WO2008116627A1 - Dispositif pour produire des objets - Google Patents

Dispositif pour produire des objets Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008116627A1
WO2008116627A1 PCT/EP2008/002352 EP2008002352W WO2008116627A1 WO 2008116627 A1 WO2008116627 A1 WO 2008116627A1 EP 2008002352 W EP2008002352 W EP 2008002352W WO 2008116627 A1 WO2008116627 A1 WO 2008116627A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cylinder
material powder
construction
layer
carrier
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2008/002352
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Matthias Fockele
Original Assignee
Matthias Fockele
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matthias Fockele filed Critical Matthias Fockele
Publication of WO2008116627A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008116627A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/22—Driving means
    • B22F12/222—Driving means for motion along a direction orthogonal to the plane of a layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/37—Process control of powder bed aspects, e.g. density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/46—Radiation means with translatory movement
    • B22F12/48—Radiation means with translatory movement in height, e.g. perpendicular to the deposition plane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/70—Recycling
    • B22F10/73—Recycling of powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for producing objects by layering of powdered, in particular metallic and / or ceramic material, wherein it comprises a support assembly with a support and a surrounding the support cylinder, which together form a space for the layer structure, and wherein they further comprise an irradiation device for irradiating the respective last-on the carrier assembly prepared material powder layer in a layer associated cross-sectional area of the subject or optionally the objects in question with radiation, in particular laser radiation, the material powder in this cross-sectional area by heating for fusing or possibly for sintering brings, wherein the irradiation device has a controllable target device for the radiation for the location-selective irradiation of the construction field.
  • the invention relates in particular to the field of selective laser melting and is based on a technology as described, for example, in WO 2006/024373 A2 or DE 10 2005 014 483 A1, the invention also being applicable to the field of laser sintering ,
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device of the type mentioned, which allows the production of larger items or possibly a larger number of items.
  • the invention proposes that the structural cylinder is vertically movable with respect to the carrier in order to be able to form an installation space of greater height with increasing number of layers.
  • the vertically adjustable construction cylinder has a substantially constant weight
  • the vertically acting forces to be taken into account in the case of a vertical movement also remain substantially the same regardless of the layer thickness.
  • slightly increased frictional forces are to be overcome with increasing layer thickness, which act between the inside of the construction cylinder and the material powder.
  • the support which must support the entire weight of the material powder, can thus be firmly supported, at least during the manufacture of an article, on a base frame of the device which is standing on the ground. Since the carrier can usually be heated, this has the further advantage that supply lines, in particular for the integrated heating, for temperature sensors and the like need not be moved.
  • the irradiation device in particular synchronously with the structural cylinder vertically movable, so that the distance between the irradiation device, in particular the target device, and a respectively to be irradiated material powder layer remains substantially similar. If the distance between the irradiation unit and the material powder layer to be irradiated is variably adjustable, the size of the point of the beam impinging on the material powder layer can thus also be influenced by a slight change in the focal position.
  • the structural cylinder and the irradiation device are interconnected by a frame construction, so that a fixed vertical distance is maintained between them, which is maintained by changing the vertical height of the construction cylinder by the simultaneous vertical displacement of the irradiation device becomes.
  • the device comprises at least one lifting device.
  • the building cylinder and the irradiation device are each adjustable in their vertical height via separate lifting devices, so that possibly also a different distance between the irradiation device and the construction cylinder is adjustable.
  • the lifting device which is preferably controlled via a control device, so that the construction cylinder is adjustable in height according to the desired thickness of a respective material powder layer to be applied, is preferably designed as a hydraulic or mechanical actuator.
  • Such an actuator should be gradually adjustable according to the desired thickness of a respective material powder layer to be applied, in particular by a few micrometers per layer, which requires precise control.
  • Precision of the control is advantageously supported by the fact that with the Stellanatrieb only the building cylinder and possibly the irradiation device must be adjusted vertically or must, whose or their weight is constant, so that the design of the actuator can be selected accordingly.
  • the device has a device for preparing a respective material powder layer on the last-irradiated material powder layer, this layer preparation device having a smoothing slide movable away from the last irradiated layer at a distance of the desired powder layer thickness for leveling a respective amount of material powder over the last irradiated layer.
  • Layer preparation device in particular synchronously with the building cylinder is vertically movable, in particular, it is thought that the layer preparation device is disposed in a vertically upper edge region of the building cylinder and its smoothing slide is movable relative to the building cylinder in the horizontal direction.
  • the smoothing slide is movable in the horizontal direction over the edge of the building cylinder in order to remove excess material powder from the installation space into a collecting container.
  • the pushed over the edge of the building cylinder away powder material preferably falls in adjacent to the building cylinder along extending shafts that open into the collection.
