WO2008131573A1 - Dispositif et procédé de régénération de filtres à particules, utilisation d'un milieu de régénération de filtres à particules, et garnissage rechargeable avec ledit milieu - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de régénération de filtres à particules, utilisation d'un milieu de régénération de filtres à particules, et garnissage rechargeable avec ledit milieu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008131573A1
WO2008131573A1 PCT/CH2008/000176 CH2008000176W WO2008131573A1 WO 2008131573 A1 WO2008131573 A1 WO 2008131573A1 CH 2008000176 W CH2008000176 W CH 2008000176W WO 2008131573 A1 WO2008131573 A1 WO 2008131573A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
exhaust gas
diesel
temperature
particulate filter
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PCT/CH2008/000176
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rainer Bunge
Original Assignee
Hochschule Rapperswil
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hochschule Rapperswil filed Critical Hochschule Rapperswil
Priority to EP08733802A priority Critical patent/EP2140115A1/fr
Priority to US12/594,184 priority patent/US20100175370A1/en
Priority to JP2010504412A priority patent/JP2010524669A/ja
Publication of WO2008131573A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008131573A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F01N3/0253—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust adding fuel to exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/025—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/105—General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst
    • F01N3/106—Auxiliary oxidation catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/04—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/05—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being carbon monoxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1406—Storage means for substances, e.g. tanks or reservoirs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • Apparatus and method for the regeneration of particulate filters, and use of a medium for the regeneration of particulate filters, and refilling with the medium are provided.
  • the invention relates to the regeneration of a particulate filter, or a method, the use of a medium and a device for the regeneration of the particulate filter.
  • Particulate filters are installed in diesel vehicles and diesel engines. Such particulate filters can become clogged. As a result, the back pressure in the exhaust system is greater. In the event of excessive pressure in the exhaust, the engine finally stops and can no longer be started.
  • the filter cake made of soot is oxidized by means of NO2 to CO2.
  • the NO2 is oxidized by means of an oxidation catalyst from the NO contained in the exhaust gas and the residual oxygen contained in the exhaust gas.
  • an oxidation catalyst is predominantly coated with platinum, but also contains proportions of palladium.
  • the oxidation catalyst is thus arranged as a component in the exhaust stream and upstream of the particulate filter.
  • Particulate filters are "continuously produce” called. Namely, formed from an exhaust temperature of about 180 0 C continuously NO2, which reacts with the soot in the particulate filter.
  • the regeneration of the particulate filter is dependent on the operating temperature. It takes place from Temperatures around 220 0 C take place, but increases exponentially with the increase in the operating temperature in the particulate filter.NO2 production, however, increases in the relevant temperature ranges in practice with the increase in temperature substantially linearly.
  • a second way to achieve the regeneration of the particulate filter is called thermal.
  • the filter cake is thermally burned off from time to time. It is usually heated to a temperature of 600 ° C. At this temperature, the soot burns off automatically.
  • the ignition temperature of the soot can be lowered from 660 0 C to 450 0 C.
  • Another possibility for reducing the ignition temperature is the addition of an additive to the diesel. This additive is mostly based on iron compounds. It passes through the engine into the exhaust gas and settles with the soot in the particulate filter.
  • This mixture of soot and additive of the filter cake deposited in the particle filter has a lower ignition temperature than soot without additive, namely around 450 ° C.
  • the filter cake built up in the particle filter is periodically burned off during thermal regeneration, usually as a function of the backpressure in the exhaust system.
  • the filter cake is ignited and then burns off usually independently. There are four ways to ignite the filter cake:
  • Ignition by interfering with engine operating conditions to increase exhaust temperature. This can be achieved, for example, by manipulating the combustion air supply (for example closing a throttle flap in the air intake nozzle).
  • Catalysts used for thermal regeneration generally contain more palladium and less platinum than the catalysts used for continuous regeneration. This suppresses NO2 production on the catalyst.
