WO2009019529A1 - Fertilization system for the marine phytoplankton to absorb atmospheric co2 comprising two different treatment phases - Google Patents
Fertilization system for the marine phytoplankton to absorb atmospheric co2 comprising two different treatment phases Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009019529A1 WO2009019529A1 PCT/IB2007/003833 IB2007003833W WO2009019529A1 WO 2009019529 A1 WO2009019529 A1 WO 2009019529A1 IB 2007003833 W IB2007003833 W IB 2007003833W WO 2009019529 A1 WO2009019529 A1 WO 2009019529A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- range
- preferably around
- value
- water
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
Definitions
- the CO 2 concentration in the earth atmosphere is grown of about one third, moving from 280 ppm to the actual 375 ppm, with an increasing of more than 2 ppm per year starting from 1985.
- the articulated fertilization system for the marine phytoplankton of this invention is achieved with two different treatment phases, separated by a variable slot from 24 to 72 hours.
- the slot value depends from the season and from the geoclimatic characteristics of the sea area where the'fertilization treatment is made.
- Mri that are in the mix composition of the fertilization treatment of the following second phase.
- the treatment is carried out after a period of between 24 and 72 hours from the first one in the same sea surface area, bringing a greater Fe, Mn and Zn ion presence necessary to satisfy the greater necessities consequent to the photosynthetic activity increasing.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Oxygen Or Sulfur (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Fertilization system for the marine phytoplankton directed towards a largest absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) that is in the atmosphere of the interface air - water. The increasing of the photosynthetic activity and of the biologic cycle dynamic is obtained from the activator ions of the catalytic processes that compose the product mix. The operation is carried out in a first phase of preliminary treatment dispersing a diluted solution of 3 components that show an introductory and chelating agent activity towards the 4 components of the second phase mix for the fertilizing treatment. The seven components of the complex, placed in a solution diluted with sea water, are injected with suitable devices, in the sea surface areas subtracting CO2 from the earth atmosphere.
Description
DESCRIPTION
of the industrial invention bearing the title
FERTILIZATION SYSTEM FOR THE MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON TO ABSORB ATMOSPHERIC CO2 COMPRISING TWO DIFFERENT TREATMENT PHASES
During the last 150 years the CO2 concentration in the earth atmosphere is grown of about one third, moving from 280 ppm to the actual 375 ppm, with an increasing of more than 2 ppm per year starting from 1985.
The CO2 emissions, as a result of the use of fossil fuels, are responsible for about two thirds of the greenhouse effect with the consequent serious risks on the global climate change.
It is necessary to maintain and reduce the CO2 atmospheric level, but from 1992
(when the first international treaty of Rio de Janeiro on the greenhouse gas emission has been signed) up to today the use of crude oil, coal, natural gas is risen of about 10% consolidating at more than 86% the energy of fossil origin.
Even if in the near future it will be possible to increase in an important way the quote of the energy produced by renewable sources or by nuclear power stations, the imbalances of climate will remain due to the long stay of CO2 in the earth atmosphere.
Consequently it is necessary to remove portions of CO2 from the atmosphere following two different lines:
1) active sequestration of the emissions from fixed sources (steam plants, cement factories, etc)
2) absorption of that part of emissions deriving from transports system, from heating and from the small but very large in number industrial factories that
can't be picked up by fix installations, but they need to be caught by vegetation (trees, seaweeds, etc)
It is necessary to underline that, even achieving the various programs of reforestation, we will not reach the required decisive effects, but we will only obtain mild benefits. To balance the actual CO2 emissions it would be necessary to have, every year, a reforestation surface larger than the India extension. Instead it is possible to remove, safely and without environmental imbalances, large quantities of CO2 from the atmosphere through an increase, even of unpretentious entity, of the photosynthetic activity of the living organisms that form the marine phytoplankton. Being the earth surface covered for two third by sea, it is verified in this system the maximum exchange between air and water. In order to increase the growth of the unicellular living organisms (diatoms colonies) and to speed up the biological cycle, it is necessary to develop a fertilizing action to increase the photosynthetic activity.
Systematic researches in this direction have started in 1990 using different elements with stimulating characteristics. The iron contained, under different forms in the different mixtures, resulted the best candidate; then the checks on the absorption carried out with radioactive thorium tracers have given ample confirmation.
