WO2008141558A1 - Procédé de mesure de l'état de fonctionnement d'une machine rotative par capteur de réseau à fibre optique et son appareil - Google Patents
Procédé de mesure de l'état de fonctionnement d'une machine rotative par capteur de réseau à fibre optique et son appareil Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008141558A1 WO2008141558A1 PCT/CN2008/070849 CN2008070849W WO2008141558A1 WO 2008141558 A1 WO2008141558 A1 WO 2008141558A1 CN 2008070849 W CN2008070849 W CN 2008070849W WO 2008141558 A1 WO2008141558 A1 WO 2008141558A1
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- fiber
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- collimator
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- fiber grating
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35303—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using a reference fibre, e.g. interferometric devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D2205/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of means for transferring or converting the output of a sensing member
- G01D2205/40—Position sensors comprising arrangements for concentrating or redirecting magnetic flux
Definitions
- the invention relates to a non-contact real-time online detection technology for a running state of a rotating machine, in particular to a method and device for detecting a fiber grating sensing state of a rotating machine.
- the working condition of the rotating machine is related to the normal operation of the whole mechanical equipment. Especially for large high-speed rotating machinery, the real-time status of stress, strain, vibration and temperature of the key parts is very important for safe production. Therefore, real-time online monitoring of the rotating machine operating state is of great significance.
- An effective and perfect monitoring system can judge the working state of the rotating body, grasp the changing trend of the physical quantity related to the rotating body, and locate the fault of the rotating body, so as to be timely. Troubleshoot and propose corresponding maintenance decisions and measures to avoid the occurrence of major accidents in rotating machinery and prolong the working life of rotating machinery.
- the conventional rotating body operating state detecting system uses a wireless transmitting and receiving module to derive the operating state signal of the rotating body. Although the wireless transmitting and receiving method and device solves the problem of signal derivation, it may have a destructive effect on the structure of the rotating body.
- the method and device are limited by the use environment, the electromagnetic interference is large, and it is not suitable for working in a relatively humid environment, and since the wireless transmitting module is powered by the power source, the battery needs to be replaced frequently, so it is not suitable for long-term real-time. Safety monitoring.
- the Civil Aviation Flight Academy of China proposed a method and apparatus for measuring the vibration of a propeller using a 135M-12 electronic strobe meter manufactured by Chadwick Helmuth.
- the method does not destroy the wing itself, but uses the vibration value to detect.
- the target is attached to the root of the propeller blade. After driving on the ground, the rotational speed is 1200r/min and 2000r/min respectively, 20m directly in front of the propeller.
- the target is illuminated by the illumination lamp, and the device is adjusted at the corresponding rotation speed.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a method and device for detecting a fiber grating sensing state of a rotating machine.
- the method adopts the fiber grating sensing technology to effectively realize the non-contact real-time online detection of the running state of the rotating machine, and does not need to damage the structure of the rotating machine to be tested.
- the device has the advantages of simple structure, strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, good stability and accurate detection. Reliable features.
- the method for detecting a running state of a rotating optical fiber grating is to mount a front fiber collimator on a support frame, and a rear fiber collimator is mounted on the rotating body to be tested.
- On the shaft at least one fiber grating sensor is fixed on the rotating body to be tested, and the front fiber collimator and the rear fiber collimator are arranged opposite each other.
- the light wave emitted by the light source is passed through a Y-type fiber coupler into the front fiber collimator to adjust the position of the front fiber collimator and the rear fiber collimator, so that their transmitted light and the rotating body to be tested are rotated.
- the shaft is in a concentric state such that light waves enter the rear fiber collimator from the front fiber collimator and are transmitted to the fiber grating sensor to produce a reflected light wave.
- the reflected light wave of the FBG sensor is constant; when the operating state of the tested rotating body changes, the grating pitch is changed, resulting in the reflected light wave of the FBG sensor due to the wavelength. Drift and corresponding changes occur.
- the reflected light wave is returned along the fiber grating sensor, the rear fiber collimator, the front fiber collimator and the Y-type fiber coupler, and transmitted to the fiber grating demodulator for demodulation, and then the data is demodulated. Analytical processing, the online running state detection of the tested rotating body can be completed.
- the Y-type fiber coupler is a mature product, which is a three-terminal coupler, and its function is to distribute the optical signal input by one fiber to two fibers, or to input light from two fibers. The signals are combined and a fiber is input.
