WO2009040130A1 - Procédé de stérilisation d'objets - Google Patents

Procédé de stérilisation d'objets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009040130A1
WO2009040130A1 PCT/EP2008/008220 EP2008008220W WO2009040130A1 WO 2009040130 A1 WO2009040130 A1 WO 2009040130A1 EP 2008008220 W EP2008008220 W EP 2008008220W WO 2009040130 A1 WO2009040130 A1 WO 2009040130A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sterilization
sterilization vessel
vessel
objects
electrode
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/008220
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Leipold
Henrik Bindslev
Original Assignee
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Danmarks Tekniske Universitet filed Critical Danmarks Tekniske Universitet
Publication of WO2009040130A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009040130A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
    • A61L2/14—Plasma, i.e. ionised gases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for sterilization of an object or objects at atmospheric pressure, the method comprising the step of encapsulating the object or objects to be sterilized in a sterilization vessel.
  • the sterilization vessel also encapsulates a predetermined amount of atmospheric air and a predetermined amount of a inert gas, such as helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen etc..
  • the method further comprises the step of exposing the object or objects to an electric field in order to ignite a plasma in the sterilization vessel.
  • the present invention further relate to an apparatus for carrying out the invention.
  • EP 0 863 772 (and corresponding US patent US 6,007,770) relates to a closed system and an associated method for sterilizing objects under atmospheric pressure by converting oxygen present in the atmospheric air surrounding the object to be sterilized by ozone.
  • the object to be sterilized is positioned in a vessel, such as a plastic bottle, said vessel also containing a sufficient amount of atmospheric air.
  • a vessel such as a plastic bottle
  • the oxygen present in the atmospheric air inside the vessel is converted to ozone which sterilizes the object in the vessel.
  • JP 2004/173704 relates to a method and a system for, in an open system, sterilization of objects under atmospheric pressure. It is in JP 2004/173704 mentioned that a gas mixture of argon and oxygen has previously been used for sterilization of objects. The presence of argon is reported to stabilize the generation of plasma.
  • EP 0 863 772 It is a disadvantage of the method disclosed in EP 0 863 772 that in order to ignite a plasma sufficient to sterilize the object or objects positioned inside the vessel a relatively high voltage (up to 25 kV) must be applied to the high voltage electrodes. Since the sterilization process of EP 0 863 772 purely relies on the conversion of oxygen to ozone extremely high local field densities are generated inside the vessel. Such high local field densities typically create sparks which may easily cause damage to the vessel or container carrying the object or objects to be sterilized.
  • the present invention relates, in a first aspect, to a method for sterilization of an object or objects at atmospheric pressure, the method comprising the steps of
  • sterilization vessel also encapsulating a predetermined amount of atmospheric air and a predetermined amount of a inert gas
  • the sterilization vessel may in principle be any container capable of encapsulating the object/objects and the predetermined amounts of atmospheric air and inert gas.
  • the sterilization vessel may be a bottle-shaped plastic container having essentially rigid outer sidewalls and a lid attached thereto, or a bag-like sterilization vessel having flexible outer sidewalls.
  • Such flexible outer sidewalls may be made of a flexible foil, such as a flexible polymeric foil.
  • the predetermined amounts of atmospheric air and inert gas are provided during packing of the object/objects in the sterilization vessel. After packaging the mixture of atmospheric air and inert gas remains essentially constant during a period of at least some weeks. Thus, after packaging the object or objects positioned in the sterilization vessels may be sterilised by igniting a plasma in the vessel at any time during a period of at least some weeks.
  • the predetermined amount of the inert gas may be larger than 80%, such as larger than 85%, such as larger than 90%, such as larger than 95% or such as larger than 98% of the total amount of gas in the sterilization vessel.
  • the inert may be helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or nitrogen or any combination thereof.
  • the amount of atmospheric air may be smaller than 20% of the total amount of gas in the sterilization vessel.
