Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
  • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
  • B41C1/02—Engraving; Heads therefor
  • B41C1/04—Engraving; Heads therefor using heads controlled by an electric information signal
  • B41C1/05—Heat-generating engraving heads, e.g. laser beam, electron beam
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41N—PRINTING PLATES OR FOILS; MATERIALS FOR SURFACES USED IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR PRINTING, INKING, DAMPING, OR THE LIKE; PREPARING SUCH SURFACES FOR USE AND CONSERVING THEM
  • B41N1/00—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor
  • B41N1/04—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor metallic
  • B41N1/06—Printing plates or foils; Materials therefor metallic for relief printing or intaglio printing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
  • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
• • B42D2033/24—
• • B42D2035/06—
• • B42D2035/16—
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
  • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
  • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
  • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
  • B42D25/324—Reliefs

Definitions

• the invention relates to a data carrier with a gravure printing motif and to a gravure printing plate and a gravure printing process for printing a motif and to a process for producing such an intaglio printing plate.
• Data carriers in the sense of the present invention are, in particular, security or value documents, such as banknotes, passports, identity documents, check forms, shares, certificates, stamps, vouchers, airline tickets and the like, as well as labels, seals, packaging and other elements for product assurance.
• security or value documents such as banknotes, passports, identity documents, check forms, shares, certificates, stamps, vouchers, airline tickets and the like, as well as labels, seals, packaging and other elements for product assurance.
• data carrier in the following includes all such documents and product securing means.
• Security and value documents the commercial value or value of which far exceeds the material value, are usually identified by suitable measures as genuine and distinguishable from counterfeits and counterfeits. They are usually provided with special security elements, which are ideally not or only with great effort imitable and not falsified.
• the line or intaglio printing technique has in particular for the printing of securities, such as banknotes and the like, a great importance.
• the intaglio printing is characterized by the fact that linear depressions are introduced into the printing plates in order to produce a printed image.
• the ink-transferring areas of the printing plate are thus present as depressions in the printing surface.
• These depressions are produced by means of a suitable engraving tool, by laser ablation or by etching.
• a wider line is produced with increasing stitch depth due to the usually tapered engraving tools.
• the ink receptivity of the engraved line, and hence the opacity of the printed line increases with increasing stitch depth.
• Line intaglio printing technology allows a relatively thick color order on a data carrier compared to other common printing techniques, such as offset printing.
• the comparatively thick ink layer produced in the line intaglio printing process, together with the partial deformation of the paper surface resulting from the press-in of the paper into the engraving of the printing plate, can also be easily felt manually by the layman, depending on the depth of the engraving, and thus on the basis of their tactility easily recognizable as an authenticity feature.
• the tactility is with one
• WO 03/052702 A2 subdivides a template into halftone-value-related partial areas and assigns different engraving depths for the printing plate to be produced to the individual tonal values or groups of tonal values, matched to the printing ink used.
• the tonal values of the original are converted into corresponding engraving depths on the printing plate, whereby the engraving depth necessary for the production of a specific tonal value can vary from printing ink to printing ink.
• particularly technical representations can be implemented well, while other half-tone representations, in particular portraits, often have a somewhat unnatural effect.
• the object of the invention is to create a data carrier with high security against forgery, which has a motif produced by intaglio printing and appearing as a halftone image when viewed.
• the intaglio motif should be advantageously combined with tactile elements.
• halftone image is not uniformly used in the literature on printing technology and especially in the patent literature he refers to only "real" halftone images, ie images whose tonal values show true gradations between black and white, as they can be produced with photographic processes.
• the term is often used for line images that actually only discrete , printing (eg black) and non-printing (eg white) picture elements exist in which the printing and non-printing picture elements are so finely formed that creates an image for the viewer through the integrating effect of the eye, the real
• the printing or non-printing picture elements are typically halftone dots which are arranged in a regular grid with a small screen ruling, for example the human eye can read at a normal reading distance from a 60s grid, ie a raster with a Grid frequency 60 lines / cm, the individual points no longer recognize the Bil d appears visually smoothed for the viewer and looks like a real halftone image (see
• halftone image in the context of this description is used in the sense of a true halftone image
• a line image ie an image with discrete, printing or non-printing image elements, with a correspondingly fine design of the image elements for a human viewer
• the visual effect of a true halftone image may be expressed by the formulation that such an image appears as a halftone image when viewed with the naked eye.