- the so-called front fiber collimator and the rear fiber collimator are distinguished only by their different mounting positions, and the structures of the two are the same.
- the fiber collimator is also a mature product, which is precisely positioned by the fiber pigtail and the self-focusing lens. It can convert the transmitted light in the fiber into collimated light (parallel light) or focus the outside parallel light into it. Inside the fiber. By adjusting the transmission light of the front fiber collimator and the rear fiber collimator on the same axis, the transmitted light wave can be transmitted in an efficient and low-cost coupling, thereby converting the running state of the rotating body into the wavelength of the reflected light wave of the sensing fiber grating. Changed non-contact measurement.
- the FBG sensor is fixed to the rotating body to be tested by pasting or embedding.
- this kind of treatment generally does not cause damage to the rotating body to be tested, and can ensure the integrity of the tested rotating body, so that the stress, strain and vibration of the tested rotating body during operation can be accurately obtained. Temperature and other parameters.
- a plurality of fiber grating sensors can be respectively fixed on different parts of the rotating body to be tested, so that the multi-field and multi-parameter distribution of the measured rotating body can be realized by demodulating the multi-path detecting signals. measuring.
- the FBG sensor itself is extremely light, even negligible, it does not have any influence on the structure of the rotating body to be tested after being pasted or embedded in the rotating body to be tested.
- the method of the invention is different from the prior art in that: the invisible measurement of the running state of the rotating body is realized by the invisible transmission of the light wave by a pair of optical fiber collimators, and the transmission line and the rotating body caused by the tangible transmission of the signal by the transmission line are avoided. Or rotating the shaft to wrap the problem.
- the fiber Bragg grating sensor used is a passive device, which effectively overcomes the disadvantages of the wireless module mounted on the rotating body being exhausted due to energy exhaustion.
- the fiber grating sensor is used to detect the change of the wavelength of the light wave.
- the physical quantity of the sensing is characterized by the wavelength of the light wave, which is not affected by the change of the transmitted light intensity, and fundamentally solves the technical problem of the non-contact monitoring of the on-line state of the rotating machine.
- a fiber optic grating sensing detecting device for a rotating machine operating state specially designed for realizing the method of the present invention is a non-contact passive detecting device.
- the device includes a light source, a fiber grating demodulator, a Y-type fiber coupler, front and rear fiber collimators, and fiber Bragg grating sensors.
- the optical path interface of the light source and the fiber grating demodulator is respectively connected to two branch ends of the Y-type fiber coupler through a front-end transmission fiber, and the main end of the Y-type fiber coupler passes through the intermediate transmission fiber and the front fiber collimator
- the pigtail ends are connected, the front fiber collimator is mounted on the support frame, the front fiber collimator is aligned with the rear fiber collimator, and the rear fiber collimator is mounted on the rotation axis of the tested rotating body
- the transmission light of the front and rear fiber collimators and the rotating shaft are in a concentric state during measurement, and the pigtail end of the rear fiber collimator is connected to the rear end transmission fiber, and the rear end
- At least one fiber grating sensor is serially connected to the transmission fiber, and the fiber grating sensor is fixed on the rotating body to be tested.
- the so-called front-end transmission fiber, the intermediate transmission fiber, and the rear-end transmission fiber are simply referred to according to the difference in their connection positions, and the structures of the three are the same.
- One difference is that a fiber grating sensor is connected or distributed in series on the rear transmission fiber.
- the FBG sensor it is preferable to attach the FBG sensor to the surface of the rotating body to be tested or to be buried in the rotating body to be tested, so as not to cause damage to the rotating body to be tested, and to ensure the integrity of the rotating body to be tested.
- parameters such as stress, strain, vibration and temperature of the tested rotating body during operation can be accurately obtained.
- the device of the present invention it is preferable to distribute a plurality of fiber grating sensors in series in a rear end transmission fiber, and the plurality of fiber grating sensors are respectively fixed on different parts of the rotating body to be tested. This can achieve the rotation of the measured Measurement of the distribution of multiple parts and multiple parameters.
- the device of the invention Compared with the traditional sensor for detecting the running state of the rotating body, the device of the invention has the largest features of passive and non-contact measurement, and the transmitted signal is not affected by the change of light intensity, and has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, high measurement stability and sensitivity. And the accuracy is also greatly improved; and its dynamic performance is good, it can measure the transient changes of the rotating body's operating conditions.
