WO2008122278A2 - Operating method for a solid fuel burner - Google Patents

Operating method for a solid fuel burner Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008122278A2
WO2008122278A2 PCT/DE2008/000583 DE2008000583W WO2008122278A2 WO 2008122278 A2 WO2008122278 A2 WO 2008122278A2 DE 2008000583 W DE2008000583 W DE 2008000583W WO 2008122278 A2 WO2008122278 A2 WO 2008122278A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
burner
group
combustion
input
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2008/000583
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2008122278A3 (en
Inventor
Berhard Ruck
Original Assignee
S+K Gmbh Haus- Und Energietechnik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE200710039273 external-priority patent/DE102007039273A1/en
Application filed by S+K Gmbh Haus- Und Energietechnik filed Critical S+K Gmbh Haus- Und Energietechnik
Priority to DE112008001533T priority Critical patent/DE112008001533A5/en
Priority to EP08734468A priority patent/EP2142854A2/en
Priority to US12/598,859 priority patent/US20100178622A1/en
Publication of WO2008122278A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008122278A2/en
Publication of WO2008122278A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008122278A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B30/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber
    • F23B30/02—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts
    • F23B30/04—Combustion apparatus with driven means for agitating the burning fuel; Combustion apparatus with driven means for advancing the burning fuel through the combustion chamber with movable, e.g. vibratable, fuel-supporting surfaces; with fuel-supporting surfaces that have movable parts with fuel-supporting surfaces that are rotatable around a horizontal or inclined axis and support the fuel on their inside, e.g. cylindrical grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/002—Regulating fuel supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2202/00—Combustion
    • F23G2202/10—Combustion in two or more stages
    • F23G2202/105—Combustion in two or more stages with waste supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/205—Rotary drum furnace with water-cooled wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/208—Rotary drum furnace with interior agitating members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/80—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone
    • F23G2203/801—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone using conveyors
    • F23G2203/8013—Screw conveyors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2204/00—Supplementary heating arrangements
    • F23G2204/10—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel
    • F23G2204/101—Supplementary heating arrangements using auxiliary fuel solid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
    • F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/20—Waste supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F23G2209/261—Woodwaste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00—Controlling
    • F23N2237/08—Controlling two or more different types of fuel simultaneously

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the technical field of the firing, thus to the field of furnaces for particulate to free-flowing fuels in solid form, and in particular relates to a method of operating a solid fuel burner.
  • EP 1 396 679 A1 technical solution describes a promotion of the fuels first in the reservoir by means of screw and then to the remotely positioned heater via a pneumatic supply by means of negative pressure and then the supply to the combustion chamber by means of electro-mechanical metering.
  • the operating procedure does not address this technical solution.
  • the document DE 20 2005 003 836 U1 describes a rotationally symmetrically designed hot air generator for heating a gas by means of a biogenic material burning solid fuel burner.
  • the invention relates to the combination of a heat source in the form of a solid fuel burner with a heat exchanger in one, wherein the technical teaching describes the configuration of the circulation of the combustion gases in trains and the air to be heated by heat exchanger design elements.
  • the document AT 413 881 B describes a system solution of boiler with heat exchanger, solid fuel burner, ignition device, air supply and storage and supply facilities for the fuel.
  • This technical solution deals mainly with an automatic ignition device and the safe working of these in conjunction with other. Insofar as this technical solution deals with combustion at all, it does not deal with the operating procedure.
  • the invention is based on the object to achieve an improved and efficient operation of the solid fuel burner, with the emergence of aggressive substances such. Acids are minimized.
  • a burner for example, a likewise inventive solid fuel burner with hohizylindhari, multiple split burner design with arranged on a common axis pipe parts and laterally in the axial direction slag discharge, for two types of fuel, this with at least two inputs, which is also something away - so about 1 m - from the burner can be located.
  • the one fuel input is intended for coarser biogenic fuels, such as wood chips, grain waste and plaster.
  • the other fuel input of the overall arrangement is for small to flowable bodies, such as e.g. Cores or grains of biogenic fuel provided. If you provide the two fuel inputs, as Mehrwegin réelle, also very different combustion materials can optionally be supplied to the combustion.
  • fuel materials can initiate the burning process, which does not release any aggressive substances, and in the ensuing combustion process, fuel materials may be used which are to be incinerated for a variety of reasons, but would initially release aggressive substances during combustion in the startup process of combustion.
  • the operating method according to the invention is provided as a multi-phase firing process, especially as a 2 or 3-phase combustion process. It is also provided that the burner works with 2 different fuel groups.
