WO2009021452A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour l'accès d'un terminal à un système cognitif - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour l'accès d'un terminal à un système cognitif Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009021452A1
WO2009021452A1 PCT/CN2008/071949 CN2008071949W WO2009021452A1 WO 2009021452 A1 WO2009021452 A1 WO 2009021452A1 CN 2008071949 W CN2008071949 W CN 2008071949W WO 2009021452 A1 WO2009021452 A1 WO 2009021452A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
cognitive system
signal
unit
terminal
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PCT/CN2008/071949
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jinnan Liu
Shulan Feng
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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
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Publication of WO2009021452A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009021452A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/02—Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/14—Spectrum sharing arrangements between different networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and in particular, to an implementation scheme for accessing a cognitive system terminal.
  • Cognitive radio technology is a technology that can ensure efficient and flexible use of spectrum holes without disturbing authorized users.
  • the spectrum holes refer to frequency bands that are not occupied in a certain time and space. Since cognitive radio technology can effectively improve the utilization of limited spectrum resources, cognitive radio technology has gradually gained widespread attention in the industry in recent years.
  • Cognitive systems based on cognitive radio technology have a perceptual channel capability, which enables the cognitive system to flexibly use the licensed user band without disturbing the authorized user. If the cognitive system detects that the authorized user occupies the channel, the authorized user occupies the channel within a certain period of time to ensure that the authorized user can use the corresponding channel normally.
  • the corresponding sensing function is jointly performed by the base station and the terminal in the system, that is, when the terminal initially accesses the cognitive system and after accessing the cognitive system, it needs to be perceived, and the sensing result is fed back to the base station.
  • the distributed sensing method can effectively improve the sensing ability of the entire cognitive system, thereby effectively avoiding the interference of the cognitive system to authorized users.
  • the terminal accessing the cognitive system can perform sensing either autonomously or under the scheduling of the base station during the sensing process.
  • the sensing in the working channel needs to be implemented in the silent period of the setting, and the silent period refers to a frequency time block that is set to accurately perceive whether there is an authorized user in the working channel, and the cognitive system is silent. During the period, it is necessary to stop the uplink and downlink data transmission on the working channel, and only detect the authorized user signals that may exist on the channel.
  • processing steps of the terminal accessing the cognitive system may specifically include:
  • Step 1 Perform an authorized user perception on the television channel, and create a spectrum map according to the perceived occupancy of the authorized user of each channel;
  • Step 2 Scan each channel to find a superframe control header (SCH)/frame control header (FCH) sent from a base station (BS);
  • SCH superframe control header
  • FCH frame control header
  • the method may be: performing energy detection on the channel, that is, performing received signal strength ndex (RSSI) detection, and according to the detection result, if the RSSI is greater than a predetermined threshold, searching for SCH/FCH on the channel is continued, otherwise, Find the next channel, and perform corresponding energy detection until the corresponding channel is found, and the SCH/FCH is found on the channel;
  • RSSI received signal strength ndex
  • Step 3 After receiving the corresponding SCH/FCH, confirm the channel where the SCH is located according to the spectrum map created in step 1, and determine whether the channel is allowed to be used. If the channel is available, perform step 4, otherwise, If the channel is not allowed to be used, step 2 is performed to re-determine the new channel until a suitable access channel is found, and after finding the appropriate access channel, step 4 is performed; in this step, it is determined that the channel is not After being allowed to use, it is also possible to determine whether it is necessary to notify the cognitive system working on the channel at this time according to a preset processing manner, and to promptly exit the current channel, for example, it can be set to notify the corresponding cognitive system when the situation occurs. , can also be set to not perform the notification processing when the situation occurs, at this time, the corresponding cognitive system needs to perceive and exit the channel by itself;
  • Step 4 The terminal establishes downlink synchronization with the BS by using the information that can be used;
  • Step 5 Wait and obtain an uplink transmission parameter included in the channel description message.
  • Step 6 The access terminal performs a cell search operation, and performs basic capability negotiation processing.
  • Step 7 Perform a neighbor network discovery operation to determine a working channel and a candidate channel in the neighbor cognitive system, so as to coexist the access terminal and the neighbor cognitive system;
  • Step 8 The network side authorizes the terminal, that is, allows the terminal to access the network, and exchanges a key with the terminal for using the communication service; Step 9.
  • the terminal registers with the network;
  • Step 10 The registered access terminal establishes a connection with the network side, and then the service can be obtained through the connection.
  • the access terminal coexists with the authorized user by performing the steps 1 and 3, and the access terminal coexists with other neighbor cognitive systems by performing the step 7 described above.
  • the access terminal may also store and upload the initial measurement report, and at this time, the access processing adopted by the corresponding access terminal
  • the process may include: First, in the process of creating a spectrum map in step 1, the detection result is saved as an initial measurement report; after that, after the access, the initial detection report of the system and the result of the neighbor discovery are returned to the base station through the established connection.
  • the user terminal needs to perform a large number of precise sensing operations during the execution of the above step 1 to identify the signal type. For this reason, it takes a long processing time, resulting in a long terminal access delay.
  • the information base station may be known. Uploading the information may consume a large amount of air interface resources.