  • the smoothing slide is movable within the building cylinder, which of course makes appropriate redesigns on the structural cylinder necessary to be able to supply excess material powder to the collecting container can. So that the space of material powder can be cleaned, it is proposed that the device a
  • Material powder removal device with, in particular after completion of the article, excess material powder is one or the collecting container can be fed.
  • a subsequent at the bottom of the cylinder hopper can be provided, which makes it possible to raise the building cylinder after completion of the object so that between the lower edge of the building cylinder and the support, a gap is formed, the transition between the space and the Funnel forms, so that excess material powder falls by gravity from the space in the subsequent funnel below.
  • a vacuum pump or the like may be provided, which removes material powder from the space by supplying a negative pressure and supplies the collecting container.
  • a compressor device is conceivable for blowing out the material powder from the installation space.
  • the support is rotatable and / or pivotable and / or vibratory mounted.
  • Such storage makes it possible, for example, after removal of the finished article, to pivot the carrier about a horizontally extending central axis, so that excess material powder trickles along the inclined surface of the carrier in the direction of the collecting container.
  • a similar effect can be achieved by a vibration of the carrier, in which, if necessary, adhering to the support surface powder residues of this dissolve and can be removed in the sump.
  • the device has a housing which limits a process chamber containing the structural cylinder for the layered production of one or more objects, and a device for Production and maintenance of a protective gas atmosphere, in particular argon protective gas atmosphere, in the process space.
  • a protective gas atmosphere in particular argon protective gas atmosphere
  • the construction cylinder In order to remove a finished object from the installation space, on the one hand, the removal of the excess material powder, the construction cylinder can be moved vertically downwards, so that access to the finished, lying on the support workpiece is possible.
  • a closable opening is also advantageous in order, after a coarse removal of the main part of material powder by the removal device, to be able to carry out manual cleaning of the workpiece and / or installation space with brushes, brushes or the like.
  • the housing of the device should be designed such that manual work in the space or process space can be performed under a protective gas atmosphere, possibly using a lock chamber or the like., As is known from WO 2006/024373.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view obliquely from above of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention with retracted building cylinder at the beginning of the manufacture of an article.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the apparatus of FIG. 1 with the boom extended.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic partial sectional view of the apparatus of FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic partial sectional view along the line IV-IV of FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 5 is a similar to Fig. 4, a schematic partial sectional view, wherein in addition a Hubvoriquessan extract for the building cylinder is shown.
  • Fig. 6 is a similar to Fig. 4, a schematic partial sectional view of a second embodiment.
  • a device 10 for the production of articles by layering of powdered material has a base frame 12, a collecting container 14, a base plate 16, a construction cylinder 18, and an irradiation device 20, which are surrounded by an outer housing, not shown.
  • the building cylinder 18 and the irradiation device 20 are two carriers 22, which a Spacer frames form interconnected. Further, the base frame 12 and the base plate are connected to each other via a structure 13 indicated only in Fig. 4.
  • the structural cylinder 18, the carrier 22 and the irradiation device 20 are vertically upwardly displaced relative to the base plate 16, which corresponds for example to a state after completion of the article to be manufactured.
  • the finished object and the remaining unmelted material powder are in the construction space 24, which is formed by the walls 26 of the construction cylinder 18 and a support 28 (FIG. 3), the finished object resting on the support 28.
  • the construction cylinder 18 is at a lowermost position (FIG. 3) at the beginning of production of an article, its vertical walls 26 extending into the region of the collecting container 14 , Two of the walls 26 of the construction cylinder 18 have an opening 30 extending along these walls, through which excess material powder can be removed from the installation space 24 and supplied to the lower-lying collection container 14 when a new material powder layer is prepared by means of a sliding slide 23.
  • the irradiation device 20 has four f-theta lenses 32 in the present embodiment. This allows, in particular, the quasi-simultaneous processing of four construction areas, for example for the production of four objects or for the treatment of a multiple construction claims claiming object. With regard to the further technical features of the irradiation device 20, reference is made to the above-mentioned publications.
  • a lifting device 34 shown schematically in Fig. 5 by the amount of thickness of a first layer of material powder moved by a few microns vertically upwards.
  • the lifting device 34 is shown schematically as a spindle drive, which can be rotated by a motor 36 fixed to the base frame 12 in rotation.
  • the spindle rods 35 act on horizontal projections 37 of the construction cylinder 18 so that they can lift and lower this vertically.
  • four drives are provided, which are controlled synchronously by a control unit, not shown, of the device.
  • the spindle rods 34 can be extended, the base plate 16 has two, relative to the image plane of Fig. 3-5 left and right of the building cylinder arranged longitudinal slots 38 through which the spindle rods 35 are passed.