  • a fuel group 1 comprises biogenic fuel which, at a temperature below the Brenner operating temperature applicable to the burner, does not form any aggressive substances, eg acids, upon combustion, such as pure wood fuels.
  • a fuel group 2 then includes all other biogenic fuels, such as straw, cereals, oilseed rape, maize, Miskantus, cherry pits.
  • the start of the burner, phase 1 of the burner operation takes place with a starting fuel of the fuel group 1.
  • the Fuel supply from a separate set fuel input made, the second fuel input for the main fuel of the fuel assembly 2 is initially not active.
  • the fuel supply to the fuel input for the fuel assembly 1 is deactivated and for the fuel supply to the fuel input for the main fuel, the fuel group 2, activated.
  • the continuous operation of the burner - as far as it does not fall below its operating temperature - then continues on, where it can alternately burn alternative fuel materials within the fuel group 2 temporally or depending on other conditions clocked in alternative embodiment of the fuel input of this fuel group as multipath input alternative fuel within the fuel group 2, phase 2 of the burner operation.
  • phase 3 of the burner operation when the burner is currently in the burning state of fuel group 2, is made by first deactivating the fuel supply of the fuel group 2 and activating the fuel supply of the fuel group 1 and then the combustion is set out of this fuel group, phase 3 of the burner operation.
  • phase 2 i. when burning the fuel group 2, the burning operation set.
  • the firing process can basically be carried out alternately with fuel materials within the fuel assembly 2 and / or alternately between the fuel assemblies 1 and 2.
  • Figure 1 represents a solid burner already described, the part a heating or hot water system / hot water treatment not shown.
  • the fuel input 7b is provided for the supply of coarser solid biogenic fuels, such as wood chips, grain waste and -ausputz into the combustion chamber.
  • the fuel inlet 7a is intended for small to flowable solids, cereal grains, cherry pits, etc. These fuel inputs can also be located a little further away from the burner chamber and then introduced through a "central" tube in the burner chamber.
  • Solid fuel burner any other solid fuel burner with at least two fuel inputs is suitable for this, should be burned biogenic material for operating a heating system.
  • Phase 1 of burner operation begins as soon as the control software of the heating system issues a heating and / or hot water request to the boiler and it will activate fuel delivery from the silo via the fuel input for the fuel group 1 into the combustion chamber.
  • the exact suburb conditions appropriate duration is given, for example, 30 sec. Simultaneously with the promotion of eg wood pellets or a little later time after the hot air blower starts and leads hot air through the terminal 9, hot air blower to. It has a minimum power of, for example, 2000 watts and generates hot air of about 600 0 C. The duration is limited to a maximum of six minutes. 30 sec.
  • the exhaust fan starts, ie it causes an air flow, which supports the ignition of the pellets.
  • the hot air blower is switched off. Once the oxygen concentration has dropped below 12%, pellets are fed again for 30 sec. Thereafter, the control waits 90 sec. And then promotes again for 30 sec. Pellets. This process is repeated five times.
  • the exhaust fan After completion of these operations is switched to "intelligent" control / regulation, ie the exhaust fan provides continuously via negative pressure and PID-controlled fan speed for a negative pressure at the exhaust pipe from 40 to 60 Pascal here, depending on the purpose, other equipment technical conditions and downstream heat exchanger, so that also higher negative pressures may be necessary, for example 1000 - 2000 Pascal
  • the controller calculates the ratio between screw running time or -still; averaging 60 sec.
  • the burner slowly reaches its maximum performance with optimum combustion.As long as the return flow increase, (boiler water is not released into the heating network, since it is still too cold) is closed, only fuel of group 1 - Wood pellets - burned up as soon as the return lift opens or the exhaust gas temperature has reached a certain specified value, eg 150 0 C, the supply of further wood pellets is stopped, stopping the burning process, phase 1, and it is the other fuel input for the fuel group 2 - main fuel, eg straw pellets - activated, Beginning of the burning process, phase 2.
  • a certain specified value eg 150 0 C
  • phase 3 is initiated, ie the fuel input for the fuel group 2 - main fuel, eg straw pellets - is deactivated and the fuel input for the fuel group 1 is reactivated.
  • the fuel input for the fuel group 2 - main fuel eg straw pellets - is deactivated and the fuel input for the fuel group 1 is reactivated.
  • phase 2 can also be omitted 3, the burning operation can be set.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the engineering domain of heating systems, in particular heating systems for chipped to free-flowing fuels in solid form and relates to an operating method for a solid fuel burner. The aim of the invention is to design an operating method for a solid fuel burner, which achieves an efficient operating mode for said burner with the main focus on minimising the production of aggressive substances such as acids. To achieve this, according to the invention, the burner operation has a double or triple combustion phase profile and the burner operates with two different groups of combustion material.