  • the catalyst used for the catalytic combustion of the fuel can be connected upstream of the particle filter as a component. But it can also be added as an additive to the diesel or the exhaust gas, so that it settles on the filter cake.
  • the particle filter itself may be coated with a catalyst layer.
  • This thermal type of regeneration required in today's commercial catalysts exhaust temperatures upstream of the catalyst of more than 200 degrees, so that the injected diesel at least half is catalytically oxidized.
  • the main constituents of the diesel fuel are predominantly alkanes, cycloalkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons having from about 9 to 22 carbon atoms per molecule and a boiling range between 15O 0 C and 390 0 C.
  • Verdü- solution in very small droplets, the evaporation temperature of diesel under the lowered nominal boiling temperature. At exhaust gas temperatures below 200 0 C, however, only a few of the diesel components volatilize.
  • the light-off temperature can be reduced to 180 0 C, however, the combustion of the diesel is then so incomplete that a cloud of unburned diesel is ejected from the exhaust ("blue smoke"), which in the It is only at temperatures above 200 ° C. in the catalytic converter that the resulting heat converts so many constituents of the diesel into a reactive brought conditions that this can be used in practice for the regeneration of particulate filters.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a solution which allows regeneration of particulate filters to be achieved at low exhaust gas temperatures, for example below 200 ° C.
  • a more specific task is to provide a retrofittable device with which this method can also be applied to existing vehicles equipped with particulate filters and units without having to intervene in the electric motor control.
  • the invention together with the prior art comprises the steps that enriched at a supply point upstream of the particulate filter with a catalytically oxidizable medium and by catalytic at low exhaust gas for regeneration Oxidation of the medium to an extent sufficient for the regeneration of the particulate filter. temperature is heated up. While in the prior art, this medium of the fuel, especially diesel, or in tests and diesel cracking products were applied, according to the invention, the exhaust gas is enriched with a different from the diesel and its fission products fuel.
  • the invention requires a second tank for the fuel. This has the disadvantage that two media must be refueled. However, it has the advantage that such a fuel can be selected from a wide range of combustible substances.
  • fuels ranges from this inventive measure of gases such as hydrogen, propane or butane, over organic liquids such as kerosenes, gasoline or their constituents and fission products, to less common fuels.
  • gases such as hydrogen, propane or butane
  • organic liquids such as kerosenes, gasoline or their constituents and fission products
  • fuels are selected which are volatile at temperatures below 200 degrees, or oxidize on the catalyst at lower temperatures than the diesel. It is particularly advantageous if fuel oxidation does not compete with NO 2 production in the case of NO 2 regenerating particle filters.
  • Alcohols are common commercial goods in petrol station shops, so that no new distribution channels need to be created for the distribution of the fuel to be used according to the invention.
  • the exhaust gas temperature is directly on heated to the necessary temperature for regeneration. This is expedient for vehicles and units without diesel injection into the exhaust system.
  • the exhaust gas is advantageously heated by means of the additional fuel only to a temperature at which the diesel can be catalytically oxidized, e.g. to 240 ° C. Thereafter, the reaction temperature necessary for the regeneration can be achieved by enriching the exhaust gas with diesel in a conventional manner.
  • This has the advantage that only small amounts of fuel are needed to initiate the regeneration process, but can be used for maintaining the appropriate for the regeneration temperature of diesel present in larger quantities.
  • the exhaust gas can be enriched with the fuel and diesel.
  • the enrichment can take place successively or at the same time, with a mixture of fuel and diesel.
  • the process according to the invention is suitable for oxidation catalysts in general, but in particular for the commercially available platinum and / or palladium-coated catalysts. So it is neither specific for the regeneration by means of NO2, nor suitable exclusively for thermal regeneration.
  • Preferred alcohols are methanol (methyl alcohol, CH3OH) and monoethylene glycol (MEG, ethylene glycol, ethane-1,2-diol, C2H6O2). These two alcohols have a surprising effect in particle filters with nitric oxide regeneration in that they do not seem to hinder NO2 production by any means. Other fuels, however, appear to challenge the catalyst in competition with NO2 production.