  • the presence of the inert gas stabilises the generated plasma, and, at the same time, lowers the threshold voltage (or electric field) at which a plasma is ignited.
  • the combined effect of lowering the threshold voltage (or electric field) at which a plasma inside the sterilization vessel is ignited, and stabilizing an already ignited plasma significantly lowers the risk of damaging the sterilization vessel.
  • the reason for this being that sparks are unlikely to be generated when the sterilization vessel is placed under the influence of the electric field which preferably is an alternating electric field.
  • the electric field may have a strength of at least 5 kV/cm, such as 10 kV/cm, such as 15 kV/cm.
  • the step of exposing at least part of the interior of the sterilization vessel to an electric field may comprise the step of positioning the sterilization vessel between the two electrodes, and applying a predetermined voltage difference to the two electrodes.
  • a first of the two electrodes may be adapted to receive the predetermined voltage level, whereas a second of the two electrodes may be electrically connected to a fixed potential level, such as ground.
  • the predetermined voltage applied to the at least one electrode may be a continuous AC voltage, or it may comprise a number of pulses having a predetermined duty cycle.
  • the duty cycle of the applied pulses may have a duration which is linked to the frequency of the applied AC voltage. The reason for this being that the "on time" equals at least one period of the AC voltage.
  • the total “on time” is an integer number multiplied with the period of the AC voltage.
  • the “off time” in that the “off time” equals an integer number (ranging from one to infinite) multiplied with the period of the AC voltage.
  • the duty cycle (“on-time” plus “off- time”) may be in the range 25-500 ⁇ s, such as 25-400 ⁇ s, such as 25-300 ⁇ s, such as 25-200 ⁇ s.
  • the sterilization method is performed at room temperature.
  • the temperature of the object or objects to be sterilized may be significantly lower, such as in the case of frozen food items.
  • room temperature is meant that the sterilization method is performed at around 20 0 C.
  • Sterilization may also be performed at lower temperatures. For example when meat is to be sterilized the temperature may be below the denaturation temperature of proteins.
  • Efficient cooling of the sterilization vessel in order to reduce damage of the vessel may be required.
  • One suitable method for efficient cooling may be a method where the sterilization vessel is in tight contact with an insulator which may be attached to the electrodes. In order to achieve such tight contact the vessel and the insulator may be mechanically biased towards each other with a predetermined force.
  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for sterilization of an object or objects encapsulated in a sterilization vessel, the sterilization apparatus comprising - a sterilization vessel adapted to encapsulate the object or objects to be sterilized, said sterilization vessel further being adapted to encapsulate a predetermined amount of atmospheric air and a predetermined amount of a inert gas, and
  • the means for generating the electric field may comprise a first and a second electrode, said first and second electrodes being arranged to receive the sterilization vessel therebetween.
  • the first and second electrodes may be substantially plane electrodes arranged in a substantially parallel configuration thereby forming a capacitor-like arrangement where the sterilization vessel may be positioned between the capacitor plates.
  • the shapes of the first and second electrodes may differ from substantially plane electrodes.
  • the first electrode may be adapted to receive a high voltage of some kVs.
  • the voltage level strongly depends on the object or objects to be sterilized, and the environment into which the object or objects is contained.
  • the second electrode may be electrically connected to a fixed potential level, such as for example ground.
  • the apparatus according to the present invention may further comprise first and second insulator means.
  • the first insulator means may be positioned between the first electrode and the sterilization vessel, whereas the second insulator means may be positioned between the second electrode and the sterilization vessel.
  • the shape of the first and second insulator means match the shape of the first and second electrodes, respectively.
  • the first insulator means may follow the surface contour of the first electrode
  • the second insulator may follow the surface contour of the second electrode.
  • the first and second insulators may be manufactured of a polymeric foil material attached to the respective electrodes.
  • the foil material may be a non-conducting material, such as thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, in particular polypropylene, polyester, fluoropolymer, polyimide, polyamide, PEEK, capton, mica, having a thickness smaller than 500 ⁇ m.