Description

Beschreibung description
Betriebsverfahren für einen FeststoffbrennerOperating method for a solid fuel burner
Die vorliegende Erfindung gehört zum technischen Gebiet der Feuerungen, damit zum Bereich der Feuerungen für stückige bis fließfähige Brennstoffe in fester Form und betrifft insbesondere ein Betriebsverfahren für einen Feststoffbrenner.The present invention belongs to the technical field of the firing, thus to the field of furnaces for particulate to free-flowing fuels in solid form, and in particular relates to a method of operating a solid fuel burner.
Zum Stand der Technik gehört es, stückige Güter, wie z.B. Pellets oder kleinstückige bis fließfähige Körper, wie z.B. Kerne oder Körner aus biogenem Material in Feststoffbrennern als Brennstoff zu verarbeiten. Zum Zwecke der Zuführung solcher stückiger bis fließfähiger Brennstoffe zum Feststoffbrenner werden entweder die Schwerkraft oder bestimmter Fördereinrichtungen ausgenutzt. Die Verbrennung erzeugt in der Regel unter bestimmten Umständen zwangsläufig ungewünschte bzw. schädliche Stoffe. So entstehen in Brenner- und nachfolgenden Räumen in deren noch kaltem Zustand sowie bei noch kalten Abgasen aggressive Stoffe, wie Säuren, die zur Schädigung der ganzen Anlage führen müssen, da bei solchen Betriebszuständen eine Kondensation nicht zu verhindern ist. Bei der in Rede stehenden Kategorie von Feststoffbrennern und deren Betriebsverfahren und damit bei dem ihnen zugrundeliegenden Temperatureinsatzbereich bzw. Temperaturregime ist es nicht möglich, die v.g. Entstehung selbst zu beseitigen. Nach der Beurteilung des Standes der Technik ist dieses Problem bisher noch nicht zufriedenstellend gelöst.It belongs to the state of the art, lumpy goods, such. Pellets or small to fluent bodies, e.g. Process cores or grains of biogenic material in solid fuel burners as fuel. For the purpose of supplying such lumpy to flowable fuels to the solid fuel burner either gravity or certain conveyors are exploited. As a rule, combustion inevitably produces undesirable or harmful substances under certain circumstances. Thus arise in burners and subsequent rooms in their still cold state and still cold exhaust gases aggressive substances, such as acids, which must lead to damage to the entire system, as in such operating conditions, condensation can not be prevented. For the category of solid fuel burners in question and their operating methods and thus for their underlying temperature range or temperature regime, it is not possible for the v.g. To eliminate the origin itself. According to the judgment of the prior art, this problem has not yet been satisfactorily solved.
Die in EP 1 396 679 A1 offenbarte technische Lösung beschreibt eine Förderung der Brennstoffe zunächst im Vorratsbehälter mittels Schnecke und danach zum entfernt positionierten Heizgerät über eine pneumatische Zuführung mittels Unterdruck und dann die Zuführung zur Brennkammer mittels elektro-mechanischer Mengendosierung. Auf das Betriebsverfahren geht diese technische Lösung nicht ein. Die Schrift DE 20 2005 003 836 U1 beschreibt einen rotationssymetrisch ausgestalteten Warmlufterzeuger zur Erwärmung eines Gases mittels eines biogenes Material verbrennenden Feststoffbrenners. Die Erfindung befasst sich mit der Kombination einer Wärmequelle in Gestalt eines Feststoffbrenners mit einem Wärmetauscher in einem, wobei die technische Lehre die Ausgestaltung der Zirkulation der Verbrennungsgase in Zügen und die der zu erwärmenden Luft durch Wärmetauscher-Konstruktionselemente beschreibt. Die Schrift AT 413 881 B beschreibt eine Systemlösung aus Heizkessel mit Wärmetauscher, Feststoffbrenner, Zündeinrichtung, Luftzuführung und Lager- sowie Zuführungseinrichtungen für den Brennstoff. Diese technische Lösung befasst sich hauptsächlich mit einer automatischen Zündeinrichtung und dem sicheren Wirken dieser im Zusammenwirken mit anderem. Insofern sich diese technische Lösung überhaupt mit der Verbrennung befasst, geht sie jedoch auf das Betriebsverfahren nicht ein.The disclosed in EP 1 396 679 A1 technical solution describes a promotion of the fuels first in the reservoir by means of screw and then to the remotely positioned heater via a pneumatic supply by means of negative pressure and then the supply to the combustion chamber by means of electro-mechanical metering. The operating procedure does not address this technical solution. The document DE 20 2005 003 836 U1 describes a rotationally symmetrically designed hot air generator for heating a gas by means of a biogenic material burning solid fuel burner. The invention relates to the combination of a heat source in the form of a solid fuel burner with a heat exchanger in one, wherein the technical teaching describes the configuration of the circulation of the combustion gases in trains and the air to be heated by heat exchanger design elements. The document AT 413 881 B describes a system solution of boiler with heat exchanger, solid fuel burner, ignition device, air supply and storage and supply facilities for the fuel. This technical solution deals mainly with an automatic ignition device and the safe working of these in conjunction with other. Insofar as this technical solution deals with combustion at all, it does not deal with the operating procedure.
