WO2009030304A1 - Procede et appareil d'exploitation d'agencement de piles a combustible sous enceinte a recyclage d'air d'echappement contenant de l'hydrogene dans la cathode - Google Patents

Procede et appareil d'exploitation d'agencement de piles a combustible sous enceinte a recyclage d'air d'echappement contenant de l'hydrogene dans la cathode Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009030304A1
WO2009030304A1 PCT/EP2008/005671 EP2008005671W WO2009030304A1 WO 2009030304 A1 WO2009030304 A1 WO 2009030304A1 EP 2008005671 W EP2008005671 W EP 2008005671W WO 2009030304 A1 WO2009030304 A1 WO 2009030304A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
air
supply line
housing
fuel cells
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/005671
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Gerald Hornburg
Arne Knoblauch
Markus Pabst
Original Assignee
Daimler Ag
Ford Global Technologies, Llc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler Ag, Ford Global Technologies, Llc filed Critical Daimler Ag
Publication of WO2009030304A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009030304A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04231—Purging of the reactants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
    • H01M8/2475—Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for operation of a fuel cell arrangement having a plurality of fuel cells which are combined to form a stack and have a common cathode input and cathode output, as well as a common anode input and anode output, and having first components which supply the fuel cells with reactants and second components which process the reaction products of the fuel cells .
  • Fuel cell arrangements having a plurality of fuel cells or individual fuel cells are used to generate electricity with low emission of hazardous substances.
  • the fuel cells which each have an anode and a cathode, on the one hand have a reactant containing hydrogen supplied to them as fuel, and on the other hand have a reactant containing oxygen supplied to them as the oxidant.
  • the reaction product of the oxidation processes in the fuel cell is an air flow which emerges from the fuel cell and is loaded with water vapor and condensed water.
  • fresh air is first of all compressed in a compressor as the oxidant for the gas supply to the cathode, and is then cooled down in a boost air cooler.
  • the air then flows into a humidifier module in which it absorbs water vapor from a cathode exhaust gas, flowing out on the cathode side, of the fuel cell, or of a fuel cell stack.
  • the humidified fresh air is then passed into the fuel cell or the fuel cell stack, where it takes part in the electrochemical reaction.
  • the cathode exhaust gas which emerges on the cathode side is then supplied to the humidifier module where it emits its water vapor to the air supplying the cathode.
  • the cathode exhaust gas is then supplied to an exhaust gas turbine.
  • the anode of the fuel cell arrangement is supplied over-stoichiometrically via a metering valve with hydrogen as a fuel from a hydrogen reservoir.
  • Hydrogen that has not reacted and nitrogen and water vapor passed to the cathode are compressed to the pressure level of the fresh gas again, by means of a fan (also referred to as a recirculation fan) , and are fed into the hydrogen supply flow once again, via a feedback path.
  • One or more components - water reservoir, individual fuel cells, fuel cells combined to form a stack, humidifier, boost air cooler, fuel reservoir, coolant reservoir and/or electronic control systems - is or are normally surrounded by a common housing or in each case by a separate housing for protection against mechanical damage and/or environmental influences, such as water spray or dirt.
  • the housing which surrounds the housing interior with the component or components is in general ventilated.
  • the housing is provided with an apparatus for air exchange, which supplies fresh air to the input side of the housing and carries exhaust air away into the environment, via an exhaust air line, on the outlet side.
  • Emissions of gaseous hydrogen from the exhaust gas lines of the fuel cell or cells during operation of the fuel cell or fuel cell arrangement during operation can form flammable mixtures in the area surrounding the exhaust gas line from the housing.
  • the air flow emerging from the fuel cell is loaded with water vapor and condensed water as a reaction product of the oxidation processes in the fuel cell.
  • the condensed water droplets can be precipitated in the interior of the housing as a result of leakage caused by damage or ageing processes in the fuel cells or the line system. This can lead to erosion on the fuel cells and/or on inlet and outlet lines.
  • the water condensation and water which results from it and is present in the housing interior may also affect the conductivity of the housing internal atmosphere and the insulation effect, therefore adversely affecting the safety of the fuel cell or fuel cell arrangement with regard to the requirements to be complied with, for example short-circuit resistance, gas tightness and/or water tightness.