- the sensor used in the present invention is a fiber grating sensor and belongs to an optical sensor, the system is immune to electromagnetic interference, and has good reliability and stability.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the working principle of a fiber grating sensing method for detecting a running state of a rotating machine according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a distribution position of a fiber grating sensor on a rotating body of FIG. 1; Schematic diagram of the fiber grating sensing device of the rotating machine operating state
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the distribution position of a plurality of fiber grating sensors on the rotating body in FIG.
- the rotating mechanical operating state fiber grating sensing detecting device shown in the figure mainly comprises a light source 1, a fiber grating demodulator 2, a Y-type fiber coupler 3, front and rear fiber collimators 6, 7 and a fiber grating sensor 10 And other components.
- the optical path interfaces of the light source 1 and the fiber grating demodulator 2 are respectively connected to the two branch ends of the Y-type fiber coupler 3 through the front end transmission fiber 13, and the main end of the Y-type fiber coupler 3 passes through the intermediate transmission fiber 4 and the front fiber.
- the pigtail ends of the collimator 6 are connected.
- the front fiber collimator 6 is mounted on a support frame 5 whose longitudinal, lateral and vertical three-dimensional distances are adjustable.
- the three-dimensional orientation of the front fiber collimator 6 can be determined by adjusting the support frame 5 to collimate the front fiber.
- the device 6 is aligned with the rear fiber collimator 7.
- the rear fiber collimator 7 is mounted on the rotating shaft 12 of the rotating body 8 to be tested by an axis coincidence adjusting device 14, and the transmission of the front and rear fiber collimators 6, 7 can be adjusted by adjusting the screws on the axis coincidence adjusting device 14.
- the light and the rotating shaft 12 are in a concentric state.
- the pigtail end of the rear fiber collimator 7 is connected to the rear end transmission fiber 9, and at least one fiber grating sensor 10 is distributed in the rear end transmission fiber 9, and a fiber grating sensor 10 is shown in FIG.
- the FBG sensors 10 are respectively fixed on different parts of the rotating body 8 to be tested in a pasting manner for detecting the running state of the different parts, and the corresponding rear-end transmission fiber 9 is also attached to the rotating body 8 to be tested. on.
- the working principle of the above-mentioned rotating machine operating state fiber grating sensing detecting device is as follows: the rear end transmitting optical fiber 9 together with the fiber grating sensor 10 thereon is pasted on the rotating body 8 to be tested, and the light source 1 and the fiber grating demodulator are turned on. 2.
- the light wave emitted by the light source 1 enters the front fiber collimator 6 through the Y-type fiber coupler 3, and the front fiber collimator 6 and the rear fiber collimator 7 are adjusted by adjusting the support frame 5 and the axis coincidence adjusting device 14. of The transmitted light is in a concentric state with the rotating shaft 12 of the rotating body 8 to be measured.
- the rear fiber collimator 7, the rotating object 8 to be tested, the rear end transmission fiber 9, and the fiber grating sensor 10 rotate together with the rotating shaft 12, and have the same angular velocity.
- the front fiber collimator 6 It is well coupled with the rear fiber collimator 7 to efficiently transmit light waves without any interference, so that the light waves enter the rear fiber collimator 7 from the front fiber collimator 6 substantially without loss, and then pass through the back end.
- the transmission fiber 9 is transmitted to the fiber grating sensor 10 and produces a reflected light wave.
- the reflected light wave of the fiber grating sensor 10 is constant.
- the operating state of the rotating body 8 to be measured changes, a change in the grating pitch is caused, resulting in a corresponding change in the reflected light wave of the fiber grating sensor 10 due to wavelength drift.
- the reflected light wave is returned along the fiber grating sensor 10, the rear end transmission fiber 9, the rear fiber collimator 7, the front fiber collimator 6, and the Y-type fiber coupler 3, and is transmitted to the fiber grating demodulator.
- Demodulation in 2 and data analysis processing on the demodulated signal, the online running state detection of the rotating body 8 to be tested can be completed.
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Description
旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测方法及其装置 技术领域
本发明涉及旋转机械运行状态的非接触实时在线检测技术, 具体地指一种旋转 机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测方法及其装置。
背景技术
旋转机械的工作状况关系到整个机械装备的正常运行, 特别是对大型高速旋转 机械而言, 其关键部位的应力、 应变、 振动以及温度等实时状态的好坏, 对安全生 产十分重要。 因此, 对旋转机械运行状态进行实时在线监测具有重大意义, 一个有 效而又完善的监测系统可以判断旋转体的工作状态、 在线掌握旋转体相关物理量的 变化趋势、 定位旋转体的故障所在, 以便及时排除故障, 并提出相应维护决策与措 施, 从而避免旋转机械重大事故的发生, 延长旋转机械的工作寿命。
然而长期以来, 旋转体运行状态的在线监测问题一直未能得到有效解决。 究其 原因, 主要是由于机械在运行时始终处于旋转状态, 若采用传输线导出信号, 则可 能导致传输线与旋转体或者旋转轴缠绕, 而如何将信号导出并且对旋转体的运行状 态进行实时监测成为本领域的技术瓶颈。 传统的旋转体运行状态检测系统是采用无 线发射和接收模块将旋转体的运行状态信号导出。 该无线发射和接收方法及装置虽 然解决了信号的导出问题, 但会对旋转体的结构产生破坏影响, 例如检测直升机旋 翼的压力时, 首先要在旋翼上钻孔, 然后将压力传感器放入孔中进行测量, 这样不 仅破坏了旋翼原有的应力结构分布, 也难以实现准确的压力测量, 由此还带来了巨 额的投资。 另外, 这种方法及装置受使用环境的限制, 电磁干扰很大, 不适宜在较 潮湿的环境下工作, 且由于无线发射模块由电源提供能量,所以需要经常更换电池, 因此也不适合长期实时安全监测。
为了解决上述问题, 在 2001年第 3期《航空工程与维修》 中, 中国民航飞行学 院提出了一种采用 Chadwick Helmuth公司生产的 135M-12型电子闪频仪测量螺旋 桨振动的方法和装置, 该方法不用破坏机翼的本身, 而是用振动值来进行检测, 具 体地是将靶标粘贴在螺旋桨叶根部, 地面开车后, 转速分别在 1200r/min 和 2000r/min,在螺旋桨正前方 20m处,用照射灯照射靶标,调节该装置在相应转速中, 待靶标的反射亮点稳定后, 从指示仪表上读出其振动值, 由此可以掌握螺旋桨的振 动程度和振动数据。 该方法虽然避免了机翼破坏的问题, 但所采用的传输信号仍然 容易受到电磁干扰, 也不能实现实时监测。 又如, 在 2001年第 2期 《直升机技术》 和 2002年第 5期《振动工程学报》中, 南京理工大学和南京航空航天大学振动所也
提出了一种根据机体振动幅值频谱来识别旋翼故障类型和程度的方法和装置, 该方 法采用神经网络系统完成机体振动幅值频谱来识别旋翼故障类型和故障程度之间的 映射关系, 以达到动态检测的目的。 但该方法组建神经网络进行运算较为繁琐, 且 这种间接的方式不可能准确地掌握旋转体的运行状态, 所采用的光电传感器也容易 受到电磁干扰。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是要克服现有技术所存在的不足, 提供一种旋转机械运行状态 光纤光栅传感检测方法及其装置。 该方法采用光纤光栅传感技术能有效实现旋转机 械运行状态的非接触实时在线检测, 不需破坏被测旋转机械的结构, 该装置具有结 构简单、 抗电磁干扰能力强、 稳定性好、 检测准确可靠的特点。
为实现上述目的, 本发明所设计的旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测方法, 是将一个前光纤准直器安装在支撑架上, 将一个后光纤准直器安装在被测旋转体的 旋转轴上, 将至少一只光纤光栅传感器固定在被测旋转体上, 并将前光纤准直器和 后光纤准直器相对布置。测量时让光源发出的光波通过一个 Y型光纤耦合器进入到 前光纤准直器中, 调节前光纤准直器和后光纤准直器的位置, 使它们的传输光线与 被测旋转体的旋转轴呈同轴心状态, 从而使光波从前光纤准直器进入到后光纤准直 器中, 再传输到光纤光栅传感器中, 并产生一个反射光波。 当被测旋转体的运行状 态稳定时, 光纤光栅传感器的反射光波是恒定的; 当被测旋转体的运行状态发生改 变时, 会引起光栅栅距的变化, 导致光纤光栅传感器的反射光波因波长漂移而发生 相应的变化。 让该反射光波沿光纤光栅传感器、 后光纤准直器、 前光纤准直器和 Y 型光纤耦合器原路返回, 并传输到光纤光栅解调器中进行解调, 再对解调信号进行 数据分析处理, 即可完成被测旋转体的在线运行状态检测。
本发明方法中, Y型光纤耦合器为现有成熟产品, 它是一种三端耦合器, 其功 能是把一根光纤输入的光信号分配给两根光纤, 或把两根光纤输入的光信号组合在 一起, 输入一根光纤。
本发明方法中, 所谓前光纤准直器和后光纤准直器只是根据它们安装位置的不 同而作的区别称呼, 两者的结构是相同的。 这种光纤准直器也为现有成熟产品, 由 光纤尾纤与自聚焦透镜精确定位而成, 可将光纤内的传输光转变成准直光(平行光) 或将外界的平行光聚焦进光纤内。 通过调节使前光纤准直器和后光纤准直器的传输 光线处于同一轴线上, 能使传输光波在其中高效、 低耗耦合传递, 实现将旋转体运 行状态转化为传感光纤光栅反射光波波长改变的非接触测量。
本发明方法中, 将光纤光栅传感器以粘贴或埋入的方式固定到被测旋转体上是
最简单、 最有效的方式, 这样处理一般不会对被测旋转体造成破坏, 可以确保被测 旋转体的完整性, 进而可以准确获得被测旋转体在运行状态时的应力、 应变、 振动 和温度等参数。
本发明方法中, 可以同时将多只光纤光栅传感器分别固定在被测旋转体的不同 部位上, 这样通过对多路检测信号的解调, 可以实现对被测旋转体多场、 多参量的 分布测量。 并且, 由于光纤光栅传感器本身重量极轻, 甚至可以忽略不计, 粘贴或 埋入到被测旋转体上后, 不会对被测旋转体的结构产生任何影响。
本发明方法不同于已有技术的是: 通过一对光纤准直器对光波的无形传递来实 现旋转体运行状态的非接触测量, 避免了采用传输线对信号进行有形传递而导致的 传输线与旋转体或旋转轴缠绕问题。 同时, 所采用的光纤光栅传感器为无源器件, 有效克服了安装在旋转体上的无线模块因能源耗尽而导致系统无法正常运行的弊 端。 另外, 光纤光栅传感器用于检测光波波长的变化, 其传感的物理量由光波波长 表征, 不受传输光强度变化的影响, 从根本上解决了旋转机械在线状态非接触监测 的技术难题。
为实现本发明方法而专门设计的旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测装置, 是 一种非接触式的无源检测装置。 该装置包括光源, 光纤光栅解调器, Y型光纤耦合 器, 前、 后光纤准直器, 以及光纤光栅传感器等部件。 所述光源和光纤光栅解调器 的光路接口分别通过前端传输光纤与 Y型光纤耦合器的两个分支端相连,所述 Y型 光纤耦合器的主端通过中间传输光纤与前光纤准直器的尾纤端相连, 所述前光纤准 直器安装在支撑架上, 所述前光纤准直器对准后光纤准直器, 所述后光纤准直器安 装在被测旋转体的旋转轴上, 所述前、 后光纤准直器的传输光线和所述旋转轴在测 量时呈同轴心状态, 所述后光纤准直器的尾纤端与后端传输光纤相连, 所述后端传 输光纤中串接有至少一只光纤光栅传感器, 所述光纤光栅传感器固定在被测旋转体 上。
本发明装置中, 所谓前端传输光纤、 中间传输光纤和后端传输光纤只是根据它 们连接位置的不同而作的区别称呼, 三者的结构是相同的。 有一点区别的是: 在后 端传输光纤上串接或分布有光纤光栅传感器。
本发明装置中, 最好将光纤光栅传感器粘贴在被测旋转体的表面上或埋入在被 测旋转体中, 这样不会对被测旋转体造成破坏, 可以确保被测旋转体的完整性, 进 而可以准确获得被测旋转体在运行状态时的应力、 应变、 振动和温度等参数。
本发明装置中, 最好在一根后端传输光纤中分布串接多只光纤光栅传感器, 多 只光纤光栅传感器分别固定在被测旋转体的不同部位上。 这样可以实现对被测旋转
体多个部位、 多个参量的分布测量。
本发明装置相对于传统检测旋转体运行状态的传感器而言, 其最大的特点是无 源以及非接触测量, 传输信号不受光强度变化的影响, 其结构简单、 安装方便、 测 量稳定性高, 灵敏度和精确度也有极大提高; 而且其动态性能好, 能测量旋转体运 行状况的瞬态变化。 由于本发明采用的传感器是光纤光栅传感器,属于光学传感器, 因此该系统不受电磁干扰, 可靠性和稳定性较好。