Nach AT 003 685 U1 und AT 410 364 B sowie zugehörig auch DE 200 07 801 U1 wird ein Feststoffbrenner mit einer unter dem Brenneraumgehäuse befindlichen Unterschubvorrichtung nicht aber der Führung des Verbrennungsprozesses beschrieben.According to AT 003 685 U1 and AT 410 364 B and also belonging to DE 200 07 801 U1 a solid fuel burner with a under the burner chamber housing underrun device is not described but the leadership of the combustion process.
Ausgehend von den Mängeln des vorgenannten Standes der Technik liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine verbesserte und effiziente Fahrweise des Feststoffbrenners zu erreichen, mit der das Entstehung aggressiver Stoffe wie z.B. Säuren zu minimiert wird.Based on the deficiencies of the aforementioned prior art, the invention is based on the object to achieve an improved and efficient operation of the solid fuel burner, with the emergence of aggressive substances such. Acids are minimized.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgaben- und Zielstellung durch die Merkmale des Hauptanspruchs und in vorteilhaft ausgestaltender Form durch die Merkmale des abhängigen Anspruchs gelöst.According to the invention, this object and objective is achieved by the features of the main claim and in advantageous ausgestaltender form by the features of the dependent claim.
Das nachfolgend Dargestellte soll insbesondere auf die vorteilhaften Wirkungen der erfinderischen Verfahrensweise hinweisen. Voraussetzung für das erfindungsgemäße Betriebsverfahren ist ein Brenner, beispielsweise ein ebenfalls erfindungsgemäßer Feststoffbrenner mit hohizylindrischer, mehrfach geteilter Brennerausgestaltung mit auf einer gemeinsamen Achse angeordneten Rohrteilen und seitlichem in Achsrichtung erfolgendem Schlackeaustrag, für zwei Arten von Brennmaterialien, dieser mit mindestens zwei Eingängen, die sich auch etwas entfernt - so ca. 1 m - vom Brenner befinden können.The following is intended in particular to indicate the advantageous effects of the inventive method. Prerequisite for the operating method according to the invention is a burner, for example, a likewise inventive solid fuel burner with hohizylindrische, multiple split burner design with arranged on a common axis pipe parts and laterally in the axial direction slag discharge, for two types of fuel, this with at least two inputs, which is also something away - so about 1 m - from the burner can be located.
Der eine Brennmaterialeingang ist für gröberes biogenes Brennmaterialien, wie Hackschnitzel, Getreideabfall und -ausputz vorgesehen. Der andere Brennmaterialeingang der Gesamtanordnung ist für kleinstückige bis fließfähige Körper, wie z.B. Kerne oder Körner aus biogenem Brennmaterial vorgesehen. Wenn man die beiden Brennmaterialeingänge, als Mehrwegeingänge vorsieht, können auch wahlweise sehr unterschiedliche Brennmaterialien der Verbrennung zugeführt werden. Somit können Brennmaterialien den Brennprozess einleiten, die keine aggressiven Stoffe freisetzen, und es kann im Fortfolgendem im Verbrennungsprozess Brennmaterialien eingesetzt werden, die aus verschiedenen Gründen zur Verbrennung gebracht werden sollen, aber bei der Verbrennung zunächst im Startprozess der Verbrennung aggressive Stoffe freisetzen würden.The one fuel input is intended for coarser biogenic fuels, such as wood chips, grain waste and plaster. The other fuel input of the overall arrangement is for small to flowable bodies, such as e.g. Cores or grains of biogenic fuel provided. If you provide the two fuel inputs, as Mehrwegingänge, also very different combustion materials can optionally be supplied to the combustion. Thus, fuel materials can initiate the burning process, which does not release any aggressive substances, and in the ensuing combustion process, fuel materials may be used which are to be incinerated for a variety of reasons, but would initially release aggressive substances during combustion in the startup process of combustion.
