WO2009033889A1 - Procédé d'homogénéisation de plusieurs cellules d'une batterie montées en série, et dispositif de commande de chargement pour une telle batterie - Google Patents

Procédé d'homogénéisation de plusieurs cellules d'une batterie montées en série, et dispositif de commande de chargement pour une telle batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009033889A1
WO2009033889A1 PCT/EP2008/060225 EP2008060225W WO2009033889A1 WO 2009033889 A1 WO2009033889 A1 WO 2009033889A1 EP 2008060225 W EP2008060225 W EP 2008060225W WO 2009033889 A1 WO2009033889 A1 WO 2009033889A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
cells
charging current
cell voltage
reached
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/060225
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Mathias BÜCHEL
Uwe Zimmermann
Original Assignee
Continental Automotive Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Automotive Gmbh filed Critical Continental Automotive Gmbh
Publication of WO2009033889A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009033889A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
    • H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/007182—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery voltage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the operation of an electric battery and, more particularly, to a method of comparing several cells connected in series in a battery by charging the battery by means of a charging current ("CeIl").
  • the invention relates to a charging control device for carrying out such a method.
  • Energy storage in the form of a battery with several cells connected in series are needed in many applications.
  • An example is the automotive electronics.
  • the electric vehicle electrical system in a modern car has already reached, if not exceeded, its performance limit, especially for more comfortable models. So far, a Bleibatte ⁇ e has been used as energy storage for the electrical system usually.
  • a Bleibatte ⁇ e has been used as energy storage for the electrical system usually.
  • automobile manufacturers are working on solutions to adapt the on-board electrical system and its energy storage to the increased requirements.
  • One possibility for this is alternatively or additionally to the conventional lead-acid battery to install a battery with the desired performance characteristics.
  • Fig. 1 shows a battery 10, which is connected to both a Ladeein ⁇ unit 12 and with a vehicle electrical system 14 of a vehicle, such as a motor vehicle.
  • the battery 10 contains a plurality of series-connected (not shown) cells 16-1, 16-2,..., 16-n, in which the electrical energy is stored and which subsequently or individually in their total ⁇ unit also be denoted by the reference numeral 16 (n denotes the number of battery lines).
  • an electronics 18 which is structurally combined with the cells 16 and is responsible for the operation of the battery 10 and in particular the monitoring of the cells 16. It is an object of the electronics 18 to periodically compare the cells 16-1 to 16-n from time to time, ie to bring them to a substantially equal voltage level in the vicinity of their maximum permissible voltage. This advantageous for the energy storage capacity battery condition is hereinafter also referred to as "balanced state".
  • Fig. 2 illustrates the method used so far for such comparison of the cells 16-1 to 16-n.
  • the figure shows the course of the cell voltages U during the comparison over time t.
  • UcmaxO the highest cell voltage value at this time
  • the battery 10 and thus its series-connected cells 16-1 to 16-n is charged by means of a predetermined (here: constant) charging current I.
  • the electronics 18 continuously monitor the individual cell voltages U and detect a case referred to below as the "overvoltage case", in which at least one cell voltage has reached a predetermined upper threshold Ubon.
  • the upper threshold is first reached by the Ubon designated Ucmax cell voltage ( "maxi ⁇ male cell voltage"), which had at the beginning of the process of the largest value (UcmaxO).
  • the electronics 18 Upon detection of the overvoltage event, the electronics 18 (possibly in cooperation with the charging unit 12) causes a shutdown of the charging current I and the activation of a bypass current path for the relevant cell (s).
  • bypass resistors 20-1 to 20-n are provided, which are respectively connected in parallel to one of the cells 16-1 to 16-n, and by closing a switch 22-1 arranged in series therewith, 22-2, ... or 22-n are activatable.
  • the switch or switches in question are actuated accordingly by the electronics 18.
  • the voltages described have the following values:
  • thearea concernedigunskrite- could consist ⁇ um for example, that COMPLETE cells ⁇ voltages U are in the range of Uboff to Ubon.
  • the comparison measure described above can be triggered at fixed time intervals and / or as required (eg when a "non-uniformity criterion" is fulfilled by the instantaneous cell voltages).
  • the basic idea of the invention is to reduce the time required for comparison by avoiding phases in which cells with a comparatively low cell voltage are not charged (compare, for example, flat curve sections in FIG.
  • this object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
  • a method forinstall abroadigen of multiple, series-connected cells of a battery by charging the battery is provided by means of a charging current, wherein for the cells whose cell voltage has reached an upper threshold (UBON), respectively, a bypass current path is activated is deactivated again as soon as the relevant cell voltage has reached a lower threshold (Uboff).
  • UbON upper threshold
  • Uboff lower threshold
  • the charging current is not reduced to zero but to a value other than zero. This advantageously also takes place during the overvoltage phases a certain charge of the cells with too low cell voltage. Thus, the total time required for comparison can be reduced.
  • the charging current is provided with an at least approximately constant value as long as the maximum cell voltage has not yet reached the upper threshold.
  • the value of this charging current and / or the thresholds used z. B. depending on the temperature or the hitherto elapsed operating time of the battery may be provided.
  • the charge current after its reduction, has a value which corresponds essentially to the bypass current of the cell with the maximum cell voltage.
  • the cell with the maximum cell voltage in the overvoltage state results in a substantially constant cell voltage (corresponding to the upper threshold).
  • the charging current is reduced by at least 80%, in particular at least 90%.
