WO2009030793A1

WO2009030793A1 - Pressure-intensifying mechanism

Info

Publication number: WO2009030793A1
Application number: PCT/ES2008/000573
Authority: WO
Inventors: Mauricio Eduardo Mulet Martinez
Original assignee: Romeral Cabeza, Angel
Priority date: 2007-08-27
Filing date: 2008-08-27
Publication date: 2009-03-12

Abstract

The invention relates to a pressure-intensifying mechanism consisting of two chambers mounted one inside the other and including two cylinders and two pistons which are interconnected in a particular manner between the two chambers and which can be used to increase the pressure in the fluid and maintain same in the inner chamber. The outer chamber draws in a quantity of fluid Qa at a pressure Pa, returns a quantity Qm less than or equal to Qa at a pressure Pm less than Pa and delivers a quantity equal to Qa - Qm at a pressure greater than Pa. Multiple mechanisms can be mounted in series. There are two types of in-series mounting arrangements. The first arrangement is that commonly used, in which each mechanism remains outside the other. In the other arrangement one mechanism contains another internally connected mechanism which in turn contains another and so on, such that any pressure can be obtained without being limited by the material used to construct the chambers or the size of the sample.

Description

PRESSURE MULTIPLIER MECHANISM

DESCRIPTIVE MEMORY

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a pair of chambers, which work with fluid, with a mechanism inside which has the characteristic of increasing the pressure. They can be mounted in series so that it is possible to multiply the pressure to very high levels, without having as a limitation the tension of the material with which it is constructed, so that any sample or pieces that you want to observe or modify can be subjected to very high pressure in some of its properties.

DESCRIPTION OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

There is the "diamond anvil cell" technique where the highest pressure is used experimentally, because the conditions generated from very high pressures reach a very small volume, because it is achieved by storing the sample between two diamonds, one above and another from below, surrounded by a sheet. It is used experimentally, in studying superconductors, semiconductors and varied characteristics that present various materials in extreme pressure conditions; It is used in simulating pressure conditions that would have different materials inside the earth, in the elaboration of diamond dust, etc.

We can also cite the techniques of manufacturing sintered parts. The material to constitute the piece is ground, they can have different compositions that are mixed, then put into elements that serve as molds and pressure is made, the whole piece being in a mold. It has the disadvantage that the steel parts are porous, they are not resistant because it has a serious pressure limitation. It is used in polymeric materials to manufacture parts that are not subject to greater tensile stress. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Pressure multiplier mechanism, which mounted in series; one inside the other, allows to obtain any pressure without being limited by the material that the chambers are constructed nor of the size of the sample to reach the desired pressure.

Given a pressure P1, which can be achieved with a pump, the system generates conditions so that in the environment that is the pressure P1, with a new "motor" and "pump", pressures P2, higher than P1, and stay in a new chamber 2, which is inside the chamber 1. Then, with a new mechanism, increase the pressure to P3, then to P4 and so on.

The pressure can be used for the manufacture of pieces of sintered material at very high pressures; manufacture of parts with new materials such as synthetic diamond; manufacture of material for drugs, pressure washer using the new technique to raise pressure, etc.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The pressure multiplier mechanism works viewed from the outside, as a device, which is entering a fluid flow rate at a given pressure and delivers a portion of the lower pressure fluid flow rate and with the energy released by this portion, it serves so that the other portion of the fluid flow obtain a higher pressure.

The pressure multiplier mechanism has two chambers, one inside the other and a system consisting of two cylinders with their respective pistons or pistons that work simultaneously. First a description of the cylinders and pistons will be made. Then you will see how a pressure multiplier mechanism is mounted with another and this in turn with another and so on, finally some variants of the mechanism are seen.

Imagine we have a cylinder with its respective piston. They are two pieces: one is the piston or piston and the other is the cylinder that is closed at one end. We have another cylinder, closed at one end and we attached it to the piston, by means of a rod so that the piston is at one end and a cylinder at the other end. We have another piston and we connect it with a rod to the other cylinder. In summary we have two solid pieces, each of which has a cylinder at one end and a piston at the other. We will call it a cylinder-piston or piston-cylinder and each piston is mounted inside its respective cylinder; so that it is not possible for one piston to work independently of the other. To assemble them, at least one piston cylinder must be constructed of two pieces that are solidly mounted. One part does not move with respect to the other, forming a piston cylinder as a solid piece. Alternatively, it may be that the two cylinders constitute a part and the two pistons another, so that when a piston works inside a cylinder, the other piston simultaneously works with the other cylinder.