  • the first and second insulators may be made of ceramics (e.g. oxides, nitrides, e.g. AI 2 O 3 ) or glasses.
  • the first electrode may be moveably arranged so that its position may be adjusted to match the shape and the dimensions of the sterilization vessel encapsulating the object or objects to be sterilised.
  • the position of the first electrode may be varied from vessel to vessel in order to ensure optimal sterilization performance with varying sterilization vessel dimensions.
  • the sterilization vessel will essentially take the shape of the meat to be sterilized.
  • the space or volume between the first and second electrodes must be variable in order to ensure optimal sterilization performance.
  • the sterilization of an object or objects in a sterilization vessel may be performed in the following way:
  • the first electrode is moved away from the second electrode thereby creating the necessary space for easy positioning of a sterilization vessel on the second electrode, or on an insulator means covering at least part of second electrodes.
  • the second electrode, or the insulator means covering at least part of the second electrode forms a bottom part of a virtual sterilization chamber.
  • the sterilization vessel may be positioned on a conveyor belt which brings the sterilization vessel to an optimal position relative to the second electrode.
  • the second insulator means may be omitted because the conveyor belt itself may be configured to act or function as an insulator means.
  • the second electrode may be positioned below the conveyor belt, whereas the moveably arranged first electrode is positioned above the conveyor belt.
  • the moveably arranged first electrode which may be regarded as a top part of the virtual sterilization chamber, is moved closer to the second electrode so that the required electric field may be generated between the first and second electrodes.
  • the first insulator means may be arranged to follow the movements of the first electrode. This may be achieved by attaching the first insulator means to the first electrode.
  • the first electrode, and optionally the first insulator means may be moved relative to the second electrode by electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or similar means.
  • the optimal position of the first electrode relative to the second electrode depends on the dimensions of the sterilization vessel, which in case of a sterilization vessel made of a flexible foil, depends on the shape of the object to be sterilized.
  • the optimal position of the first electrode relative to the second electrode may vary of sample to sample, where the term sample should be interpreted as a sterilization vessel including an object or objects to be sterilised.
  • appropriate sensor means may be provided.
  • Such sensor means may for example include one or more force sensors adapted to measure a reaction force generated by the first electrode abutting the sample.
  • the optimal position of the first electrode relative to the second electrode may be defined by a predetermined reaction force or a predetermined range of reaction forces.
  • the optimal position may be reached when the measured reaction force equals a predetermined reaction value, or falls within a predetermined range of reaction values.
  • the present invention relates to a method for encapsulating an object or objects to be sterilized in a sterilization vessel, the method comprising the steps of
  • the predetermined amounts of atmospheric air and inert gas are provided during packing of the object/objects in the sterilization vessel.
  • the mixture of atmospheric air and inert gas remains essentially constant during a period of at least some weeks.
  • the object or objects positioned in the sterilization vessels may be sterilised by igniting a plasma in the vessel at any time during a period of at least some weeks.
  • the predetermined amount of the inert gas may be larger than 80%, such as larger than 85%, such as larger than 90%, such as larger than 95% or such as larger than 98% of the total amount of gas in the sterilization vessel.
  • the inert may be helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon or nitrogen or any combination thereof.
  • the amount of atmospheric air may be smaller than 20% of the total amount of gas in the sterilization vessel.
  • the sterilization vessel may in principle be any container capable of encapsulating the object/objects and the predetermined amounts of atmospheric air and inert gas.
  • the sterilization vessel may be a bottle-shaped plastic container having essentially rigid outer sidewalls and a lid attached thereto, or a bag-like sterilization vessel having flexible outer sidewalls.
  • Such flexible outer sidewalls may be made of a flexible foil, such as a flexible polymeric foil.