Das erfindungsgemäße Betriebsverfahren ist als Mehrphasenbrennverlauf, speziell als 2 oder 3-Brennphasenverlauf, vorgesehen. Dazu ist auch vorgesehen, dass der Brenner mit 2 verschiedenen Brennmaterialgruppen arbeitet. Eine Brennmaterialgruppe 1 umfasst biogenes Brennmaterial, welches bei einer Temperatur unterhalb der für den Brenner geltenden Brennerbetriebstemperatur keine aggressiven Stoffe, z.B. Säuren, bei seiner Verbrennung bildet, so z.B. reine Holzbrennmaterialien. Eine Brennmaterialgruppe 2 umfasst dann alle übrigen biogenen Brennmaterialien, so z.B. Stroh, Getreide, Raps, Mais, Miskantus, Kirschkerne. Der Start des Brenners, Phase 1 des Brennerbetriebs, erfolgt mit einem Startbrennmaterial der Brennmaterialgruppe 1. Dazu wird die Brennmaterialzuführung aus einem gesondert dafür festgelegten Brennmaterialeingang vorgenommen, wobei der 2. Brennmaterialeingang für das Hauptbrennmaterial der Brennmaterialgruppe 2 zunächst noch nicht aktiv ist. Nach dem Erreichen der Brennerbetriebstemperatur wird die Brenn- materialzuführung am Brennmaterialeingang für die Brennmaterialgruppe 1 deaktiviert und dafür die Brennmaterialzuführung am Brennmaterialeingang für das Hauptbrennmaterial, die Brennmaterialgruppe 2, aktiviert. Der Dauerbetrieb des Brenners - soweit er seine Betriebstemperatur nicht unterschreitet - läuft dann fortfolgend weiter, wobei er bei alternativer Ausgestaltung des Brennmaterialeingangs dieser Brennmaterialgruppe als Mehrwegeingang alternative Brennmaterialien innerhalb der Brennmaterialgruppe 2 zeitlich oder von anderen Bedingungen abhängig getaktet verbrennen kann, Phase 2 des Brennerbetriebs. Das Beenden des Brennprozesses, Phase 3 des Brennerbetriebs, wenn der Brenner sich gerade im Zustand des Verbrennens von Brennmaterial der Brennmaterialgruppe 2 befindet, wird so vorgenommen, dass zunächst die Brennmaterialzuführung der Brennmaterialgruppe 2 deaktiviert und die Brennmaterialzuführung der Brennmaterialgruppe 1 aktiviert wird und danach die Verbrennung aus dieser Brennmaterialgruppe heraus eingestellt wird, Phase 3 des Brennerbetriebs.The operating method according to the invention is provided as a multi-phase firing process, especially as a 2 or 3-phase combustion process. It is also provided that the burner works with 2 different fuel groups. A fuel group 1 comprises biogenic fuel which, at a temperature below the Brenner operating temperature applicable to the burner, does not form any aggressive substances, eg acids, upon combustion, such as pure wood fuels. A fuel group 2 then includes all other biogenic fuels, such as straw, cereals, oilseed rape, maize, Miskantus, cherry pits. The start of the burner, phase 1 of the burner operation, takes place with a starting fuel of the fuel group 1. For this purpose, the Fuel supply from a separate set fuel input made, the second fuel input for the main fuel of the fuel assembly 2 is initially not active. After reaching the burner operating temperature, the fuel supply to the fuel input for the fuel assembly 1 is deactivated and for the fuel supply to the fuel input for the main fuel, the fuel group 2, activated. The continuous operation of the burner - as far as it does not fall below its operating temperature - then continues on, where it can alternately burn alternative fuel materials within the fuel group 2 temporally or depending on other conditions clocked in alternative embodiment of the fuel input of this fuel group as multipath input alternative fuel within the fuel group 2, phase 2 of the burner operation. The completion of the firing process, phase 3 of the burner operation, when the burner is currently in the burning state of fuel group 2, is made by first deactivating the fuel supply of the fuel group 2 and activating the fuel supply of the fuel group 1 and then the combustion is set out of this fuel group, phase 3 of the burner operation.
Beim 2-Brennphasenverlauf wird aus der Phase 2, d.h. beim Verbrennung der Brennmaterialgruppe 2, der Brennbetrieb eingestellt.In the 2-phase firing process, phase 2, i. when burning the fuel group 2, the burning operation set.