• a data carrier of the type mentioned at the outset contains an intaglio motif which, when viewed with the naked eye, appears as a halftone image with a continuous tone progression.
• the intaglio print motif comprises a multiplicity of fine, sublime, non-resolvable, raised printing lines which are continuously modulated in width and / or height to produce the different tonal values of the halftone image.
• continuous tone progression also refers to the perception of the subject with a human eye, meaning that a continuous tone value curve does not have to be infinitely different
• the intaglio motif of the data carrier comprises a family of parallel printing lines. According to current knowledge, particularly good results can be achieved if the intaglio motif comprises a regular cross-grid, which is preferably formed by two sets of parallel printing lines intersecting at an angle ⁇ . For the angle ⁇ , values between 40 ° and 80 °, in particular between 50 ° and 70 °, have proven to be particularly favorable.
• the parallel printing lines of the intaglio printing motif advantageously have a center-to-center distance of 400 ⁇ m or less, preferably of 50 ⁇ m 200 microns, more preferably from 60 microns to 150 microns and most preferably from 70 microns to 120 microns on.
• the distance of the printing lines can be constant over the entire intaglio motif or else vary.
• the intaglio motif can be divided into partial areas and each partial area has a specific spacing of the lines which differs from the other partial areas.
• the spacing of the lines may also vary over the entire subject.
• the line spacing of two adjacent lines is continuously modulated, that is, there are no parallel lines. With a larger distance one obtains lighter tones, with smaller distance darker tones. The tonal range can thus be further increased.
• the printing lines are arranged with an accuracy of +/- 5 microns or less, preferably from +/- 2.5 microns or less, more preferably from about +/- 1 micron or less, especially in one or a plurality of parallel families.
• the width of the printing lines is preferably below 250 microns and in non-tactile areas with advantage between 3 microns and 150 microns. In tactile areas, the width of the printing lines can also be larger. In dark subject areas and especially in tactile print areas, the print lines may also partially overlap.
• the motif is grasped as an outer contour with a pressure line modulated in its width and / or height. The line ends of the motif are covered by the printing line serving as an outer contour.
• the pressure line serving as an outer contour is modulated in such a way that broadly outgoing lines, corresponding to dark motif areas, are overlaid with a broader outer contour, narrow line ends corresponding to bright motif areas, with a narrow outer contour.
• the line width of the printing line serving as an outer contour is preferably in the range from 5 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m. Coordinated with the brightness levels in the subject, the width of the outer contour line is preferably in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m for bright motif areas, preferably in the range of 60 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m in the case of dark motif areas.
• the intaglio motif contains printing lines with a width of 15 ⁇ m or less, in particular even with a width of 10 ⁇ m or less.
• the use of such narrow printing lines makes it possible on the one hand to utilize a particularly wide range of widths with a correspondingly large dynamic range, on the other hand very high resolutions and very fine tonal gradients can be achieved by using very narrow printing lines.
• the width and height of the printing lines are modulated together, so that wider printing lines have a greater height and narrower printing lines have a smaller height.
• the intaglio motif has, in particular, a non-tactile printing area in which the printing lines can not be tactually detected. Furthermore, the intaglio motif advantageously has a tactile pressure range in which the Pressure lines are tactile detectable.
• the tactile printing area is expediently arranged in particularly dark image parts of the halftone image.
• intaglio prints which represent a person's portrait or a portrait.
• the invention further includes an intaglio printing plate for printing a motif which, when viewed with the naked eye, appears as a halftone image with a continuous tone progression.
• the intaglio printing plate contains an engraving motif which comprises a multiplicity of fine engraving lines which are not resolvable with the naked eye and which are continuously modulated in their width and / or depth in order to produce the different tonal values of the halftone image.
• the gravure motif advantageously comprises a family of parallel engraving lines. Particularly good results are achieved if the gravure motif comprises a regular cross grid of engraving lines, which is preferably formed by two sets of parallel engraving lines intersecting at an angle ⁇ . For the angle ⁇ , values between 40 ° and 80 °, in particular between 50 ° and 70 °, have proven to be particularly favorable.