The articulated fertilization system for the marine phytoplankton of this invention is achieved with two different treatment phases, separated by a variable slot from 24 to 72 hours. The slot value depends from the season and from the geoclimatic characteristics of the sea area where the'fertilization treatment is made. During the first phase (preliminary), the product formed by a mix A + B + C (A = Na2SiO3 B = H2SiO3 C = Na2B4O7), shown in Fig. 1, in diluted solution with marine water at around 2%, is dispersed by injection in the sea surface area, releasing in a suitable form ion complexes of silicon that perform the triple function to increase the phosphorus taking in the ATP (Adenosine 5'- triphosphate) synthesis, to render available a bigger quantity of silicon to build the
cellular wall and furthermore to forbid the toxic activity of the free ions Fe and
Mri that are in the mix composition of the fertilization treatment of the following second phase.
The fertilization treatment phase is made with a diluted solution with marine water at around 2% - 3% of the mix D + E + F + G (D = FeSO4 E = MnSO4
F = Cu (NH4)PO4 G = ZnCO3) shown in Fig. 2.
The treatment is carried out after a period of between 24 and 72 hours from the first one in the same sea surface area, bringing a greater Fe, Mn and Zn ion presence necessary to satisfy the greater necessities consequent to the photosynthetic activity increasing.
In the marine phytoplankton there are numerous exuding substances (polyphenols, amino acids and proteins) that exercise a beneficent chelating agent activity towards the microelements Fe, Mn and Zn that constitute the fertilizing mix; consequently there is a bigger absorption in the cellular cytoplasm with generation of ferredoxin that performs an increasing role of the photosynthetic process.
Following up the promoting and fertilizing actions made by the mix of the two phases, a greater speeding up of the biologic cycles (increasing of the organic action of carbon) takes place with an increase of the absorption of the atmospheric
CO2 that it is in the air-water interface.
There is an increase of the production of the Actinocyclus diatoms and of the
Skeletonema on the sea surface area, which along with the exuding substances bring a higher presence of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
The increase in protein substances, in carbohydrates and fats on the marine surface area is an opportunity for the development of marine zooplankton that, from the primary action of synthesis of the nutritional chain carried out by the Copepods, brings a greater formation of Essential Fatty Acid EFA (Docosahexaenoic acid, commonly known as DHA, 22:6 and alcohols C20) that support the proliferation of sardines, anchovies and herrings up to the food chain that ends with salmons and tunas.
Acting the fertilization with the more suitable parameters according to the different oceanographic areas (winds, marine streams, etc) and seasons, it is possible to optimize the rate of atmospheric CO2 absorption on values even unpretentious that don't produce collateral effects of lack of balance for the ecosystems because the system operates on the huge exchange surface of air - water and not on quite high values of removal of CO2 contained in the atmosphere, values carried out through absorption actions on concentrated systems with limited surfaces.
Claims
1) CLAIM 1 the system for the fertilization of the marine phytoplankton, in two different and separated phases spaced by an interval of 24 - 72 hours, with the aim to absorb the CO2 that is in the atmosphere of the air - water interface.
2) CLAIM 2 the composition, in quality e quantity, of the mix of the preliminary treatment CLAIMED IN CLAIM 1 which includes: a) Na2Siθ3 (Sodium Metasilicate) in range between 70% and 35% in weight but preferably around 60%. b) H2SiO3 (Silicic acid) in range between 35% and 15% in weight but preferably around 20%. c) Na2B4O7 (Sodium tetraborate) in range between 15% and 8% in weight but preferable around 12%.
3) CLAIM 3 the grade of the mix solution dilution CLAIMED IN CLAIM 2 to be between 1% and 4% in weight of sea water but preferably around 2%.
4) CLAIM 4 the composition, in quality e quantity, of the fertilizing complex CLAIMED IN CLAIM 1 which includes: d) FeSO4 (Ferrous Sulphate) in range between 55% and 95% in weight but preferably around 85%. e) MnSO4 (Manganese Sulphate) in range between 3% and 20% in weight but preferably around 8%. f) Cu (NH4)PO4 (Cupric Ammonium Phosphate) in range between 1% and 15% in weight but preferably around 4%. g) ZnCO3 (Zinc Carbonate) in range between 0,5% and 4% in weight but preferably around 1%.