  • Fig. 1 shows a set-up suitable for carrying out the invention. While the invention is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, a specific embodiment has been shown by way of example in the drawing and will be described in details herein. It should be understood, however, that the invention is not intended to be limited to the particular form disclosed. Rather, the invention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
  • the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for sterilizing encapsulated objects under the influence of an ignited plasma within a sterilization vessel.
  • Fig. 1 shows an example of an apparatus for carrying out the invention.
  • encapsulated food items have been placed on a moving conveyor belt.
  • the conveyor belt moves the food items from left to right at a speed allowing mass sterilization.
  • the food item depicted in the middle is undergoing sterilization in that a plasma has been generated in the sterilization vessel as indicated in Fig. 1.
  • each of the food items is encapsulated in a sealed vessel (sterilization vessel) which may have rigid or flexible outer boundaries.
  • the sealed vessels are bag-like sealed vessels made of a flexible foil-like material, such as thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, in particular polypropylene, polyester, fluoropolymer, polyimide, polyamide, PEEK, capton, mica.
  • the sealed vessel contains predetermined amounts of atmospheric air and inert gas. These predetermined amounts are provided into the sealed vessels during packing of the food items to be sterilized. After packaging the mixture of atmospheric air and inert gas remains essentially constant during a period of at least some weeks. Thus, after packaging the food items may be sterilised by igniting a plasma in the vessel at any time during a period of at least some weeks.
  • the predetermined amount of the inert gas may be larger than 80%, such as larger than 85%, such as larger than 90%, such as larger than 95% or such as larger than 98% of the total amount of gas in the sterilization vessel.
  • the inert may be helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, or nitrogen or any combination thereof.
  • the amount of atmospheric air may be smaller than 20% of the total amount of gas in the sterilization vessel.
  • the required plasma is ignited by positioned the mixture of inert gas atmospheric air in an electric field.
  • This electric field is generated between the two electrodes depicted in Fig. 1.
  • one of these electrodes is positioned below the conveyor belt whereas the other electrode is positioned above the conveyor belt.
  • the bottom electrode is electrically connected to ground whereas the upper electrode is arranged to be connected to the high voltage potential in order to establish an electric field between the two electrodes.
  • an alternating electric field of at least 5 kV/cm, such as 10 kV/cm, such as 15 kV/cm must be applied.
  • the AC voltages generating the electric field can be applied continuously or it can be applied in pulses along the lines set out previously. Thus, pulses having a duration (on-time) of 25 ⁇ s or 50 ⁇ s are applicable.
  • the "off times" are typically varied in order to match an average power level.
  • the upper electrode is moveably arranged along a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt.
  • the mechanism (not shown) adapted to move the upper electrode up and down can be of electric, pneumatic or hydraulic nature.
  • the vertical positioned of the upper electrode may be adjusted to match a specific height of a given sealed vessel or a series of sealed vessels.
  • An automatic control mechanism may be implemented to ensure optimal positioning of the upper electrode prior to igniting the plasma in the sealed vessel.
  • Such automatic control mechanism typically involves a position and/or pressure sensor and a controller in the form of a PID-regulator.
  • the insulator may be manufactured of a polymeric foil material attached to the upper electrode.
  • the foil material must be a non-conducting material, thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, in particular polypropylene, polyester, fluoropolymer, polyimide, polyamide, PEEK, capton, mica, having a thickness smaller than 500 ⁇ m.
  • the insulator may be made of ceramics (oxides, nitrides) or glasses.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Disinfection Or Sterilisation (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de stérilisation d'un ou de plusieurs objets à pression atmosphérique. Le procédé comprend l'étape consistant à encapsuler le ou les objets à stériliser dans une cuve de stérilisation. La cuve de stérilisation encapsule également une quantité prédéterminée d'air atmosphérique et une quantité prédéterminée d'un gaz inerte. Le procédé comprend également l'étape consistant à exposer le ou les objets à un champ électrique de manière à allumer un plasma dans la cuve de stérilisation. La présente invention concerne également un appareil destiné à mettre en oeuvre l'invention.