  • a catalytically oxidizing additive can be admixed. This can be added to the fuel or the fuel. In any case, it should serve as catalyst in the exhaust gas / fuel mixture.
  • a catalytic converter for the catalytic oxidation of the catalytic converter is installed between the feed point and the particle filter in the exhaust gas line Fuel used.
  • Most filter pots contain a catalyst component upstream of the particulate filter component.
  • the enrichment of the exhaust gas with fuel can be carried out by measures before or in the internal combustion engine.
  • the enrichment of the exhaust gas between the engine and the particulate filter is made. This is particularly suitable for retrofit kits the appropriate place for the injection of fuel into the exhaust system. It is independent of the operating mode of the motor, so that in its control does not need to be intervened.
  • a catalytically oxidizable medium for enriching the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine in order to heat the exhaust gas by catalytic oxidation of the medium to an exhaust gas temperature which is sufficient for the regeneration of the particulate filter is characterized in that the medium is substantially enriched by diesel, the fuel of the internal combustion engine, and its fission products contains different fuel, which is catalytically oxidizable at a lower temperature than the diesel.
  • gases can also be used as fuel.
  • the fuel is a liquid.
  • liquids which split on heating into oxidizable gases are also suitable here.
  • the fuel may be an alcohol or a mixture containing at least 40% alcohol. It may preferably be methyl alcohol or a mixture containing at least 10% of methyl alcohol. It may also be monoethylene glycol or a mixture containing at least 10% monoethylene glycol, with advantages over other fuels. It may further be propylene glycol or a mixture containing at least 10% propylene glycol, with advantages over other fuels. Glycols are inexpensive, frost-resistant, have a high flash point and are toxicologically relatively harmless. They are also water-soluble and safe to handle in this state. They are therefore particularly suitable as a fuel.
  • Further advantageous fuels are glycerines, in particular in methanol-containing glycerol solutions, which are obtained as waste materials in the production of biodiesel and are therefore particularly inexpensive.
  • the advantageous choice of fuels can also be described by the condition that the volatilization temperature of the fuel is lower than the volatilization temperature of substantial proportions of the diesel, in particular below 250 degrees Celsius.
  • At devolatilizing temperature both the decomposition temperature (as in the case of monoethylene glycol) and the boiling point (as in the case of methanol) are combined, at which the fuel becomes volatile. This has the advantage that at temperatures at which the diesel is still largely non-volatile, it can already be regenerated.
  • the volatilization temperature of the fuel is below the minimum necessary for a catalytic reaction of the diesel exhaust gas temperature, in particular below 200 degrees Celsius, preferably below 190 degrees Celsius, more preferably below 180 0 C.
  • This choice has the advantage that the fuel evaporates even if no reaction between diesel and catalyst is expected.
  • the fuel may be mixed with water, or used in aqueous solution.
  • water or used in aqueous solution.
  • a mixture of methyl alcohol and water, for example, is safe and can be traded in plastic bags.
  • the content of water can be relatively large, without this having a strong effect on the heat development in the catalyst.
  • a device comprising a fuel tank and a fuel line is used as an emergency regeneration device or regeneration start device on a device that has a diesel engine, a diesel fuel tank, an exhaust system, and a particulate filter in the exhaust system.
  • the fuel line is arranged upstream of the particulate filter in the exhaust line, so that the exhaust gas in front of the particulate filter with a fuel from the fuel tank ange- can be enriched.
  • the device is used when there are insufficient temperatures in the exhaust gas line for regeneration of the particulate filter, but the regeneration is necessary.
  • a device which has an internal combustion engine, a diesel tank for receiving a diesel fuel for the engine, and a diesel line from the diesel tank to the internal combustion engine, and in which an exhaust gas line and catalytic converter surfaces arranged therein and a particle filter are present are equipped with such a device.