  • the user terminal cannot know the system silent period before it is connected to the system, it cannot select to be aware during the silent period of the system. The working channel of the cognitive system to be accessed, resulting in the validity of the perception cannot be guaranteed.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a method and an apparatus for a terminal to access a cognitive system, so as to reduce the time required for the terminal to access the cognitive system and improve the performance of the terminal access.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for a terminal to access a cognitive system, including:
  • a channel occupied by an unauthorized user is detected in a channel that receives the cognitive system signal, and access of the terminal is implemented through a channel occupied by the unauthorized user.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a terminal, including:
  • An energy detecting unit configured to detect received signal energy of a channel in the cognitive system
  • a threshold determining unit configured to determine, according to the detection result of the energy detecting unit, whether the received signal energy is greater than a predetermined value; the acquiring unit, configured to receive the acquiring cognition in a channel whose received signal energy is greater than a predetermined value according to the determining result of the threshold determining unit System signal
  • a signal detecting unit configured to detect, by using the channel that the acquisition unit receives the cognitive system signal, a channel occupied by an unauthorized user as an access channel;
  • the access unit is configured to implement access of the terminal by using a channel that is not occupied by an unauthorized user detected by the signal detecting unit. It can be seen from the technical solution provided by the foregoing embodiments of the present invention that the implementation of the embodiment of the present invention enables the terminal to select a channel that may be accessed according to the received signal energy, and only listens to the channel of the cognitive system signal that may be accessed. And accurate on adjacent channels Perceived the situation of authorized users, which simplifies the measurement process of authorized users in the entire frequency band during the terminal access process, thereby greatly shortening the time required for detection and shortening the time required for the terminal access process.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a processing procedure according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a processing procedure according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a device 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the implementation of the embodiments of the present invention can reduce unnecessary or inaccurate initial detection, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the delay of the terminal access system. And the purpose of reducing the air interface resources occupied by the initial detection report that needs to be reported after the terminal accesses the system is achieved.
  • the authorized user signal type detection is performed on the adjacent channel of the channel that acknowledges the signal of the cognitive system, so as to access the network through the channel where the authorized user does not appear.
  • the cognitive system signal may be a superframe control header SCH or a frame control header FCH. If the system supports the superframe structure, the received cognitive system signal is a demodulable superframe control header, but if the system does not support the superframe structure and only supports the frame structure, the received cognitive system signal can be solved. Adjusted frame control header.
  • the method may include: first, detecting a received signal energy of a channel in a cognitive system, and searching for a SCH/FCH on a channel whose received signal energy is greater than a predetermined value according to an energy detection result; and if the SCH/FCH is found, respectively, in the channel And performing signal type detection on the adjacent channel of the channel, confirming whether there is an authorized user signal, and performing an access operation in the case that the user signal is not authorized, the access operation may specifically be occupied by the unauthorized user.
  • the channel implements access to the terminal.
  • the SCH/FCH is re-acquired from the channel whose other received signal energy is greater than the predetermined value. Perform tests and other operations.
  • the corresponding process of acquiring the SCH/FCH may be specifically: determining a set of channels including at least one channel whose detected received signal energy is greater than a predetermined value, according to the order of the received signal energy from high to low.
  • the SCH/FCH is received from each channel in the set of channels until the SCH/FCH is obtained; or, the SCH/FCH may be received on a channel whose received signal energy is greater than a predetermined value one by one until the SCH/FCH is obtained.
  • the channel set A with the RSSI detection result meeting the predetermined requirement may be stored, and the system working channel set B and the neighbor cognitive system working channel set C are obtained.
  • a dangerous channel set H including at least one dangerous channel, for example, a corresponding dangerous channel list, I may further find an authorized user that may exist in each dangerous channel according to the dangerous channel set H and the base station local spectrum map, unified by the base station Some authorized user signal detection is performed when scheduling or using the terminal idle, thereby improving the effectiveness of resource scheduling management on the network side.
  • the terminal may access the network by scanning a frequency, or may perform an access operation by scanning the channel-by-channel.
  • the terminal access is implemented by scanning a frequency.
  • the corresponding processing may specifically include the following steps:
  • Step 1 Scan all channels on a frequency, and detect all channels to obtain a received signal strength indication of signals of all channels. RSSI, and sorting the channels according to the RSSI descending order obtained by the detection;
  • Step 2 The channel information in which the RSSI meets the predetermined requirement is stored in the detection result, and the channel whose detected received energy intensity is greater than a predetermined value is stored in the set A.
  • Step 3 In the channel after sorting the set A, for example, in the channel arranged in descending order of RSSI, the SCH/FCH is scanned and searched on the channel with the strongest signal energy, until the SCH sent from the BS is found on the channel N.
  • FCH Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • the process of scanning for the SCH/FCH may be: determining whether the SCH is received within a predetermined time, and if so, confirming that the SCH/FCH is found, otherwise, selecting a new channel in the sorted channel and Perform a corresponding scan to find the operation of the SCH/FCH;
  • Step 4 After receiving the SCH/FCH, perform authorized user signal type detection on the channel N, the channel N+1, and the channel N-1 respectively. If the authorized user signal exists, notify the channel according to a preset processing manner. Work on the cognitive system, and ask it to exit quickly, and re-execute step 3, re-scanning the searched SCH/FCH in the sorted channel until it finds the corresponding channel without authorized users; if it does not exist on each channel Authorizing the user signal, then switching back to channel N, waiting for the physical frame;
  • the specific method for performing the authorized user signal type detection in this step may be that, because it is in the working channel, the silent period is required according to the demodulated SCH/FCH, and the detection is performed according to the silent period.
  • Step 5 The SCH obtained by using step 4 establishes downlink synchronization with the BS;
  • Step 6 waiting and obtaining an uplink transmission parameter included in the channel description message
  • Step 7 obtaining a working channel set B and a candidate channel set of the system to be accessed;
  • Step 8 performing cell search, negotiating basic capabilities, and storing and obtaining cognitive system related parameters, so as to preferentially select a connection for the next service;
  • Step 9 performing neighbor network discovery, obtaining a neighbor cognitive system working channel set C and a candidate channel set;
  • Step 10 Compare the strong RSSI channel set A obtained in step 2, the working channel set B to be accessed in step 7 and the neighbor cognitive system working channel set c obtained in step 9, to obtain a dangerous channel list, L.
  • Step 11 the network side authorizes the terminal, that is, allows the terminal to access the network, and exchanges a key with the terminal for using the communication service;
  • Step 12 The terminal registers with the network
  • Step 13 the registered access terminal establishes a connection with the network side, and then, the service can be obtained through the connection; after the connection is established, the dangerous channel list H determined in step 10 is sent to the serving base station, and the service base station performs correlation.