PCT/EP2008/008220 2007-09-28 2008-09-26 Procédé de stérilisation d'objets WO2009040130A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US96042407P 2007-09-28 2007-09-28
US60/960,424 2007-09-28

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010003284A1 (de) 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 Dot Gmbh Verfahren zur chemischen Aktivierung von Arbeitsgasen in abgeschlossenen Volumina
US20110268850A1 (en) * 2010-04-30 2011-11-03 Vashui Rasanayagam Modified atmosphere packaging gas, method for non-thermal plasma treatment of article, and article of manufacture for use therein
WO2012125435A2 (fr) 2011-03-11 2012-09-20 Purdue Research Foundation Génération d'un microbiocide à l'intérieur d'un emballage à l'aide d'une composition de gaz régulée
GB2490794A (en) * 2011-05-09 2012-11-14 Ozonica Ltd Disinfection of packaged articles
US8980190B2 (en) 2009-11-03 2015-03-17 The University Court Of The University Of Glasgow Plasma generation and use of plasma generation apparatus
US20150150297A1 (en) * 2012-06-07 2015-06-04 Korea Food Research Institute Method for sterilizing sealed and packaged food using atmospheric-pressure plasma, and sealed and packaged food prepared thereby
US9363880B2 (en) 2009-03-24 2016-06-07 Purdue Research Foundation Method and system for treating packaged products
AU2015261647B2 (en) * 2011-03-11 2017-09-07 Purdue Research Foundation Generation of microbiocide inside a package utilizing a controlled gas composition
US10178874B2 (en) 2009-04-07 2019-01-15 Ozonica Limited Sterilisation of package articles
US10194672B2 (en) 2015-10-23 2019-02-05 NanoGuard Technologies, LLC Reactive gas, reactive gas generation system and product treatment using reactive gas
US10925144B2 (en) 2019-06-14 2021-02-16 NanoGuard Technologies, LLC Electrode assembly, dielectric barrier discharge system and use thereof
WO2022195029A1 (fr) * 2021-03-18 2022-09-22 Plasmatreat Gmbh Procédé et dispositif permettant la désinfection, en particulier la stérilisation, de produits emballés
US11896731B2 (en) 2020-04-03 2024-02-13 NanoGuard Technologies, LLC Methods of disarming viruses using reactive gas

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5302343A (en) * 1987-02-25 1994-04-12 Adir Jacob Process for dry sterilization of medical devices and materials
US5770739A (en) * 1994-04-28 1998-06-23 Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. Non-aqueous hydrogen peroxide complex
WO2000074730A2 (fr) * 1999-06-08 2000-12-14 The Regents Of The University Of California Chambre de decontamination/sterilisation de plasma a pression atmospherique
DE102004049783A1 (de) * 2004-10-12 2006-04-20 Je Plasmaconsult Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung von Gütern unter Zuhilfenahme einer elektrischen Entladung

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5302343A (en) * 1987-02-25 1994-04-12 Adir Jacob Process for dry sterilization of medical devices and materials
US5770739A (en) * 1994-04-28 1998-06-23 Johnson & Johnson Medical, Inc. Non-aqueous hydrogen peroxide complex
WO2000074730A2 (fr) * 1999-06-08 2000-12-14 The Regents Of The University Of California Chambre de decontamination/sterilisation de plasma a pression atmospherique
DE102004049783A1 (de) * 2004-10-12 2006-04-20 Je Plasmaconsult Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Bearbeitung von Gütern unter Zuhilfenahme einer elektrischen Entladung

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140044595A1 (en) * 2009-03-24 2014-02-13 Purdue Research Foundation Generation of microbiocide inside a package utilizing a controlled gas composition
US9363880B2 (en) 2009-03-24 2016-06-07 Purdue Research Foundation Method and system for treating packaged products
US8961894B2 (en) 2009-03-24 2015-02-24 Purdue Research Foundation Generation of microbiocide inside a package utilizing a controlled gas composition
US10178874B2 (en) 2009-04-07 2019-01-15 Ozonica Limited Sterilisation of package articles
US8980190B2 (en) 2009-11-03 2015-03-17 The University Court Of The University Of Glasgow Plasma generation and use of plasma generation apparatus
DE102010003284A1 (de) 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 Dot Gmbh Verfahren zur chemischen Aktivierung von Arbeitsgasen in abgeschlossenen Volumina
WO2011116984A2 (fr) 2010-03-25 2011-09-29 Dot Gmbh Procédé et dispositif de réduction du nombre de germes dans un volume fermé
US20110268850A1 (en) * 2010-04-30 2011-11-03 Vashui Rasanayagam Modified atmosphere packaging gas, method for non-thermal plasma treatment of article, and article of manufacture for use therein
EP2683416A4 (fr) * 2011-03-11 2014-11-12 Purdue Research Foundation Génération d'un microbiocide à l'intérieur d'un emballage à l'aide d'une composition de gaz régulée
CN103547293A (zh) * 2011-03-11 2014-01-29 珀杜研究基金会 利用控制的气体组合物在包装内部产生杀菌剂
EP2683416A2 (fr) * 2011-03-11 2014-01-15 Purdue Research Foundation Génération d'un microbiocide à l'intérieur d'un emballage à l'aide d'une composition de gaz régulée
WO2012125435A2 (fr) 2011-03-11 2012-09-20 Purdue Research Foundation Génération d'un microbiocide à l'intérieur d'un emballage à l'aide d'une composition de gaz régulée
AU2012229363B2 (en) * 2011-03-11 2015-08-27 Purdue Research Foundation Generation of microbiocide inside a package utilizing a controlled gas composition
AU2015261647B2 (en) * 2011-03-11 2017-09-07 Purdue Research Foundation Generation of microbiocide inside a package utilizing a controlled gas composition
GB2490794A (en) * 2011-05-09 2012-11-14 Ozonica Ltd Disinfection of packaged articles
CN103619712A (zh) * 2011-05-09 2014-03-05 奥唑尼卡有限公司 包装物品的消毒
US8641977B2 (en) 2011-05-09 2014-02-04 Ozonica Limited Disinfection of packaged articles
US9597422B2 (en) 2011-05-09 2017-03-21 Ozonica Limited Disinfection of packaged articles
US20150150297A1 (en) * 2012-06-07 2015-06-04 Korea Food Research Institute Method for sterilizing sealed and packaged food using atmospheric-pressure plasma, and sealed and packaged food prepared thereby
US10194672B2 (en) 2015-10-23 2019-02-05 NanoGuard Technologies, LLC Reactive gas, reactive gas generation system and product treatment using reactive gas
US11000045B2 (en) 2015-10-23 2021-05-11 NanoGuard Technologies, LLC Reactive gas, reactive gas generation system and product treatment using reactive gas
US11882844B2 (en) 2015-10-23 2024-01-30 NanoGuard Technologies, LLC Reactive gas, reactive gas generation system and product treatment using reactive gas
US10925144B2 (en) 2019-06-14 2021-02-16 NanoGuard Technologies, LLC Electrode assembly, dielectric barrier discharge system and use thereof
US11896731B2 (en) 2020-04-03 2024-02-13 NanoGuard Technologies, LLC Methods of disarming viruses using reactive gas
WO2022195029A1 (fr) * 2021-03-18 2022-09-22 Plasmatreat Gmbh Procédé et dispositif permettant la désinfection, en particulier la stérilisation, de produits emballés
DE102021106664A1 (de) 2021-03-18 2022-09-22 Plasmatreat Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum desinfizieren, insbesondere sterilisieren, verpackter güter
CN116997510A (zh) * 2021-03-18 2023-11-03 等离子体处理有限公司 用于对经包装的货物消毒、尤其杀菌的方法和设备

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