• the parallel engraving lines preferably have a center-to-center distance of 400 ⁇ m or less, preferably from 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, particularly preferably from 60 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m and very particularly preferably from 70 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m.
• the engraving lines are arranged with a high accuracy of +/- 5 ⁇ m or less, preferably of +/- 2.5 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably of about +/- 1 ⁇ m or less, in particular in one or a plurality of parallel families.
• the engraving lines may also partially overlap one another.
• the gravure motif advantageously contains engraving lines with a width of 15 ⁇ m or less, in particular even with a width of 10 ⁇ m or less.
• the spacing of the engraving lines can be constant over the entire intaglio motif or else vary as well.
• the intaglio motif can be divided into partial areas and each partial area has a specific spacing of the lines which differs from the other partial areas.
• the distance between the lines can also vary over the entire motif.
• the line spacing of two adjacent lines is continuously modulated, that is, there are no parallel lines. With a larger distance one obtains lighter tones, with smaller distance darker tones. The tonal range can thus be further increased.
• the width and height of the engraving lines are preferably modulated together, so that wider engraving lines have a greater depth and narrower engraving lines have a smaller depth.
• Such a common modulation can be achieved, for example, by using a conically tapering engraving stylus.
• the gravure motif advantageously has a flat engraving area for printing a non-tactile printing area, in which the engraving lines have a depth of up to 80 ⁇ m, preferably from 2 ⁇ m to 70 ⁇ m.
• the width of the engraving lines in the flat engraving area is preferably below 250 ⁇ m, in particular between 3 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m.
• the gravure motif advantageously has a deep engraving area for printing a tactile printing area, in which the engraving lines have a depth of 70 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, preferably of 70 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, particularly preferably of 80 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m.
• the width of the engraving lines in the deep engraving area is preferably below 400 ⁇ m, in particular between 120 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m.
• the invention also includes a method for producing a gravure printing plate for printing a motif which, when viewed with the naked eye as a halftone image appears with a continuous tone value course, with the method steps:
• the local width and / or depth of the engraving lines to be engraved is advantageously determined from the tonal value of the halftone image to be displayed at this local position. Higher tone values correspond to narrower and / or less deep engraving lines, darker tone values to wider and / or deeper engraving lines.
• the thus determined engraving lines can then be generated with an electronically controlled stylus or another method in each case in the locally required width and depth.
• the local width and / or depth of the engraving lines to be engraved are determined at this position for both print areas from the tone value of the halftone image to be displayed.
• dl further engraving lines are produced in the deep engraving area with a depth of 70 .mu.m to 300 .mu.m, preferably from 70 .mu.m to 200 .mu.m, particularly preferably from 80 .mu.m to 120 .mu.m.
• the engraving lines are produced in the deep engraving area with a depth of 70 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, preferably of 70 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, particularly preferably of 80 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m.
• the engraving lines are generated in the flat engraving area corresponding to the determined local width and / or depth in the printing plate, and
• the engraving lines are generated in the deep engraving area with respect to the determined local width and / or depth with an increased width and / or depth, so that at least partially engraving lines with a depth of 70 .mu.m to 300 .mu.m, preferably from 70 .mu.m to 200 .mu.m , particularly preferably produced from 80 .mu.m to 120 .mu.m.
• the engraving of the printing plate can basically be carried out by means of a laser beam or by etching, however, engraving is currently preferred by means of an electronically controlled, rotating stylus.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a banknote with an intaglio motif according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows a detailed detail of the banknote of FIG. 1 in the region of
• FIG. 3 shows in cross-section schematically an intaglio printing plate according to the invention for printing a halftone image
• Fig. 4 in (a) and (b) shows two detailed detail shown on pressure plates according to the invention with engraved lines in the form of cross gratings.
• Fig. 1 shows a banknote 10 which is provided with an intaglio motif 12 which, when viewed with the naked eye, appears as a halftone image with a continuous tone progression.
• the intaglio motif 12 optionally additionally contains tactile subareas 18, in which the relief structure of intaglio printing can be detected tactilely by the user and thus forms a tactile marking.
• banknote 10 typically has further printed images which are produced using different printing methods.
• banknote 10 may include a pattern 14 made by offset printing, such as a guilloche pattern of regularly interlaced lines, and a letterpress imprinted pattern.