附图说明
图 1为本发明的旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测方法的工作原理示意图; 图 2为图 1中被测旋转体上的一个光纤光栅传感器的分布位置示意图; 图 3为本发明的一种旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测装置的结构示意图; 图 4为图 3中被测旋转体上的多个光纤光栅传感器的分布位置示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的光纤光栅传感检测方法及其装置作进一 步的详细描述:
图中所示的旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测装置, 主要由光源 1、 光纤光 栅解调器 2、 Y型光纤耦合器 3、 前、 后光纤准直器 6、 7和光纤光栅传感器 10等部 件组成。 光源 1和光纤光栅解调器 2的光路接口分别通过前端传输光纤 13与 Y型 光纤耦合器 3的两个分支端相连, Y型光纤耦合器 3的主端则通过中间传输光纤 4 与前光纤准直器 6的尾纤端相连。 前光纤准直器 6安装在一个纵向、 横向和垂向三 维距离均可调节的支撑架 5上, 可以通过调节支撑架 5来确定前光纤准直器 6的三 维方位, 以使前光纤准直器 6对准后光纤准直器 7。 后光纤准直器 7通过一个轴线 重合调整装置 14安装在被测旋转体 8的旋转轴 12上, 可以通过调节轴线重合调整 装置 14上的螺钉使前、 后光纤准直器 6、 7的传输光线和旋转轴 12呈同轴心状态。 后光纤准直器 7的尾纤端与后端传输光纤 9相连, 后端传输光纤 9中分布有至少一 只光纤光栅传感器 10, 图 2中示出了一只光纤光栅传感器 10, 图 4中示出了四只串 接的光纤光栅传感器 10。 这些光纤光栅传感器 10在检测时以粘贴的方式分别固定 在被测旋转体 8的不同部位上, 用以检测这些不同部位的运行状态, 相应的后端传 输光纤 9也粘贴在被测旋转体 8上。
上述旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测装置的工作原理是这样的: 将后端传 输光纤 9连同其上的光纤光栅传感器 10粘贴在被测旋转体 8上,开启光源 1和光纤 光栅解调器 2,光源 1发出的光波通过 Y型光纤耦合器 3进入到前光纤准直器 6中, 通过调节支撑架 5和轴线重合调整装置 14, 使前光纤准直器 6、 后光纤准直器 7的
传输光线与被测旋转体 8的旋转轴 12呈同轴心状态。此时,一方面后光纤准直器 7、 被测旋转物体 8、后端传输光纤 9、光纤光栅传感器 10与旋转轴 12—起旋转, 具有 相同的角速度, 另一方面前光纤准直器 6与后光纤准直器 7能很好地耦合, 高效传 输光波, 且不受任何干扰, 从而使光波基本上无损耗地从前光纤准直器 6进入到后 光纤准直器 7、 再通过后端传输光纤 9传输到光纤光栅传感器 10中, 并产生一个反 射光波。当被测旋转体 8的运行状态稳定时,光纤光栅传感器 10的反射光波是恒定 的。 当被测旋转体 8的运行状态发生改变时, 会引起光栅栅距的变化, 导致光纤光 栅传感器 10的反射光波因波长漂移而发生相应的变化。此时, 该反射光波沿光纤光 栅传感器 10、 后端传输光纤 9、 后光纤准直器 7、 前光纤准直器 6和 Y型光纤耦合 器 3原路返回, 并传输到光纤光栅解调器 2中进行解调, 再对解调信号进行数据分 析处理, 即可完成被测旋转体 8的在线运行状态检测。
Claims
1. 一种旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测方法, 其特征在于: 该方法是将一 个前光纤准直器 (6) 安装在支撑架 (5) 上, 将一个后光纤准直器 (7) 安装在被测 旋转体 (8) 的旋转轴 (12) 上, 将至少一只光纤光栅传感器 (10) 固定在被测旋转 体 (8) 上, 并将前光纤准直器 (6) 和后光纤准直器 (7) 相对布置; 测量时让光源