5) CLAIM 5 the grade of the mix solution dilution CLAIMED IN CLAIM 4 to be between 1% and 8% in weight of sea water but preferably around 3%.
6) CLAIM 6 the use of Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH) in watery solution at 35% to make the neutralization and to catalyse the oxidation of the fertilizing complex CLAIMED IN CLAIM 4 with a final pH value of the diluted solution between pH 6.6 and pH 7.8 but preferably pH 7.2.
7) CLAIM 7 the value of the temperature of the fertilizing product solution CLAIMED IN CLAIM 1 used for the treatment of atmospheric CO2 absorption, between 12°C and 45°C but preferably around 300C.
8) CLAIM 8 the optimal depth value of the dispenser nozzles dipped under the water surface used for the treatment CLAIMED IN CLAIM 1 . This value is between 0,5 meter and 8 meter but preferably 2 meter.
9) CLAIM 9 the optimal value of injection speed during the treatment CLAIMED IN CLAIM 1 . This value is between 10 and 60 meter per second but preferably 35 meter per second.
10) CLAIM 10 the injection angle of the dispenser nozzles dipped under the surface of the water as CLAIMED IN CLAIM 8 . This value is between 0° and 60° towards high but preferably 40° for a better ions stay in the exchange interface air - water.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITPI2007A000096 | 2007-08-09 | ||
IT000096A ITPI20070096A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 | 2007-08-09 | FERTILIZATION SYSTEM FOR FITOPLANCTON MARINO, AIMED AT THE MAXIMUM ATMOSPHERIC CO2 ABSORPTION. THE OPERATION IS CARRIED OUT IN TWO PHASES PRIMARY TREATMENT WITH MIX OF 3 CONSTITUENTS AND SECONDARY TREATMENT WITH MIX OF 4 CONSTITUENTS ALL OF |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2009019529A1 true WO2009019529A1 (en) | 2009-02-12 |
Family
ID=39276192
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/IB2007/003833 WO2009019529A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 | 2007-11-07 | Fertilization system for the marine phytoplankton to absorb atmospheric co2 comprising two different treatment phases |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
IT (1) | ITPI20070096A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009019529A1 (en) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997005085A1 (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1997-02-13 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Water-buoyant particulate materials containing micronutrients for phytoplankton |
WO1998026653A1 (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1998-06-25 | Markels Michael Jr | Method of increasing seafood production in the barren ocean |
WO2000065902A1 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2000-11-09 | Markels Michael Jr | Method of sequestering carbon dioxide |
US6199317B1 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 2001-03-13 | Tetra Co., Ltd | Materials for growing algae and artificial fishing banks |
WO2005121313A2 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2005-12-22 | Sampath Kumar Thothathri | A composition for growth of diatom algae |
US20060081028A1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-20 | Hammons Bob G | Water soluble fertilizer having chelated micronutrients for use in fish ponds |
WO2006104809A2 (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2006-10-05 | Engel, Marc | Method of controlling and modulating hurricanes |
-
2007
- 2007-08-09 IT IT000096A patent/ITPI20070096A1/en unknown
- 2007-11-07 WO PCT/IB2007/003833 patent/WO2009019529A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1997005085A1 (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1997-02-13 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Water-buoyant particulate materials containing micronutrients for phytoplankton |
US6199317B1 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 2001-03-13 | Tetra Co., Ltd | Materials for growing algae and artificial fishing banks |
WO1998026653A1 (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1998-06-25 | Markels Michael Jr | Method of increasing seafood production in the barren ocean |
WO2000065902A1 (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2000-11-09 | Markels Michael Jr | Method of sequestering carbon dioxide |
WO2005121313A2 (en) * | 2004-06-07 | 2005-12-22 | Sampath Kumar Thothathri | A composition for growth of diatom algae |