• No 16 may also be provided by screen printing or other printing processes.
• this comprises a multiplicity of fine, sublime, non-resolvable, raised printing lines 20, as shown in detail in FIG. 2 in plan view.
• the printing lines 20 form a family of parallel printing lines with a distance d measured from center to center.
• the printing lines 20 are continuously modulated in width and height, as can be seen in FIG. 2 for the printing line width.
• the printing lines 20 have a smaller width and height in lighter image areas (such as on the right and left edge of the section of Fig. 2), in darker image areas (such as in the middle of the section of Fig. 2) has a larger width and height on.
• the width b of the printing lines 20 varies between a minimum width bmin and a maximum width bmax. The maximum width may also be larger than the distance d of the lines in regions so that the printing lines 20 overlap and form particularly dark motif areas.
• the engraving lines in the intaglio printing plate with a conical stylus width and height of the printing lines are positively correlated, that is, wide printing lines have a greater height, narrower printing lines to a low height.
• the bmin and between b ⁇ ma varying width thus varies the height of the pressure lines 20 hmin in the non tactilely detectable ranges between a minimum height and a maximum height h m a ⁇ .
• the maximum height hmax is chosen taking into account the nature of the ink used and the banknote paper so that the printing lines 20 are not felt by the user in the non-tactile area.
• the width bt and the height ht of the print lines 20 in the tactile detectable regions 18 are above the maximum values of the non-tactile detectable regions, thus representing very dark image areas.
• the height ht is such considering the nature of ink and banknote paper chosen large that for the user in Stichtief- print motif 12, a tactile mark 18 is created.
• the width and height of the print lines 20 may be constant or have a modulation to reproduce still drawing portions within the dark image areas 18.
• the distance d of the printing lines is below 400 .mu.m, preferably in the range of 70 .mu.m to 120 .mu.m and is in the embodiment of FIG. 2 at 100 microns.
• the height h of the printing lines 20 is always below 70 microns, so that they are tactile not detectable.
• the height of the pressure lines is preferably between 80 ⁇ m and 120 ⁇ m, for example 100 ⁇ m, so that a mark which can be detected tactilely there is produced.
• the center-to-center distance d of the printing lines is in this range, for example, only 80 microns.
• the intaglio print motif 12 appears thus as a halftone image with a continuous, determined by the local width and height of the printing lines 20 sound value course.
• the tactile detectable areas 18 give the intaglio motif an additional authenticity mark which can be easily recognized and checked when rubbing the banknote 10 between the fingers. Since the tactile regions 18 are arranged in particularly dark image parts of the illustrated halftone image, they visually merge unobtrusively with the remaining regions of the halftone image.
• Fig. 3 shows in cross-section schematically a intaglio printing plate 30 for printing a motif appearing as a halftone image, such as the intaglio motif 12 described above corresponds to the printed motif 12 in the intaglio printing plate 30, an engraving motif, the plurality of fine, with the naked eye not resolvable engraving lines 32nd , 34, 36, which are continuously modulated in width and / or depth to produce the different tonal values of the halftone image.
• All engraving lines are produced with an electronically controlled, tapered engraving stylus, resulting in an increasing width of the engraving lines as engraving depth increases.
• an engraving depth t "b / (2 * tan (80 ° / 2)) results, ie the engraving depth amounts to almost 60% of the engraving width.
• the conical opening angle of 60 ° to 100 °.
• the intaglio motif can be divided into partial areas that are processed with engraving styli with different conical opening angles.
• portions having a lighter tone are engraved with a gravure stylus having a tapered aperture angle of 40 °, while portions of a darker tone are engraved with a gravure stylus having a tapered aperture angle of 100 °.
• individual lines can also be engraved with different engraving styli.
• the intaglio printing plate 30 of course contains a plurality of such engraving lines, which may be arranged parallel or in particular in the form of a cross lattice of parallel engraving lines.
• the distance of the parallel engraving lines 32, 34 in the non-tactile pressure range is in the exemplary embodiment 100 microns
• the engraving lines 32 With a width of 40 microns and a distance of 100 microns, the engraving lines 32 produce a bright tone value within the motif 12 during printing.
• the engraving lines 34 with a width of 80 microns and a distance of 100 microns already produce a very dark tone in printing.
