WO2008122580A2 - Gazon artificiel - Google Patents

Gazon artificiel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008122580A2
WO2008122580A2 PCT/EP2008/054047 EP2008054047W WO2008122580A2 WO 2008122580 A2 WO2008122580 A2 WO 2008122580A2 EP 2008054047 W EP2008054047 W EP 2008054047W WO 2008122580 A2 WO2008122580 A2 WO 2008122580A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
active material
layer
artificial turf
iec
turf according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/054047
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008122580A3 (fr
Inventor
Mieke Quaghebeur
Ben Laenen
Original Assignee
Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologisch Onderzoek (Vito)
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologisch Onderzoek (Vito) filed Critical Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologisch Onderzoek (Vito)
Publication of WO2008122580A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008122580A2/fr
Publication of WO2008122580A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008122580A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/02—Foundations, e.g. with drainage or heating arrangements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • E01C2013/086—Combination of synthetic and natural grass

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to an artificial or synthetic turf, in particular for use as a surface for sports activities.
  • Artificial turfs are generally constructed from synthetic and/or natural materials that are combined in one or more layers covering the surface underneath.
  • artificial turfs include a carpet-like pile fabric with a flexible backing lying on a compacted substrate, such as crushed stone or other stabilized base material.
  • the pile fabric has rows of upstanding synthetic ribbons representing grass blades, and extending upwardly from the top surface of the backing.
  • granulated rubber can contain up to 200 mg/kg dm (mg per kg of dry matter) leachable Zn (Liquid/Solid ratio L/S 10) as determined by the EN12457-4.
  • the acceptance criteria for Zn for inert waste is 4 mg/kg dm (L/S 10)
  • the acceptance criteria for Zn for non-dangerous waste is 50 mg/kg dm (L/S 10) (determined by EN12457)
  • rubber can contain other leachable chemical compounds that can affect the environment.
  • the present invention aims to provide an artificial turf structure, which presents a solution to problems of existing structures, for the prevention of soil pollution .
  • the invention is related to an artificial turf such a described in the appended claims, wherein an active material is provided, preferably in the form of active particles, e.g. grains or fibres.
  • the active particles are biologically or chemically active, in the sense that they react with contaminants present in the artificial turf, after said contaminants have dissolved in rainwater or groundwater passing through the artificial turf, to thereby bind these contaminants and prevent the contaminants from entering the soil.
  • contaminants break down or chemically transform through contact with the active material, or the contaminants adopt a less soluble form through said contact.
  • the contaminant may thus precipitate onto, or be adsorbed onto the active material.
  • a separate layer consisting of or comprising active particles may be provided, and located underneath a layer of the artifical turf which comprises leachable compounds (contaminants) .
  • the active layer may be located directly underneath the layer comprising contaminants, or may be separated therefrom by other layers of the turf (e.g. a resilient layer) .
  • the active particles can be incorporated in the lower portion of a layer of the artificial turf, said layer comprising leachable compounds.
  • the active material can be a mineral, such as an aluminium silicate or an oxide.
  • a clay mineral can, be used, e.g. glauconite.
  • at least one layer comprises glauconite in a concentration between 2% and 70% (W/W) , preferably between 20% and 60% (W/W) .
  • the active material can be an organic material. It can be a natural organic material, e.g. a compost type of organic matter, comprising a concentration of between 5% and 15% organic carbon (W/W) .
  • the compost type of organic matter may further comprise humic and fulvic acids.
  • the artificial turf comprises a flexible mat with upstanding ribbons, with a layer of sand or a layer comprising granulated rubber in between said ribbons.
  • the active particles are incorporated in the lower portion of said layer of sand or granulated rubber, or in a resilient layer lying directly underneath said flexible mat, or in a drainage layer lying directly underneath said resilient layer.
  • the active particles may be incorporated in a separate layer lying underneath the drainage layer.
  • the artificial turf of the invention preferably comprises one or more geotextiles substantially parallel to the surface of the turf, said membranes being placed in order to retain the reacted contaminants (e.g. adsorbed onto active particles) in a defined zone, during the lifetime of the artificial turf.
  • said layer comprising the active material when the layer comprising the active material is separate from the layer comprising the contaminant, said layer comprising active material preferably has a thickness of max. 20cm, more preferably between 5 and 10 cm.
  • said active material has a ionic exchange capacity (IEC), being a cationic exchange capacity (CEC) or an anionic exchange capacity (AEC) , with
  • IEC -AEC when the surface of the active material has a net positive charge, and wherein said ionic exchange capacity (IEC) has an absolute value of at least 3 meq/lOOg, and/or wherein said active material has an ionic exchange capacity (IEC) which is dependent on the pH of the material in contact with the active material, and with :
