WO2009024815A2 - Système d'échappement - Google Patents

Système d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009024815A2
WO2009024815A2 PCT/GB2008/050706 GB2008050706W WO2009024815A2 WO 2009024815 A2 WO2009024815 A2 WO 2009024815A2 GB 2008050706 W GB2008050706 W GB 2008050706W WO 2009024815 A2 WO2009024815 A2 WO 2009024815A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust system
emission control
control device
exhaust
pipe
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2008/050706
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2009024815A3 (fr
Inventor
Klaus Rusch
Clive Telford
Nicholas Sever-Topping
Original Assignee
Emcon Technologies Germany (Augsburg) Gmbh
Emcon Technologies Uk Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emcon Technologies Germany (Augsburg) Gmbh, Emcon Technologies Uk Limited filed Critical Emcon Technologies Germany (Augsburg) Gmbh
Publication of WO2009024815A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009024815A2/fr
Publication of WO2009024815A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009024815A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
    • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
    • B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
    • B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/32—Injector mixers wherein the additional components are added in a by-pass of the main flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/45—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads
    • B01F25/452—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces
    • B01F25/4521—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube
    • B01F25/45211—Mixers in which the materials to be mixed are pressed together through orifices or interstitial spaces, e.g. between beads characterised by elements provided with orifices or interstitial spaces the components being pressed through orifices in elements, e.g. flat plates or cylinders, which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube the elements being cylinders or cones which obstruct the whole diameter of the tube, the flow changing from axial in radial and again in axial
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
    • F01N13/017—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/082—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases passing through porous members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
    • F01N1/084—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling the gases flowing through the silencer two or more times longitudinally in opposite directions, e.g. using parallel or concentric tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/22—Inlet and outlet tubes being positioned on the same side of the apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/08—Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2033—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust system in particular for use with a diesel internal combustion engine.
  • Diesel internal combustion engines produce various pollutants including NO x and soot.
  • DPF diesel particulate filter
  • the DPF operates to remove soot whereas the SCR catalyst operates to remove NO x .
  • a liquid reagent in this case a reducing agent, such as urea is injected into the exhaust gas upstream of the SCR catalyst but downstream of the reducing agent, such as urea is injected into the exhaust gas upstream of the SCR catalyst but downstream of the reducing agent, such as urea is injected into the exhaust gas upstream of the SCR catalyst but downstream of the reducing agent, such as urea is injected into the exhaust gas upstream of the SCR catalyst but downstream of the
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a system that efficiently mixes a liquid with an exhaust gas.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment according to the present invention
  • FIGS 2 to 14 show further schematic views of further embodiments according to the present invention.
  • an exhaust system 20 and an internal combustion diesel engine 22 Exhaust gases exiting from the diesel engine 22 enter the exhaust system 20 via exhaust inlet 8 and then pass through an emission control device in the form of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) 1. Upon exiting the DPF the exhaust gases pass through an injecting/mixing region 24 before entering a catalytic emission control device in the form of a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst 2. Exhaust gases then exit the SCR catalyst and exit the exhaust system via exhaust outlet 9 to atmosphere.
  • DPF diesel particulate filter
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • the DPF is made from an extruded ceramic material.
  • the DPF has a series of longitudinal tubes, half of which are blanked off at the inlet end 30 and the other half of which are blanked off at the outlet end 31.
  • the exhaust gas therefore must pass through a tube wall when flowing through the exhaust system, the tube walls being porous and acting to filter any soot within the exhaust gas.
  • the cross section of the DPF is circular.
  • the injecting/mixing region 24 has several components as follows.
  • a collecting chamber 40 is defined between the outlet end 31 of the DPF and the outer wall 41 and inner wall 42.
  • a contraction area 44 is defined by outer tube 45.
  • An expansion area 47 is defined between inner wall 42, outer wall 41 and inlet end 34 of the SCR catalyst.
  • the SCR catalyst is also a ceramic material made by extrusion.
  • the SCR catalyst includes several tubes which, in this case, are open at both ends, i.e. open at inlet end 34 and open at outlet end 35.
  • the exhaust system includes an inlet expansion area 50 and outlet expansion area 51.