  • a method according to claim 5 that is a method forinstallwishedigen of several series-connected cells of a battery by charging the battery by means of a charging current, wherein for the cells whose Cell voltage has reached an upper threshold (Ubon), in each case a bypass current path is activated, which is deactivated again when the cell voltage in question has reached an un ⁇ tere threshold (Uboff), and wherein the charging current is reduced as soon as the minimum cell voltage in front- certain threshold, in particular the lower threshold (Uboff) has reached.
  • Ubon upper threshold
  • Uboff un ⁇ tere threshold
  • the charging current is provided with an at least approximately constant value until it is reduced. Also, in this case, the value of the charging current and / or the thresholds used can be provided depending on measured variables.
  • the charging current is reduced to a value of zero.
  • the threshold For the choice of the threshold, the achievement of which the reduction of the charging current triggers, there are many possibilities. According to one embodiment, it is provided, for example, that the reduction of the charging current takes place when the minimum cell voltage reaches the lower threshold.
  • the threshold can also be z. For example, anywhere within the range bounded by the lower and upper thresholds.
  • the means for carrying out a method according to the invention may be provided in a charging unit provided externally by the battery and / or in an electronic control unit structurally combined with the battery.
  • the lower threshold is greater than a maximum cell voltage achieved in ordinary battery operation.
  • the difference between the upper and the lower threshold is less than 20%, in particular less than 10%, of the upper threshold.
  • the cells of the relevant battery are preferably a plurality of identically formed cells.
  • the battery can z. B. more than 5, more than 10 or even more than 20 connected in series cells.
  • z in order to provide a comparatively large supply voltage for a hybrid vehicle (for example a few 10 2 V), z. For example, a number of about 100 cells is not uncommon.
  • the bypass current path preferably comprises a series connection of a resistor and a transistor (in particular eg FET).
  • FIG. 2 is an illustration for illustrating a method for comparing the cells of the battery of FIG. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a representation corresponding to FIG. 2 for
  • FIG. 4 is an illustration for illustrating a temporal charge current course in the method according to FIG. 3, and FIG.
  • Fig. 5 is a Figs. 3 and 4 corresponding representation for illustrating a method according to the invention forlotpreparing concerns, according to a further embodiment.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The details of a method illustrated by FIGS. 1 and 2 for comparison of battery cells and their disadvantages have already been explained above.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a method improved with regard to the time required for comparison, which can be carried out, for example, in the case of the battery arrangement shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 3 is a FIG. 2 corresponding representation of the time course of cell voltages U during the Ver ⁇ gleichdorfrien, wherein for simplicity, only the minimum cell voltage Ucmin and the maximum cell voltage are shown Ucmax half of the cell voltages in question.
  • a charging current I (FIG. 4) when the overvoltage condition is reached (Ucmax reaches the upper threshold Ubon) is not reduced to zero but to a non-zero value Ibal.
  • the current I is reduced in this embodiment to an extent that can be derived by the discharge resistors or bypass resistors 20, without causing a voltage increase of the cells in question or a thermal overloading of the resistors.
  • the cells 16, showing still no overvoltage is loaded Ibal with the reduced (small) current until these a desired voltage (eg. As "overvoltage”) show that the cells with ver ⁇ tively low voltage are active recharged , In the illustrated embodiment, this process takes so long until a predetermined "Verticiannzoistskrite ⁇ um" is reached.
  • dashed lines also show the voltage or current characteristics of the initially disadvantageous method explained at the beginning.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates, in a combined time progression diagram of the cell voltages U and of the charging current I, an alternative possibility of reducing the time required for the comparison of the cells 16.
  • the charging current I is not immediately redu ⁇ sheet if the overvoltage condition for the maximum cell voltage Ucmax is achieved. Rather, a wake is then activated, which still let a certain amount of charge flow into the cells 16. Only when the cell voltages of the remaining cells meet a predetermined criterion, the charging current is reduced (here: switched off).
  • the predetermined criterion may, for. For example, all cells may reach (or exceed) the lower threshold Uboff. In this method, the cell with the maximum cell voltage is temporarily overcharged (to a voltage Umax), which is, however, in practice largely acceptable by the timely discharge of the cell in question.
  • the reduction of the charging current is then drawn at the latest when the maximum cell voltage Ucmax has reached a "short time to ⁇ lassige maximum voltage", said maximum voltage should be chosen so that the short-term overloading of a cell their life does not lastingly impaired. After expiry of a predetermined waiting time or on fulfillment of a restart criterion, the comparison measuring process can then be continued again.
  • the caster is allowed depending on the battery temperature, ie in particular z. B. no caster at relatively high temperatures (above a certain temperature threshold) is allowed. This may help to avoid over-stressing the cells by the comparison measurement process (high voltages and high temperature often have a negative effect on the life of battery cells).
  • the time required can be reduced without additional hardware expenditure.
  • the shortening of the required period can be achieved by an improved strigosus the type described.
  • the shortening of the comparison measurement process advantageously increases the time availability of the relevant battery. Since thedemandaviigen expediently takes place in the vicinity of the battery allowable maximum voltage, this process should be the voltage level of the battery we ⁇ be kept approximately remedies while. This has the consequence that a current consumption during the comparison should be avoided. In one embodiment, it is provided that, when a current drain is required, a possibly ongoing comparison measurement process is aborted. Due to the more rapid comparison carried out according to the invention, the average performance of the system also increases in case of any abortions of comparison measures since the individual cell voltages are already more closely matched by the proposed methods than at the "two-point control" described above ".