  • the processing for example, compares the spectrum map that has been established by the serving base station, and searches for authorized users that may exist in the dangerous channel list. If the signal is unknown, the base station uniformly schedules, or performs certain authorized user signal detection when the terminal is idle.
  • step 10 is not limited to be completed before step 11, and may be performed at other times, such as steps.
  • the terminal access is implemented in a manner of scanning on a channel-by-channel basis.
  • the corresponding processing may specifically include the following steps:
  • Step 1 performing energy RSSI detection one by one for multiple channels; Step 2, according to the energy detection result, if the detection result of a channel N is greater than a predetermined value, receiving a superframe control header SCH/frame control header FCH sent from the BS on the channel N;
  • the process of searching for the SCH/FCH sent from the BS may be: determining whether the SCH/FCH is received within a predetermined time, and if the SCH/FCH is received, performing step 4, otherwise, selecting new in other channels. Channel and perform the corresponding operation of finding SCH/FCH;
  • Step 3 storing a channel in which the energy detection is greater than a predetermined value during the detection process and the SCH is not found, and may be specifically stored in the channel set A;
  • Step 4 After receiving the SCH/FCH, and then performing signal type detection on the channel N, the channel N+1, and the channel N-1 respectively, if there is an authorized user signal, notifying the cognitive system working on the channel, and Require it to exit quickly, re-execute step 1, and re-see the receiving SCH/FCH in other channels until it finds the corresponding channel without the authorized user; if there is no authorized user signal on the channel, switch back to channel N, wait for the physics frame;
  • the method of performing signal type detection in this step can use the method of step 4 in Embodiment 1.
  • Step 5 using the SCH/FCH received in step 4 to establish downlink synchronization with the BS;
  • Step 6 waiting and obtaining an uplink transmission parameter included in the channel description message
  • Step 7 obtaining a working channel B and a candidate channel list of the system to be accessed;
  • Step 8 performing cell search, negotiating basic capabilities, and storing and obtaining cognitive system related parameters, so as to preferentially select a connection for the next service;
  • Step 9 performing neighbor network discovery, obtaining a neighbor cognitive system working channel set C and a candidate channel set;
  • Step 10 In the comparison step, the channel set A of the SCH/FCH is not found in the channel, the working channel B of the system to be accessed obtained in step 7, and the working channel set C of the neighboring cognitive system obtained in step 9 are obtained, and a dangerous channel set is obtained. ';
  • Step 11 the network side authorizes the terminal, that is, allows the terminal to access the network, and exchanges a key with the terminal for using the communication service;
  • Step 12 The terminal registers with the network
  • Step 13 The registered access terminal establishes a connection with the network side, and then, the service can be obtained through the connection; after the connection is established, the dangerous channel set H determined in step 10 is sent to the serving base station, and the service base station performs related processing. For example, comparing the spectrum map established by the serving base station, searching for authorized users that may exist in the dangerous channel list, if the signal is unknown, the base station performs unified scheduling, or when the terminal is idle, some authorized user signal detection is performed.
  • K ( ⁇ 2 - N1) / M bits indicates that the channel is occupied.
  • “1” may be used to indicate that the channel belongs to the dangerous channel list, and "0" is used to indicate that the channel does not belong to the dangerous channel list, or vice versa.
  • the highest channel to the lowest channel may correspond to the highest channel to the lowest channel; or, the low bit to the high bit may correspond to the lowest channel to the highest channel.
  • the corresponding dangerous channel list is carried in the initial detection report, and is sent to the cognitive system through a corresponding message, and the format of the corresponding initial detection report is as follows: Syntax (grammar) size Notes
  • the terminal may be shut down or lose contact with the system. At this time, the terminal may need to re-access. In the process of re-accessing the terminal, if there is a priori information, on the channel that was last accessed. Scan the SCH/FCH, if not, scan the SCH/FCH on the candidate channel, if the SCH/FCH is still not received, scan on the last stored base station working channel, if not, on the neighbor base station candidate channel scanning. If not, the access processing is performed by using the foregoing processing procedure provided by the embodiment of the present invention on other channels.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a terminal, and the specific implementation structure is as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, and specifically includes the following processing unit:
  • an energy detecting unit for detecting a received signal energy of a channel in the cognitive system, for example, detecting a signal strength by detecting an RSSI in the channel;
  • a threshold determining unit configured to determine, according to the detection result of the energy detecting unit, whether the received signal energy is greater than a predetermined value.
  • an obtaining unit configured to receive, according to the judgment result of the threshold determining unit, a cognitive system signal received in a channel whose received signal energy is greater than a predetermined value
  • the obtaining unit can be implemented in the following two ways:
  • the terminal may further include a first channel set storage unit, configured to save the threshold determining unit to determine the received signal energy after the energy detecting unit completes energy detection for a group of channels. At least one channel greater than the predetermined value, that is, each time the threshold determination unit determines that the received signal energy of the current channel is greater than a predetermined value, the current information is saved and the energy detecting unit is re-triggered until a predetermined set of channel processing is completed.
  • the acquiring unit may specifically include: a first receiving module, configured to select one of the first channel set storage units Channel, and receiving cognitive system signals from the channel;
  • the first determining module is configured to determine whether the first receiving unit receives the cognitive system signal, and if received, trigger the signal detecting unit, otherwise, the first receiving unit is restarted.
  • the processing is performed by sequentially scanning each channel one by one and performing corresponding detection and the like.
  • the acquiring unit may specifically include:
  • a second receiving module configured to acquire a channel that is greater than a predetermined value determined by the judgment of the threshold determining unit, and receive a cognitive system signal from the channel;
  • a second determining module configured to determine whether the second receiving unit receives the cognitive system signal, if yes, triggering the signal detecting unit, otherwise, scanning a next channel, and triggering the energy detecting unit .
  • a signal detecting unit configured to detect a channel occupied by an unauthorized user in a channel obtained by the acquiring unit to acquire a cognitive system signal;
  • the signal detecting unit may include:
  • An authorization signal detecting module configured to detect an authorized user signal in a channel in which the acquiring unit acquires a cognitive system signal; and an authorized user determining module, configured to determine whether the authorized signal detecting unit detects an authorized user signal in a channel, And according to the judgment results, the following treatment methods are adopted:
  • the acquiring unit or the energy detecting unit is re-triggered, wherein, as shown in FIG. 3, the acquiring unit is triggered to reselect a channel from the first channel set storage unit, and execute The operation of receiving the cognitive system signal from the channel, or specifically, as shown in FIG. 4, that is, rescanning the next channel, triggering the energy detecting unit to perform the energy detecting operation, and saving the channel in the first channel In a collection storage unit;
  • the access unit If not detected, the access unit is triggered to perform an access operation.
  • the authorized user determining unit may be further connected to the first detection result reporting unit, and the first detection result reporting unit is configured to: after the authorized user determining unit determines that the authorized user is detected, The channel information of the authorized user is reported to the network side by the sending unit, so that the network side can obtain corresponding information to perform resource scheduling according to the information.
  • An access unit configured to implement access of the terminal by using a channel that is not occupied by the unlicensed user detected by the signal detecting unit, and specifically, the sending unit sends a message to the cognitive system to implement access.
  • the terminal provided by the embodiment of the present invention may report the detection result to the cognitive system, so that the cognitive system acquires more channel detection information, which is beneficial to realizing corresponding resource scheduling operations in a timely and timely manner.
  • the terminal may include the following processing units in addition to the first channel set storage unit:
  • a second channel set storage unit configured to save the working channel of the acquired cognitive system, that is, the working channel set B;
  • a third channel set storage unit configured to save the obtained working channel of the adjacent cognitive system, that is, the working channel set C;
  • a dangerous channel acquiring unit configured to remove, after the terminal accesses the cognitive system, the channel set (ie, channel set A) whose received signal energy in the first channel set storage unit is greater than a predetermined value
  • the working channel of the cognitive system in the channel set storage unit and the working channel of the adjacent cognitive system in the third channel set storage unit are then used as a dangerous channel group, ie, a dangerous channel set H, and the dangerous channel set H Reported to the cognitive system by the sending unit.
  • the channel set A in the corresponding first channel set storage unit may specifically be a set of channels in which all received signal energy is greater than a predetermined value, or may be acquired in a channel whose received signal energy is greater than a predetermined value. Knowing the set of channels for the system signal.
  • the implementation of the embodiment of the present invention can greatly shorten the time required for detection, thereby shortening the access time.
  • the list of dangerous channels obtained during the initial detection process is stored, and is accessed.
  • the dangerous channel list (ie, the dangerous channel set) is uploaded to the cognitive system BS, so that the cognitive system can effectively utilize the initially detected partial information.
  • the implementation of the embodiment of the present invention reduces the initial detection report that needs to be returned. , thereby reducing air consumption.

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Description

终端接入认知系统的方法及装置
技术领域
本发明涉及无线通信技术领域， 尤其涉及一种认知系统终端接入的实现方案。
发明背景
认知无线电技术是一种可以保证在不干扰授权用户的前提下， 高效、 灵活地使用频谱空洞的技 术， 其中， 所述的频谱空洞是指在一定时间和空间下未被占用的频段。 由于认知无线电技术能够有 效提高针对有限的频谱资源的利用率， 因此， 近年来认知无线电技术逐渐得到业界的广泛关注。
基于认知无线电技术的认知系统具有感知信道能力， 通过该感知功能确保认知系统能够在不干 扰授权用户的情况下， 灵活使用授权用户频段。 若认知系统检测到授权用户占用信道， 则在一定的 时间内退出授权用户占用信道， 保证授权用户能够正常使用相应信道。
在认知系统中， 相应的感知功能是由系统内基站和终端共同完成的， 即在终端初始接入认知系 统时和接入认知系统后需要进行感知， 并将感知结果反馈给基站， 通过该分布式感知方式可以有效 提高整个认知系统的感知能力， 从而有效避免认知系统对授权用户的干扰。
接入认知系统的终端在进行感知过程中， 既可以自主进行感知， 也可以在基站的调度下进行感 知。 其中， 对于工作信道内的感知具体需要在设置的静默期实现， 所述的静默期是指为准确感知到 工作信道内是否存在授权用户而设定的一个频率时间块， 认知系统在该静默期内需要停止工作信道 上的上、 下行数据传输， 并仅检测信道上可能存在的授权用户信号。
具体一点讲， 终端接入认知系统的处理步骤具体可以包括：
步骤 1， 在电视信道执行授权用户感知， 根据感知到的各信道相应的授权用户占用情况， 创建频 谱地图；
步骤 2， 扫描各个信道， 查找确定从认知系统基站（Base station , BS ) 发出的超帧控制头 ( superframe control header, SCH) /巾贞控制头 (frame control header, FCH)；
具体可以为： 对信道进行能量检测， 即执行接收信号强度指示 （received signal strength ndex, RSSI )检测， 根据检测结果， 若 RSSI大于预定的门限， 则在该信道上继续寻找 SCH/FCH, 否则， 寻找 下一个信道， 并进行相应的能量检测， 直到找到相应的信道， 并在该信道上寻找到 SCH/FCH;
步骤 3， 在收到相应的 SCH/FCH后， 根据步骤 1创建的频谱地图确认该 SCH所在的信道， 并确定该 信道是否允许使用， 若该信道可以使用， 则执行步骤 4， 否则， 即该信道不被允许使用， 则执行步骤 2, 以重新确定新的信道， 直到找到合适的接入信道为止， 在找到合适的接入信道后执行步骤 4; 在该步骤中， 在确定该信道不被允许使用后， 还可以根据预先设置的处理方式确定此时是否需 要通知该信道上工作的认知系统， 并要求其迅速退出当前信道， 例如， 可以设置在出现该情况时， 通知相应认知系统， 也可以设置为在出现该情况下时不做该通知处理， 此时， 相应的认知系统需要 自行感知并退出该信道；
步骤 4， 终端通过该可以使用的信息与 BS建立下行同步；
步骤 5， 等待并获得包含在信道描述消息中的上行传输参数；
步骤 6， 接入终端执行小区搜索操作， 进行基本能力的协商处理； 步骤 7、 执行邻居网络发现操作， 以确定邻居认知系统中的工作信道和候选信道， 以便接入终端 与邻居认知系统的共存；
步骤 8、 网络侧授权终端， 即允许终端接入网络， 并与终端之间交换密钥， 以用于开展通信业务; 步骤 9、 终端注册到网络中；
步骤 10， 注册后的接入终端与网络侧建立连接， 之后， 便可以通过该连接获得服务。
可见， 在上述处理过程中， 通过执行所述的步骤 1和步骤 3实现了接入终端与授权用户共存， 通 过执行所述的步骤 7实现了接入终端与其他邻居认知系统共存。
在上述实现方案中， 为了更好地实现接入终端与授权用户和邻居认知系统的共存， 接入终端还 可以存储并上传初始测量报告， 此时， 相应的接入终端采用的接入处理过程具体可以包括： 首先， 在步骤 1创建频谱地图过程中， 保存检测结果作为初始测量报告； 之后， 在接入后， 通过建立的连 接将系统初始检测报告和邻居发现的结果返回基站。
在实现本发明过程中， 发明人发现现有技术中至少存在如下问题：
在上述处理过程中， 用户终端在执行上述步骤 1过程中需要执行大量的精确感知操作， 以识别信 号类型， 为此， 需要耗费较长的处理时间， 导致终端接入延时较长。 而这部分信息基站可能是已知 的， 上传该信息会耗费大量空口资源； 而且， 由于用户终端在未接入系统前， 无法获知系统静默期， 因此， 其无法选择在系统的静默期内感知将要接入的认知系统的工作信道， 导致感知的有效性无法 得到保证。
发明内容
本发明的实施例提供了一种终端接入认知系统的方法及装置， 以减少终端接入认知系统过程中 需要占用的时间， 提高终端接入的性能。
本发明实施例提供了一种终端接入认知系统的方法， 包括：
检测认知系统中信道的接收信号能量， 并在接收信号能量大于预定值的信道中接收认知系统信 号 "
在接收到认知系统信号的信道中检测出未被授权用户占用的信道， 并通过该未被授权用户占用 的信道实现终端的接入。
本发明实施例提供了一种终端， 包括：
能量检测单元， 用于检测认知系统中信道的接收信号能量；
门限判断单元， 用于根据能量检测单元的检测结果判断接收信号能量是否大于预定值； 获取单元， 用于根据所述门限判断单元的判断结果在接收信号能量大于预定值的信道中接收获 取认知系统信号；
信号检测单元， 用于在所述获取单元接收到认知系统信号的信道中检测出未被授权用户占用的 信道作为接入信道；
接入单元， 用于通过所述信号检测单元检测到的未被授权用户占用的信道实现终端的接入。 由上述本发明的实施例提供的技术方案可以看出， 本发明实施例的实现使得终端根据接收信号 能量选择监听可能接入的信道， 并且仅在监听到可能接入的认知系统信号的信道和相邻信道上精确 感知授权用户占用的情况， 简化了终端接入过程中， 对整个频段内授权用户测量操作过程， 从而大 大缩短了需要检测的时间， 缩短了终端接入过程需要占用时间。
附图简要说明
图 1为本发明实施例一的处理过程示意图；
图 2为本发明实施例二的处理过程示意图；
图 3为本发明实施例提供的装置一的结构示意图；
图 4为本发明实施例提供的装置二的结构示意图。
实施本发明的方式
本发明实施例的实现可以减少不必要的或不准确的初始检测， 从而达到减小终端接入系统的时 延的目的。 并且达到减少终端接入系统后所需要上报的初始检测报告占用的空口资源的目的。
本发明实施例具体是在确认收到认知系统信号的信道的相邻信道上进行授权用户信号类型检 测， 以便于通过未出现授权用户的信道接入网络。其中，所述的认知系统信号可以为超帧控制头 SCH， 也可以为帧控制头 FCH。 如果系统支持超帧结构， 则收到的认知系统信号为可解调的超帧控制头， 但 如果系统不支持超帧结构而只支持帧结构， 则收到的认知系统信号为可以解调的帧控制头。
具体可以包括： 首先， 检测认知系统中信道的接收信号能量， 根据能量检测结果， 在接收信号 能量大于预定值的信道上， 寻找 SCH/FCH, 如果寻找到 SCH/FCH, 则分别在该信道和该信道的相邻信 道上进行信号类型检测， 确认是否存在授权用户信号， 并在确定没有授权用户信号的情况下， 执行 接入操作， 该接入操作具体可以为通过该未被授权用户占用的信道实现终端的接入。 其中， 若在该 获取（即接收）到 SCH的信道及其相邻信道上检测是否存在授权用户， 若检测到授权用户， 则重新从 其他接收信号能量大于预定值的信道上获取 SCH/FCH继续进行检测等操作。
在上述处理过程中， 相应的获取 SCH/FCH的处理过程具体可以为： 确定检测到的接收信号能量大 于预定值的包含至少一个信道的一组信道， 根据接收信号能量从高到低的顺序依次从该一组信道中 的各信道上接收 SCH/FCH, 直到获得所述 SCH/FCH; 或者， 也可以为： 逐个在接收信号能量大于预定 值的信道上接收 SCH/FCH, 直到获得 SCH/FCH。
本发明实施例中， 为了将终端检测的信息上报给网络侧， 还可以存储 RSSI检测结果符合预定要 求的信道集合 A， 待接入系统工作信道集合 B和邻居认知系统工作信道集合 C， 得到包含至少一个危险 信道的危险信道集合 H， 例如相应的危险信道列表 、 I , 之后， 可以进一步根据该危险 信道集合 H和基站本地频谱地图， 查找各危险信道中可能存在的授权用户， 由基站统一调度或利用终 端空闲时进行某些授权用户信号检测， 从而提高网络侧资源调度管理的有效性。
本发明实施例中， 终端具体可以通过扫描一段频率的方式接入网络， 也可以通过针对逐个信道 的扫描结果进行接入操作。 下面将结合附图对本发明实施例的具体应用进行说明。
应用实施例一
在该实施例中， 是通过扫描一段频率实现终端接入， 如图 1所示， 相应的处理过程具体可以包括 以下步骤：
步骤 1， 扫描一段频率上的所有信道， 检测所有信道得到所有信道的信号的接收信号强度指示 RSSI , 并按照检测获得的 RSSI降序对各信道进行排序；
步骤 2， 存储检测结果中 RSSI符合预定要求的信道信息， 即将检测确定的接收能量强度大于预定 值的信道保存于集合 A中。
步骤 3， 在对集合 A进行排序后信道中， 例如按照 RSSI降序排列后的信道中， 依次在信号能量最 强的信道上扫描寻找 SCH/FCH, 直到在信道 N上找到从 BS发出的 SCH/FCH;
在该步骤中， 扫描寻找 SCH/FCH的过程可以为： 判断在预定时间内是否接收到 SCH， 如果接收到， 则确认寻找到 SCH/FCH, 否则， 在排序后的信道中选择新的信道并执行相应的扫描寻找 SCH/FCH的操 作；
步骤 4， 在收到 SCH/FCH后， 分别在信道 N， 信道 N+l， 信道 N-1上， 进行授权用户信号类型检测， 如果存在授权用户信号， 则根据预先设置的处理方式通知该信道上工作的认知系统， 并要求其迅速 退出， 同时重新执行步骤 3， 重新在排序后的信道中扫描寻找 SCH/FCH, 直到找到不存在授权用户的 相应信道； 如果在各信道上均不存在授权用户信号， 则切换回信道 N上， 等待物理帧；
该步骤中的进行授权用户信号类型检测的具体方法可以为， 由于为工作信道内， 需要根据解调 的 SCH/FCH,获知静默期， 根据静默期进行检测。
步骤 5， 利用步骤 4得到的 SCH与 BS建立下行同步；
步骤 6， 等待并获得包含在信道描述消息中的上行传输参数；
步骤 7， 获得待接入系统工作信道集合 B和候选信道集合；
步骤 8， 执行小区搜索， 协商基本能力， 储存获得认知系统相关参数， 以便为下次服务优先选择 连接；
步骤 9， 执行邻居网络发现， 得到邻居认知系统工作信道集合 C和候选信道集合；
步骤 10， 对比步骤 2中获得的较强 RSSI信道集合 A， 步骤 7中获得的待接入系统工作信道集合 B和 步骤 9中获得的邻居认知系统工作信道集合 c， 得到危险信道列表 、 L
步骤 11， 网络侧授权终端， 即允许终端接入网络， 并与终端之间交换密钥， 以用于开展通信业 务；
步骤 12， 终端注册到网络中；
步骤 13， 注册后的接入终端与网络侧建立连接， 之后， 便可以通过该连接获得服务； 在建立连接后， 则将步骤 10确定的危险信道列表 H发送给服务基站， 由服务基站进行相关处理， 例如对比服务基站已经建立的频谱地图， 查找危险信道列表中可能存在的授权用户， 如果为不明信 号， 由基站统一调度， 或在终端空闲时进行某些授权用户信号检测等。
需要说明的是， 上述步骤 10并不限定必需在步骤 11之前完成， 也可以在其他时刻执行， 如步骤
12之前等， 总之， 在上报危险信道列表 H之前执行步骤 10即可。
应用实施例二
