WO2008150250A1 - Outil ultrasonique destiné à augmenter la résistance mécanique de métaux et à les traiter par relaxation - Google Patents

Outil ultrasonique destiné à augmenter la résistance mécanique de métaux et à les traiter par relaxation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008150250A1
WO2008150250A1 PCT/UA2008/000030 UA2008000030W WO2008150250A1 WO 2008150250 A1 WO2008150250 A1 WO 2008150250A1 UA 2008000030 W UA2008000030 W UA 2008000030W WO 2008150250 A1 WO2008150250 A1 WO 2008150250A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ultrasonic
tkc
glass
housing
tool
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/UA2008/000030
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Georgiy Prokopenko
Alexander Lugovskoy
Andrey Movchanyuk
Jacob Kleiman
Yuriy Kudryavtsev
Valeriy Chorniy
Original Assignee
Chornaya, Bogdana
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chornaya, Bogdana filed Critical Chornaya, Bogdana
Publication of WO2008150250A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008150250A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
    • B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B39/00—Burnishing machines or devices, i.e. requiring pressure members for compacting the surface zone; Accessories therefor
    • B24B39/006—Peening and tools therefor

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of technological use of energy of ultrasonic vibrations to create a high-frequency impact on metals and can be applied in engineering, shipbuilding and other industries, in particular, for strain hardening and relaxation processing of metal surfaces of parts and welds of critical structures that work in vibration loading conditions and are subject to fatigue failure.
  • Surface hardening of metal products and welds significantly increases the efficiency of machine parts, increases their quality and service life.
  • PPD surface plastic deformation
  • methods of surface plastic deformation (PPD) such as rolling by balls and rollers, shot peening, pneumatic and electrodynamic processing, vibration rolling, and others, are widely used.
  • Significantly increased interest in high-energy types of surface treatment which include surface hardening using ultrasonic vibrations.
  • test results and operating practice show that in the processing of metals and, especially, high-strength materials, the ultrasonic method is the most effective. With its help, it is possible to significantly increase the mechanical properties of structural materials and, above all, to increase the fatigue strength and wear resistance. In turn, the productivity and quality of the ultrasonic treatment process, energy consumption and ease of use are largely dependent on the design and type of ultrasonic instrument.
  • a known ultrasonic tool for finishing the surface of parts (Russian Patent JNa 2266805 Cl, IPC B24B 39/00, 2005), containing an ultrasonic emitter, which includes a magnetostrictive transducer and a vibrational velocity transformer (TKC) rigidly connected to it.
  • the emitter is located in a tank equipped with a liquid cooling system.
  • the tank is located in the tool body and contacts it through a spring, which is necessary for pressing the emitter to the work surface with a certain force.
  • the TKC is rigidly connected by a pin to a cylindrical hardened steel extension waveguide, the length of which is a multiple of ⁇ / 2, where ⁇ is the longitudinal wavelength in the waveguide material.
  • the end of the waveguide is a holder having the form of a glass with through holes in the end, in which the rods with bulges are installed.
  • An annular groove is made in the nodal plane of the waveguide, in which the balls are placed with the possibility of rolling, and the union nut screwed to the glass limits its movement along the axis of the waveguide towards the placement of the rods due to the balls protruding above the surface of the waveguide.
  • the tank is equipped with a coolant inlet and outlet and is secured with a union nut in the TKC nodal plane.
  • a magnetostrictive transducer As a source of ultrasonic vibrations, a magnetostrictive transducer is used, the efficiency (efficiency) of which is significantly lower than that of a piezoelectric transducer.
  • magnetostrictive converters require liquid cooling and the supply of appropriate hoses, which in total increases the weight of the device and creates inconvenience, especially when working with a hand tool.
  • the use of a steel waveguide extension also increases the weight of the device and the acoustic loss due to the additional threaded connection.
  • a vibration impact tool with ultrasonic excitation ( Russian Patent JMo 2179919 C2, IPC B25D 9/14, B06B 1/08, B06B 1/12, B24B 39/04, 2000), comprising a housing with elastic vibration-isolating gaskets and an ultrasound source, consisting of magnetostrictive transducer and TKC.
  • the ultrasound source is housed in a housing with the possibility of reciprocating motion, and the clip with strikers is installed near the end of the TKC.
  • the device has a forced air cooling system, while the magnetostrictive transducer and TKC are fixed in the sleeve, which is located on the slide rails connected to the housing. Between the outer surface of the sleeve and the inner surface of the housing there is a gap for the release of compressed air.
  • the known device uses an air cooling system to remove heat from a magnetostrictive vibrator that does not have a developed heat exchange surface, which reduces the cooling efficiency, and the absence of a temperature sensor can lead to uncontrolled overheating and failure of the tool.
  • the holder with the strikers, which become very hot during operation, is the second heat source, which in this case is not amenable to forced cooling, therefore, heat generation in the processing zone heats the TKC and other parts of the device, which leads to additional interruptions in operation for cooling them and reduces performance.
  • Another disadvantage of the known device is its fragility, which is caused by the abrasion of steel dies, which in turn destroy the end face of the TKC. Lack of an indicator of the clamping of the strikers to the surface to be treated and a complex clamping system, consisting of a spring and compressed air, lead to instability of ultrasonic vibro-shock processing (UZVUO).
  • the closest to the proposed device in terms of features and technical result is an ultrasonic tool for strain hardening and relaxation processing of metals (Patent of Ukraine N ° 68264, IPC B24B 39/00, B06B 1/06, 2007), containing a housing with a protective rubber cover and cover , in which an ultrasonic transducer connected to the TKC and having a holder with percussion elements is installed.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is mounted in a glass with the possibility of axial reciprocating motion inside the housing.
  • the sensors for the reciprocating motion of the ultrasonic transducer and its temperature which are included in the start and stop system of the ultrasonic oscillation generator.
  • a handle with an elastic cover and the possibility of rotation around the axis of the housing is also fixed on the body.
  • the metal cup covers the ultrasonic transducer and the TKC, which in the nodal plane is mounted on the edge of the cup through a vibration-proof gasket.
  • a cylindrical nozzle is also installed on the same axis with a thin end of the TKC, and the holder is located on the free end of the nozzle with the possibility of rotation around its axis and quick removal.
  • the pneumatic chamber is made in the form of a cavity between the lid and the bottom of the glass, and the ultrasonic transducer is a composite piezoceramic vibrator.
  • a spring is located in the pneumatic chamber, providing reciprocating movement of the moving part of the tool.
  • the known instrument has an ineffective cooling system due to the fact that the ultrasonic transducer does not have a developed heat exchange surface and is placed in a sealed metal canister, which only gives off heat through the movement of atmospheric air when the volume of the air chamber changes.
  • the heated holder with hammers is cooled only by free cooling. Placing the temperature sensor at the bottom of the glass leads to an error in measuring the temperature of the ultrasonic transducer, so the instrument may overheat and fail during prolonged use.
  • Using an optical sensor with a shutter as a reciprocating motion sensor leads to malfunctions during operation of the tool in conditions of vibration, shock, exposure to dust and humidity.
  • the basis of the invention is the task of improving the well-known ultrasonic tool for strain hardening and relaxation processing of metals by reducing heating by increasing the efficiency of forced air cooling of the ultrasonic transducer and heated structural elements, as well as increasing the reliability of temperature control for the most critical heating element - piezoceramic ultrasonic converter.
  • measures have been taken to reduce wear on the working surfaces of the strikers and the end face of the TKC. This will make it possible to increase the productivity of the ultrasonic air-ignition control system, increase the reliability and service life of the tool, and ensure safety and convenience during its operation.
  • an indicator is mounted in the tool body p is the pressure force of the shock elements in the form of a
  • the displacement sensor of the ultrasonic transducer relative to the housing turns on the ultrasonic generator only after reliable contact of the projectiles with the surface of the processing zone and automatically turns it off after removing the minimum force of the projectiles. It is made in the form of a magnetic Hall sensor. The sensor is enclosed in a sealed stainless steel cup and interacts through its walls with a magnet that is mounted on the housing. This design increases the reliability of its operation, which reduces the risk of the converter idling and, accordingly, its unacceptable overheating.
  • the same coating is carried out on the spherical surface of the impact elements, which acts on the surface to be machined, which also increases the overall resource of the tool, improves the quality of the ultrasonic shock absorbers and reduces tool downtime for replacing worn hammers.
  • the elastic axial reciprocating movement of the ultrasonic transducer relative to the housing provides a shock to the impactors to the work surface with a certain force.
  • the degree of plastic deformation of the metal surface depends on the clamp force at a constant amplitude of the oscillations of the transducer, therefore, control of the pressing force by the degree of elastic deformation (displacement of the locking pin relative to the housing) by the displacement indicator makes it possible to control the modes of the ultrasonic vibrating system and optimize it depending on the strength of the material being processed, as well as on the design features of the part or product.