• the engraving lines 36 which have a width of 165 ⁇ m at a distance of 80 ⁇ m, additionally produce a tactile marking 18 when printed in addition to a very dark tone value due to the thick application of ink and the deformation of the banknote paper.
• the width and depth of the engraving lines are modulated along their extent according to the tone value to be displayed locally, so that the cross section of FIG. 3 shows only a local width and depth of a portion of the engraving lines 32, 34, 36.
• the sections 32, 34, 36 may even represent sections of the same engraving line at different locations along their extent. It is further understood that the width and depth of the engraving lines are continuously varied within a given width or depth range, and not just the discrete values shown in FIG. 3 for illustration.
• the parallel engraving lines are produced in the intaglio printing plate 30 with a high accuracy of +/- 5 ⁇ m, preferably even with the extremely high accuracy of +/- 1 ⁇ m. Due to this high accuracy extremely fine tone differences can be achieved.
• Fig. 4 (a) shows a section 40 of a plan view of a printing plate according to the invention
• a cross grid consists of two coulters 42, 44 respectively parallel engraving lines that intersect at an angle ⁇ .
• the width / depth modulation of the engraving lines which is of course available in practice, is not shown in FIG. 4 (a).
• the angle ⁇ is between 40 ° and 80 °, in particular at about 60 °.
• the engraving lines of the pressure plate 30 do not necessarily have to be rectilinear, as illustrated in the cutout 50 shown in FIG. 4 (b), which shows two intersecting, curved lines of lines 52, 54. Again, the clarity of the existing width / depth modulation of the engraving lines is not shown for clarity.
• Such a cross grid can be printed particularly stably at the values considered here for width, depth and spacing of the engraving lines.
• the calculation of the shape and position of the engraving lines preferably takes place with the aid of a computer, wherein commercially available programs can be used which allow the calculation of the engraving depth on the basis of the tonal values of the halftone image to be displayed.
• a pressure of a gray wedge with the desired steel ink with a continuous course of 0 - 100% area coverage and the selected engraving implementation, for example in the form of the selected cross grid made.
• the halftone area to be used hereinafter referred to as the effective area.
• the defined range of action may include, for example, a range of 3% -40% area coverage.
• the halftone original is converted within the range of effect, with lighter tones corresponding to a shallower engraving, darker tonal values corresponding to a deeper engraving.
• the halftone image must be adjusted to the desired specific printing conditions by image retouching.
• the special printing properties of the steel printing ink are also taken into account, in particular the very high pigment content, which leads to a very wide spread from light to dark, as well as different additives, such as absorbers, opaque white, transparent white, machine-readable features and the like, the glaze behavior of the chromatic color sometimes significantly change.
• the desired tactile areas of the motif are determined.
• particularly dark areas of the halftone original are recorded and supplemented with the extra desired parts.
• the resulting structures are overdrawn to achieve the tactile properties (excessive), optionally also subjected to retouching and initially stored separately.
• the basic modulation can be combined in various ways with the tactile component.
• the tactile component is simply transferred to the existing milled basic model.
• the tactile portion of the basic model can be left out and then put on the ungrounded area again.
• the tactile component is left out of the basic model and subsequently the tactile region is recalculated again from the halftone image, so that a depth modulation can be produced here, which reproduces individual parts of the drawing.
• the steel ink allows a wide range of bright to dark, which can be exploited by the method according to the invention.
• Desired tactile elements can be integrated into the motif design.
• the method allows an attractive implementation of halftone templates, in particular for the banknotes back.
• Line printing represents an attractive alternative to stochastic raster reproduction.
• the cutter can dwell continuously in the material during production of the printing plate without permanent placement and thus allows a process-favorable execution.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
• Finance (AREA)
• Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
• Printing Methods (AREA)
• Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)

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Publications (2)

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• 2007
  • 2007-09-17 DE DE102007044227A patent/DE102007044227A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2008
  • 2008-09-10 EP EP08801960A patent/EP2203315A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-09-10 WO PCT/EP2008/007388 patent/WO2009036916A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2008-09-10 CA CA2699234A patent/CA2699234C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-09-10 CN CN2008801072940A patent/CN101801679B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-09-10 RU RU2010114849/12A patent/RU2488491C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation

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