WO2008140349A1 - Procédé de neutralisation de contaminants dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne et dispositif de sa mise en oeuvre (et variantes) - Google Patents

Procédé de neutralisation de contaminants dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne et dispositif de sa mise en oeuvre (et variantes) Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008140349A1
WO2008140349A1 PCT/RU2008/000161 RU2008000161W WO2008140349A1 WO 2008140349 A1 WO2008140349 A1 WO 2008140349A1 RU 2008000161 W RU2008000161 W RU 2008000161W WO 2008140349 A1 WO2008140349 A1 WO 2008140349A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
exhaust gases
internal combustion
combustion engine
alpha
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2008/000161
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Andrey Andreevich Churkin
Vasilii Egorovich Choporov
Vladimir Nikolaevich Khoroshilov
Elina Leonidovna Ladychenko
Original Assignee
Andrey Andreevich Churkin
Vasilii Egorovich Choporov
Vladimir Nikolaevich Khoroshilov
Elina Leonidovna Ladychenko
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Andrey Andreevich Churkin, Vasilii Egorovich Choporov, Vladimir Nikolaevich Khoroshilov, Elina Leonidovna Ladychenko filed Critical Andrey Andreevich Churkin
Publication of WO2008140349A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008140349A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/04—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by electric means, ionisation, polarisation or magnetism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/06—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by rays, e.g. infrared and ultraviolet

Definitions

  • the proposal relates to the field of engine building and automotive industry, and in particular to methods for reducing the content of harmful impurities in exhaust gases and lowering their toxicity.
  • the proposal can be used both in internal combustion engines, 5 running on gasoline, diesel fuel and gas, and in various types of burners and heating equipment operating on the principle of burning an air-fuel mixture.
  • Examples of the method are a system for separating air supplied to an internal combustion engine [1], [2], a method and apparatus for reducing exhaust emissions [3], a variable oxygen / nitrogen enrichment system for use in internal combustion engines [4] , method and device for reducing emissions during operation of unheated
  • the closest set of features to the claimed one is a method and apparatus for purifying exhaust gases using alpha radiation [19], including treating the air supplied through the engine air manifold with alpha radiation, which converts diatomic oxygen in the air into a strong oxidizing agent - oxygen through the splitting of oxygen molecules into monatomic oxygen, as well as hydrogen into monatomic hydrogen, which are supplied to the internal combustion engine in the form of air containing active oxygen, monatomic oxygen and hydrogen to reduce the toxic content of exhaust gases.
  • the method is implemented in a device comprising a natural radioactive element that emits alpha particles with a radiation level of 0.001-0.6 becquerel due to the decay of the radioisotope, while the radioactive element or device comprising this element is mounted on an air intake manifold, exhaust pipe or fuel hose equipment or engine to remove toxic substances from exhaust gases.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the low concentration of negative ions due to the rapid recombination of electrons and positive air ions generated during the processing of air by alpha radiation.
  • the radiation power does not allow for the dissociation of compounds harmful to human health and the environment contained in the exhaust gases, and to effectively neutralize them.
  • the disadvantages of this method should also include the impossibility of the practical use of natural radioactive elements, because all of them have uncontrolled decay with the emission of gamma radiation, beta radiation and alpha radiation, while gamma and beta radiation have large penetrating power (from several meters to several tens of meters), which is not permissible according to Russian and international standards radiation safety [20].
  • the effect of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation claimed in this method does not split molecules into atoms, but knocks out molecules, electrons, turning molecules into positive ions, which dramatically reduces the efficiency of combustion.
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • the problem solved by the invention is to increase the efficiency of neutralizing toxic impurities in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, simplifying the design of the device and installing it in the dimensions of the internal combustion engine and its systems, which reduces the one-time cost of installing the device in the engine and the cost of its operation.