Wie zur Brennphase 2 bereits teilweise angegeben, kann der Brennvorgang grundsätzlich alternierend mit Brennmaterialien innerhalb der Brennmaterial- gruppe 2 und/oder alternierend zwischen den Brennmaterialgruppen 1 und 2 ausgeführt werden.As already partially indicated for the firing phase 2, the firing process can basically be carried out alternately with fuel materials within the fuel assembly 2 and / or alternately between the fuel assemblies 1 and 2.
An nachfolgendem Ausführungsbeispiel soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden.In the following embodiment, the invention will be explained in more detail.
Die Figur 1 stellt einen schon beschriebenen Feststoff brenner dar, der Teil einer nicht näher dargestellten Heiz- oder Warmwasseranlage/Warmwasseraufbereitung ist.Figure 1 represents a solid burner already described, the part a heating or hot water system / hot water treatment not shown.
Am außenseitig angeordneten Rohrteil 3 sind die zwei Eingänge 7a und 7b für das Brennmaterial vorgesehen. Der Brennmaterialeingang 7b ist für die Zuführung von gröberen festen biogenen Brennmaterialien, wie Hackschnitzel, Getreideabfall und -ausputz in den Brennraum vorgesehen. Der Brennmaterialeingang 7a ist für kleinstückige bis fließförmige Feststoffe, Getreidekörner, Kirschkerne etc., vorgesehen. Diese Brennmaterialeingänge können sich auch etwas weiter entfernt vom Brennerraum befinden und dann durch ein „zentrales" Rohr in den Brennerraum eingebracht werden.On the outside of the tube part 3, the two inputs 7a and 7b are provided for the fuel. The fuel input 7b is provided for the supply of coarser solid biogenic fuels, such as wood chips, grain waste and -ausputz into the combustion chamber. The fuel inlet 7a is intended for small to flowable solids, cereal grains, cherry pits, etc. These fuel inputs can also be located a little further away from the burner chamber and then introduced through a "central" tube in the burner chamber.
Ausführungsbeispiel:Embodiment:
Mit einem beispielhaft für dieses Verfahren in der Fig. 1 dargestelltenWith an example of this method shown in FIG. 1
Feststoffbrenner, jeder andere Feststoffbrenner mit mindestens zwei Brennmaterialeingängen ist hierfür geeignet, soll biogenes Material zum Betrieb einer Heizanlage verbrannt werden.Solid fuel burner, any other solid fuel burner with at least two fuel inputs is suitable for this, should be burned biogenic material for operating a heating system.
Phase 1 des Brennerbetriebs beginnt sobald die Steuerungssoftware der Heizungsanlage eine Heizungs- und/oder Warmwasseranforderung an den Kessel stellt und sie wird eine Brennmaterialförderung aus dem Silo über den Brennmaterialeingang für die Brennmaterialgruppe 1 in den Brennraum aktivieren. Hierfür ist eine bestimmte, den genauen Vorort-Bedingungen entsprechende Zeitdauer gegeben, beispielsweise 30 sec. Gleichzeitig mit der Förderung von z.B. Holzpellets oder etwas zeitversetzt danach startet das Heißluftgebläse und führt Heißluft über den Anschluss 9, Heißluftfön, zu. Es hat eine Mindestleistung von beispielsweise 2000 Watt und erzeugt Heißluft von ca. 6000C. Die Laufzeit ist auf maximal sechs Minuten begrenzt. 30 sec. nach dem das Heißluftgebläse gestartet ist, startet der Abgasventilator, d.h. es wird ein Luftstrom bewirkt, welcher die Entzündung der Pellets unterstützt. Sobald ein Sauerstoffsensor einen Rückgang der Sauerstoffkonzentration auf unter ca. 15% feststellt, weil die Pellets brennen, wird der Heißluftfön abgeschaltet. Sobald die Sauerstoffkonzentration auf unter 12% gefallen ist, werden erneut 30 sec. lang Pellets nachgefördert. Danach wartet die Regelung 90 sec. und fördert anschließend wieder für 30 sec. Pellets. Dieser Vorgang wiederholt sich fünf Mal. Nach Abschluss dieser Vorgänge wird auf „intelligente" Steuerung/Regelung umgeschaltet, d.h. der Abgaslüfter sorgt kontinuierlich via Unterdruck und PID-geregelter Lüfterdrehzahl für einen Unterdruck am Abgasrohr von hier 40 bis 60 Pascal und dies je nach Einsatzzweck, weiteren gerätetechnischen Bedingungen und nachgeschaltetem Wärmetauscher, so dass auch höhere Unterdrücke notwendig sein können, beispielsweise 1000 - 2000 Pascal. Am Sauerstoffsensor ist eine bestimmte Sauerstoffkonzentration, z.B. 9,5% je nach Brennmateial etc., eingestellt. Anhand des Soll-Ist-Vergleichs errechnet die Steuerung das Verhältnis zwischen Schneckenlaufzeit bzw. -stillstand; Mittelwertbildung 60 sec. Der Brenner erreicht langsam seine maximale Leistung bei optimaler Verbrennung. So lange die Rücklaufanhebung, (Kesselwasser