  • the vibrations that occur during the processing of products are largely damped due to the shock-absorbing properties of the spring and the air that is inside the pneumatic chamber.
  • figure 1 shows the proposed ultrasonic instrument in section
  • figure 2 is a view from the side of the pin (view along arrow A).
  • An ultrasonic tool for strain hardening and relaxation processing of metals contains an ultrasonic composite piezoceramic transducer 1, which consists of two piezoceramic rings 2, compressed with a tie pin 3 between the back plate 4 and the step transformer of vibrational velocity (TKC) 5, made, for example, of titanium alloy, which has an output end b of smaller diameter.
  • the ultrasonic transducer is installed with a gap in a sealed stainless steel cup 7 so that its edge 8 is connected to the TKC nodal plane through a vibration isolation seal 9.
  • a cylindrical nozzle 10 is attached to the edge 8, which is placed on the same axis as the TKC.
  • At the output end of the nozzle mounted holder 11 in the form of a glass with the possibility of rotation around its axis.
  • the glass 7 is installed with a gap in the housing 16 on two slide rails 17 made, for example, of fluoroplastic.
  • the pneumatic chamber 18, formed by the inner surface of the housing 16, the outer surface of the cup and the guides 17, is connected to the external environment through the damper slot 19.
  • a compression spring 20 is placed in the pneumatic chamber between the edge 8 of the cup and the protrusion 21 of the housing.
  • a stopper is fixed on it in the form of a pin 22, which can move in the longitudinal groove 23 of the housing.
  • a magnetic sensor 24 (for example, a Hall sensor) is mounted in the glass 7, which interacts with a magnet 25 located opposite it in the housing 16 during the reciprocating motion.
  • an ultrasonic transducer 26 is mounted on the end of the back plate 4.
  • a cable 28 is connected through an airtight seal in the lid 27 of the glass 7, connected at one end to an ultrasonic generator (not shown), and the other to piezoceramic ring electrodes 2.
  • a magnetic sensor 24 and a temperature sensor 26 are connected appropriate wires to the start-up circuit of the ultrasonic generator.
  • the housing 16 and the handle 29 attached thereto are equipped with elastic cuffs 30 and 31, for example, of porous rubber.
  • the degree of displacement of the pin 22 in the groove 23 of the housing is displayed on the indicator 32 (Fig. 2) in the form of a ruler or bar, which has multi-colored zones (for example, green, yellow, red).
  • the indicator 32 Fig. 2
  • Fig. 2 in the form of a ruler or bar, which has multi-colored zones (for example, green, yellow, red).
  • the back plate 4 and the thick part of the TKC 5 have a developed heat-exchange surface in the form of ribs 34.
  • the cavity of the cup 7 is connected by the holes 35 in the TKC with the space between the thin end of the TKC 6 and the nozzle 10, and in the holder 11 holes 36 are made along the impact elements 15 for the cooling outlet air to the atmosphere.
  • a carbide plate for example, of BK20 alloy, is brazed to the end face 37 of the thin end of TKC 6, or a carbide coating of the same alloy is applied by electrospark.
  • Impact elements 15 also have a carbide coating on the working spherical surfaces in contact with the surface of the product.
  • Ultrasonic instrument works as follows. First, the voltage of the electric network is applied to the ultrasonic generator and the air cooling system is turned on. Compressed air enters the tool through the nozzle 33, passes through the channels between the cooling fins 34, through the through holes 35, 36 in the TKC 5 and the holder 11. Impact elements 15 are brought into contact with the work surface before starting work. By pressing the handle 29, the axial displacement of the entire oscillatory system of the tool, located in the cup 7, relative to the housing 16 by 3-5 mm is achieved until the magnetic sensor 24, which is mounted on the cover of the cup 27, falls into the range of the magnet 25. B At this moment, a high-frequency voltage is applied to the piezoceramic plates, which transform it into mechanical vibrations of the ultrasonic frequency.
  • TKC increases the amplitude of oscillations at its free end to 20-30 microns.
  • the shock elements 15 pressed to it begin to make forced vibrations, moving in the holes of the holder 11.
  • the kinetic energy received by the shock elements from the ultrasonic transducer is spent on deforming the surface and on the elastic rebound back.
  • the tool is pressed to the surface with a force of the order of 40-60H, the spring 20 is deformed and the pin 22 is displaced by the corresponding distance in the groove 23.