  • WO 02/23657 A2 discloses a fuel cell arrangement in which the housing of the fuel cells is purged, in order to avoid water condensation and/or the formation of flammable mixtures, by pumping a purging medium, in particular air, in a closed circuit through the housing.
  • the purging medium is in this case passed through a recombiner in which the hydrogen emerging from the exhaust gas flow from fuel cells is catalytically reacted with oxygen to form water.
  • One object of the invention is therefore to specify a better method for operation of a fuel cell arrangement, in which the formation of flammable gas mixtures in the area surrounding the housing is largely avoided.
  • a further object is to specify a suitable apparatus for operation of a fuel cell arrangement .
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by features specified in claim 1.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in claim 7.
  • exhaust air containing hydrogen is carried out of at least one housing, in which one or more of the components and/or the fuel cells is or are arranged, and is passed into a cathode supply line for a cathode input.
  • the exhaust air which is carried out of the housing is mixed with a gas containing oxygen, for example fresh air or oxygen, upstream of the cathode input.
  • the mixed gas is then supplied to the cathode, as gas containing oxygen.
  • the hydrogen which is contained in the exhaust air is then largely dissipated by catalytic oxidation at cathodes of the fuel cells, thus on the one hand safely avoiding water condensation in the housing interior, and on the other hand safely avoiding the formation of flammable mixtures.
  • components of the fuel cell arrangement themselves, like the cathodes are used for catalytic conversion of the hydrogen that is carried away, instead of using additional purification elements, such as recombiners. This allows the hydrogen that is carried away to be reduced simply and safely, avoiding a complex recirculation circuit.
  • the exhaust air is introduced into the cathode supply line upstream of or downstream from a compressor which is arranged in the cathode supply line.
  • the use of the gas which contains oxygen and is carried in the cathode circuit or in the cathode supply line as a purging medium for the housing interior results in a simple design which requires few supplies and/or components.
  • the reduced number of components in an open purging circuit such as this considerably reduces the number of serving intervals resulting from the housing purging process.
  • the supply air is preferably tapped off downstream from an air filter, which is arranged in the cathode supply line or in the cathode circuit, and is supplied to the housing.
  • the housing is therefore supplied with largely purified air, thus further reducing the formation of flammable gas mixtures at the exhaust air outlet of the housing.
  • an exhaust inlet line for carrying away exhaust air that contains hydrogen originates from a housing, which surrounds one or more components and/or the fuel cell arrangement opening into a cathode supply line for the cathode input.
  • a direct link such as this from the exhaust air line of the housing into the cathode supply line for the cathode ensures reliable reduction and dissipation of the hydrogen contained in the exhaust air.
  • the exhaust air line preferably opens into the cathode supply line upstream of the cathode input.
  • an air feeding device for example a compressor, can be arranged in the exhaust air line.
  • a further embodiment provides that the exhaust air line opens into the cathode supply line upstream of or downstream from a compressor which is arranged in the cathode supply line.
  • An air supply line preferably opens into the housing, in order to ventilate it.
  • the air supply line can be supplied directly with environmental air.
  • the air supply line can be tapped off from a cathode circuit or from the cathode supply line, opening into the housing.
  • the gas which contains oxygen and is carried in the cathode circuit or in the cathode supply line is used to ventilate the housing.
  • the air supply line is tapped off from the cathode circuit downstream from an air filter which is arranged in the cathode circuit. This ensures that a purified gas or purified environmental air is used for purging or venting the housing.
  • Figure 1 shows a fuel cell arrangement having a plurality of components and at least one housing, which surrounds one or more components and is ventilated.
  • FIG. 1 shows a fuel cell arrangement 1.
  • the fuel cell arrangement 1 has a plurality of interconnected fuel cells which are arranged one above the other to form a stack 2.
