WO2008129266A1 - Procédé de revêtement d'une surface avec un préimprégné et système de protection de surface - Google Patents
Procédé de revêtement d'une surface avec un préimprégné et système de protection de surface Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008129266A1 WO2008129266A1 PCT/GB2008/001369 GB2008001369W WO2008129266A1 WO 2008129266 A1 WO2008129266 A1 WO 2008129266A1 GB 2008001369 W GB2008001369 W GB 2008001369W WO 2008129266 A1 WO2008129266 A1 WO 2008129266A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- vacuum
- smc
- application means
- air
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C73/00—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
- B29C73/04—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D using preformed elements
- B29C73/10—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D using preformed elements using patches sealing on the surface of the article
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C73/00—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
- B29C73/24—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for
- B29C73/30—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for for local pressing or local heating
- B29C73/32—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for for local pressing or local heating using an elastic element, e.g. inflatable bag
- B29C73/325—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for for local pressing or local heating using an elastic element, e.g. inflatable bag specially adapted for toroidal articles, e.g. tyres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2277/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as reinforcement
- B29K2277/10—Aromatic polyamides [Polyaramides] or derivatives thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2709/00—Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2703/00 - B29K2707/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
- B29K2709/08—Glass
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of corrosion repair and corrosion reduction by coating a corrodible surface with a sheet moulding compound (SMC) material.
- SMC sheet moulding compound
- SMC is a composite material generally comprising a polyester resin in styrene monomer, fillers, pigments, glass fibre reinforcement and a curing agent.
- the SMC is normally soft and malleable but will harden when stimulated by a curing initiator.
- SMC is manufactured in rolls, and when unrolled a sheet is generally around 10m long, Im wide, and 1- 2.5mm thick.
- SMC may be used as a corrosion resistant barrier for protecting surfaces that are prone to corrosion.
- a particular application is in the oil and gas industry for protecting pipes made of metal.
- SMC may be wrapped around a steel pipe to prevent it from rusting.
- the SMC that is used in this field is curable such that it is normally malleable but becomes rigid upon interaction with its curing initiator.
- a typical curing initiator is ultraviolet (UV) light, as this is present in natural sunlight.
- a particular advantage of using SMC to protect oil and gas pipes from corrosion is that SMC techniques do not require high temperatures or voltages that could be hazardous for volatile pipe products. Thus, pipes do not have to be shut down while they are being coated. This may be desirable because the cost of shutting down oil and gas pipes may necessitate working on the pipes while they are live.
- a problem in the prior art is that low-level corrosion continues to occur to some surfaces even after they have been coated with SMC material. It is an object of this invention to recognise the cause of this corrosion and to reduce its effect. It is also an object of this invention to improve the strength of interaction between a treated surface and its SMC coating.
- a method of fixing a coating to a surface comprising the steps of: arranging the coating between vacuum application means and the surface; and drawing air from between the coating and the surface with the vacuum application means so as to fix the coating to the surface, wherein the vacuum application means comprises a flexible sheet through which a vacuum can be applied.
- any low level corrosion that would have occurred due to small amounts of air may be reduced or eliminated.
- Such low level corrosion may occur when air itself is a corrosive reactant.
- a ferrous surface would be prone to rust due to a chemical reaction involving iron and oxygen.
- Air may be drawn from between the surface and the coating at the periphery of the coating, but preferably air is drawn through the coating itself; this means that the air may be arranged to bubble through the coating when a vacuum is applied by the vacuum application means.
- the air that is drawn through the coating may comprise air that is initially present in an air pocket in the coating material.
- air content of the coating material it may be possible to improve the homogeneity of the coating which may provide a better corrosion resistant barrier. It may also be desirable to remove air pockets from the coating because any air left in air pockets may itself be a cause of corrosion, if left for many months and years.
- the air that is drawn through the material may comprise air that is initially present between the coating and the surface. In this way a low pressure may be created in the gap between the coating and the surface. The higher atmospheric pressure may then act to push the coating onto the surface, fixing the two together.
- the coating is curable.
- Curable materials may be hardened when influenced by the relevant curing initiator.