  • This added device distinguishes the known system of the internal combustion engine. It comprises a fuel tank separate from the diesel tank for receiving a fuel different from the diesel and its fission products, a fuel line leading from the fuel tank to a feed point in the exhaust line upstream of the particulate filter and the catalytic surfaces, conveying means for conveying the fuel into the exhaust line Exhaust line and a circuit for activating the funding.
  • An overpressure in the fuel tank in combination with a valve, a pump or a pressure source, which presses a gas, in particular air or CO2 into the fuel tank, a liquid pump for the fuel in the fuel line or in the fuel tank, optionally in Combination with a valve in the fuel line.
  • a liquid pump in the fuel line is preferred for pumping the fuel through the fuel line.
  • An equally simple way of conveying fuel is by means of a self-priming injection nozzle in the exhaust stream (jet pipe or venturi).
  • the device may be directly connected to a controller or display device of the internal combustion engine device, which controller controls the regeneration of the particulate filter, and which display device indicates the need for regeneration of the particulate filter.
  • An emergency regeneration for example, can be triggered by this display device or the signal activating the display device.
  • the device can also be equipped with its own sensor for monitoring the pressure and / or temperature conditions in the exhaust gas line, which gives the switching signal for activating the regeneration starting fuel supply to the exhaust line.
  • the invention consists on the one hand in the use of glycol (preferably monoethylene glycol and / or propylene glycol) and / or methanol for enrichment of exhaust gases in front of a particle filter of a diesel engine in order to convert the exhaust gas by means of a catalytic oxidation of this fuel to one for regeneration. ration of the particulate filter to heat sufficient temperature. It therefore comprises commercial packings of a fuel for filling fuel tanks of a regeneration device.
  • a refill pack is advantageously characterized by a content of at least 60% of a mixture of methanol and at least one glycol. Conveniently, the refill pack contains at least 20% methanol and at least 30% water.
  • the invention consists in the device which allows this use, comprising a fuel tank and a fuel line connected to an exhaust line of a diesel engine whose fuel tank is not the diesel engine diesel tank and whose fuel line is to be arranged in the exhaust tract.
  • the invention therefore also includes the diesel engine and its tank, and the exhaust line with the particulate filter.
  • a fuel in particular methanol and / or a glycol, (preferably monoethylene glycol and / or propylene glycol) is added to the exhaust gas of a diesel engine in front of its particle filter, so that the fuel Oxidized substance in the gaseous state on the catalyst surface while the exhaust gas heated to a temperature at which the regeneration of the particulate filter is feasible. Thanks to the separate from the fuel tank fuel tank, a fuel can be used, which reacts with too low exhaust gas temperatures for diesel with the catalyst.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a truck with engine and exhaust system, diesel tank and fuel tank for exhaust gas heating
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a first test arrangement, with the diesel tank and internal combustion engine removed
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a second test arrangement, with the combustion engine being suppressed
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a third test arrangement, with the combustion engine being blanked out
  • FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the temperature increase by .DELTA.T an exhaust gas with temperature T via a first diesel oxidation catalyst (Her- controller: HJS) without injection (base line) and with injection of various media,
  • HJS first diesel oxidation catalyst
  • FIG. 6 shows a corresponding diagram of the NO 2 concentration without and with injection of various media
  • FIG. 7 shows a diagram of the pressure and temperature development in the exhaust gas before and during the regeneration of the oxidation catalyst according to FIG. 1 by means of monoethylene glycol
  • FIG. 7 shows a diagram of the pressure and temperature development in the exhaust gas before and during the regeneration of the oxidation catalyst according to FIG. 1 by means of monoethylene glycol
  • FIG. 10 shows a container with a fuel for the regeneration of particulate filters.
  • FIG. 11 shows a diagram of the temperature increase by ⁇ T of an exhaust gas at temperature T via a second diesel oxidation catalyst (manufacturer: Ford) without (base line) and with injection of different media,
  • the truck shown schematically in Figure 1 has a diesel engine 11, which is supplied with a diesel pump 13 diesel fuel from a diesel tank 15.
