WO2008116968A1 - Marquage lisible de manière capacitive à structure conductrice de nanotubes de carbone, son procédé de réalisation, et utilisation - Google Patents

Marquage lisible de manière capacitive à structure conductrice de nanotubes de carbone, son procédé de réalisation, et utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008116968A1
WO2008116968A1 PCT/FI2008/050122 FI2008050122W WO2008116968A1 WO 2008116968 A1 WO2008116968 A1 WO 2008116968A1 FI 2008050122 W FI2008050122 W FI 2008050122W WO 2008116968 A1 WO2008116968 A1 WO 2008116968A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
substrate
marking
nanotubes
carbon nanotubes
previous
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2008/050122
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English (en)
Inventor
Heikki SEPPÄ
Panu Helistö
Esko Kauppinen
Original Assignee
Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus filed Critical Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus
Publication of WO2008116968A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008116968A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • B82B1/00—Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82B—NANOSTRUCTURES FORMED BY MANIPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL ATOMS, MOLECULES, OR LIMITED COLLECTIONS OF ATOMS OR MOLECULES AS DISCRETE UNITS; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • B82B3/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K1/00—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion
    • G06K1/12—Methods or arrangements for marking the record carrier in digital fashion otherwise than by punching
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/0266—Marks, test patterns or identification means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
    • B42D2033/20—
    • B42D2035/34—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/0213—Electrical arrangements not otherwise provided for
    • H05K1/0237—High frequency adaptations
    • H05K1/0239—Signal transmission by AC coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/16—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor
    • H05K1/162—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor incorporating printed capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/02—Fillers; Particles; Fibers; Reinforcement materials
    • H05K2201/0203—Fillers and particles
    • H05K2201/0242—Shape of an individual particle
    • H05K2201/026—Nanotubes or nanowires

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to conductive structures formed on a substrate, especially capacitively readable electrically conductive markings according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention further relates to a novel method of manufacturing a conductor structure and a novel use.
  • Fan et al. Journal of Materials Science, Sept. 2005, discloses an electrically conductive ink containing multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). With the disclosed structure it is possible to produce a DC-conductive ink surface on, for example, paper.
  • MWCNT multi-wall carbon nanotubes
  • Kordas et al., Small 2006, 2, No 8-9, 1021 — 1025 discloses another ink containing multi-wall carbon nanotubes that is suitable for inkjet printing.
  • the produced DC-conductive surface is suitable for, e.g., printed electronics, EMC protection and sensors.
  • WO 2007/015710, WO 2004/052559, WO 03/099709, US 2007/0065977 and US 2006/078286 disclose conductive structures, such as a antennae for an RFID tag and printed circuits formed by means of nanotubes.
  • the aim of these publications is to produce lossless conductors with as good a DC conductivity as possible, but they are not suitable for the above-mentioned marking applications due to their weak capacitive readability.
  • the aim of the invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned problems and to produce a novel kind of conductor structure, especially a capacitively readable marking.
  • the aim of the invention is further to produce a novel method for manufacturing such a marking.
  • the invention is based on the observation that carbon nanotubes allow forming of a layer, invisible or at least weakly visible to the naked eye (transparency > 90 %), on a substrate, the layer, however, being sufficiently conductive for distinguishing the layer capacitively with high frequencies, especially when capacitively measuring the real part of the impedance.
  • the invention utilizes in a novel way the special property of carbon nanotubes of no strong interaction with light while being nearly ideal as a conductor.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to produce totally novel, essentially invisible conductor layers, conductors, markings and other conductor structures by means of carbon nanotubes.
  • a marking according to the invention comprises lossy conductor areas arranged on the substrate in an information-encoding geometry, the areas comprising carbon nanotubes. Such conductor areas can be capacitively recognized on the substrate by means of a high-frequency AC field for reading the information content of the marking.
  • the carbon nanotubes are on the substrate in a lossy conductor structure in which the nanotube structure is invisible to the naked eye, but it however produces a considerable AC conductivity on the surface.
  • an “invisible” or “weakly visible” structure we mean in this context primarily a structure that does not perceptibly attenuate visible light.
  • the intensity attenuation caused by the structure is preferably in the magnitude of less than 10 %, which have experienced to be well achievable in connection with a conductive structure enhanced by nanotubes.
  • the reflection effects caused by the structure should also be small or at least similar with the surface of the substrate, which can also be achieved with nanotubes.
  • the conductor material composition is totally transparent to visible light or at least translucent, whereby the substrate is visible under the conductor material pattern.
  • the invention also comprises coloured conductor structures that are, however, essentially the same in colour as the surface of the substrate, whereby the attenuation of the conductor pattern must be kept small at precisely the reflection wavelengths of the surface.
  • the carbon nanotubes act in the structure as a component improving electrical conductivity (or producing it) but as essentially optically non-interacting component.
  • At least a main portion of the carbon nanotubes are single-walled due to their low interaction with light and good electrical conductivity.
  • the nanotubes are distributed in an optically clear medium, i.e. a medium with a low light attenuation (and preferably also having a low reflectivity) so that a sufficient amount of tunnel contacts are formed between the tubes via the medium or the material of the tubes is polarized and thereby it causes electrical conductivity for alternating voltage.
  • an optically clear medium i.e. a medium with a low light attenuation (and preferably also having a low reflectivity) so that a sufficient amount of tunnel contacts are formed between the tubes via the medium or the material of the tubes is polarized and thereby it causes electrical conductivity for alternating voltage.
  • carbon nanotubes improve the conductivity of the medium at at least high frequencies without essentially chancing the optical properties of the mixture.
  • carbon nanotubes are distributed on the substrate for forming a conductor structure that is electrically conductive and essentially invisible to the naked eye, most preferably for forming a marking that can be capacitively recognized.
  • the marking according to the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterizing part of claim 20.
  • the use according to the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterizing part of claim 26.
  • the conductor structure according to the invention is characterized by what is disclosed in the characterizing part of claim 30.
  • single-wall nanotubes being optically invisible when in a structure of a suitable density
  • single tubes are also electromagnetically invisible, i.e. they are not easily connected to an electromagnetic field. They can not dissipate considerable amounts of power. Thus they are in all ways very suitable for invisible coding of information.
  • Manufacturing single-wall tubes is also less expensive than manufacturing multi-wall tubes.
  • the invention can be applied to packages, labels, receipts, tickets, periodicals and newspapers. It can be used for improving product safety, adding, for example, an origin marking to a product, manufacturing printed sensors, activating electronic services, enhancing the brand of a company or a product and so on.
  • the amount of carbon nanotubes in the structure is relatively low, i.e. sufficiently low to make the structure essentially DC-resistive, but still essentially AC-conductive.
  • the amount of direct contacts between the tubes is low, but the density of the tubes is sufficient for forming a sufficient amount of tunnel connections that are conductive at higher frequencies.
  • the amount and orientation of direct contacts of the tubes can also be used for effecting both DC and AC resistivity.
  • the AC conductivity required from the structure is, however, most preferably limited, i.e. the structure is lossy.
  • the square resistance of the conductor structure on operation frequency e.g. 10 MHz-2.4 GHz
  • the square resistance is regulated by the concentration of the nanotubes and the mutual order, i.e. the amount of and contacts between nanotubes.
  • the proportion of single-wall tubes of the carbon nanotubes is typically at least 75 %, preferably at least 90 %.
  • the structure according to the invention forms on the substrate an AC conductive marking that can be capacitively read from the substrate.
  • a marking we mean conductive and non-conductive (or less conductive) areas positioned on the substrate, their shape and relative location on the substrate being designed to encode information.
  • Such an invisible code can be read from the substrate by, for example, capacitively reading the real part of the impedance of the conductor areas.
  • the code can be a binary bit code or it can be realized in some other way, depending on the geometry of the areas and the amount of the conductor levels of the conductor areas.
  • an invisible structure and marking we mean a conductor pattern that is invisible or nearly indistinguishable to the naked eye in the wavelengths of visible light.
  • FIG. 1a and Ib show the principle picture of a conductive marking according to one preferred embodiment in cross-section and seen from above
  • figures 2a and 2b show the principle picture of a conductive marking according to a second preferred embodiment in cross-section and seen from above
  • figures 3 a and 3b show the principle picture of a conductive marking according to a third preferred embodiment in cross-section and seen from above
  • figures 4a and 4b show the principle picture of a conductive marking according to a fourth preferred embodiment in cross-section and seen from above
  • a carbon nanotube is a one-crystal tube-like structure that can be single-walled or multi- walled. Irrespective of the amount of walls they are conductive in either conductive or semi- conductive sense. Single-wall nanotubes conduct electricity extremely well, but due to the space structure of electrons their kinetic resistance is high and thus the speed of light is very low. This means that for example the resonance frequency of a 300 nm tube is considerably lower than the speed of light. Because of this even a relatively large amount of separate nanotubes having a length between, e.g. 100 nm and 1 um, forms a transparent surface. Multi- wall tubes are also difficult to distinguish when on a surface in a low concentration.
  • the present structure can be achieved by bonding the nanotubes directly to the substrate or via a medium.
  • the medium can be, for example, a non-conductive or conductive polymer or ink, depending on the desired properties of the surface, hi order to achieve an invisible end result, the medium used is, naturally, transparent or the same colour as the surface of the substrate when dry.
  • the present invention can be made invisible regardless of whether the produced structure is only AC conductive or both AC and DC conductive.
  • the marking carried out by means of a conductive structure can be capacitively read from the substrate.
  • capacitively read from the substrate By this we mean either the measurement of the capacitance of the conductor areas of the marking or, more preferably, capacitive measuring of the loss (real part of the impedance) caused by the conductor areas.
  • the square resistance of the conductor structure in the range from 10 kOhm to 1 Mohm depending on the used read electrode structure.
  • the method does not require a very good electrical conductivity, which makes it possible to produce an invisible conductor much easier.
  • the advantages of the carbon nanotube structure according to the invention are emphasized in this particular application.
  • the measurement can be made with a large frequency (most preferably 10 MHz - 2.4 GHZ), whereby there is no need for DC conductivity.
  • a large frequency most preferably 10 MHz - 2.4 GHZ
  • the high-frequency measurement of the real part of the impedance of the surface is in this context a remarkable application, as the increase of capacitance between two points is not a sufficient condition in all situation for recognizing the encoding. This is due to the fact that as the reading is capacitive, the variation of capacitance is naturally so large that encoding can not necessarily be distinguished.
  • the conductor structure according to the invention is most preferably carried out as one of four main embodiments or as a combination of these.
  • Figures 1-4 represent these embodiments and they are described in more detail hereinaafter.
  • the substrate is marked with reference numbers 10, 20, 30 and 40, correspondingly, and it can, depending on the embodiment, comprise one or more layers (basic layer 11, 21, 31 and 41 + a possible coating layer or a number of coating layers).
  • the substrate consists of a basic layer 10 and a coating 11 applied thereon, whereby at least the coating 11 is isolating.
  • the nanotubes 16 are in contact with each other so that there is a tunnel connection between them.
  • the orientation of the tubes 16 is either symmetrical (arbitrary order) or they have been partially oriented for improving electrical conductivity.
  • the essential point about the structure is that in order to achieve conductivity the amount of tubes 16 on the surface is sufficient and that there are sufficiently tunnel contacts between them. Otherwise the conductivity is not sufficient.
  • the electrical conductivity of the surface is achieved only by means of nanotubes 16 and the measured real part of the impedance is determined on the basis of the mutual contacts of the nanotubes 16.
  • Figure Ib shows a code consisting of a narrow (such as 50-150 um) rectangular strip 14 and a wide (such as 100-200 um) rectangular strip.
  • the marking can also be applied so that Hie nanotubes 16 are first brought to a larger area, e.g. the total area of the paper. Liquid can then later be added to some areas 14, 15 and the tunnel contacts on these areas 14, 15 can be increased by evaporating the liquid or its chemical reactions.
  • Especially contacts realized by means of electrical field are preferred because this allows manufacture of an easily writable and reliably readable invisible marking.
  • Writing realized by means of evaporation, chemical reaction or an electric field can also be applied to the embodiments shown in figures 2-4.
  • Figures 2a and 2b illustrate a code layer 23 laid on substrate 20, the substrate being conductive, dielectrically conductive or having a considerable amount of polarization losses.
  • the nanotubes 26 only orientate the electric field and no actual conductivity-causing tunnel resistance between the tubes 26 is not necessary.
  • the tubes 26 can be oriented parallel (especially if the surface is polar and only contains polar losses) with the electric reading field (i.e. usually also parallel with the longitudinal axis rectangular area 24 or 25 of the code or other axis perpendicular to the reading direction).
  • the structure leads to a recognizable real part in a serial impedance model with only large (such as over 10 MHz) frequencies. If the surface of the substrate 20 is conductive with a DC field as well, the whole structure is also typically conductive, because the electrons can tunnel between the nanotubes 26 and the substrate structure 20.
  • Figures 3a and 3b illustrate a structure in which the surface of the substrate 32 comprises a layer of electrically lossy (conductive or dielectrically lossy) material that is necessary in case the basic layer 32 does not other wise cause losses.
  • the layer is thin and it is applied on the whole coded area 37, i.e. also on places where nanotubes 36 are not applied to.
  • the advantage of a separate substrate material layer 32 is that it can be optimized either to be invisible or it can be white, whereby it is not distinguishable from e.g. white paper.
  • the material can also be partially conductive (e.g. thin conductive polymer layer) or a dielectrically lossy material (e.g. pyroelectric or ferroelectric material). It can also be a mixture of conductive and polar material.
  • a coding like this makes it possible to separately optimize the nanotube material 33 applied on the area of the bottom material and the encoding, whereby the encoding can be made, in addition to being invisible, also specially easy to read.
  • the amount of material can be minimized, as conductivity does not require a galvanic contact between the nanotubes 36.
  • the tubes 36 can be oriented strongly parallel for increasing the polarization effect.
  • Figures 4a and 4b show an encoding in which a polar or badly electrically conductive material (such as a conductive polymer) is mixed together with nanotubes 46 into a solvent for forming a nanotube-containing mixture.
  • the mixture is applied as a layer 48 on a substrate 40 and allowed to dry.
  • This embodiment allows producing an AC-conductive ink in which the amount of nanotubes is very small.
  • the conductive polymer or the like conductor can be used in very small amounts for producing a sufficient conductivity, whereby the ink is preferred in this respect as well.
  • the principle is to improve the properties of an invisible, badly conductive ink with a small amount of nanotubes 46.
  • the ink also includes another conductive material, such as a polymer, it is possible to separate the nanoparticles from each other with these polymers.
  • Packages for example, are often provided with a coating consisting of metal particles for increasing decorativity. These layers are not typically electrically conductive at low frequencies, as there is not a good electric contact between the metal particles. If a nanotube structure is applied below or on top of such layers, the AC conductivity will increase significantly. Especially, if the tubes are under a layer, a very inconspicuous marking can be produced.
  • AC conductivity is important, especially at frequencies over 10 MHz.
  • the construction can also be DC-conductive, even though this is not a requirement. If the surface is DC-conductive as well, it could possibly be used in an electric paper on in paper displays. An AC/DC conductive surface can also be used for removing electrical interferences or electrostatic charges.
  • the structures according to the invention can be produced by means of ink containing a liquid medium, such as ink or polymer, and nanotubes dispersed therein.
  • the main portion of the dispersed nanotubes consists most preferably of single- wall nanotubes, as has been disclosed in the above.
  • the above-mentioned embodiments and the embodiments defined in the appended claims can be varied within the inventive idea described herein for producing in addition to information- encoding markings many other kinds of invisible conductor structures and products comprising such structures and for using them in various applications, such as marking applications, electronics applications and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un marquage pouvant être lu de façon capacitive par un champ en courant alternatif, sur un procédé pour former un tel marquage et sur une nouvelle utilisation de nanotubes de carbone. Le marquage comprend des zones conductrices à perte électrique (14, 15) disposées sur un substrat (10) dans une géométrie de codage d'informations, les zones conductrices contenant des nanotubes de carbone. L'invention permet de produire des marquages imperceptibles de manière innovante au moyen de nanotubes de carbone.
PCT/FI2008/050122 2007-03-23 2008-03-18 Marquage lisible de manière capacitive à structure conductrice de nanotubes de carbone, son procédé de réalisation, et utilisation WO2008116968A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20075190A FI20075190L (fi) 2007-03-23 2007-03-23 Johderakenne, menetelmä tällaisen valmistamiseksi, merkintä ja käyttö
FI20075190 2007-03-23

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WO2008116968A1 true WO2008116968A1 (fr) 2008-10-02

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011161482A1 (fr) * 2010-06-25 2011-12-29 Andrew Richard Parker Structures à effets optiques

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004052559A2 (fr) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-24 Eikos, Inc. Conducteurs electriques nanostructures optiquement transparents
WO2006078286A2 (fr) * 2004-05-07 2006-07-27 Eikos, Inc. Formation de motif dans des revetements de nanotubes en carbone par modification chimique selective
WO2007015710A2 (fr) * 2004-11-09 2007-02-08 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Fabrication et applications de rubans, feuilles et fils retors ou non de nanofibres
US20070065977A1 (en) * 2005-09-21 2007-03-22 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Low temperature methods for forming patterned electrically conductive thin films and patterned articles therefrom

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004052559A2 (fr) * 2002-12-06 2004-06-24 Eikos, Inc. Conducteurs electriques nanostructures optiquement transparents
WO2006078286A2 (fr) * 2004-05-07 2006-07-27 Eikos, Inc. Formation de motif dans des revetements de nanotubes en carbone par modification chimique selective
WO2007015710A2 (fr) * 2004-11-09 2007-02-08 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Fabrication et applications de rubans, feuilles et fils retors ou non de nanofibres
US20070065977A1 (en) * 2005-09-21 2007-03-22 University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. Low temperature methods for forming patterned electrically conductive thin films and patterned articles therefrom

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011161482A1 (fr) * 2010-06-25 2011-12-29 Andrew Richard Parker Structures à effets optiques
US11428854B2 (en) 2010-06-25 2022-08-30 Andrew Richard Parker Optical effect structures

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FI20075190L (fi) 2008-09-24

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