- the coating is cured after it has been fixed to the surface, and once cured the coating may be an effective barrier against corrosion.
- a cured coating may be capable of restoring structural strength to a damaged surface.
- the method may comprise the step of curing the coating and, for example, the coating may be cured with ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
- UV radiation may be a convenient initiator for curing a curable material because UV is present in natural sunlight.
- the method may involve the step of shielding the coating from UV radiation, while drawing air from between the coating and the surface with the vacuum application means. This may be particularly desirable when a UV curable coating is used.
- the coating may be placed on the surface while it is flexible and a vacuum may be applied through the vacuum application means. Thus, air may be drawn through the coating while it is still in a flexible form.
- a typical shield may be a canopy for shielding the coating from the UV in natural sunlight.
- the coating may be cured with heat. This may be preferable in certain situations when UV may not be such a convenient curing initiator.
- UV may not be such a convenient curing initiator.
- One example may be in deep sea applications where natural sunlight is not available.
- Another example may be where the coating is opaque to UV light; this may occur when certain strengthening agents are used together with the coating, hi such situations heat curable materials may be most convenient to use.
- heat curable materials are cured at temperatures in the range of 150 0 C to 200 0 C. However, most preferably the heat curable materials are cured at temperatures in the region of 100 0 C as this avoids the boiling of styrene at around 145 0 C. Therefore, the optimum temperature for heating the coating to may be in the region of 80-145 0 C. It may be possible to provide a coating that is curable by any one of, or any combination of, heat, UV radiation and any other physical stimulus such as optical light.
- the vacuum application means comprises a flexible sheet through which a vacuum can be applied.
- the flexible sheet is also a porous sheet through which and across which a vacuum can be applied.
- a vacuum can be applied through the porous sheet and the sheet can be bent in order to match the shape of the surface to which it is to be applied.
- the vacuum application means can be used to fix a coating to an unusually shaped surface.
- the vacuum application means may comprise an inner chamber, and one side of the inner chamber may be the flexible, porous sheet. Thus, if a vacuum exists in the inner chamber a vacuum can be applied across the flexible, porous sheet.
- the inner chamber may be defined between the flexible, porous sheet and an airtight sheet.
- the airtight sheet comprises a valve so that a pump can be connected to the valve for evacuating the inner chamber.
- the airtight sheet is preferably flexible as well.
- the vacuum application means comprises a flexible sheet having a valve.
- These flexible sheets are generally referred to in the art as vacuum bags.
- the vacuum application means may also comprise a pump which may be connected to the vacuum bag via the valve so that a vacuum may be applied through the sheet surface.
- a vacuum bag may be used in a wide variety of different applications and for fixing coatings to a wide variety of different shapes of surfaces.
- the vacuum bag may be arranged in a cylindrical shape for fixing a coating onto a pipe or a strut with a circular cross-section.
- the vacuum bag could also be arranged in a suitable shape for fixing a coating onto a planar surface, a spherical surface, or any kind of bent or corrugated surface if required.
- the vacuum application means may be hand-held and portable, and this may be a notable advantage of a vacuum bag.
- a coating may be applied to a surface in any environment, provided that vacuum application means can be provided to draw air from between the coating and the surface.
- coatings may be fixed to surfaces away from factories, and in remote or underwater conditions where there may be no available mains power source.
- the coating may be a sheet moulding compound (SMC).
- SMCs are commonly used as corrosion resistant coatings and may be convenient materials to work with in many embodiments.
- the coating may comprise a strengthening agent. In this way, the coating may be used to restore strength to a damaged or corroded surface.
- Possible strengthening agents may include synthetic fibres such as Kevlar (RTM).
- RTM Kevlar
- SMC glass fibre strands or glass fibre tissues.
- the surface that is protected from corrosion may be metallic.
- Metallic surfaces are typically prone to corrosion, especially when oxygen and/or water are present.
- metal surfaces such as steel from corrosion by fixing a coating to them. That said, many other types of surface could also be protected; for example, concrete, stone, natural or synthetic surfaces.
- the surface that is protected from corrosion may be the surface of a pipe.
- the protection of pipes from corrosion may be a particularly advantageous application of the present method. In many instances it may not be practical to stop the flow of a product through a pipe for maintenance. Therefore, to prolong the life of a pipe it is possible to fix a coating to it.
- the pipe may have any shape: for example the cross section of the pipe could be square, circular, oval or triangular. Also, the pipe need not have a closed cross-section, and an open cross-section could be semi-circular, for example.
- the method may involve the step of arranging a breathable film between the coating and the vacuum application means. Also, preferably the mass of the breathable film is low relative to the mass of the vacuum application means.
- the breathable film may be drawn towards the vacuum application means rapidly when a vacuum is applied.
- the breathable nature of the film may mean that a vacuum can still be applied through the breathable layer. It has been found that the provision of a breathable film reduces the entrapment of air in the coating material.
- the breathable film may be of polythene and may comprise a plurality of holes.
- a surface protection arrangement for fixing a coating to a surface, the arrangement comprising: a surface; a coating; and vacuum application means comprising a flexible sheet through which a vacuum can be applied, wherein the coating is arranged between the vacuum application means and the surface, and wherein the vacuum application means is arranged to draw air from between the coating and the surface so as to fix the coating to the surface.
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a pipe being coated with a UV curable material in an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of the pipe of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a detailed view of the layers of material covering the surface of the pipe of Figure 1 ;
- Figure 4 is a view of a strut having a heat curable material coating applied to it in another embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of the strut of Figure 4.
- a steel pipe 2 with a circular cross-section is provided for delivering a product 4 such as oil or gas.
- a product 4 such as oil or gas.
- both the internal and external surfaces are prone to corrosion.
- a UV curable Sheet Moulding Compound (SMC) material 6 is arranged to cylindrically wrap around the pipe 2.
- the SMC material 6 is normally flexible and may easily be wrapped around the pipe 2.
- the UV curable SMC 6 should be shielded from UV radiation until such time as it has been wrapped around the pipe, and to this end a canopy 8 is provided to shelter the working area from natural sunlight.
- a vacuum bag 10 is arranged to wrap cylindrically around the UV curable SMC 6.
- the vacuum bag 10 is a flexible sheet having a valve 12 which is connectable to a pump 13.
- a vacuum may be applied through the valve 12 by the pump 13 so that a suction can be generated through the flexible surface of the vacuum bag 10.
- the vacuum bag 10 is fastened in place around the UV curable SMC 6 and sealant is provided at the axial peripheries of the vacuum bag 10.
- the vacuum bag 10 comprises an inner chamber which is in fluid communication with the valve 12.
- the vacuum bag has two planar surfaces connected at their peripheries. One of the surfaces is porous and a vacuum can be applied across the porous surface, where the inner chamber is at a low pressure.
- the other planar surface of the vacuum bag 10 is air tight and is arranged to face away from the surface to which a vacuum is applied.
- the valve 12 is situated in the air tight surface of the vacuum bag 10. In practice, the surface of the vacuum bag 10 that is directed away from the SMC 6 is air tight and the surface that is directed towards the SMC 6 is porous.
- the external surface of the pipe 2 is first thoroughly cleaned.
- the UV curable SMC 6 is then wrapped around the pipe 2, and the vacuum bag 10 is wrapped around the UV curable SMC 6.
- a vacuum is then applied through the valve 12 in the vacuum bag 10 so that air is biased radially outwards from the external surface of the pipe 2 towards the inner cylindrical surface of the vacuum bag 10.
- the air that is biased towards the vacuum bag 10 may include: air that is initially between the vacuum bag 10 and the UV curable SMC 6, air initially present within the UV curable SMC 6, and air initially present between the UV curable SMC 6 and the pipe 2.
- the material Prior to the curing of the SMC 6, the material is resin-like such that air may be drawn through the fabric of the material. Therefore, when a vacuum is applied through the vacuum bag 10, air may be sucked from between the SMC 6 and the pipe 2 so that it bubbles through the SMC 6 towards the vacuum bag 10. Any air that is initially present in air pockets in the SMC 6 may be drawn out of the SMC 6 by the vacuum.
- the vacuum bag 10 may be arranged to draw air from between the coating and the surface at the axial periphery of the coating on the pipe 2.
- the SMC 6 may become firmly fixed to the external surface of the pipe 2. Even if there is no actual adhesion between the pipe 2 and the SMC 6, a vacuum is effectively created between the SMC 6 and the pipe 2 so that the SMC 6 is sucked onto the surface of the pipe 2. Following application of the vacuum, the canopy 8 may be removed, allowing natural sunlight on to the UV curable SMC 6, causing it to cure. The cured SMC 6 is impervious to air and the coating is firmly fixed onto the external surface of the pipe 2.
- the strength of the connection between a coating and a surface is generally measured in units of pressure. "Pull-off' measurements measure the pressure that would be required to separate the coating from the surface. In the prior art a typical "pull-off” measurement would be in the region of 3-7MPa. However, by using vacuum application methods it is possible to achieve "pull-off measurements of up to 20MPa.
- FIG. 3 shows a close up of the external surface of the pipe 2 of Figures 1 and 2, showing further layers that are preferably used together with the vacuum bag 10.
- the following layers are arranged in a sandwich between the vacuum bag 10 and the pipe 2, starting with the material closest to the pipe 2: a UV curable SMC material 6, a release film 14, and a breather layer 16.
- Both the breather layer 16 and the release film 14 may comprise nylon.
- the breather layer 16 is arranged to provide a buffer that prevents any damage to the vacuum bag 10, while at the same time maintaining an air path through which a vacuum may be applied.
- the release film 14 is a barrier between the UV curable SMC 6 and the breather layer 16.
- the release film 14 may comprise a number of holes through which the vacuum may be applied.
- Air 5 may be present between any of the layers mentioned and this air will generally be drawn out of the arrangement when the vacuum is applied through the vacuum bag 10.
- air pockets 18 may be initially present in the material 6 and these may also be drawn out by the vacuum.
- the layer of release film 14, and the breather layer 16 are arranged in loose contact around the SMC 6.
- the vacuum bag tightens around the lower layers to bring the layers into close engagement with one another.
- the breather layer 16 and the release film 14 the vacuum bag would be drawn quickly and directly into contact with the SMC. The impact of a surface of the vacuum bag 10 on the SMC
- the breather layer 16 alleviates this problem.
- the breather layer 16 is preferably a light sheet of polythene comprising a plurality of holes.
- the first effect is that the breather layer 16 is drawn radially outwardly into contact with the vacuum bag 10.
- the second effect is that the vacuum bag 10 and breather layer 16 in combination are drawn radially inwardly into contact with the SMC 6.
- the breather layer 16 and the release film 14 may be easily peeled off.
- Second Embodiment Figure 4 shows a concrete strut 30 with a square cross-section surrounded by water 31.
- the strut may be used for bearing structural loads in an oil rig.
- a heat curable SMC material 32 is wrapped around the strut 30 to prevent corrosion occurring to the outer surface of the strut 30; the width of the SMC 32 in this example is around Im.
- the heat curable SMC 32 comprises a strengthening agent.
- a strengthening agent By providing a strengthening agent, the cured SMC 32 may be able to restore some of the strength to the strut 30. It may not be desirable to use certain strengthening agents together with a UV curable SMC because many strengthening agents may be opaque to UV radiation. Many different strengthening agents may be used, although it may be convenient to use a synthetic fibre strengthening agent such as
- Kevlar (RTM) in conjunction with a SMC coating.
- Figure 5 shows a cross section of the strut 30 of Figure 4 showing the layers that are required to surround the strut.
- the heat curable SMC 32 wraps around the strut 30
- the vacuum bag 40 wraps around the heat curable SMC 32
- a heat blanket 42 wraps around the vacuum bag 40.
- the vacuum bag 40 has a valve 41 which is connectable to a pump.
- a vacuum is applied through the vacuum bag 40 in order to draw air out of the arrangement. Air is drawn through the SMC 32 towards the vacuum bag 40 and, as previously explained, this causes the SMC 32 to become fixed to the external surface of the strut 30. Once the SMC 32 is fixed in place, the heat blanket 42 is switched on and the heat curable SMC 32 is cured.
- the heat blanket 42 may be a silicone heat pad that is generally reusable. In use, the heat blanket 42 is arranged to heat the heat curable SMC 32 so that its temperature rises to between around 80 0 C and 145 0 C, and preferably the SMC 32 cures at close to this temperature. In other embodiments the heat blanket 42 is arranged to heat the heat curable SMC 32 to around 150-200 0 C. The curing time for the SMC 32 varies depending on its thickness and precise composition but 10 to 20 minutes is typical.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention concerne un procédé permettant de fixer un revêtement sur une surface. Un revêtement (6) constitué d'un préimprégné durcissant sous UV est disposé entre un sac sous vide (10) et une surface (2) qui doit être revêtue. Le sac sous vide (10) est une feuille flexible. Le sac sous vide (10) présente une valve (12) qui peut être raccordée à une pompe pour évacuer le sac. Lors du fonctionnement, l'air est entraîné à travers le revêtement (6) par le sac sous vide (10) de façon à fixer le revêtement sur la surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0707715A GB0707715D0 (en) | 2007-04-20 | 2007-04-20 | Method of coating a surface with sheet moulding compound |
GB0707715.9 | 2007-04-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008129266A1 true WO2008129266A1 (fr) | 2008-10-30 |
Family
ID=38135188
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2008/001369 WO2008129266A1 (fr) | 2007-04-20 | 2008-04-18 | Procédé de revêtement d'une surface avec un préimprégné et système de protection de surface |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB0707715D0 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008129266A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101526648B1 (ko) * | 2011-12-15 | 2015-06-09 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 플렉서블 디스플레이 기판의 제조방법 |
EP3450150A1 (fr) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-06 | Grupo Navec Servicios Industriales, SL | Procédé de reconstitution in situ et de réparation de tuyaux et de structures de confinement |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5166007A (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1992-11-24 | Smith W Novis | Repair compositions and structure |
FR2777496A1 (fr) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-22 | Sunkiss Aeronautique | Procede d'obtention, reparation ou reconstruction d'un objet avec une piece ou materiau composite |
US6146576A (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 2000-11-14 | Intralaminar Heat Cure, Inc. | Method of forming advanced cured resin composite parts |
US20060191624A1 (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-08-31 | Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. | Single vacuum debulk composite panel repair |
-
2007
- 2007-04-20 GB GB0707715A patent/GB0707715D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2008
- 2008-04-18 WO PCT/GB2008/001369 patent/WO2008129266A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5166007A (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1992-11-24 | Smith W Novis | Repair compositions and structure |
US6146576A (en) * | 1994-08-08 | 2000-11-14 | Intralaminar Heat Cure, Inc. | Method of forming advanced cured resin composite parts |
FR2777496A1 (fr) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-10-22 | Sunkiss Aeronautique | Procede d'obtention, reparation ou reconstruction d'un objet avec une piece ou materiau composite |
US20060191624A1 (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2006-08-31 | Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. | Single vacuum debulk composite panel repair |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
D. B. MIRACLE & S. L. DONALDSON: "Volume 21 - Composites", December 2001, ASM INTERNATIONAL, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, ISBN: 0-87170-703-9, XP002487450 * |
F. C. CAMPBELL: "Manufacturing processes for advanced composites", 2004, ELSEVIER, OXFORD, UK, ISBN: 1-8561-7415-8, XP002487449 * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101526648B1 (ko) * | 2011-12-15 | 2015-06-09 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 플렉서블 디스플레이 기판의 제조방법 |
EP3450150A1 (fr) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-06 | Grupo Navec Servicios Industriales, SL | Procédé de reconstitution in situ et de réparation de tuyaux et de structures de confinement |
US10774974B2 (en) | 2017-09-04 | 2020-09-15 | Grupo Navec Servicios Industriales, S.L. | In-situ rebuild method for in-situ rebuilding and repairing pipes and containment structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB0707715D0 (en) | 2007-05-30 |
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