wird nicht in das Heizungsnetz abgegeben, da es noch zu kalt ist) geschlossen ist, werden nur Brennmaterialien der Gruppe 1 - Holzpellets - verbrannt. Sobald die Rücklaufanhebung öffnet oder die Abgastemperatur einen bestimmten festgelegten Wert, z.B. 1500C, erreicht hat, wird die Zufuhr weiterer Holzpellets gestoppt, Beenden des Brennprozesses, Phase 1 , und es wird der andere Brennmaterialeingang für die Brennmaterialgruppe 2 - Hauptbrennmaterial, z.B. Strohpellets - aktiviert, Beginn des Brennprozesses, Phase 2. Sobald die Brenneranforderung der Steuerung entfällt, wird der Brennprozesses, Phase 3 eingeleitet, d.h. der Brennmaterialeingang für die Brennmaterialgruppe 2 - Hauptbrennmaterial, z.B. Strohpellets - wird deaktiviert und der Brennmaterialeingang für die Brennmaterialgruppe 1 wird wieder aktiviert. Damit ist sichergestellt, dass bei weiterer Verbrennung „reiner" Holzpellets Reste des aggressive Stoffen erzeugenden Brennmaterials vollständig verbrannt sind und damit belastete Abgase aus dem Brenner und dem Abgaskanal ausgetragen sind. Unter bestimmten aktuellen Verbrennungsbedingungen kann auch aus der Phase 2, d.h. unter Weglassen der Phase 3, der Brennbetrieb eingestellt werden. Phase 1 of burner operation begins as soon as the control software of the heating system issues a heating and / or hot water request to the boiler and it will activate fuel delivery from the silo via the fuel input for the fuel group 1 into the combustion chamber. For this purpose, a certain, the exact suburb conditions appropriate duration is given, for example, 30 sec. Simultaneously with the promotion of eg wood pellets or a little later time after the hot air blower starts and leads hot air through the terminal 9, hot air blower to. It has a minimum power of, for example, 2000 watts and generates hot air of about 600 0 C. The duration is limited to a maximum of six minutes. 30 sec. After the hot air blower is started, the exhaust fan starts, ie it causes an air flow, which supports the ignition of the pellets. As soon as an oxygen sensor detects a drop in the oxygen concentration to below approx. 15% because the pellets are burning, the hot air blower is switched off. Once the oxygen concentration has dropped below 12%, pellets are fed again for 30 sec. Thereafter, the control waits 90 sec. And then promotes again for 30 sec. Pellets. This process is repeated five times. After completion of these operations is switched to "intelligent" control / regulation, ie the exhaust fan provides continuously via negative pressure and PID-controlled fan speed for a negative pressure at the exhaust pipe from 40 to 60 Pascal here, depending on the purpose, other equipment technical conditions and downstream heat exchanger, so that also higher negative pressures may be necessary, for example 1000 - 2000 Pascal At the oxygen sensor is a certain oxygen concentration, for example, 9.5% depending on the firing material, etc. set on the basis of the target-actual comparison, the controller calculates the ratio between screw running time or -still; averaging 60 sec. The burner slowly reaches its maximum performance with optimum combustion.As long as the return flow increase, (boiler water is not released into the heating network, since it is still too cold) is closed, only fuel of group 1 - Wood pellets - burned up as soon as the return lift opens or the exhaust gas temperature has reached a certain specified value, eg 150 0 C, the supply of further wood pellets is stopped, stopping the burning process, phase 1, and it is the other fuel input for the fuel group 2 - main fuel, eg straw pellets - activated, Beginning of the burning process, phase 2. Once the burner requirement of the control is eliminated, the burning process, phase 3 is initiated, ie the fuel input for the fuel group 2 - main fuel, eg straw pellets - is deactivated and the fuel input for the fuel group 1 is reactivated. This ensures that, on further combustion of "pure" wood pellets, residues of the fuel material producing aggressive substances are completely burned and thus contaminated exhaust gases are discharged from the burner and the exhaust gas channel Under certain current combustion conditions, phase 2 can also be omitted 3, the burning operation can be set.