  • the layer comprising said active material preferably has a hydraulic conductivity of at least 10 ⁇ 5 cm/s, preferably at least 10 ⁇ 2 cm/s.
  • Fig. 1 represents an artificial turf according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 represents an artificial turf according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 represents an artificial turf according to a third embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 4 shows results on tests performed on specific active materials.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an artifical turf according to the invention.
  • Artificial turf in this description is to be understood as including all the layers that are applied on top of the soil.
  • the artificial turf of figure 1 therefore consists of layers 1, 3, 4 and 5.
  • the turf comprises a flexible sheet 1, to which are attached upstanding ribbons 2.
  • a granulate material 3, e.g. crumb rubber is present between the upstanding ribbons.
  • a resilient layer 4 is present underneath the flexible sheet, thereby determining the sport technical characteristics of the turf.
  • the resilient layer may comprise any suitable material. It may comprise or consist of granulated rubber.
  • a drainage layer 5, e.g. a quartz sand layer, is present underneath the resilient layer and separated therefrom by a geotextile 6.
  • the active particles 7 are incorporated into the crumb rubber layer present between the upstanding ribbons.
  • the active particles are dispersed in said layer, so that a higher concentration of active particles is present in the lower half of the layer than in the upper half (as illustrated in the drawing) .
  • the active particles are incorporated into the drainage layer 5.
  • a geotextile 20 is then preferably present underneath the drainage layer 5.
  • a separate layer 8 is present underneath the drainage layer 5, and separated therefrom by a geotextile 9.
  • the active particles are dispersed in said separate layer 8.
  • the separate layer 7 is itself separated from the soil underneath by a further geotextile 10.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments of figures 1 to 3.
  • the active particles may be present in or underneath any layer that comprises leachable components, such as the Zn which is present in the crumb rubber layer.
  • an artificial turf of the invention does not need to comprise all the component layers shown in the drawings.
  • the resilient layer and/or the drainage layer can be omitted.
  • One or more geotextiles are preferably present, located such that the leachable components or their reaction products, once the leachable components have reacted with the active particles, remain within a confined area of the artificial turf.
  • the geotextiles allow to remove the artificial turf or parts of the artificial turf after its lifetime, and thereby also remove the contaminants.
  • Active particles can be provided in bulk and mixed directly with one of the layers of the artificial turf, or they can be pre-mixed with sand or gravel before being added to the turf.
  • concentration of active particles in a layer of the turf is dependent upon the amount of contaminants present and/or of the nature of the active particles. The amount of active particles should not adversely affect the characteristics of the layer into which they are incorporated.
  • Another important parameter is the average size of the active particles or fibres.
  • Optimal operation of the active layer is obtained with small particles, preferably having a characteristic dimension lower than lOO ⁇ m. This dimension can be the average diameter in the case of grain-like particles, or a characteristic length, e.g. in the case of fibres. These small particles ensure a maximum contact surface between the particles and the contaminant. Other considerations may have to be taken into account, such as resilience and other sport-related functionalities, especially in the case of active particles being incorporated in a layer which already has another function (e.g. drainage layer, resilient layer).
  • at least 50% of the particles or fibres has a characteristic dimension of max. lOO ⁇ m, e.g.
  • At least 70% and at least 80% respectively of the particles or fibres has a characteristic dimension of max. lOO ⁇ m.
  • at least 50% of the particles has a characteristic dimension between lOO ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m. This may be the case when the active particles or fibres are incorporated in a drainage layer or in a resilient layer.
  • at least 70% and at least 80% respectively of the particles or fibres has a characteristic dimension between lOO ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
  • the active material can be a mineral, e.g. glauconite.
  • One embodiment comprises a glauconite-rich layer of sand as the active layer, e.g. the drainage layer 5.
  • a glauconite-rich active layer preferably comprises a concentration of glauconite between 2% and 70%, e.g. 56%.
  • An active layer comprising a fraction of organic material preferably may comprise a concentration of organic carbon of 5-15%, e.g. 9.6% TOC (total organic carbon).
  • Figure 4 shows a graph based on so-called column tests, wherein a layer of granulated rubber is brought into contact with a layer comprising active material (glauconite or compost) , in a tube in the laboratory. Water is then percolated through the tube, so that the water passes first through the rubber and then through the active material.
  • the graph in figure 4 shows the concentration of Zn in the water after it has flown through the column, as a function of the Liquid/Solid ratio (L/S) , which indicates the amount of liquid percolated through the column.
  • L/S Liquid/Solid ratio
  • the result is shown in three cases: an active layer comprising glauconite ( ⁇ ) , an active layer comprising compost (A) , and a non-active layer of quartz sand ( ⁇ ) . It is clear that the active layers are very capable of retaining the Zn.
  • the thickness of said separate layer is between 5 and 10 cm, for a layer 3 of granulated rubber of 10cm thick, which is a good average of the thickness of the granulated rubber layer. Therefore, the invention is related to an artificial turf with a separate layer comprising active particles, said layer having a thickness between 5 and 10 cm.
  • Table 1 shows an example of the particle size distribution in the case of a glauconite-rich layer, and in the case of a compost-rich layer.
  • the active material is a material that is able to adsorb leachable components.
  • Adsorption is a process wherein an ion or small molecule is bound to a surface of the active material. There is no or little interaction between the adsorbed species.
  • the active material is such that a leachable component can precipitate onto the active material by surface precipitation of said component on the surface of the active material. In the latter case, the retained species directly interact with each other on the surface of the active material.
  • adsorption of the contaminant preferably takes place by surface complex adsorption.
  • Surface complex adsorption can take place by inner sphere specific adsorption (or ⁇ chemisorption' ) or by outer sphere non-specific adsorption.
  • An important parameter of surface complex adsorption is the ion exchange capacity, determined by the net charge on the active material's surface.
  • Active particles can have Cation exchange capacity (CEC) or Anion exchange capacity (AEC) , depending on whether the surface has a net negative or positive charge respectively.
  • CEC Cation exchange capacity
  • AEC Anion exchange capacity
  • the CEC or AEC is expressed as an ⁇ Ion exchange capacity' (IEC), wherein :
  • IEC CEC when the surface has a net negative charge
  • IEC -AEC when the surface has a net positive charge
  • the outer sphere non-specific adsorption is an electrostatic interaction wherein the IEC is not substantially influenced by the adsorption of cations/anions .
  • the adsorption causes a change in the IEC values.
  • These are materials with a so-called Variable charged surface' , of which the IEC is dependent on the pH of the material in contact with the active material. For these materials, IEC can be either positive or negative, depending on the pH.
  • the active material has an ion exchange capacity having an absolute value of at least 3meq/100g (milli- equivalents/100g) , preferably at least lOmeq/lOOg. Possibly, the absolute value of the IEC is not dependent on the pH of the material in contact with said active material .
  • the active material has an ion exchange capacity dependent on the pH of the contacting material, and wherein:
  • IEC P H7 the IEC of the active material at pH 7
  • IECpH 4 the IEC of the active material at pH 4.
  • the IEC values used in the formula can be positive or negative.
  • Materials of the latter type are for example compost or oxides, which exhibit a IEC which is strongly dependent on the pH, and which are therefore suitable for inner-sphere adsorption. The above formula ensures that the adsorption performance is sufficiently high for the purpose of the present invention.
  • the layer comprising the active material preferably has a hydraulic conductivity of at least 10 ⁇ 5 cm/s, and more preferably this parameter is higher than 10 ⁇ 2 cm/s.
  • the hydraulic conductivity of a layer can be determined on the basis of its characteristics such as density, dynamic viscosity, porosity and grain size. The well known Kozeny-Carman equation can be used for this purpose.
  • Tests by the inventors have revealed the data of table 2 for the embodiments of a glauconite-containing layer and a compost-containing layer. Table 2
  • the CEC values used in the present context are preferably measured according to the ISO11260 : 1994 method (Determination of effective cation exchange capacity and base saturation level using barium chloride solution) .
  • AEC values are preferably measured according to the method disclosed by Madeira et al (2003), ⁇ Cation and anion exchange properties of andisols from the Azores, Portugal, as determined by the compulsive exchange and the ammonium acetate methods. Geoderma 117:225-241.
  • Table 3 provides a number of oxides that can be used as active materials for the purpose of the invention .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un gazon artificiel comportant au moins une couche comprenant une quantité de constituant lixiviable, caractérisé en ce que le gazon comporte également un matériau actif (7), ledit constituant lixiviable pouvant précipiter sur ou être adsorbé par ledit matériau actif, lorsque le constituant est dissout dans l'eau, et ultérieurement lorsque l'eau vient en contact avec ledit matériau actif, ledit matériau actif étant incorporé dans la partie inférieure de la couche comprenant ledit constituant lixiviable, ou ledit matériau actif étant incorporé dans une couche (4, 5, 8) qui est séparée de ladite couche comprenant le constituant lixiviable et disposée en-dessous de celle-ci.
PCT/EP2008/054047 2007-04-04 2008-04-03 Gazon artificiel WO2008122580A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07105637A EP1978156A1 (fr) 2007-04-04 2007-04-04 Gazon artificiel
EP07105637.8 2007-04-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008122580A2 true WO2008122580A2 (fr) 2008-10-16
WO2008122580A3 WO2008122580A3 (fr) 2008-12-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2008/054047 WO2008122580A2 (fr) 2007-04-04 2008-04-03 Gazon artificiel

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP1978156A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008122580A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3483340A1 (fr) * 2017-10-24 2019-05-15 Moosdorf, Heidi Sols pour terrain d'équitation ou de sport et procédé de fabrication d'un sol pour terrain d'équitation ou de sport

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009154121A1 (fr) * 2008-06-18 2009-12-23 株式会社ブリヂストン Composition d’élastomère et pneumatique utilisant la composition d’élastomère
NL1037326C2 (nl) * 2009-09-24 2011-03-28 Tencate Itex B V Substraat voor sport- en recreatievelden, een drager voor een kunstgrasmat voorzien van een dergelijk substraat, een kunstgrasmat voorzien van een dergelijk substraat en een samenstelling voor een dergelijk substraat.

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4337283A (en) * 1980-09-11 1982-06-29 Haas Jr Frederick T Synthetic turf playing surface with resilient top-dressing
WO2004077914A2 (fr) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-16 Domo Cabrita N.V. Gazon synthetique
EP1531201A1 (fr) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-18 DSM IP Assets B.V. Utilisation d'un élastomère thermoplastique vulcanisé ou d'un polymère styrène-ethylène-butadiène-styrène comme matériau granulaire pour gazon artificiel
JP2005281982A (ja) * 2004-03-26 2005-10-13 Nippon Field System Kk グランド材
WO2006109110A1 (fr) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 Italgreen S.P.A. Structure de gazon artificiel et procede de fabrication

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4337283A (en) * 1980-09-11 1982-06-29 Haas Jr Frederick T Synthetic turf playing surface with resilient top-dressing
WO2004077914A2 (fr) * 2003-03-05 2004-09-16 Domo Cabrita N.V. Gazon synthetique
EP1531201A1 (fr) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-18 DSM IP Assets B.V. Utilisation d'un élastomère thermoplastique vulcanisé ou d'un polymère styrène-ethylène-butadiène-styrène comme matériau granulaire pour gazon artificiel
JP2005281982A (ja) * 2004-03-26 2005-10-13 Nippon Field System Kk グランド材
WO2006109110A1 (fr) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 Italgreen S.P.A. Structure de gazon artificiel et procede de fabrication

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3483340A1 (fr) * 2017-10-24 2019-05-15 Moosdorf, Heidi Sols pour terrain d'équitation ou de sport et procédé de fabrication d'un sol pour terrain d'équitation ou de sport

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1978156A1 (fr) 2008-10-08
WO2008122580A3 (fr) 2008-12-04

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