  • the problem is solved by achieving the following technical results: creating a high controlled concentration of negative oxygen ions in the air supplied to the carburetor or fuel pump of internal combustion engines to increase the efficiency of fuel combustion in the internal combustion engine due to the greater oxidizing ability of air, which will reduce the content of harmful impurities in exhaust gases; dissociation of toxic compounds contained in the exhaust gases to an atomic state, increasing the concentration of negative oxygen ions in the exhaust gases to prevent the re-formation of toxic compounds and to provide physico-chemical reactions that prevent the re-formation of harmful compounds and the enrichment of exhaust gases with ionized oxygen.
  • the alpha particle energy for the treatment of exhaust gases is chosen so as to ensure the dissociation of nitrogen oxides (NO x ), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (H n C m ) when the exhaust gases pass through the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine, and in order to prevent repeated the formation of harmful compounds at the same time enrich the exhaust gases with negative oxygen ions.
  • the energy of free electrons contained in the air supplied through the air pipe to the engine is regulated by exposure to an electric field parallel to the air flow velocity, so that the electron energy is in the range from 0.4 to 2.0 eV to provide energy capture, sticking and affinity energy of an oxygen atom to an electron.
  • the concentration of negative oxygen ions in the air supplied to the carburetor or fuel pump of the internal combustion engine is provided at least 2-10 8 cm-3 with a unipolarity coefficient tending to 0, and the unipolarity coefficient is calculated as the ratio of the quantity positive ions to the number of negative ions per unit volume of air.
  • Reducing toxic emissions is provided by increasing the efficiency of fuel combustion in an internal combustion engine, which in turn is ensured by the fact that air enriched with large the amount of negative oxygen ions is supplied to the carburetor or fuel pump of the internal combustion engine.
  • Negative oxygen ions are a stronger oxidizing agent compared to molecular, neutral oxygen O 2 , which leads to an increase in the oxidation efficiency of fuel hydrocarbons and, accordingly, an increase in its combustion efficiency.
  • increasing the efficiency of fuel combustion is determined by the fact that the fuel is burned more fully, which leads to a significant reduction in the content of harmful substances in the exhaust gases of the engine.
  • a significant increase in fuel combustion efficiency and, correspondingly, reduction in toxic emissions is achieved by providing a high concentration of negative oxygen ions of at least 2-10 cm-3 with a unipolarity coefficient tending to 0 in the air supplied to the carburetor or fuel pump of the internal combustion engine.
  • the specified concentration of negative ions of oxygen in the air is provided as follows. First, the air taken from the atmosphere and passed through the air filter in the section of the air pipe from the air filter or gas distribution unit, taking into account its adjustment to the carburetor or fuel pump, is treated with a stream of alpha particles, causing shock ionization of air molecules with the formation of positive ions and free electrons. Free electrons pass through a grid electrode to achieve energies of 0.4 - 2 eV (the energy range in which are the capture, adherence, and affinity energies of the oxygen atom to the electron). Negative air oxygen ions are formed when free electrons adhere to neutral molecules and oxygen atoms, provided that the energy of free electrons is in the range of 0.4..2.0 eV in accordance with formula (1):
  • O 2 " is the negative ion of the diatomic oxygen molecule; O is atomic oxygen;
  • O ' is a negative ion of atomic oxygen.
  • the resulting negative oxygen ions entering the engine provide a more complete combustion of the fuel, which reduces the content of harmful impurities in the exhaust gases, especially nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
  • exhaust gases consisting mainly of compounds harmful to human health and the environment, such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (H n C n ,) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ), including nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) as well as small amounts of carbon dioxide, sulfur and lead compounds.
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • H n C n hydrocarbons
  • NO x nitrogen oxides
  • the neutralization of these harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines is ensured by the dissociation of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons in the exhaust system of the engine exhaust to compounds that are harmless to humans and the environment. Dissociation is carried out by electron impact of nitrogen dioxide molecules
  • E is the electron impact energy
  • O is atomic oxygen
  • the energy of the alpha particle source is selected so that, in interaction with the electric field created by the electrode in the form of a conducting grid, a cloud of free electrons with an energy in the range of 7 - 15 eV is generated, which causes an excited state molecules of harmful impurities and their dissociation in the exhaust gases of the engine.