The cylinder-pistons go inside the outer chamber, but outside the inner chamber. Both cylinders have two flexible pipes: one that brings the liquid to the cylinder and another where the liquid comes out of the cylinder. A cylinder acts as a pump because it brings liquid under pressure Pa and raises the pressure to Pb, greater than Pa and leaves it in the inner chamber. The other cylinder acts as an engine because it lowers the pressure of Pa to Pm and leaves it outside the outer chamber, which allows the pressure in the pump to rise. We began to introduce liquid under pressure Pa, with any pump that is outside the chambers. At the beginning, the pressure in the mechanism is zero, so that the mechanism does not work until the pressure inside the outer chamber is at least equal to Pa. Once Pa is reached, the VIM valve for fluid entering the engine acts . The VIM valve can be attached to the wall of the chamber or to one of the cylinders, in the latter case it must be connected to the bar of the pressure differential sensor CDP, so that it transmits the deformation of the chamber. Or another mechanism that transmits the pressure difference. Simultaneously the pump cylinder starts working. It starts to filling liquid from the chamber itself through a simple VR check valve. When the expansion stroke ends, the VIM valve is closed and the engine evacuation valve, VEM, is opened by a mechanism that activates it when it reaches the top of the cylinder. The liquid that has the engine cylinder is released out of the external chamber and simultaneously begins to discharge the pump cylinder through another VR check valve, to the chamber that is inside, chamber 2, at a pressure greater than Pa Once the evacuation stroke ends, the VEM valve is closed by the mechanism indicated by another stop. The chamber 1 will have lowered the pressure slightly, because the pump pumped into the inner chamber or chamber 2 and the motor evacuated outwardly from the outer chamber or chamber 1, therefore the pressure Pa will have to be recovered first in the chamber 1, to continue with another pumping to chamber 2. There will be so many pumping to chamber 2 until it reaches pressure Pb.

One aspect that must be taken into account is that the cameras are compressible; that is, change its volume with the liquid under pressure. The liquid is also compressible, because its specific volume changes with the pressure. This is a desirable and necessary characteristic of the chamber and the liquid, because the pressure multiplier mechanism cannot work inside the chambers, if they are not compressible. An alternative is to simulate that the liquid is compressible by introducing to the liquid within chamber 1 a rubber sphere that will be inflated with a gas, which if compressible in the range of pressures you are working on.

A characteristic of the engine is that unlike all the usual engines, it does work on the pump, when the engine cylinder contracts. This is because strictly speaking, the engine cylinder delivers its energy to the chamber fluid when it is filling and after the chamber fluid passes to the pump cylinder, when it is evacuated at higher pressure to the next chamber and the engine cylinder evacuates to the exterior of the cylinder 1. Another aspect that attracts attention is that the mechanism does not have a crankshaft or connecting rods or axle. It is not a moment of torsion because of what It needs to be attached to a base, as usual in engines and pumps. It is suspended in the liquid inside the chambers by flexible pipes.

The chamber 2 has a simple VR check valve, so that liquid enters but cannot exit and has a VDS ₁ discharge or safety valve so that if the pressure inside the chamber exceeds a relative pressure value , preset, lets liquid escape into the anterior chamber. If, instead of having an empty chamber 2, we put a pressure multiplier mechanism using chamber 2 as chamber 1 of the new smaller pressure multiplier mechanism, a system with three chambers would remain and if we put another pressure multiplier mechanism internally and so on until there are N mechanisms mounted in series, so that it is possible to multiply the pressure to values that exceed the resistance of any material.

VARIANTS Instead of being pistons and pistons they can be bellows or a hydraulic motor for example of gears, connected with a hydraulic pump for example of vanes, which operate at relatively low pressure. Another variant of the system is that the operation of the mechanism can be with liquid or gas or both. This may be working with a gas, steam at 100 ⁰ C for example, and to make the operation a portion will increase the pressure and part of the steam condenses inside the cylinder when the pressure rises. To separate the gas from the liquid, it has a trick valve through which the liquid comes out.