(1) 发出的光波通过一个 Y型光纤耦合器 (3) 进入到前光纤准直器 (6) 中, 调 节前光纤准直器 (6) 和后光纤准直器 (7) 的位置, 使它们的传输光线与被测旋转 体 (8) 的旋转轴 (12) 呈同轴心状态, 从而使光波从前光纤准直器 (6) 进入到后 光纤准直器 (7) 中, 再传输到光纤光栅传感器 (10) 中, 并产生一个反射光波; 当 被测旋转体 (8) 的运行状态稳定时, 光纤光栅传感器 (10) 的反射光波是恒定的, 当被测旋转体(8) 的运行状态发生改变时, 光纤光栅传感器(10) 的反射光波波长 将发生相应的变化, 让该反射光波沿光纤光栅传感器 (10) 、 后光纤准直器 (7) 、 前光纤准直器(6)和 Y型光纤耦合器(3)原路返回, 并传输到光纤光栅解调器(2) 中进行解调, 再对解调信号进行数据分析处理, 即可完成被测旋转体(8) 的在线运 行状态检测。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测方法,其特征在 于: 所说的光纤光栅传感器 (10) 有多只, 多只光纤光栅传感器 (10) 分别固定在 被测旋转体 (8) 的不同部位上。
3.根据权利要求 1或 2所述的旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测方法,其特 征在于: 所说的光纤光栅传感器 (10) 以粘贴或埋入的方式固定在被测旋转体 (8) 上。
4.一种采用权利要求 1所述检测方法而专门设计的旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅 传感检测装置, 包括光源 (1) 、 光纤光栅解调器(2) 、 Y型光纤耦合器(3) 、 前、 后光纤准直器 (6、 7) 和光纤光栅传感器 (10) , 其特征在于: 所述光源 (1) 和光 纤光栅解调器(2) 的光路接口分别通过前端传输光纤(13)与 Y型光纤耦合器(3) 的两个分支端相连, 所述 Y型光纤耦合器 (3) 的主端通过中间传输光纤 (4) 与前 光纤准直器 (6) 的尾纤端相连, 所述前光纤准直器 (6) 安装在支撑架 (5) 上, 所 述前光纤准直器 (6) 对准后光纤准直器 (7) , 所述后光纤准直器 (7) 安装在被测 旋转体 (8) 的旋转轴 (12) 上, 所述前、 后光纤准直器 (6、 7) 的传输光线和所述 旋转轴 (12)在测量时呈同轴心状态, 所述后光纤准直器(7) 的尾纤端与后端传输 光纤 (9)相连, 所述后端传输光纤 (9) 中串接有至少一只光纤光栅传感器 (10) , 所述光纤光栅传感器 (10) 固定在被测旋转体 (8) 上。
5.根据权利要求 4所述的旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测装置,其特征在 于: 所说的后端传输光纤 (9) 中串接有多只光纤光栅传感器 (10) , 多只光纤光栅 传感器 (10) 分别固定在被测旋转体 (8) 的不同部位上。
6.根据权利要求 4或 5所述的旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测装置,其特 征在于: 所说的光纤光栅传感器(10)粘贴在被测旋转体(8) 的表面上或埋入在被 测旋转体 (8) 中。
7.根据权利要求 4或 5所述的旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测装置,其特 征在于: 所说的前光纤准直器(6)安装在一个纵向、 横向和垂向三维距离均可调节 的支撑架 (5) 上, 所说的后光纤准直器 (7) 通过一个轴线重合调整装置 (14) 安 装在被测旋转体 (8) 的旋转轴 (12) 上。
8.根据权利要求 6所述的旋转机械运行状态光纤光栅传感检测装置,其特征在 于: 所说的前光纤准直器(6)安装在一个纵向、 横向和垂向三维距离均可调节的支 撑架 (5) 上, 所说的后光纤准直器 (7) 通过一个轴线重合调整装置 (14) 安装在 被测旋转体 (8) 的旋转轴 (12) 上。
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