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'homogénéisation de plusieurs cellules (16) d'une batterie (10) montées en série, par chargement de la batterie (10) au moyen d'un courant de chargement ('équilibrage de cellules'). Le procédé selon l'invention est réalisé de manière à pouvoir être exécuté de façon particulièrement rapide. Le principe de base du procédé consiste à réduire le temps nécessaire à l'homogénéisation par suppression de phases temporelles au cours desquelles des cellules (16) à tension de cellule relativement faible ne sont pas rechargées. L'invention concerne également un dispositif de commande de chargement (12, 18) destiné à la mise en oeuvre du procédé.
PCT/EP2008/060225 2007-09-07 2008-08-04 Procédé d'homogénéisation de plusieurs cellules d'une batterie montées en série, et dispositif de commande de chargement pour une telle batterie WO2009033889A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007042578.5 2007-09-07
DE102007042578A DE102007042578B4 (de) 2007-09-07 2007-09-07 Verfahren zum Vergleichmäßigen von mehreren, in Reihe geschalteten Zellen einer Batterie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009033889A1 true WO2009033889A1 (fr) 2009-03-19

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WO (1) WO2009033889A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPWO2013008408A1 (ja) * 2011-07-08 2015-02-23 Ｎｅｃエナジーデバイス株式会社 充電制御システム、電池パックおよび充電方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015209131A1 (de) 2015-05-19 2016-11-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb einer aufladbaren Batteriezelle und Batteriesteuergerät
DE102018214066A1 (de) * 2018-08-21 2020-02-27 Siemens Mobility GmbH Verfahren zum Parallelschalten von zumindest zwei Batterien und Schaltvorrichtung

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5283512A (en) * 1992-04-13 1994-02-01 Hughes Aircraft Company Charge balancing of batteries during charging
WO1999005767A1 (fr) * 1997-07-25 1999-02-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Systeme et procede d'equilibrage pour dispositifs d'accumulation d'energie branches en serie
US6271646B1 (en) * 2000-07-05 2001-08-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Battery cell by-pass circuit
US6417646B1 (en) * 2001-05-22 2002-07-09 Honeywell International Inc. Circuit for monitoring cells of a multi-cell battery during charge

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10100945B4 (de) * 2001-01-10 2004-12-02 Institut für Mikroelektronik- und Mechatronik-Systeme gGmbH Verfahren und Anordnung zum Laden von seriell geschalteten Batteriezellen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5283512A (en) * 1992-04-13 1994-02-01 Hughes Aircraft Company Charge balancing of batteries during charging
WO1999005767A1 (fr) * 1997-07-25 1999-02-04 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Systeme et procede d'equilibrage pour dispositifs d'accumulation d'energie branches en serie
US6271646B1 (en) * 2000-07-05 2001-08-07 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Battery cell by-pass circuit
US6417646B1 (en) * 2001-05-22 2002-07-09 Honeywell International Inc. Circuit for monitoring cells of a multi-cell battery during charge

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPWO2013008408A1 (ja) * 2011-07-08 2015-02-23 Ｎｅｃエナジーデバイス株式会社 充電制御システム、電池パックおよび充電方法

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DE102007042578B4 (de) 2012-12-20
DE102007042578A1 (de) 2009-03-19

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