  • the amount of displacement proportional to the clamp of the shock elements 15 is displayed on indicator 32, which has a metric scale and can be controlled by the operator.
  • the air in the pneumatic chamber 18 during compression of the spring is also compressed and begins to escape through the damper slot 19.
  • the tool is informed of translational motion in the direction perpendicular to its axis and the product is processed, covering the entire necessary surface.
  • Vibrations (low- and high-frequency) that occur in the tool during processing of products are partially absorbed by the vibration isolation seal 9. Additionally, the vibrations are absorbed by the spring 20 and the pneumatic chamber 18, which significantly reduces their harmful effect on the operator’s hands. The reduction of vibration loads on the operator is also due to the vibration isolation properties of elastic cuffs 30, 31.
  • Such multi-stage protection (using various physical factors - elasticity, friction, viscosity) from the action of vibrations allows to reduce their level to the values allowed by the relevant regulatory documents when working with ultrasonic equipment.
  • the ability to rotate the holder 11 with impact elements around its axis reduces the wear of the end face of the TKC 5, and the ability to quickly replace the holder together with impact elements increases the convenience of working with the tool due to time savings.
  • the use of effective heat removal from a heated piezoelectric transducer with control of its temperature and cooling of the head with shock elements increases the reliability of the tool and operational safety, and maintaining the working state of the TKC end extends the life of the tool.
  • the multi-stage vibration protection system reduces the level of vibration in all modes of vibration-shock processing.
  • the control of the pressure force of the shock elements, the increase in the resource of the output ends of the shock elements and their quick replacement increases the quality and UZVUO performance.
  • the special design of the reciprocating motion sensor increases the reliability and ease of use of the instrument.
  • Example. A device was manufactured that had a maximum amplitude of oscillations of the piezoelectric transducer at the end of the TKC near ZOkmkm, the operating frequency of the ultrasonic generator was 22 KHz and consumed 400 W of power from the electric network.
  • the ultrasonic transducer and holder with shock elements had an allowable temperature of up to 60 0 C with continuous operation of the device for 15 minutes Vibrations and shock loads that occurred during the processing of metal surfaces were significantly reduced by the vibration isolation system, which ensured a long and safe operation of the operator.
  • the durability of the working end of TKC during the processing of steels of medium strength increased by 3-4 times. By maintaining the working state of the end face of TKC and the output ends of the shock elements, the surface treatment efficiency and productivity increased.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
  • Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un outil ultrasonique destiné à augmenter par déformations la résistance mécanique de métaux et à les traiter par relaxation. Elle se rapporte au domaine de l'utilisation technologique de l'énergie des oscillations ultrasoniques et peut s'utiliser dans des industries de constructions mécaniques, navale ou autres, y compris pour le traitement de surfaces métalliques et des soudures de constructions d'importance critique qui subissent des charges vibratoires, et vise à renforcer leur résistance à la fatigue. L'invention vise à réduire le réchauffement d'un transducteur ultrasonique en augmentant l'efficacité du refroidissement à air forcé et la fiabilité du contrôle de température d'un transducteur ultrasonique piézocéramique; elle vise également à augmenter la résistance et la durée de vie des surfaces de travail de l'instrument et des éléments à impact. Dans ce but, on a monté le capteur de température directement sur le bord arrière du transducteur ultrasonique. On a également fait dans certains éléments structurels des orifices d'amenée d'air comprimé dans la zone de traitement, et on a doté les pièces de l'émetteur d'une surface d'échange de chaleur sous la forme de radiateurs. Le bord de travail du transformateur de vitesse d'oscillation et les extrémités d'éléments d'impact sont dotés d'un revêtement en alliage dur. Le capteur du mouvement en va-et-vient de l'émetteur a des capacités de sensibilité magnétique et est disposéen face d'un aimant permanent fixé dans le boîtier. L'utilisation de l'invention dans des outils ultrasoniques utilisant l'impact permet de réduire le réchauffement du transducteur ultrasonique et d'augmenter la durée du cycle de travail, de réduire l'usure des surfaces des éléments à impact, de contrôler les régimes de traitement et d'augmenter la productivité de travail et la fiabilité de l'outil.