EQUIPMENT

VIM Engine Inlet Valve: This valve acts upon entering the liquid that feeds the mechanism from outside the chambers and discharges it into the chamber outside the cylinder, if the pressure is lower than a preset value or inside the engine cylinder if the pressure is equal to or greater than the preset value. This valve acts by a captor of the pressure difference CDP between the chamber and outside and is adjusted so that the liquid is derived to the engine if it reaches the preset value.

CDP pressure differential sensor: This sensor works with the deformation that the walls of the chamber undergoes when receiving pressure. The higher the pressure, the greater the deformation. This captor basically consists of a long bar that is inside the chamber, with one end fixed to the chamber and the other free. By pressure difference between the chamber and the outside, the chamber is deformed by moving the free end; activating the VIM valve, which is fixed to the edge of the engine chamber. VEM engine exhaust valve: This valve allows the discharge of the engine cylinder. When the plunger reaches its maximum; a stop, the valve is activated allowing the discharge to the outside of the chamber. When it reaches a minimum; another stop, the valve is closed and allows filling again. Discharge or safety valve VDS: This valve is activated only if the pressure difference sensor between the chambers and the anterior chamber acts, enough to deform the chamber. A thin bar is housed inside the chamber so that it has a fixed end to the chamber and the other operates a check valve, fixed to the chamber, only if the deformation of the chamber is high enough.

Simple VR check valve: It is a valve that passes liquid only in one direction. In the entrance of liquid to the pump, in the discharge of the pump and at the entrance of the chamber there is a simple VR check valve. It is so that it never allows more pressure in a chamber that is more outside

Cylinder-pistons: Two pistons and two cylinders, rigidly connected, so that when a piston is moved in its cylinder, the other piston must be moved in its cylinder. There is a mechanism between the two cameras. VRS simple check valve and discharge or safety valve VDS: They are mounted in the inner chamber. The RSV is so that the liquid between the liquid and the VDS is so that the pressure is not exceeded. Bar outside the cylinder: It is a bar that is mounted fixed to a cylinder and activates or deactivates the exhaust valves of the VEM engine, which is fixed in the other cylinder.

Claims

1.- Two chambers (10,11), one inside the other, between which two bellows or two cylinders and two pistons (20,21) work, which are interconnected so that they work simultaneously, one acts as an engine and the other pump CHARACTERIZED because chamber 1 is fed, from outside at a pressure Pa or slightly higher, than when it is reached in chamber 1 (10), the pistons with the cylinders (20,21) begin to act; the "engine" begins to expand through the liquid that enters through the intake valve to the VIM engine, and the "pump", which is attached to the engine, also begins to expand with liquid that enters at pressure Pa, by a simple VR check valve; when the expansion stroke ends, the engine evacuation valve, VEM, is opened by a mechanism that activates it when it reaches the top of the cylinder (TC), which releases the liquid that the engine cylinder has outwards and simultaneously begins to unload the pump cylinder, to the chamber 2 (11) that is inside, at a pressure greater than Pa; once the evacuation stroke ends, the larger chamber 1 (10) will have lowered the pressure slightly, because the pump pumped into the inner chamber 2 and the motor evacuated outwardly from the larger chamber 1 (10), therefore both, first, the pressure Pa will have to be recovered in the larger chamber 1 (10), to continue with another pumping to the inner chamber 2 (11).

2.- Two chambers (10,11), one inside the other, between which two bellows or two cylinders and two pistons (20,21) work, which are interconnected so that they work simultaneously, one acts as an engine and the other to bomb CHARACTERIZED because the cameras have a viewfinder, interconnection of electric cables, which makes it possible to communicate the exterior with the interior, without the need to decompress; because the chambers have VR check valves, which does not allow for lower pressure inside; because the cameras have safety valve VS that the relative pressure that the chamber has above a defined value cannot be.

3.- Two chambers (10,11), one inside the other, between which two bellows or two cylinders and two pistons (20,21) work, which are interconnected so that they work simultaneously, one acts as an engine and the other pump CHARACTERIZED because it is possible to connect the chambers with their pressure multiplier mechanisms, in series, replacing each inner chamber (11) with a pressure multiplier mechanism.