US20060081028A1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-20 | Hammons Bob G | Water soluble fertilizer having chelated micronutrients for use in fish ponds |
WO2006104809A2 (en) * | 2005-03-28 | 2006-10-05 | Engel, Marc | Method of controlling and modulating hurricanes |
Non-Patent Citations (5)
Title |
---|
BUESSELER KEN O ET AL: "The effects of iron fertilization on carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean", SCIENCE (WASHINGTON D C), vol. 304, no. 5669, 16 April 2004 (2004-04-16), pages 414 - 417, XP002477740, ISSN: 0036-8075 * |
COALE K H: "EFFECTS OF IRON MANGANESE COPPER AND ZINC ENRICHMENTS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOMASS IN THE SUBARCTIC PACIFIC", LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY, vol. 36, no. 8, 1991, & AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY SYMPOSIUM, SAN MARCOS, CALIFORNIA, USA, FEBRUARY 22-2, pages 1851 - 1864, XP002477866, ISSN: 0024-3590 * |
COALE KENNETH H ET AL: "Southern ocean iron enrichment experiment: Carbon cycling in high- and low-Si waters", SCIENCE (WASHINGTON D C), vol. 304, no. 5669, 16 April 2004 (2004-04-16), pages 408 - 414, XP002477741, ISSN: 0036-8075 * |
COALE, K.H. ET AL.: "IronEx-I, an in situ iron-enrichment experiment: Experimental design, implementation and results", DEEP-SEA RESEARCH II, vol. 45, 1998, pages 919 - 945, XP002477865 * |
HISCOCK ET AL: "Nutrient and carbon parameters during the Southern Ocean iron experiment (SOFeX)", DEEP SEA RESEARCH. PART 1. OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS, PERGAMON PRESS, OXFORD, GB, vol. 52, no. 11, November 2005 (2005-11-01), pages 2086 - 2108, XP005102155, ISSN: 0967-0637 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ITPI20070096A1 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Xu et al. | Physiological response of a golden tide alga (Sargassum muticum) to the interaction of ocean acidification and phosphorus enrichment | |
Dortch et al. | Response of marine phytoplankton to nitrogen deficiency: decreased nitrate uptake vs enhanced ammonium uptake | |
Caraco et al. | Effects of CO2 on competition between a cyanobacterium and eukaryotic phytoplankton | |
JP2008501334A (en) | Composition for the growth of diatomae | |
Raven | Land plant biochemistry | |
KR101464276B1 (en) | Nutrient agent for plant and manufacturing method the same | |
US11330775B2 (en) | Method for the sequestration of carbon dioxide using plant biomass and associated use | |
Reay | Nitrogen and climate change: An explosive story | |
CN102613009B (en) | Special nutrient solution for grafting trees | |
Sunda | Trace metals and harmful algal blooms | |
CN106588334A (en) | Water culture nutrient solution formula promoting rooting of dracaena sanderiana | |
WO2009019529A1 (en) | Fertilization system for the marine phytoplankton to absorb atmospheric co2 comprising two different treatment phases | |
Jones et al. | Engineering a large sustainable world fishery | |
EP2141980B1 (en) | Carbon dioxide sequestration using a floating vessel | |
Jimenez Del Rio et al. | Effect of nitrogen supply on photosynthesis and carbonic anhydrase activity in the green seaweed Ulva rigida (Chlorophyta) | |
CN105462842B (en) | A kind of integrated processes of both culturing microalgae and industrial waste gas denitration | |
KR20050030913A (en) | An ionic mineral water as the deep submarine basis well for the agricultural plants thereof its production method. | |
Petheram | Acid rain | |
Liang et al. | Adopting green absorbent for CO2 capture and agricultural utilization: Biogas slurry and biomass ash case | |
KR100254037B1 (en) | An alkaline composition of improving the quality of water and soil | |
CN106031843B (en) | The wet denitration method of industrial waste gas | |
Ali | Impacts of acid rain on environment | |
CN105462841B (en) | A kind of integrated processes of both culturing microalgae and industrial waste gas denitration | |
TW201803970A (en) | American high-tech land recovery and soil remediation technical method capable of restoring soil structure through the intermolecular antagonism/coordination/adsorption and permeation | |
HATTA et al. | PHYTOREMEDIATION AS PHYTOTECHNOLOGY APPROACH FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
DPE2 | Request for preliminary examination filed before expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 07848995 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 07848995 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |