WO2008125721A1

WO2008125721A1 - Window structure

Info

Publication number: WO2008125721A1
Application number: PCT/FI2007/000257
Authority: WO
Inventors: Harto Helpinen; Vesa Laukkanen
Original assignee: Innobahn Oy
Priority date: 2007-04-11
Filing date: 2007-10-23
Publication date: 2008-10-23
Also published as: EP2156001A1; FI20070277L; FI20070277A0

Abstract

The invention relates to a window construction. The window construction comprising profiled frames (12). The profiled frames (12) including ventilation air channels (10). The window construction having adjustable ventilation arrangement for ventilating indoor air without opening the window.

Description

Window structure

The object of this invention is a window structure in the profile structured casing of which adjustable air ducts have been fitted which can be opened and closed.

The product development of indoor air ventilation solutions of buildings has been focused on mechanical ventilation, either as a complete in-out solution or replacing a mechanical removal (eg. located in the framework of the windows) with compensating air regulating valves. However, a possibility for traditional ventilation is also needed by opening a ventilator to exchange the indoor air. For this purpose small openable windows as such have been used and/or a small ventilation part has been separated from a bigger window either with a vertical or horizontal casing or separate vents have been built (graphs A and B1, B2).

There are plenty of disadvantages in the known solutions. Intermediate casing and framework make the opening remarkably smaller, generally increase the expenses of a window by a half, often form a safety risk for children and let the noise and rain in. Separate vents are also quite expensive, as they require a hole of their own in the wall. The disadvantage of the known ventilation windows, especially the horizontal ones, is that their ventilation efficiency is quite weak considering the square area of the ventilation hole, because the difference in gravitational pressure cannot be efficiently used.

One purpose of a ventilation window according to the invention is to release visual design from the ventilation parts of the intermediate casings of a window. The window partitions required on architectural grounds can be formed in a diversified way, for example by using special slender extension profiles, without reducing the lightness.

The additional purpose of the invention in hand is a ventilator framework by virtue of which many stages can be avoided in the installation of a window which have earlier required a lot of handwork. The window structures already known are generally fitted in an embrasure, seen from the inside, the side, upper and lower surfaces of which must be finished with a filler or a corresponding surface dressing. The purpose is to avoid these handwork stages by means of an advantageous application form of the invention and to accomplish a window structure which is easy to fit in window openings of different depths. Additionally, a window framework solution is presented in the application in which the aforementioned fitting problems are avoided even in windows the framework of which has no ventilation ducts.

Also, the purpose of the invention is to accomplish a window framework the framework profile of which can be manufactured from more extensive ranges of materials, even ecological recycled materials like recycled plastic and different composite materials like the new wooden plastic composites. Then the purpose is to accomplish a ventilation framework and frame profile which is affordable to manufacture as a continuous profile and to compose different ventilation frame windows.

It may be emphasised here that this invention does not concern a compensation air valve, but a new kind of a solution for the traditional ventilation need which can replace ventilation windows and ventilators, eliminating their problems.

In order to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and to reach the other goals, it is mainly characteristic of the ventilation window frame in accordance with the first application form that oblong, tubular hollows have been inserted in the casing structure to replace the ventilation windows and ventilators, which are opened for ventilation purposes to the outdoor air, the interior and also the space between the glasses and that the hollows in question are fitted with internal pipes, which are revolved in order to open/close the ventilation ducts and the amount of ventilation air can be regulated and the ventilation ducts have been measured and arranged so that they do not essentially diminish the durability of the casing structure, the capacity of the heat and sound insulation and the ventilation capacity of the ventilation ducts corresponds to the ventilation capacity of a known separate ventilation window, without essentially reducing the aperture of the window structure.

It is mainly characteristic of the other application form of the invention that ventilation ducts have been inserted inside casing profiles for most of the acircumference of the casing and they are openable for ventilation purposes to the outdoor air and the interior and that the cross-sectional area (paa) of the maximum air flow ventilation ducts was selected from the area paa = 0,02 m2 .... 0,4 m2, depending on the square area of the window opening (pav) so that the ratio of the pav/paa is in the area 40/1 .... 5/1, the purpose of which is to eliminate the need for separate ventilation windows and/or ventilators and their intermediate frames.

Below the standard of the technology related to the invention and different advantageous application forms of the invention are described by referring to the graphs of the enclosed drawings in which graph A presents a known window furnished with a vertical ventilation window or ventilator; graph B1 presents a traditional window furnished with a horizontal ventilation window or ventilator and graph B2 presents a columnar section of the window in graph B1; graph 1 presents a ventilation window frame graphically in accordance with the invention seen from the inside and graph 2 presents the same as a columnar section; graph 3A presents a window in accordance with the invention as a columnar section, graph 3B presents a horizontal section of the same window and graph 3C presents a section corresponding to the lower part of graph 3A on a greater scale and slightly modified; graph 4A presents a ventilation frame solution as a columnar section in which the frame profile has only one adjusting cylinder and the window has one threefold insulation glass element and graph 4B presents the same as a columnar section; graph 5A presents a window frame without ventilation ducts in which the adjustable hidden framings are in accordance with the invention and graph 5B presents the same as a horizontal section;

In graph A a traditional window a1 already known is presented which is furnished with an openable vertical ventilation window b1. In graphs B1 and B2 a corresponding ventilation window a2 furnished with a lower horizontal ventilation window B2 is presented. If the external dimensionings of the casings of windows a1 and a2 are, for instance, 180 x 160 cm, the surface of the apertures of the windows, including the ventilation windows b1 and b2, is typically 1,99 m2. So the intermediate casing and frames require approximately 30 % of the surface of the aperture with the aforementioned dimensionings. The maximum ventilator surface pat of inwards opening ventilation windows b1 and b2 is typically pat=0,1 m2, so the ratio of the surface of the aperture pav to the pat, pav/pat = 20/1... 5/1. The ventilation air flows are marked as Lin and Lout. Due to the difference in pressure, the ventilation efficiency of the window in graph A per the surface pat unit is greater than in graph B1 ,2. The efficiency of the ventilation of a ventilation window in accordance with the Finnish standards has not been defined. The surface of the ventilators of smaller, approved solutions made in accordance with graphs A and B is at its least 0,02 m2.

The purpose of the invention in hand is to eliminate the need for separate ventilation windows or ventilators and intermediate casings in a ventilation window and their expenses, the diminishing effect on the aperture and the aesthetic limitations, without reducing the capacity of the heat and sound insulation or even to improve the characteristics of an openable ventilation window, for example using the following window structures.

The casing parts of a window structure in accordance with the invention presented in graphs 1-4 are fitted to each other with profile pieces 12 which have been cut from a uniform profile attached at both ends, which profile is made of, for example, gluelam, recycled plastic, a moulding compound and/or a composite material like a wooden plastic composite. The profile in question can be manufactured from the aforementioned materials or their combinations as a continuous industrial process. Even metal, or preferably aluminium, can be used as a profile material.

The horizontal profiles 12a of a ventilation window casing presented in graphs 1 and 2 are furnished with ventilation ducts 10 which will be described in more detail later, whereas the vertical profiles 12u are closed. The maximum flow cross-sectional area of ventilation ducts 10, paa+pay, is essentially as great as the corresponding surface pat of a window having an aperture pav of the same size as in graphs A and B. In accordance with the invention, the ventilation ducts have been inserted inside the frame profiles 12 for most of the circumference of the frame profiles and they are openable for ventilation puφoses to the outdoor air and the interior. In this invention the cross-sectional area (paa) of the maximum air flow ventilation ducts 10 was selected ....from the area paa = 0.02 m2 .... 0,4 m2 depending on the square area of the window opening (pav) so that the ratio of pav/paa is in the area of 40/1 .... 5/1. Thus the need for separate ventilation windows and/or ventilators and their intermediate casing parts is eliminated. In most applications of the invention, the paa is selected from the area 0,05 m2 ... 0,2 m2 and the aforementioned ratio pva/paa is selected from the area 30/1 .... 10/1. Longitudinal cylinder-like hollows of their whole length have been formed in the casing profiles 12 in which regulating, tubular bearing elements 14a and 14b made of plastic material were passed. By revolving them the flow apertures and ventilation air flows can be regulated and opened or closed, if necessary. In the regulating elements 14a, 14b there are closed walls 14d and apertures 14b and intermediate brackets in the aperture parts which can best be seen in graph 3C.

In the open position in accordance with graph 3C₁ regulating elements 14 do not choke the ventilation air flow. The applications presented in graphs 3A and 3C differ from each other only in that in graph 3A, the inner glass element 13 is furnished with openable frame 16c and external glass 13a is solid, whereas according to graph 3C both glass elements 13a and 13b are openable.

Revolving the regulating elements 14 is performed with the levers placed in the vertical casings. The revolving movement can be conveyed to the regulating elements 14, for example in the same manner as in roller blinds, the mechanism of which is based on draw threads and return springs, as presented in the Fl application.

The ventilation air ducts do not remarkably diminish the heat insulation capacity of the window structure, as the structure of the glass part is decisive.

The hollows of the horizontal and vertical profiles of the casing structure are provided with sound absorbing material and at least the hollows of the horizontal, preferably inner regulating element 14 is provided with material 15 which filters the ventilation air.

The window is placed in an embrasure, seen from the inside, in accordance with graphs 2 and 3. Both the vertical sides and the upper and lower surfaces of hollow 19 have in accordance with this invention been finished with hollow window jambs or covering ledges 20, instead of using a filler or other nowadays used surface dressing, through which the ventilation air flows in and out and which are preferably the same material, for example a moulding compound made of recycled material, as the casing profiles or other such material, like wood or plastic or a composite material. Lower horizontal covering ledge 20 is also a window sill. In accordance with graphs 2, 3 and 5, the covering ledges are formed from the inner parts 20a, furnished with intermediate brackets the outer end of which is tightly attached to the inner end of the air ducts of the casing profiles 12. The parts opposite each other of the covering ledges go telescopically inside each other 22 and the ventilation air apertures 23 at the outer end of the covering ledges 20, so the covering ledges 20 become adjustable according to embrasure 19. Through covering ledges 20, the ventilation air is arranged so that it flows in. The air ducts of the casing profiles and the hollow inside of the covering ledges form ventilation air ducts 10, with which the regulating elements 14 have been fitted so that the ventilation air ducts can be opened/closed with them and the amount of ventilation air is adjustable. Lower horizontal covering ledge 20 also forms a window sill.

There is a ventilation manner in graphs 2,3A₁B₁C which can be implemented. The outer regulating element 14 of the lower profile 12a is opened to the outdoor air and the space V between the glasses and the regulating element 14b of the upper profile to the space between the glasses and to the interior through a duct of covering ledge 20. The advantage of a window of coming air already known is thus achieved: the outdoor air becomes warmer as it rises up in the space between the glasses, exchanging the warmth of the indoor air. Energy-efficiency, draughtlessness and sound insulation capacity are achieved. The space between the glasses functions as a sound cranny, which is improved by the use of corresponding hollows for sound damping of vertical profiles 12p, by filling them with sound absorbing and air filtering material 15 and by the furnishing the space between the glasses with perforation. The material can be for example cellular plastic made of open cells or pulp wool, which smooths the dampness like material 15 in graph 3C.

In some situations condensation may arise on the inner surface of outer glass 13a. This can be avoided by alternatively opening the air duct of upper profile 12b or the outer space /space between the glasses of lower profile 12a space between glasses/inner space. This alternative offers even the advantage of cooling the interior air in sunny weather. The acoustic advantage is like in the previous alternative. A third alternative is to open all holes at the same time, if faster ventilation is desired. If even greater ventilation is occasionally needed, a whole window can be opened in spite of a possible difficulty. In that case it can be opened like the window presented in graph 3C.

In graphs 3A,3B,3C efficient ventilation is presented, in which the ventilation ducts of the lower and upper profiles are open outwards/inwards and the ventilation air flow Lin comes in through lower profile 12a and the air Lout goes out through upper profile 12b, assisted by the difference in height. If additional ventilation is needed, the ducts of vertical profiles 12p can be opened at the same time directly or through space V between the glasses out/in. The invention can naturally also be applied in such cases when inner glass 13b is solid, while outer glass 13a is openable for cleaning.

In graphs 4A and 4B, even covering ledges 20c differ from those presented above in that there is no width control part 22, but they are united pieces, with intermediate brackets, if necessary.

The casing profiles presented above also have the advantageous characteristic that they can be machined or otherwise manufactured without any separate parts to be added afterwards. Then the air apertures can be machined with system perforation and cut open for adjustable covering ledges 20,20c, if necessary. Then the casing profile is only one independent element. The adjustment of covering ledge 20 is done in the ledge itself, according to the application, and the attachment to the casing profile is always the same in the glass wall version, too (graph 5).

The normal ventilation capacity of a window solution in accordance with the invention corresponds to the capacity of a common ventilation window in size, when it is in the childproof locking position or a common ventilator furnished with a grill or for example the dreh-kipp window which is common in Germany. It is more sensible to open regulating elements 14 applying slight force in accordance with the invention than heavy glass packages.

A compensating air valve can be attached to the solution, for example with a light baffle (not presented) attached to the internal regulating element of upper casing profile 12b, which opens slightly with the low pressure of the interior air and automatically closes at other times. It is a good idea to have a permanent slight crack in the exterior glass.

In graphs 5A and 5B an application of regulating covering ledges 20 is presented with a window structure furnished with solid insulation glass element 13d the casing of which has no ventilation air ducts, but its profiles 12S are solid closed profiles, which can be made of the materials presented above or even metal profiles, for example aluminium. A window can have intermediate profiles 12sv, if a bigger window-wall is manufactured. As the air ducts are not used, external ends 25 of covering ledges 20 can be closed. As it can be seen from graphs 5A and 5B, adjustable covering ledge 20 is widely applicable, even in other than the window structures presented above.

It may be emphasised here, that even such ventilation windows belong to the scope of the invention which do not have the covering ledge structures 20-23 presented in graphs 2-4.

Below the patent claims are presented in the scope of which the details of the invention details may vary and deviate from what was presented above only as examples.

Claims

Patent claims

1. The window structure, in profile (12) structured casing of which adjustable air ducts have been fitted, which can be opened and closed is known for that longitudinal tubular hollows have been fitted in the casing structure to replace ventilation windows and ventilators. These hollows open for ventilation purposes to the outdoor air, the interior and also the space between the glasses and the hollows in question are fitted with internal pipes (14a, 14b), which can be opened/closed and the amount of ventilation air can be regulated and the ventilation ducts have been measured and arranged so that they do not essentially diminish the durability of the frame structure, the capacity of the heat and sound insulation and the ventilation capacity of ventilation ducts (10) correspond to the ventilation capacity of a known separate ventilation window, without essentially reducing the aperture (pav) of the window structure.

2. The window structure in the profile (12) structured casing of which adjustable air ducts have been fitted, which can be opened and closed is known for that ventilation ducts (10) have been inserted inside the casing profiles (12) which can be opened for ventilation purposes to the outdoor air and the interior and that the crόss-sectional area (paa) of the maximum air flow ventilation ducts was selected from the area paa = 0,02 m2.... 0,4 m2, depending on the square area of the window opening (pav) so that the ratio of pav/paa is in the area 40/1 .... 5/1 , the purpose of which is to eliminate the need for the separate ventilation windows and/or ventilators and their intermediate casing.

3. The window structure in accordance with the patent claim 2 is known for that the paa was selected from the area 0,05 m2.... 0,2 m2 and/or the aforementioned ratio pva/paa was selected from the area 30/1 .... 10/1.

4. The window structure in accordance with the patent claims 1 -3, is known for that seen from the inside of the window opening, the hollow (19) both the vertical sides and the upper and lower surfaces of which have been finished with hollow covering ledges (20) instead of using a filler or other nowadays used surface dressing. Through these hollows the ventilation air flows in and the above-mentioned air ducts (10) of the casing profiles and hollow inner space of the covering ledges (20) form ventilation air ducts in which regulating elements (14) have been fitted, which can be opened/cioseα ana tne amount oτ ventilation air can be regulated and the horizontal covering ledge (20) is also a window sill.

5. The window structure in accordance with the patent claim 4 is known for that the parts opposite each other of the covering ledges (20) go telescopically inside each other (22) and that the ventilation air apertures (23) at the outer end of the covering ledges (20) so that the covering ledges 20 become adjustable according to the embrasure (19).

6. The window structure in accordance with the patent claims 1 -5 is known for that the longitudinal cylinder-like hollows (11) of their whole length have been formed in the casing profiles (12) in which regulating, tubular bearing elements (14a, 14b) made of plastic material were passed. By revolving them the flow apertures and ventilation air flows can be regulated and opened or closed, if necessary, and in the above-mentioned regulating elements (14a, 14b) there are visible closed walls (14d) and apertures (14b) (graph 3C).

7. The window structure in accordance with one of the patent claims 1-6, especially a ventilation frame window furnished with insulation glass element (13c) is known for that the casing profiles (12c) each have only one regulating element (14c) the ventilation air flows (Lin, Lout) of which can be controlled out/in and additionally directed and controlled from the outside/inside either through covering ledges (20c) and/or nearer the glass element (13c) (graphs 4A and 4B).

8. The window structure in accordance with one of the patent claims 1-7 is known for that at least a part of the ventilation duct hollows of the lower casing profiles (14) is filled with material (15) which filters ventilation air and/or absorbs sound.

9. The window structure in accordance with one of the patent claims 1-8 is known for that the casing parts of the window structure are attached to each other with profile pieces which have been cut from a uniform profile attached at both ends, which profile is made of gluelam, recycled plastic, a moulding compound and/or a composite material like a wooden plastic composite.

10. Using the covering ledges in accordance with the patent claims 4 or 5 in such a window structure the casing profiles (12S) of which are not furnished with ventilation air ducts (graphs 5A,5B).