  • the cross section of the flow path in the inlet expansion area 50 is larger than the cross section of the exhaust inlet pipe 8, so that as the exhaust gas passes from the exhaust inlet pipe 8 to the inlet expansion area 50 it expands.
  • the open area of the inlet end 30 of the DPF 1 is typically 20% to 40%. This is because, as mentioned above, half of the tubes are blocked and the tubes have a defined wall thickness. Thus, when the exhaust gas is passed from the inlet expansion area 50 into the DPF 1 it inevitably contracts.
  • the exhaust gases Upon exiting the DPF into the collecting chamber 40, the exhaust gases will expand.
  • the collecting chamber collects the gases together and passes them through outer tube 45 and inner tube 46. It will be appreciated that the cross section area of the outer tube 45 is smaller than the flow of cross section area in the collecting chamber 40 and hence as the gases pass through the contraction area 44 they will inevitably be contracted.
  • the open area of inlet end 34 of the SCR catalyst is typically between 50% and 65% and hence the exhaust gases will contract as they enter the SCR catalyst.
  • inner tube 46 includes a bell mouth portion 55, a curved portion 56 and a straight portion 57.
  • the bell mouth portion 55 acts as a convergent section and, in this case is frustoconical.
  • the curved portion acts to turn that part A2 of the gas flow through 90 degrees.
  • a static mixer 4 is provided at the junction between the curved portion 56 and straight portion 57.
  • a reducing agent injector 3 is provided mounted on outer wall 42. It is orientated so as to spray reducing agent 3 A into inner tube 46.
  • a funnel 60 ensures that all the reducing agent enters the inner tube 46.
  • the injector is an airless injector, i.e. an injector that only injects the reducing agent and does not inject air.
  • the injector is a single phase injector since it only injects a liquid and does not inject a gas.
  • the reducing agent injector could be an air assisted injector i.e. an injector that injects both reducing agent and compressed air, the compressed air acting as the means for propelling the reducing agent.
  • Such an injector is a twin phase injector since it injects both a liquid and a gas.
  • the reducing agent spray 3A impinges directly on the static mixer 4, this tends to break up the droplets of reducing agent within the reducing agents spray into smaller droplets, thereby improving subsequent mixing.
  • the flow of exhaust gas A2 enters the inner tube 46.
  • the flow of exhaust gas A3 bypasses the inner tube and passes down the annulus 61 formed between the outer tube and the inner tube.
  • a secondary static mixer 12 is provided at the end 57B of the straight portion 57 of the inner tube 46.
  • the outer tube 45 projects below this secondary static mixer and it is in this lower portion of the outer tube 45 that the flows 2 A and 3 A of exhaust gas recombine to form flow 4 A.
  • the exhaust gas flows into the expansion area 47 from outlet 7.
  • the straight portion 57, the static mixer 4 and the curved portion 56 together form a primary mixing chamber 5 which mixes the reducing agent with portion A2 of the exhaust gas flow.
  • a secondary mixing chamber 6 is provided where the exhaust gas streams 2 A and 3 A recombine.
  • the expansion area 47 also acts to mix the recombined streams 3A and 2A. Only once the gas stream has entered the discreet tubes of the SCR catalyst can no general mixing occur.
  • the inner tube 46 projects into the collecting chamber 40, as does the upper part of the outer tube 45. By doing this, it is possible to start the mixing of the exhaust gas stream with the reducing agent spray whilst the exhaust gas stream is still in the collecting chamber 40.
  • the injector 3 injects the reducing agent into the collecting chamber 40 in this case into a part of the inner tube 46 which is positioned within the collecting chamber.
  • the reduction agent injector 3 is positioned so as to inject the reducing agent downstream of the open end 46A of the inner tube 46.
  • An example of a static mixer can be seen in patent application EP04711494 (Publication Number EP1716917) In further embodiments that static mixer could take alternate forms.
  • portion A3 of the exhaust gas flow bypasses the inner tube 46, and in particular bypasses the static mixer 4.
  • the exhaust gas flow through the DPF is from left to right when viewing figure 1 and the exhaust gas flow through the SCR catalyst is from right to left when viewing figure 1, in other words the DPF and the SCR catalyst are positioned parallel to each other so that the flow path is reversed. This provides for a compact exhaust system.
  • the diesel engine 22 will have a maximum exhaust mass flow rate and by matching the volume of the injecting/mixing region 24 with this maximum exhaust mass flow rate can provide for efficient mixing.
  • a 12 litre diesel engine typically might have a maximum exhaust mass flow rate of 2000kg per hour.
  • Such an engine will require the injecting/mixing region to have a volume of 12 litres, i.e. 6 litres per 1000kg per hour of maximum exhaust mass flow rate.
  • the system can still be provided which is efficient and has a different volume when compared with the engine maximum exhaust mass flow rate.
  • the injecting/mixing region 24 might have a mixing volume of between 4 and 20 litres per 1000kg per hour of maximum exhaust mass flow rate of engine 22, preferably it has a mixing volume of between 4 and 8 litres per 1000kg per hour of maximum exhaust mass flow rate of engine 22, more preferably it has a mixing volume of between 5 and 7 litres per 1000kg per hour of maximum exhaust mass flow rate of engine 22.
  • the exhaust system has three major parts, namely an emission control device in the form of a diesel particulate filter in a first portion of the flow path, an injecting/mixing region 24 in a second portion of the flow path and a catalytic emission control device in the form of an SCR catalyst in a third portion of the flow path.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of an exhaust system 72. Components the equivalent of those in exhaust system 20 are labelled identically. In this case the bell mouth portion 55 is larger. Note that it is spaced from the outlet end 31 of the DPF 1.
  • the tube 46 has a lower portion 70 which has perforations 66 to allow the exit of exhaust stream A2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment 73 from an exhaust system with features the equivalent of those in exhaust system 20 being labelled identically.
  • DPF 1 is in the form of two distinct diesel particulate filters IA and IB. Each DPF is similar in constructions to DPF 1 of figure 1.
  • DPF IA and IB both have circular cross sections.
  • the end of bell mouth portion 55 is close to the outlet end 31A of DPF IA.
  • the bell mouth 55 therefore acts as a collecting chamber 4OA for the gas passing through DPF IA.
  • a collecting chamber 4OB is provided for the exhaust gas passing through DPF IB.
  • the exhaust gas stream A3 passes through tube 62. Exhaust gas streams A2 and A3 combine at the secondary mixing chamber 6 which includes perforations 66 to allow the gas to pass into the expansion area 47.
  • Figure 4 shows a fourth embodiment of an exhaust system 74 in which components that fulfil the same function as those of exhaust system 20 are labelled identically.
  • the bell mouth portion 55 is connected directly to the straight portion 57, there being no curved portion the equivalent of 56 of figure 1.
  • the injector 3 is still orientated so as to inject the reducing agent into tube 46, in this case injection takes place upstream of the end 46A of tube 46, i.e. upstream of the open end of tube 46.
  • tube 46 includes perforations 63 to allow the ingress of exhaust gas stream A3 into tube 46.
  • the lower end of tube 46 includes perforations 66 to allow the combined exhaust gas stream A4 to enter the expansion area 47, and blanking plate 68.
  • Figure 5 shows a fifth embodiment of an exhaust system 75 which features performing the same function as those of exhaust system 72 of figure 2 labelled identically.
  • the open end of the bell mouth 55 sits close to the output ends of DPFs IA and IB.
  • the bell mouth further includes perforations 64 to allow exhaust gas stream A3 to bypass the static mixer 4 and portions of tube 46 that lie downstream of the injector 3.
  • the SCR catalyst 2 consists of two distinct SCR catalysts 2A and 2B. These are manufactured by a similar process to SCR catalyst 2.
  • SCR catalysts 2A and 2B are circular in cross section.
  • Figure 6 shows a sixth embodiment of an exhaust system 76 in which components that fulfil the same function as those of exhaust system 20 are labelled identically.
  • the DPF 1 is identical to that shown in figure 3 and the SCR catalyst 2 is identical to that shown in figure 5.
  • outer tube 45 includes perforations 63 in that part positioned within collecting chamber 40 and also perforations 66 in that part positioned within expansion area 47.
  • Outer tube 45 includes blanking plate 69.
  • Figure 7 shows a seventh embodiment of an exhaust system 77 in which components that fulfil the same function as those of exhaust system 20 are labelled identically.
  • DPF IA and IB is identical to DPF shown in figure 3.
  • SCR catalyst 2A and 2B is identical to the SCR catalyst shown in figure 5.
  • Exhaust system 77 does not have the equivalent of outer tube 45 of exhaust system 20.
  • a portion of the tube 46 positioned within the collecting chamber 40 but downstream of the injector 3 and static mixer 4 includes perforations 63 to allow ingress of exhaust gas stream A3.
  • Figure 8 shows an eighth embodiment of an exhaust system 78 in which components that fulfil the same function as those of exhaust system 72 are labelled identically.
  • DPF IA and IB are identical to those shown in figure 3.
  • SCR catalysts 2A and 2B are identical to those shown in figure 5.
  • FIG 2 shows inner wall 42 projecting into the injecting/mixing region 24. This inner wall is not present in the exhaust system 78, nevertheless the arrangement is such as to provide a collecting chamber 40, a contraction area 44 and an expansion area 47, i.e. as the exhaust gases leave the DPF they expand into collecting chamber 40, they then contract as they pass contraction area 44 and then expand as they enter expansion area 47.
  • Figure 9 shows a ninth embodiment of an exhaust system 79 in which components that fulfil the same function as those of exhaust system 74 are labelled identically.
  • DPF IA and IB are identical to those shown in figure 3.
  • SCR catalysts 2A and 2B are identical to those shown in figure 5.
  • Figure 10 shows a tenth embodiment of an exhaust system 80 in which components that fulfil the same function as those of exhaust system 75 are labelled identically. As shown in figure 5 the inner wall 42 projects into the injecting/mixing region 24, however, in figure 10 this is not the case. Nevertheless, the exhaust system 80 includes a collecting chamber 40 (compare figures 8 and 10).
  • Figure 11 shows an eleventh embodiment in which components that fulfil the same function as those of exhaust system 74 are labelled identically.
  • DPF IA and IB are identical to those shown in figure 3.
  • SCR catalysts 2A and 2B are identical to those shown in figure 5.
  • the straight portion 57 of tube 46 is identical with that shown in figure 4.
  • the bell mouth portion 55, curved portion 56 and static mixer 4 are identical to those shown in figure 6.
  • Figure 12 shows the spatial positioning of the DPFs and SCR catalysts of figure 11.
  • the DPF IA and IB each have a circular cross section and define axes P and Q respectively.
  • the SCR catalysts 2A and 2B also have a circular cross section (as previously mentioned) and define axes R and S respectively.
  • the axes P, Q, R and S are all parallel to each other. In particular the axes are positioned on the corners of rectangle X.
  • Such an arrangement provides for a compact exhaust system which nevertheless has the capacity to be used on relatively large diesel engines.
  • such an exhaust system can be positioned near the chassis rails of a tractor unit of articulated vehicle, typically in front of the fuel tank.
  • the space envelope limitations of such an area are, on an underside ground clearance, on a top side vehicle cab clearance, on an outer side vehicle width restrictions, and on an inner side vehicle chassis restrictions.
  • the space envelope tends to be rectangular and by using two distinct DPF and two distinct SCR catalysts and arranging them spatially as shown in figure 12 provides for a compact system that will fit the available space envelope.
  • By using two separate DPFs and/or two separate SCR catalysts the flow capabilities of the DPF and/or SCR catalysts can be matched with larger engine capacities.
  • rectangle as used in the present application includes a square.
  • Figure 13 shows a thirteenth embodiment of an exhaust system 83 in which components that fulfil the same function as those of exhaust system 74 are labelled identically.
  • Tube 46 includes perforations 63 to allow ingress of exhaust gas stream A3 into tube 46. End 64 of tube 46 is blanked and thereby ensuring that exhaust gas stream A4 passes generally radially out of tube 46 via perforations 66.
  • Figure 14 shows a fourteenth embodiment of an exhaust system 84 in which components that fulfil the same function as those of exhaust system 20 are labelled identically.
  • the DPF 1, injecting/mixing region 24 and SCR 2 are all in line with the exhaust gas flowing generally from left to right when viewing the figure.
  • Such an arrangement can be used where the space envelope for the exhaust system is longer and thinner than the space envelope required for the embodiments shown in figures 1 to 13.
  • the invention has been described in terms of exhaust gases passing through an emission control device in the form of a diesel particulate filter, an injecting/mixing region where a reducing agent is injected, and then through a selective catalytic reduction catalyst.
  • an emission control device in the form of a diesel particulate filter
  • an injecting/mixing region where a reducing agent is injected
  • the injecting/mixing region could be positioned between different types of emission control device and can mix the exhaust gas with different types of liquid.
  • the emission control device 1 shown in the figures can be in the form of a selective catalytic reduction catalyst.
  • the injector 3 can inject hydrocarbons, and the catalytic emission control device 2 could be an active diesel particulate filter.
  • An active diesel particulate filter is a diesel particulate filter which has a catalyst applied thereto (as opposed to a separate oxidation catalyst and diesel particulate filter which will be described below). Under these circumstances the hydrocarbon will be periodically injected in order to burn off soot which has collected within the active DPF.
  • the emission control device 1 shown in the figures can be a selective catalytic reduction catalyst
  • the injector 3 can inject hydrocarbons
  • the catalytic emission control device 2 can be an oxidation catalyst, such as a diesel oxidation catalyst.
  • the exhaust gas exiting the catalytic emission control device passes to a diesel particulate filter (not shown).
  • the hydrocarbon will be periodically injected in order to burn off soot which has collected within the active DPF.
  • the emission control device 1 shown in the figures can be a diesel particulate filter (including an active diesel particulate filter), the injector 3 could inject hydrocarbons and the catalytic emission control device 2 could be a lean NO x trap.
  • the lean NO x trap provides a means of removing NO x , .
  • Hydrocarbons are periodically injected into the exhaust stream by injector 3 as a means of chemically reducing the NO x absorbed by the lean NO x trap.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'échappement comportant un trajet d'écoulement comprenant un dispositif de contrôle d'émission dans une première partie du trajet d'écoulement, un injecteur de liquide positionné de façon à injecter un liquide dans une deuxième partie du trajet d'écoulement après la première partie, et un dispositif de contrôle d'émission catalytique dans une troisième partie du trajet d'écoulement après la deuxième partie, la deuxième partie définissant une chambre de collecte, servant à collecter un gaz d'échappement une fois qu'il est sorti du dispositif de contrôle d'émission, ladite chambre de collecte alimentant le gaz d'échappement dans une zone d'étranglement de la deuxième partie, la zone d'étranglement comprenant un tuyau ayant une partie qui fait saillie dans la chambre de collecte.
PCT/GB2008/050706 2007-08-17 2008-08-14 Système d'échappement WO2009024815A2 (fr)

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GB0716078.1 2007-08-17
GB0716078A GB2452249A (en) 2007-08-17 2007-08-17 An exhaust system

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WO2009024815A3 WO2009024815A3 (fr) 2009-11-05

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NL2002986C2 (nl) * 2009-06-09 2010-12-13 Daf Trucks Nv Inrichting voor het nabehandelen van uitlaatgas van een dieselverbrandingsmotor.
JP2011033011A (ja) * 2009-08-06 2011-02-17 Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp 内燃機関の排気浄化装置
WO2011045347A1 (fr) 2009-10-16 2011-04-21 Swenox Ab Appareil de mélange pour mélanger un gaz d'échappement avec un liquide
EP2314837A1 (fr) 2009-10-16 2011-04-27 Swenox AB Appareil de mélange pour mélanger un gaz d'échappement avec un fluide
EP2495031A2 (fr) * 2009-10-29 2012-09-05 Panasia Co., Ltd. Système d'élimination d'azote d'un gaz d'échappement possédant une structure de mélange d'agent réducteur et d'atténuation de bruit
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EP2551482A1 (fr) * 2011-07-28 2013-01-30 Peugeot Citroën Automobiles Sa Ensemble coude de post-traitement des gaz d'echappement d'un moteur à combustion comportant un convergent interne
US8916101B2 (en) 2011-12-27 2014-12-23 Komatsu Ltd. Reducing agent aqueous solution mixing device and exhaust gas post-treatment device
US8916100B2 (en) 2011-12-27 2014-12-23 Komatsu Ltd. Reducing agent aqueous solution mixing device and exhaust gas post-treatment device
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EP2662548A1 (fr) * 2012-05-07 2013-11-13 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. Tube chauffant pour système d'échappement
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