PCT/UA2008/000030 2007-06-08 2008-06-05 Outil ultrasonique destiné à augmenter la résistance mécanique de métaux et à les traiter par relaxation WO2008150250A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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UAA200706372 2007-06-08
UAA200706372A UA87006C2 (uk) 2007-06-08 2007-06-08 Ультразвуковий інструмент для деформаційного зміцнення і релаксаційної обробки металів

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104962724A (zh) * 2015-06-12 2015-10-07 邯郸市海拓机械科技有限公司 一种便携式超声波冲击枪
WO2016055254A1 (fr) * 2014-10-07 2016-04-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Outil électrique à main pourvu d'un excitateur vibrant
CN108705384A (zh) * 2018-07-03 2018-10-26 昆山科森科技股份有限公司 用于医疗器械零件的毛刺去除装置
CN109513908A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-26 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 一种适用于长时间处理镁合金熔体的超声装置
RU2721486C1 (ru) * 2019-12-02 2020-05-20 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Донской государственный технический университет", (ДГТУ) Устройство для поверхностной отделочно-упрочняющей обработки деталей
CN115319401A (zh) * 2022-07-26 2022-11-11 华东理工大学 一种伸缩旋转式超声多加工头、加工装置及加工方法

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UA99303C2 (uk) 2010-03-12 2012-08-10 Якоб Исакович Клейман Ультразвуковий інструмент для деформаційної обробки поверхонь та зварних з'єднань
UA105363C2 (ru) * 2010-11-04 2014-05-12 Юрий Филиппович Кудрявцев Ультразвуковой инструмент для ударной обработки деталей и сварных соединений
WO2012064310A1 (fr) * 2010-11-12 2012-05-18 Kudryavtsev Yuriy Instrument ultrasonore pour le traitement par percussion de pièces difficilement accessibles et de joints de soudure
UA99365C2 (uk) * 2010-11-30 2012-08-10 Клейман Якоб Исакович Ультразвуковий інструмент для ударної обробки поверхонь деталей
WO2014168598A1 (fr) * 2013-04-09 2014-10-16 Kudryavtsev Yuriy Instrument ultrasonique pour le traitement par impact des surfaces de pièces

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SU324081A1 (ru) * М. В. Щербак, В. М. Чергештов, В. Н. Гинин, В. Г. Судоргин, Н. И. Щербаченко , Т. Г. Соломатина Ультразвуковая головка для обработки твердых и хрупких материалов
UA68264A (en) * 2003-11-04 2004-07-15 Heorhii Ivanovych Prokopenko Ultrasonic tool for strain hardening and relaxation treatment of metals
RU2259912C1 (ru) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-10 Шестаков Сергей Дмитриевич Ультразвуковой виброударный инструмент
UA9175U (en) * 2005-02-09 2005-09-15 Ultrasonic device for strengthening and nano-structurization of the surface of metals

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SU324081A1 (ru) * М. В. Щербак, В. М. Чергештов, В. Н. Гинин, В. Г. Судоргин, Н. И. Щербаченко , Т. Г. Соломатина Ультразвуковая головка для обработки твердых и хрупких материалов
UA68264A (en) * 2003-11-04 2004-07-15 Heorhii Ivanovych Prokopenko Ultrasonic tool for strain hardening and relaxation treatment of metals
RU2259912C1 (ru) * 2004-02-26 2005-09-10 Шестаков Сергей Дмитриевич Ультразвуковой виброударный инструмент
UA9175U (en) * 2005-02-09 2005-09-15 Ultrasonic device for strengthening and nano-structurization of the surface of metals

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016055254A1 (fr) * 2014-10-07 2016-04-14 Robert Bosch Gmbh Outil électrique à main pourvu d'un excitateur vibrant
CN104962724A (zh) * 2015-06-12 2015-10-07 邯郸市海拓机械科技有限公司 一种便携式超声波冲击枪
CN108705384A (zh) * 2018-07-03 2018-10-26 昆山科森科技股份有限公司 用于医疗器械零件的毛刺去除装置
CN109513908A (zh) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-26 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 一种适用于长时间处理镁合金熔体的超声装置
CN109513908B (zh) * 2018-12-29 2020-11-06 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 一种适用于长时间处理镁合金熔体的超声装置
RU2721486C1 (ru) * 2019-12-02 2020-05-20 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Донской государственный технический университет", (ДГТУ) Устройство для поверхностной отделочно-упрочняющей обработки деталей
CN115319401A (zh) * 2022-07-26 2022-11-11 华东理工大学 一种伸缩旋转式超声多加工头、加工装置及加工方法
CN115319401B (zh) * 2022-07-26 2023-11-03 华东理工大学 一种伸缩旋转式超声多加工头、加工装置及加工方法

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