  • the proposed method can be implemented using a device consisting of an air pipeline for supplying air to an internal combustion engine, in which an ionization chamber with at least one alpha particle source installed in it is placed in the area between the air filter or gas distribution device and the engine radiation efficiency of at least 10.2 becquerels 8 and piping for discharging engine exhaust gas, wherein the dissociation chamber is placed with the installed therein, at least one of IP regular enrollment alpha particle radiation efficiency of at least
  • the walls of the ionization and dissociation chambers and inserts are made of non-conductive material.
  • the inserts are provided with recesses in which sources of alpha particles are installed, and their depth is not less than 2 mm greater than the thickness of the source of alpha particles.
  • the depth of the recesses in the inserts is chosen in such a way as to obtain such alpha-particle energy as is necessary to give excitation energy to free electrons in order to dissociate molecules of harmful exhaust impurities.
  • the length of the source of alpha particles mounted on a plate mounted in an ionization chamber placed in the pipeline for supplying air to the engine is at least 60 mm.
  • the length of the source of alpha particles mounted on a plate mounted in an ionization chamber placed in the pipeline for exhaust gas from the engine is at least 60 mm.
  • a device is also proposed in which at least one electrode made in the form of a conductive grid located behind a source of alpha particles along the air flow in an air duct for supplying air to the engine and an exhaust gas duct for the engine is additionally placed air duct and exhaust gas in the exhaust system of the engine, across the air flow in the air duct and exhaust gas in the exhaust system, and connected to the negative terminal of the source of constant o voltage, the positive terminal of which is grounded.
  • the DC voltage source is a multiplier - a voltage rectifier with an input voltage of 12V supplied from a car generator and an output constant voltage in the range of 0.2..1.0 kV.
  • the distance between the electrode closest to each other for the recovery of positive ions and the conservation of free electrons and the source of alpha particles is at least 1 / bh, where h is the size of the mesh cell from which the electrode is made, but not more than 20 mm.
  • At least one electrode made in the form of a conductive grid located across the air flow in the air pipe and exhaust gases in the exhaust system connected to the negative terminal DC voltage source, the positive terminal of which is grounded ensures the neutralization of positive ions contained in the air supplied to the engine and exhaust gases, by restoring them to the specified electrode, as well as the regulation of the energy of free electrons contained in the air supplied to the engine, and in the exhaust gases to values determined by the value of the negative potential on the grid and the distance to the nearest source of alpha particles.
  • Electrode and the source of alpha particles closest to each other at a distance of not less than 1 / bh, where h is the mesh cell size but not more than 20 mm ensures the distribution of electrons over velocities with an average energy ranging from 0.4 to 2.0 eV in an ionization chamber placed in an air pipeline, which provides a high probability of capture and attachment of electrons to oxygen molecules with the affinity of the oxygen atom to the electron with the formation of negative oxygen ions, and the energy of free electrons in the range of 7 - 15 eV after passage Ia dissociation chamber, placed in the resonator or engine exhaust system muffler.
  • the device uses sources of alpha particles, which must be manufactured and certified according to GOST P51873-2002 (Closed radionuclide sources of ionizing radiation. General technical requirements).
  • the mean free path of alpha particles in air depends on their energy, determined by the radioactive isotope used in the source, and is several centimeters. This value is known and is determined from the tables. For example, for the isotope P 239, the maximum energy of the alpha particles emitted by it is 5.1 MeV, and the average mean free path of alpha particles in air is 50 mm. The distance between the plates and the walls of the chamber should not exceed the mean free path of alpha particles, since otherwise part of the air or exhaust gases will not be treated with alpha particles.