在该实施例中， 采用针对逐个信道进行扫描的方式实现终端接入， 如图 2所示， 相应的处理过程 具体可以包括以下步骤：
步骤 1， 针对多个信道逐个进行能量 RSSI检测； 步骤 2， 根据能量检测结果， 如果一个信道 N的检测结果大于预定值， 则在该信道 N上接收从 BS 发出的超帧控制头 SCH/帧控制头 FCH;
在该步骤中， 寻找从 BS发出的 SCH/FCH的过程可以为： 判断在预定时间内是否接收到 SCH/FCH, 如果接收到 SCH/FCH, 则执行步骤 4， 否则， 在其他信道中选择新的信道并执行相应的寻找 SCH/FCH 的操作；
步骤 3， 储存检测过程中能量检测大于预定值的且未找到 SCH的信道， 具体可以存储到信道集合 A 中；
步骤 4， 收到 SCH/FCH, 之后， 分别在信道 N， 信道 N+l， 信道 N-1上， 进行信号类型检测， 如果存 在授权用户信号， 则通知该信道上工作的认知系统， 并要求其迅速退出， 重新执行步骤 1， 重新在其 他信道中寻找接收 SCH/FCH, 直到找到不存在授权用户的相应信道； 如果在信道上不存在授权用户信 号， 则切换回信道 N上， 等待物理帧；
该步骤中的进行信号类型检测的方法可以使用实施例 1中步骤 4的方法。
步骤 5， 利用步骤 4收到的 SCH/FCH与 BS建立下行同步；
步骤 6， 等待并获得包含在信道描述消息中的上行传输参数；
步骤 7， 获得待接入系统工作信道 B和候选信道列表；
步骤 8， 执行小区搜索， 协商基本能力， 储存获得认知系统相关参数， 以便为下次服务优先选择 连接；
步骤 9， 执行邻居网络发现， 得到邻居认知系统工作信道集合 C和候选信道集合；
步骤 10， 对比步骤， 3中未找到 SCH/FCH的信道集合 A， 步骤 7中获得的待接入系统工作信道 B和步 骤 9中获得的邻居认知系统工作信道集合 C， 得到危险信道集合 、 '；
步骤 11， 网络侧授权终端， 即允许终端接入网络， 并与终端之间交换密钥， 以用于开展通信业 务；
步骤 12， 终端注册到网络中；
步骤 13， 注册后的接入终端与网络侧建立连接， 之后， 便可以通过该连接获得服务； 在建立连接后，将步骤 10确定的危险信道集合 H发给服务基站， 由服务基站进行相关处理，例如， 对比服务基站建立的频谱地图， 查找危险信道列表中可能存在的授权用户， 如果为不明信号， 由基 站统一调度， 或在终端空闲时进行某些授权用户信号检测等。
在本发明实施例中，假设认知系统工作在 [N1，N2]频段范围，且每个信道带宽是 M，则需要 K= (Ν2 -N1 ) /M bits表示信道被占用的情况。 此时， 具体可以采用 " 1 "表示信道属于危险信道列表， 采 用 " 0 "表示信道不属于危险信道列表， 或者， 也可反之表示。 在该 K比特中， 可以从高位到低位对 应于最高频道到最低频道； 或者， 也可以从低位到高位对应于最低频道到最高频道。
具体地， 相应的危险信道列表承载于初始检测报告中， 通过相应的消息发送给认知系统， 相应 的初始检测报告的格式如下所示： Syntax (语法） size Notes
Initial— Measurement— Report— Format(){
Management Message Type 8 bits 管理消息类型
Channel list K bits 危险信道列表
}
当然， 也可以采用其他格式承载传递所述危险信道列表。
本发明实施例中， 终端可能会关机或者与系统失去联系， 此时， 终端可能要重新接入， 在终端 重新接入的过程中， 如果有先验信息， 则在上次接入的信道上扫描 SCH/FCH, 如果没有， 则在候选信 道下扫描 SCH/FCH, 如果仍然没有收到 SCH/FCH, 则在上次存储的邻居基站工作信道上扫描， 如果没 有， 则在邻居基站候选信道上扫描。 如果都没有， 则在其他信道上， 利用本发明实施例提供的上述 处理过程进行接入操作。
本发明实施例还提供了一种终端， 其具体实现结构如图 3和图 4所示， 具体可以包括以下处理单 元：
(一）能量检测单元，用于检测认知系统中信道的接收信号能量，例如，通过检测信道中的 RSSI 进行信号强度的检测；
(二） 门限判断单元， 用于根据能量检测单元的检测结果判断接收信号能量是否大于预定值。
(三） 获取单元， 用于根据所述门限判断单元的判断结果在接收信号能量大于预定值的信道中 接收获取认知系统信号；
该获取单元具体可以采用以下两种方式实现：
( 1 ) 方式一
可选地， 如图 3所示， 该终端还可以包括第一信道集合存储单元， 用于在所述能量检测单元完成 针对一组信道的能量检测后，保存所述门限判断单元判断接收信号能量大于预定值的至少一个信道， 即在门限判断单元每次判断当前信道的接收信号能量大于预定值后， 保存当前信息并重新触发能量 检测单元， 直到预定的一组信道处理完成。
基于该第一信道集合存储单元， 如图 3所示， 在所述的终端中， 所述的获取单元具体可以包括： 第一接收模块， 用于从所述第一信道集合存储单元中选择一个信道， 并从该信道上接收认知系 统信号；
第一判断模块， 用于判断所述第一接收单元是否接收到所述认知系统信号， 若接收到， 则触发 所述信号检测单元， 否则， 重新触发所述第一接收单元。
( 2 ) 方式二
在该方式中， 具体是依次逐个扫描各个信道并进行相应的检测等处理， 此时， 参照图 4所示， 该 获取单元具体也可以包括：
第二接收模块， 用于获取所述门限判断单元的判断确定的大于预定值的一个信道， 并从该信道 上接收认知系统信号；
第二判断模块， 用于判断所述第二接收单元是否接收到所述认知系统信号， 若接收到， 则触发 所述信号检测单元， 否则， 扫描下一个信道， 并触发所述能量检测单元。 (四） 信号检测单元， 用于在所述获取单元确定的获取到认知系统信号的信道中检测出未被授 权用户占用的信道；
具体地， 该信号检测单元可以包括：
授权信号检测模块， 用于在所述获取单元获取到认知系统信号的信道中检测授权用户信号； 授权用户判断模块， 用于判断所述授权信号检测单元是否在信道中检测到授权用户信号， 并根 据判断结果分别采取以下处理方式：
( 1 ) 若检测到， 则重新触发所述获取单元或能量检测单元， 其中， 具体可以如图 3所示， 即触 发所述获取单元从第一信道集合存储单元中重新选择一个信道， 并执行从该信道接收认知系统信号 的操作， 或者， 具体也可以如图 4所示， 即重新扫描下一个信道， 触发能量检测单元执行能量检测的 操作， 并将该信道保存于所述第一信道集合存储单元中；
( 2 ) 若未检测到， 则触发所述接入单元执行接入操作。
需要说明的是， 所述的授权用户判断单元还可以与第一检测结果上报单元连接， 且所述的第一 检测结果上报单元用于在所述授权用户判断单元判断检测到授权用户后， 将检测到授权用户的信道 信息通过发送单元上报给网络侧， 从而使得网络侧可以获取相应信息以便于根据该信息进行资源调 度。
(五） 接入单元， 用于通过所述信号检测单元检测到的未被授权用户占用的信道实现终端的接 入， 具体可以通过发送单元向认知系统发送消息以实现接入。
在本发明实施例提供的所述的终端还可以将检测的结果上报给认知系统， 以便于认知系统获取 更多的信道检测信息， 有利于合理及时的实现相应的资源调度操作， 故该终端除可以包含所述第一 信道集合存储单元外， 还可以包括以下处理单元：