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Betriebsverfahren für einen Feststoffbrenner, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennerstart mit einem Startbrennmaterial - Brennmaterialgruppe 1 - , welches bei einer Temperatur unterhalb der für den Brenner geltenden Brennerbetriebstemperatur keine aggressiver Stoffe wie z.B. Säuren bildet, ausgeführt wird, dass dazu die Brennmaterialzuführung aus einem dafür festgelegten ersten Brennmaterialeingang (7a) vorgenommen wird, wobei der zweite Brennmaterialeingang (7b) für das Hauptbrennmaterial - Brennmaterialgruppe 2 - zunächst noch nicht aktiv ist, dass nach Erreichen der Brennerbetriebstemperatur die Brennmaterialzuführung an diesem ersten Brennmaterialeingang (7a) deaktiviert und dafür die Brennmaterialzuführung am zweiten Brenn- materialeingang (7b) für das Hauptbrennmaterial aktiviert wird, dass der Dauerbetrieb des Brenners - soweit er seine Betriebstemperatur nicht unterschreitet - fortfolgend läuft, wobei er bei dementsprechender Ausgestaltung des zweiten Brennmaterialeingangs (7b) als Mehrwegeingang alternative Brennmaterialien innerhalb der Brennmaterialgruppe 2 zeitlich oder von anderen Bedingungen abhängig getaktet zugeführt bekommen und in seinem Verlauf getaktet ausgeführt werden kann, dass das Beenden des Brennprozesses, wenn der Brenner sich gerade im Zustand des Verbrennens von Brennmaterial der Brennmaterial- gruppe 2 befindet, in Abhängigkeit von den aktuellenOperating method for a solid fuel burner, characterized in that the burner start with a starting fuel - fuel group 1 -, which at a temperature below the burner operating temperature applicable to the burner no aggressive substances such. Acids forms, it is carried out that for this purpose the fuel supply from a designated first fuel input (7 a) is made, the second fuel input (7 b) for the main fuel - fuel group 2 - is not yet active that after reaching the burner operating temperature, the fuel supply to Deactivates this fuel input (7a) and for this the fuel supply to the second fuel input (7b) is activated for the main fuel, that the continuous operation of the burner - as far as it does not fall below its operating temperature - continues to run, and he in corresponding configuration of the second fuel input ( 7b) as a multi-way input alternative fuel within the fuel group 2 timed or clocked depending on other conditions get supplied and clocked running in its course that the termination of the combustion process when the B The burner is currently in the state of burning fuel of the fuel group 2, depending on the current
Verbrennungsbedingungen entweder so vorgenommen wird, dass zunächst die Brennmaterialzuführung der Brennmaterialgruppe 2 deaktiviert und die Brennmaterialzuführung der Brennmaterialgruppe 1 aktiviert wird und danach die Verbrennung aus dieser Brennmaterialgruppe heraus eingestellt wird oder dass dieCombustion conditions are either made so that first the fuel supply of the fuel group 2 is deactivated and the fuel supply of the fuel assembly 1 is activated and then the combustion is set out of this group of fuel or that
Verbrennung aus dem Zustand des Verbrennens von Brennmaterial der Brennmaterialgruppe 2 eingestellt wird.Combustion from the state of burning of fuel the fuel group 2 is set.
2. Betriebsverfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Brennvorgang alternierend mit Brennmaterialien innerhalb der Brennmaterialgruppe 2 und/oder alternierend zwischen den Brennmaterialgruppen 1 und 2 ausgeführt wird. 2. Operating method according to claim 1, characterized in that the firing process is performed alternately with fuel within the fuel assembly 2 and / or alternately between the fuel assemblies 1 and 2.
PCT/DE2008/000583 2007-04-10 2008-04-07 Operating method for a solid fuel burner WO2008122278A2 (en)

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DE112008001533T DE112008001533A5 (en) 2007-04-10 2008-04-07 Operating method for a solid fuel burner
EP08734468A EP2142854A2 (en) 2007-04-10 2008-04-07 Operating method for a solid fuel burner
US12/598,859 US20100178622A1 (en) 2007-04-10 2008-04-07 Operating method for a solid fuel burner

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DE102007017102A DE102007017102A1 (en) 2007-04-10 2007-04-10 Operational method for solid fuel burner, initially burns fuel producing no aggressive substances, especially acids, in order to reach operational temperature
DE102007039273.9 2007-08-20
DE200710039273 DE102007039273A1 (en) 2007-04-10 2007-08-20 Solid fuel burner and method of its cooling

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DE102012105099B4 (en) * 2012-06-13 2014-02-06 Karlsruher Institut Für Technologie (Kit) Load-dependent device for burning solid biogenic fuels and method for their operation

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