  • the distance between the electrode closest to each other for the recovery of positive ions and the conservation of free electrons and the source of alpha particles is chosen to be at least 1 / bh, where h is the size of the mesh cell from which the electrode is made, but not more than 20 mm. This is due to the time to bring the energy of electrons in the air pipeline after passing through the ionization chamber to the required range of 0.4 - 2 eV, to prevent their recombination with positive ions and to pass electrons through the electrode in the form of a network of conductive material.
  • FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 Air is supplied to the internal combustion engine 1 (see Fig. L) through the pipe of the air manifold 2, the air purification system with an air filter 3, and, depending on the type of engine and car, a gas distribution device 4. Between the air purification system 3 and the carburetor or an ionization chamber 9 is placed by the fuel pump of engine 1 ionization 9 can be made in the form of a segment of the air manifold and installed directly after the air filter or gas distribution device (option 90 or directly in front of the carburetor or fuel pump (option 9 2 ). Fuel is supplied to the engine through the fuel supply system 5.
  • Exhaust gases are removed through the system exhaust, consisting of the resonator 6, the muffler 7, the exhaust pipe 8.
  • the chamber dissociation of harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of the engine 10 is placed in a silencer (1O embodiment 1) or Lakes ator (1O embodiment 2).
  • Air 11 is supplied to the ionization chamber 9 (see FIG. 2), which is subjected to a stream of alpha particles 17 emitted by a plate 13 coated with a radioactive isotope emitting alpha particles and manufactured in accordance with the requirements of GOST P51873-2002 (Sources of ionizing closed radionuclide emissions. General technical requirements).
  • the length of the plate 13 is at least 60 mm, which corresponds to the technical conditions of the above GOST.
  • the plate 13 is mounted in the grooves of the strap 12 to fix the position of the source of alpha particles in the oxygen ionization chamber of the air.
  • An electrode 14 is also placed in the ionization chamber 9, made in the form of a conductive grid connected to the negative terminal of a constant voltage source 15, the positive terminal of which is grounded, and the cell size is h.
  • the electrode 14 is fixed in the required position by a dielectric clamping ring 19.
  • the ionization chamber 9 is made in the form of an insert 18 into the air collector. Air 16 enriched with negative oxygen ions enters the internal combustion engine.
  • the dissociation chamber 10 for neutralizing harmful impurities in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines is placed in the muffler 7 or resonator 6.
  • the exhaust gases 20 entering the muffler or resonator from the internal combustion engine are processed by alpha particles 23 emitted by the plates 22 installed in the insert 24 followed by exhaust gases 21, in which harmful impurities are neutralized, emitted into the atmosphere.
  • the electrode 25 in the form of a conductive grid with a cell size h is connected to a constant voltage source 26 and fixed at the required distance from the alpha particle source by two dielectric rings - holders 27.
  • the device operates as follows. Air 11 enters the air intake manifold and enters the ionization chamber 9, where it is processed by a stream of alpha particles 17 emitted by the source 13. As a result of the treatment, positive ions and free electrons are formed in the air. Further, air passes through the electrode 14, on which positive ions are restored, receiving the missing electrons from the mesh electrode. Also in the electric field of the grid, the energy of free electrons in the air is brought to energies lying in the range 0.4..2.0 eV. Free electrons adhere to oxygen molecules having an electron affinity and are captured by them to form negative oxygen ions. As a result, a high concentration of negative oxygen ions is created in the air, which have a high oxidizing effect with respect to fuel.