  • each fuel cell has a cathode 3 and an anode 4 as an electrode pair, and an electrolyte which is arranged between them, but is not illustrated in any more detail, for example in the form of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM for short), which together form a membrane electrode arrangement (or MEA for short) .
  • PEM polymer electrolyte membrane
  • the cathodes 3 and the anodes 4 of all the fuel cells in the stack 2 are in this case fed via a common cathode input 3.1 and anode input 4.1, respectively, with an oxidant OM and a fuel BS.
  • the reaction products RM emerging from the fuel cells are carried away via a respectively associated cathode output 3.2 and anode output 4.2.
  • the fuel BS and the oxidant OM are used as reactants.
  • Gaseous reactants are generally used, for example hydrogen or a gas containing hydrogen (for example reformat gas) as fuel BS and oxygen or gas containing oxygen (for example air) as the oxidant, OM.
  • the expression reactants means all substances which are involved in the electrochemical reaction, including the reaction products RP, such as an air flow with water vapor and condensed water.
  • a cathode supply line 5 opens into the cathode input 3.1, in which cathode supply line 5 an air filter 6 for cleaning the fresh air and a compressor 7 for compressing the fresh air are arranged on the flow input side.
  • the fuel BS is supplied to the respective anode 4 of the fuel cells via a common anode supply line 8.
  • the fuel BS is taken from a reservoir 9.
  • the reaction product RP that is carried away, and contains hydrogen is supplied to the anode input 4.1 again via a feedback path 10 and a recirculation pump 11 arranged therein .
  • the fuel cell arrangement 1 its components, such as the stack 2 and/or the components which supply the fuel cells, such as the air filter 6, compressor 7, reservoir 9 and/or the components which process the reaction products RP from the fuel cells, such as a recirculation pump 11, are surrounded by separate housings 12.1 to 12.3 or by a common housing (not illustrated in any more detail) .
  • flammable mixtures may be formed by hydrogen or a gas containing hydrogen entering the respective housing interior, and/or water condensation can occur as a result of water vapor therein, resulting in the safety requirements no longer being complied with.
  • the respective housings 12.1 to 12.3 can be ventilated in order to avoid the formation of flammable gas mixtures and/or water condensation.
  • the housings 12.1 to 12.3 around the associated components are on the one hand shown represented by solid lines.
  • the configuration of the ventilation for the housing or housings 12.1 to 12.3 is shown separately by a dashed - dotted representation, in order to assist clarity.
  • exhaust air AL from the housing or the relevant housings 12.1 to 12.3 is carried via at least one exhaust air line 13 into the cathode supply line 5, where it is mixed with the oxidant OM and is supplied to the cathodes 3, where the hydrogen contained in the exhaust air AL is dissipated by catalytic oxidation on the cathodes 3.
  • the exhaust air line 13 opens into the cathode supply line 5 downstream from the air filter 6 and upstream of the compressor 7.
  • the exhaust air line 13 can also open into the cathode supply line 5 downstream from the compressor 7 and therefore directly upstream of the cathode input 3.1.
  • the oxidant OM can be supplied to the respective housing 12.1 to 12.3 as supply air ZL.
  • an air supply line 14 is tapped off from the cathode supply line 5.
  • the air supply line 14 is preferably tapped off from the cathode supply line 5 downstream from the air filter 6.
  • fresh air or environmental air can be supplied directly as supply air ZL to the respective housing 12.1 to 12.3.
  • an air feed device 15 for example a pump, can be arranged in the exhaust air line 13.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil d'exploitation d'un agencement de piles à combustible (1) comprenant une pluralité de piles à combustibles combinées pour former un empilement (2) et pourvues d'une entrée de cathode (3.1) et d'une sortie de cathode (3.2) communes, ainsi que d'une entrée d'anode (4.1) et d'une sortie d'anode (4.2) communes, et comprenant des premiers composants destinés à alimenter les piles à combustible au moyen de réactifs et des deuxièmes composants destinés à traiter les produits de réaction (RP) des piles. Selon l'invention, l'air d'échappement (AL) contenant de l'hydrogène est transporté en dehors d'au moins un logement (12.1 à 12.3) dans lequel au moins un des composants et/ou des piles à combustibles est/sont disposé(s), puis l'air est conduit dans une ligne d'alimentation de cathode (5) jusqu'à l'entrée de cathode (3.1).
PCT/EP2008/005671 2007-09-07 2008-07-11 Procede et appareil d'exploitation d'agencement de piles a combustible sous enceinte a recyclage d'air d'echappement contenant de l'hydrogene dans la cathode WO2009030304A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007042784A DE102007042784A1 (de) 2007-09-07 2007-09-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenanordnung
DE102007042784.2 2007-09-07

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/451,756 A-371-Of-International US20100275709A1 (en) 2007-05-30 2008-05-30 Method of providing a predetermined backlash for a transmission, a first toothed gear and a method for applying a sheet of spacer material to at least part of an upright sidewall of a first toothed gear
US14/196,064 Continuation US20140245851A1 (en) 2007-05-30 2014-03-04 Method of providing a predetermined backlash for a transmission, a first toothed gear and a method for applying a sheet of spacer material to at least part of an upright sidewall of a first toothed gear

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009030304A1 true WO2009030304A1 (fr) 2009-03-12

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PCT/EP2008/005671 WO2009030304A1 (fr) 2007-09-07 2008-07-11 Procede et appareil d'exploitation d'agencement de piles a combustible sous enceinte a recyclage d'air d'echappement contenant de l'hydrogene dans la cathode

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102007042784A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009030304A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111403777A (zh) * 2020-04-01 2020-07-10 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 电堆壳体的通风换气系统

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010006020A1 (de) 2010-01-28 2011-09-15 Daimler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102010023671A1 (de) 2010-06-12 2011-12-15 Daimler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem mit einer in einem Gehäuse angeordneten Brennstoffzelle
DE102015014562A1 (de) 2015-11-11 2017-05-11 Daimler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0398111A1 (fr) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-22 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Dispositif pour convertir de l'énergie chimique d'hydrocarbures en énergie électrique au moyen d'un procédé électrochimique à haute température
US5856034A (en) * 1994-07-16 1999-01-05 Mtu Mortoren-Und Turbinen-Union Method and device for operating a fuel cell system
WO2005099017A2 (fr) * 2004-04-05 2005-10-20 Ballard Power Systems Inc Gestion de liberation de combustible pour systemes de piles a combustible
WO2008083706A1 (fr) * 2007-01-08 2008-07-17 Daimler Ag Système de cellules à combustible à émissions réduites

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002023657A2 (fr) 2000-09-15 2002-03-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ensemble de piles a combustible, et procede pour faire fonctionner un ensemble de piles a combustible

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0398111A1 (fr) * 1989-05-18 1990-11-22 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Dispositif pour convertir de l'énergie chimique d'hydrocarbures en énergie électrique au moyen d'un procédé électrochimique à haute température
US5856034A (en) * 1994-07-16 1999-01-05 Mtu Mortoren-Und Turbinen-Union Method and device for operating a fuel cell system
WO2005099017A2 (fr) * 2004-04-05 2005-10-20 Ballard Power Systems Inc Gestion de liberation de combustible pour systemes de piles a combustible
WO2008083706A1 (fr) * 2007-01-08 2008-07-17 Daimler Ag Système de cellules à combustible à émissions réduites

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111403777A (zh) * 2020-04-01 2020-07-10 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 电堆壳体的通风换气系统
CN111403777B (zh) * 2020-04-01 2022-04-22 广西玉柴机器股份有限公司 电堆壳体的通风换气系统

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Publication number Publication date
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