( 1 ) 第二信道集合存储单元， 用于保存获取的认知系统的工作信道， 即工作信道集合 B;
( 2 ) 第三信道集合存储单元， 用于保存获取的相邻认知系统的工作信道， 即工作信道集合 C;
( 3 )危险信道获取单元， 用于在终端接入认知系统后， 将所述第一信道集合存储单元中的接收 信号能量大于预定值的信道集合（即信道集合 A)去除所述第二信道集合存储单元中的认知系统的工 作信道和所述第三信道集合存储单元中的相邻认知系统的工作信道后作为危险信道组， 即危险信道 集合 H， 并将该危险信道集合 H通过发送单元上报给认知系统。
其中，相应的第一信道集合存储单元中的信道集合 A具体可以为一组信道中所有接收信号能量大 于预定值的信道的集合， 也可以为接收信号能量大于预定值的信道中可以获取到认知系统信号的各 信道的集合。
综上所述， 本发明实施例的实现使得可以大大缩短需要检测的时间， 进而缩短了接入时间； 而 且，本发明实施例中还存储了初始检测过程中得到危险信道列表，并在接入后将该危险信道列表（即 危险信道集合） 上传给认知系统 BS， 从而使得认知系统可以有效利用初始检测的部分信息； 再者， 本发明实施例的实现减少了需要返回的初始检测报告， 从而减少了空口消耗。
以上所述， 仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式， 但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此， 任何熟悉本 技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内， 可轻易想到的变化或替换， 都应涵盖在本发明的 保护范围之内。 因此， 本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种终端接入认知系统的方法， 其特征在于， 包括：
检测认知系统中信道的接收信号能量， 并在所述信号能量大于预定值的信道中接收认知系统信 号 "
在接收到认知系统信号的信道中检测出未被授权用户占用的信道， 并通过所述未被授权用户占 用的信道实现终端的接入。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述的在接收信号能量大于预定值的信道中接收 获取认知系统信号的步骤具体包括：
确定检测到的接收信号能量大于预定值的一组信道， 所述一组信道至少包括一个信道， 根据接 收信号能量从高到低的顺序依次从所述一组信道中的各信道上接收认知系统信号， 直到获得所述认 知系统信号；
或者，
获取检测到的接收信号能量大于预定值的信道， 并从所述信道上接收认知系统信号， 若获得到 所述认知系统信号， 则过程结束， 否则， 触发检测下一信道的接收信号能量， 直到获得所述认知系 统信号。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述的在获取到认知系统信号的信道中检测出未 被授权用户占用的信道的步骤包括：
在该获取到认知系统信号的信道及其相邻信道上检测是否存在授权用户， 若检测到授权用户， 则在新的信道上重新执行获取认知系统信号的步骤， 否则， 确认所述信道为未被授权用户占用的信 道。
4、 根据权利要求 1、 2或 3所述的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法还包括：
分别获得待接入认知系统的工作信道， 以及邻居认知系统中的工作信道， 并在确定检测到的各 个接收信号能量大于预定值的信道中去除所述的工作信道后获得的一个或多个信道作为危险信道 组；
在终端接入认知系统后， 将所述危险信道组上报给认知系统。
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述的将所述危险信道组上报给认知系统的步骤 包括：
将承载着包含危险信道组的危险信道列表和消息类型信息的消息发送给认知系统。
6、 一种终端， 其特征在于， 包括：
能量检测单元， 用于检测认知系统中信道的接收信号能量；
门限判断单元， 用于根据所述能量检测单元的检测结果判断接收信号能量是否大于预定值； 获取单元， 用于根据所述门限判断单元的判断结果在接收信号能量大于预定值的信道中接收认 知系统信号；
信号检测单元， 用于在所述获取单元接收到认知系统信号的信道中检测出未被授权用户占用的 信道； 接入单元， 用于通过所述信号检测单元检测到的未被授权用户占用的信道实现终端的接入。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的终端， 其特征在于， 该终端还包括第一信道集合存储单元， 用于在所 述能量检测单元完成针对一组信道的能量检测后， 保存所述门限判断单元判断出的接收信号能量大 于预定值的至少一个信道。
8、 根据权利要求 7所述的终端， 其特征在于， 所述的获取单元具体包括：
第一接收模块， 用于从所述第一信道集合存储单元中选择一个信道， 并从该信道上接收认知系 统信号；
第一判断模块， 用于判断所述第一接收单元是否接收到所述认知系统信号， 若接收到， 则触发 所述信号检测单元， 否则， 重新触发所述第一接收单元。
9、 根据权利要求 7所述的终端， 其特征在于， 还包括：
第二信道集合存储单元， 用于保存获取的认知系统的工作信道；
第三信道集合存储单元， 用于保存获取的相邻认知系统的工作信道；
危险信道获取单元， 用于在终端接入认知系统后， 将所述第一信道集合存储单元中的接收信号 能量大于预定值的信道集合去除所述第二信道集合存储单元中的认知系统的工作信道和第三信道集 合存储单元中的相邻认知系统的工作信道后作为危险信道组， 并将该危险信道组通过发送单元上报 给认知系统。
10、 根据权利要求 6所述的终端， 其特征在于， 所述的获取单元具体包括：
第二接收模块， 用于获取所述门限判断单元判断确定的接收信号能量大于预定值的一个信道， 并从该信道上接收认知系统信号；
第二判断模块， 用于判断所述第二接收单元是否接收到所述认知系统信号， 若接收到， 则触发 所述信号检测单元， 否则， 扫描下一个信道， 并触发所述能量检测单元。
11、 根据权利要求 6至 10任一项所述的终端， 其特征在于， 所述的信号检测单元包括： 授权信号检测模块， 用于在所述获取单元获取到认知系统信号的信道中检测授权用户信号； 授权用户判断模块， 用于判断所述授权信号检测单元是否在信道中检测到授权用户信号， 若检 测到， 则触发所述获取单元或能量检测单元， 若未检测到， 则触发所述接入单元。
12、 根据权利要求 11所述的终端， 其特征在于， 还包括第一检测结果上报单元， 用于在所述授 权用户判断单元判断检测到授权用户后， 将检测到授权用户的信道信息上报给网络侧。
PCT/CN2008/071949 2007-08-16 2008-08-11 Procédé et dispositif pour l'accès d'un terminal à un système cognitif WO2009021452A1 (fr)

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