  • the diesel burns with the compressed air in the cylinders of the engine 11 lean with release of power and heat and with the formation of soot.
  • the exhaust gases from this combustion flow into the exhaust gas line 17 and finally reach the particle filter 19.
  • the particulate filter 19 is used to catch the soot particles and to filter them out of the exhaust gas. Due to the increase of soot particles in the particulate filter 19, its resistance increases. From a limiting resistance arises too high exhaust gas pressure in the exhaust line 17, so that the engine 11 turns off. Therefore, the particulate filter must be freed by a regeneration of the trapped soot before the engine 11 no longer runs economically or even turns off.
  • the particle filter 19 shown in FIG. 1 is preceded by an oxidation catalytic converter 21 in order to achieve regeneration.
  • the catalyst 21 and the particulate filter 19 are arranged in a common muffler. This can be referred to collectively as a particle filter.
  • the muffler is called together with the particulate filter 19 and the catalyst 21 in this document filter pot 23.
  • NO2 is an aggressive oxidant that is able to oxidize the soot in the particulate filter 19 to CO2. This reaction occurs even at low temperatures from 250 to 300 degrees, but increases significantly with increasing temperature.
  • this regeneration of the particulate filter is ensured continuously from a certain temperature of the exhaust gas.
  • newer filter pots 23 are dimensioned so that the excess of NO 2 on average is very low, with the result that an average necessary regeneration of the particulate filter takes place only at temperatures from 250 to 450 degrees. Under certain driving conditions, the regeneration performance is therefore below average, in others above average. If the recovery performance is below average for a longer period of time, the particulate filter must become increasingly clogged.
  • the NO2 production also depends on the exhaust gas temperature. At exhaust gas temperatures below 220 degrees before the catalyst whose effectiveness is limited or even prevented. Therefore, the filter cake increases at low exhaust gas temperatures, although only enough NO and O2 would be present in the exhaust gas to produce an excess of NO2. This is the main reason why particulate filters become clogged.
  • filter pots 23 In order to be able to install filter pots 23 in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine, which produce only a small excess of NO 2, it is necessary to be able to regenerate even if the continuous regeneration over long periods of time is insufficient. If the filter cake becomes too thick, regeneration is therefore forced. This has hitherto been done, for example, by injecting diesel into the exhaust line or passing unburnt diesel through the engine 11.
  • this diesel then catalytically burns on the catalyst and increases the exhaust gas temperature is about 450 degrees, so that the exhaust gas is hot enough that the catalyst can produce enough NO2 and regeneration of the particulate filter is achieved quickly.
  • the fuel can now be selected so that it reacts at lower temperatures than the diesel already catalytically with the residual oxygen in the exhaust gas, and therefore increases the exhaust gas temperature.
  • This increase in the exhaust gas temperature is to be driven at least to such a temperature that allows catalytic oxidation of the diesel and therefore an effective enrichment of the exhaust gas with diesel.
  • a device for the regeneration of the particulate filter therefore necessarily comprises a fuel tank 25 separated from the diesel tank 15, a fuel line 27 and, for example, a pump as conveying means 29.
  • a control 31 shown in FIG. This control displays eg with a warning light 33 that the parameter Particle filter 23 must be regenerated.
  • a sensor is arranged in the filter cup 23, for example a counter-pressure measuring device whose signal is evaluated by the controller. Due to a signal from this controller 31, the regeneration can now be initiated with the aid of the fuel.
  • the fuel pump 29 can be activated simultaneously or with a time delay with the warning light 33 lighting up.
  • an alcohol is filled in the fuel tank 25, an alcohol is filled. This is sprayed to Ulgenerieren with the nozzle 35 into the exhaust gas. The sprayed alcohol evaporates quickly in the exhaust even if this is, for example, only 190 degrees hot. Even at these low temperatures (from 150 0 C), it reacts on the catalyst surface with the residual oxygen with release of heat, so that the exhaust gas, depending on the supplied amount of the alcohol, is heated by 100 to 300 degrees.
  • An illustration of the pressure development in the exhaust gas and the temperature after the oxidation catalyst is shown in FIG. 7 and will be discussed below. These measurements were made using a device according to FIG. 2, wherein monoethylene glycol was used to heat the exhaust gas.
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment which is suitable for the injection of fuel and fuel.
  • the pump 29 presses depending on the position of the valves 35 and 35 'fuel, diesel or fuel and diesel in the space in front of the catalyst component 21.
  • a controller 31 operates the valves 35,35' and controls the shares of diesel and fuel for the Enrichment of the exhaust gas 37.
  • a temperature sensor between catalyst 21 and particulate filter 19 provides the necessary information.
  • FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment which is suitable for retrofitting existing vehicles and units with particle filters which can heat the exhaust gas with diesel.
  • the separate fuel tank may be a retrofit member or an existing container with a suitable fuel.
  • Such an already existing fuel tank is the cooling water tank, if there is enough antifreeze in it.
  • Another is the washerwash tank, if a detergent with sufficiently high alcohol content is used. part of it is present.
  • the injection of fuel and fuel into the exhaust gas 37 can be done independently of each other.
  • the measurements shown in FIGS. 5 to 9 originate from a test arrangement with a Euro 3 industrial diesel engine (1.91 TDI from VW with turbocharger, direct injection and exhaust gas recirculation) and a commercially available continuously regenerating particle filter system from HJS (platinum doped oxidation catalyst).
  • Various fuels were injected into the exhaust system. The injection was carried out according to the device shown in Figure 2, within the filter pot 23, upstream of the catalyst 21. The respective injection quantity was chosen so that at complete combustion, a temperature increase of about 100 ° C would be reached.
  • the exhaust gas temperatures were set by engine speed and load (power brake).
  • the regeneration of the particulate filter (HJS) used in the above experiments was also investigated.
  • the pressure curve shown in Figure 7 shows an increase in pressure during 5 3 A hours in the exhaust line 37 according to Figure 2 to a good 140 millibars.
  • the temperature of the exhaust gas after the catalyst 21 moves in this time by 200 degrees Celsius.
  • At “start” is monoethylene glycol
  • the existing Use container of a vehicle and enrich the media contained therein to enrich the exhaust gas with a catalytically oxidizable fuel In principle, the cooling system with the coolant flowing therein is available, the glycol concentration of which is typically around 50 to 60%. Also available is the disc detergent in the appropriate container. Windscreen washes usually consist of 50/50% water and an alcohol or an alcohol mixture.
  • FIG. 8 therefore shows the effect of glycol 100% up to the aqueous solution of glycol with a glycol content of only 50% on the temperature increase over the catalyst.
  • the aqueous solutions takes the
  • cooling liquid or windshield washer fluid can be used to enrich the exhaust gas a catalytic oxidizable medium to raise the exhaust gas temperature to a sufficient for the regeneration of the particulate filter temperature.
  • These liquids can be removed from the existing containers.
  • the second aspect is that apparently also an aqueous solution of a flammable alcohol, e.g. Methyl alcohol, can be used.
  • a flammable alcohol e.g. Methyl alcohol
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is the use of the fuel to "ignite" a filter cake of soot admixed with a catalyst added by fuel additive, which is an alternative to the known methods of electrically igniting such filter cake or ignition by manipulation of the engine control
  • the exhaust gas enriched with the fuel is reacted on an oxidation catalytic converter arranged in front of the particle filter, and in this way heats the exhaust gas above the ignition temperature of the filter cake.
  • the catalyst present in the soot cake can itself be used for the oxidation of the added fuel (for example, platinum).
  • the added fuel for example, platinum
  • a preferred variant is to use a conventional iron-containing fuel additive to iron the soot deposited in the particulate filter with iron and thus to reduce the ignition temperature of the filter cake.
  • a platinum additive is added to the fuel instead of the iron additive, so that a platinum layer is formed on the surface of the filter cake. Then the required for the regeneration of fuel is injected, which reacts directly on the soot surface with the platinum catalyst and thus causes the ignition of the filter cake.
  • a device to be operated for installation in a vehicle or a unit with diesel engine and particulate filter therefore, comprises a fuel tank for, for example, an aqueous alcohol solution, a pipe and a pump, and a nozzle for atomizing the fuel in the exhaust line.
  • the line can be provided with a collar with which an exhaust pipe can be enclosed. can be.
  • the arrangement of the line with the nozzle in the exhaust pipe is thereby very simple.
  • an electrical line between the pump motor and a switch is needed. The switch can also be operated manually.
  • FIG. 10 shows a canister containing a fuel which is provided for the regeneration of particle filters.
  • the fuel may be, for example, an 80% aqueous solution of alcohol.
  • the alcohol portion may comprise various components, in particular a major proportion of methanol for an early increase in NO2, and optionally a lower level of monoethylene glycol.
  • Such a canister is available via existing distribution channels in gas station shops.
  • the inventive solution allows primarily an emergency regeneration, but can also be used for regular regeneration.
  • An emergency regeneration is not triggered more frequently than every other regeneration cycle, preferably not more frequently than every fifth regeneration cycle. It is only triggered if, given the operating conditions of the lean-burn engine, the regular regeneration can not take place and regeneration is necessary for the further operation of the engine.

Abstract

L'invention concerne l'utilisation d'un combustible différent du diesel ou des produits de dédoublement du diesel, en particulier du monoéthylèneglycol et/ou du méthanol, pour l'enrichissement du gaz d'échappement, en amont d'un filtre à particules (19) d'un moteur diesel (11), en vue de chauffer le gaz d'échappement, au moyen d'une oxydation catalytique de ce combustible, à une température suffisante pour une régénération du filtre à particules (19). L'invention concerne également le dispositif permettant cette utilisation et qui, à cet effet, comprend : un réservoir à combustible (25) et une ligne de combustible (27) connectée à une ligne de gaz d'échappement (17) d'un moteur diesel (11), le réservoir à combustible (25) n'étant pas le réservoir diesel (15) du moteur diesel. L'invention peut également englober le moteur diesel (11) et son réservoir (15), ainsi que la ligne de gaz d'échappement (17) présentant le filtre à particules (19). Tous ces aspects de l'invention se résument dans un procédé caractérisé en ce qu'un combustible, en particulier du méthanol et/ou de l'éthylèneglycol, est additionné au gaz d'échappement d'un moteur diesel (11), en amont de son filtre à particules (19), de façon qu'il soit oxydé à l'état gazeux, à la surface du catalyseur, le gaz d'échappement se trouvant en même temps chauffé à une température pour laquelle la régénération des particules peut s'effectuer. Du fait que le réservoir à combustible (25) est séparé du réservoir à carburant (15), on peut utiliser un combustible qui réagit avec le catalyseur (21), à des températures de gaz d'échappement encore trop basses pour le diesel.
PCT/CH2008/000176 2007-04-25 2008-04-18 Dispositif et procédé de régénération de filtres à particules, utilisation d'un milieu de régénération de filtres à particules, et garnissage rechargeable avec ledit milieu WO2008131573A1 (fr)

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EP08733802A EP2140115A1 (fr) 2007-04-25 2008-04-18 Dispositif et procédé de régénération de filtres à particules, utilisation d'un milieu de régénération de filtres à particules, et garnissage rechargeable avec ledit milieu
US12/594,184 US20100175370A1 (en) 2007-04-25 2008-04-18 Device and method for regenerating particulate filters, use of a medium for regenerating particulate filters, and refill pack comprising said with the medium
JP2010504412A JP2010524669A (ja) 2007-04-25 2008-04-18 微粒子フィルタを再生するためのデバイスおよび方法、ならびに、微粒子フィルタの再生のための媒体の使用法および該媒体を含む補給用パッケージ

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EP2058480A1 (fr) * 2007-11-09 2009-05-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Système de purification de gaz d'échappement
WO2011003497A1 (fr) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de régénération d'un filtre à particules placé dans le tuyau des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne
EP2283912A1 (fr) * 2009-08-05 2011-02-16 Hochschule Rapperswil Institut für Umwelt- und Verfahrenstechnik UMTEC Procédé et dispositif destinés à la régénération de filtres à particules
JP2011169161A (ja) * 2010-02-16 2011-09-01 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology ディーゼルエンジンのフィルタ再生装置、及び再生方法
WO2012089730A1 (fr) 2010-12-28 2012-07-05 Jens Werner Kipp Procédé de nettoyage de filtres à particules
JP2013238241A (ja) * 2013-06-24 2013-11-28 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology ディーゼルエンジンのフィルタ再生方法
CN105673142A (zh) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-15 福特环球技术公司 用于去除微粒过滤器内的灰分的方法和系统

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JP4591487B2 (ja) * 2007-08-24 2010-12-01 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ハイブリッド車両、ハイブリッド車両の告知方法およびその告知方法をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取可能な記録媒体
US8128279B2 (en) * 2008-07-16 2012-03-06 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Cloud point monitoring systems for determining a cloud point temperature of diesel fuel
US8397557B2 (en) * 2009-10-21 2013-03-19 Emcon Technologies Llc Diagnostic method and apparatus for thermal regenerator after-treatment device
US9695731B2 (en) * 2011-06-24 2017-07-04 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and methods for controlling air fuel ratio
KR101509689B1 (ko) * 2011-07-01 2015-04-08 현대자동차 주식회사 배기 가스 정화 장치 및 이를 포함하는 배기 장치
US8955310B2 (en) * 2012-05-08 2015-02-17 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Adaptive regeneration of an exhaust aftertreatment device in response to a biodiesel fuel blend
US9194266B2 (en) * 2012-07-27 2015-11-24 Caterpillar Inc. Exhaust system
ES2408243B1 (es) * 2013-02-11 2014-04-15 Universidad Politécnia De Valencia Sistema de filtro de partículas para motor y método de reducción de pérdida de presión de dicho filtro
CN104747254B (zh) * 2015-03-24 2018-01-02 常州君堃电子有限公司 即时燃烧式颗粒物捕集器及其捕集方法
CN108150249A (zh) * 2018-03-02 2018-06-12 天津大学 一种甲醇为外加能源实现颗粒捕集器再生的方法及系统
CN110107380A (zh) * 2019-04-17 2019-08-09 湖南冠拓科技股份有限公司 一种柴油机尾气碳颗粒收集器的除碳方法与装置

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EP2058480A1 (fr) * 2007-11-09 2009-05-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki Système de purification de gaz d'échappement
WO2011003497A1 (fr) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Man Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de régénération d'un filtre à particules placé dans le tuyau des gaz d'échappement d'un moteur à combustion interne
CN102472136A (zh) * 2009-07-07 2012-05-23 曼卡车和巴士股份公司 用于使设置在内燃机废气管里面的颗粒过滤器再生的方法和装置
EP2283912A1 (fr) * 2009-08-05 2011-02-16 Hochschule Rapperswil Institut für Umwelt- und Verfahrenstechnik UMTEC Procédé et dispositif destinés à la régénération de filtres à particules
JP2011169161A (ja) * 2010-02-16 2011-09-01 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology ディーゼルエンジンのフィルタ再生装置、及び再生方法
WO2012089730A1 (fr) 2010-12-28 2012-07-05 Jens Werner Kipp Procédé de nettoyage de filtres à particules
JP2013238241A (ja) * 2013-06-24 2013-11-28 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology ディーゼルエンジンのフィルタ再生方法
CN105673142A (zh) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-15 福特环球技术公司 用于去除微粒过滤器内的灰分的方法和系统

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