  • Fine tuning of the device to achieve the highest efficiency of fuel combustion and neutralization of harmful impurities in the exhaust gases is achieved by selecting the output voltages of the electrodes power sources and separately controlling the alpha-particle energy both in the ionization chamber placed in the engine air supply system and in the exhaust system .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne le domaine de la fabrication des moteurs et peut s'utiliser en industrie automobile et dans la fabrication d'équipements de chauffage. Selon l'invention, après le traitement de l'air alimenté dans le moteur via un collecteur d'air on réduit au moyen de particules alpha les ions positifs de l'air, on enrichit l'air avec des ions négatifs d'oxygène, et on sélection l'énergie des particules alpha pour le traitement des gaz d'échappement de manière à assurer la dissociation des oxydes d'azote, du monoxyde de carbone et des hydrocarbures par un choc électronique lors du passage des gaz d'échappement via le système d'échappement du moteur, avec un enrichissement simultané des gaz d'échappement par les ions négatifs d'oxygène. Le dispositif est constitué d'une tuyauterie d'air avec une chambre d'ionisation comprenant une source de particules alpha et d'une tuyauterie d'éjection des gaz d'échappement du moteur avec une chambre de dissociation munie d'une source de particules alpha. Tout l'air et tous les gaz d'échappement passent à travers la zone de traitement par les particules alpha. Dans un deuxième mode de réalisation, on place dans la tuyauterie d'aspiration d'air et dans la tuyauterie d'éjection de gaz d'échappement au moins une électrode disposée derrière la source de particules alpha. L'invention permet d'augmenter l'efficacité d'oxydation des hydrocarbures du carburant et de réduire la teneur des gaz d'échappement en particules nocives.
PCT/RU2008/000161 2007-05-15 2008-03-19 Procédé de neutralisation de contaminants dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne et dispositif de sa mise en oeuvre (et variantes) WO2008140349A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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RU2007117830/06A RU2323355C1 (ru) 2007-05-15 2007-05-15 Способ нейтрализации вредных примесей в отработавших газах двигателя внутреннего сгорания и устройство для его осуществления (варианты)
RU2007117830 2007-05-15

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2373409A2 (fr) * 2008-12-16 2011-10-12 HAM Engineering Pte Ltd Dispositif de traitement de fluide

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011115228A1 (de) * 2011-09-28 2013-03-28 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Halterung mit mindestens einer Elektrode

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5941219A (en) * 1996-08-15 1999-08-24 Takebe; Masayuki Method and apparatus for cleaning exhaust gas by alpha-decay
RU2164166C2 (ru) * 1995-04-11 2001-03-20 Роберт Бош Гмбх Способ и устройство для снижения содержания вредных веществ, в частности окислов азота, в газообразных продуктах сгорания
RU2178098C2 (ru) * 1999-03-10 2002-01-10 Журавлев Василий Кузьмич Способ уменьшения токсичности отработанных газов двигателей и устройство для его осуществления
US20050019230A1 (en) * 1996-01-19 2005-01-27 Leslie Bromberg Plasmatron-catalyst system
JP2006052662A (ja) * 2004-08-10 2006-02-23 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関およびその運転方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2164166C2 (ru) * 1995-04-11 2001-03-20 Роберт Бош Гмбх Способ и устройство для снижения содержания вредных веществ, в частности окислов азота, в газообразных продуктах сгорания
US20050019230A1 (en) * 1996-01-19 2005-01-27 Leslie Bromberg Plasmatron-catalyst system
US5941219A (en) * 1996-08-15 1999-08-24 Takebe; Masayuki Method and apparatus for cleaning exhaust gas by alpha-decay
RU2178098C2 (ru) * 1999-03-10 2002-01-10 Журавлев Василий Кузьмич Способ уменьшения токсичности отработанных газов двигателей и устройство для его осуществления
JP2006052662A (ja) * 2004-08-10 2006-02-23 Toyota Motor Corp 内燃機関およびその運転方法

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2373409A2 (fr) * 2008-12-16 2011-10-12 HAM Engineering Pte Ltd Dispositif de traitement de fluide
EP2373409A4 (fr) * 2008-12-16 2012-11-07 Ham Engineering Pte Ltd Dispositif de traitement de fluide

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