  • a first material powder layer by the smoothing slide 23 which can also be a combined powder dispenser / smoothing slide, for example, a first fusion of powder takes place by means of the irradiation device 20.
  • the construction cylinder 18 is again moved vertically upward by the thickness of a next material powder layer to be applied, so that with the powder dispenser / smoothing slide 23, a further material powder layer can be prepared.
  • the smoothing slide 23 is thereby moved horizontally along the upper edge of the construction cylinder 18, wherein it is movable beyond its inner walls 26, so that excess material powder can be removed into the shafts 30 by the smoothing slide.
  • a removal device shown in Fig. 4 which has a sleeve or a funnel 40, which can be pushed vertically over this in the lower region of the building cylinder 18.
  • the hopper 40 is supported by means of springs 41 on the base plate so that it automatically moves up when the boom up when the projections 37 do not press him down, as in the starting position of FIG. 3 is the case.
  • the funnel walls 42 and the outer sides of the construction cylinder walls 26 thus overlap in a certain vertical range, so that it is possible to move the construction cylinder so far relative to the hopper 40 vertically upward until between the Bauzylinderquaintn 26 and the carrier 28, a gap 44th is formed, trickle through the material powder into the hopper 40 and then the collecting container 14 or can be sucked by means of a corresponding vacuum device.
  • outer walls 27 of the construction cylinder 18 are extended downwardly, so that they allow a sealing of the installation space to the outside, even if the inner walls 26 are raised so far, the gap 44 is formed between them and the carrier 28.
  • the excess material powder 31 can thus be guided through the gap 44 and along the extended outer walls 27 down into the collecting container 14.
  • the outer walls 27 can be extended on all four sides of the construction cylinder 18 be formed, so that there is a double-walled construction cylinder 18 on all sides.
  • Such a construction allows the material powder on all four sides of the carrier 28 by the circumferential gap 44 can fall away downwards.
  • the reference to the plane to the shafts 30 front and rear extending inner walls 26 would then also have to be extended downwards, so that they still rest on the carrier 28 when the gap 44 is opened with respect to the plane of the left and right.
  • the support 28, on which the total weight of the material powder located in the installation space is loaded, is supported on the base frame 12 via a corresponding construction, for example by supports 13 or the like, so that it is stationary at least during production of the object.
  • the support 28 is to some extent movable, in particular rotatable, pivotable or vibratory, to assist in the removal of residual material powder.
  • the construction cylinder 18 may possibly have in one of its walls 26, which preferably has no shaft 30, a closable opening through which access to the installation space 24 is possible with the construction cylinder 18 extended. However, such an opening can also be provided in a double-walled construction cylinder design. Through the opening, after completion of the construction process z. B. the finished object are removed.
  • the collecting container has at its lower end to a screw conveyor 43 which supplies the collected material powder to a transport container or possibly a recycling device.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif servant à produire des objets (29) par formation de couches de matériau pulvérulent, notamment métallique et/ou céramique. Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend un ensemble support constitué d'un support (28) et d'un cylindre de construction (18) entourant le support (28) qui forment ensemble l'espace de construction (24) pour la structure en couches, ainsi qu'un dispositif d'irradiation (20) servant à exposer à un rayonnement, notamment à un rayonnement laser, une zone de section transversale de l'objet (29) ou des objets concernés associée à la couche de poudre de matériau préparée respectivement en dernier sur l'ensemble support, ce rayonnement amenant la poudre de matériau dans cette zone de section transversale à fondre ou éventuellement à fritter par chauffage et le dispositif d'irradiation présentant un dispositif de visée réglable pour le rayonnement afin de permettre l'irradiation sélective d'emplacements du champ de construction. Selon l'invention, le cylindre de construction (18) est déplaçable verticalement par rapport au support (28) de sorte qu'un espace de construction plus grand (24) peut être formé au fur et à mesure que le nombre de couches augmente.
PCT/EP2008/002352 2007-03-28 2008-03-25 Dispositif pour produire des objets WO2008116627A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007014968A DE102007014968A1 (de) 2007-03-28 2007-03-28 Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Gegenständen
DE102007014968.0 2007-03-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008116627A1 true WO2008116627A1 (fr) 2008-10-02

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Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102007014968A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008116627A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010029078A1 (de) 2010-05-18 2011-11-24 Matthias Fockele Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gegenstandes durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus pulverförmigem Werkstoff
US10357827B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2019-07-23 General Electric Comany Apparatus and methods for production additive manufacturing
US20200198235A1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2020-06-25 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Lifting system for device and a method for generatively manufacturing a three-dimensional object
US20210162668A1 (en) * 2018-07-03 2021-06-03 Freemelt Ab Powder compartment with self-sealing design
US11123924B2 (en) 2017-02-21 2021-09-21 Renishaw Plc Powder bed fusion apparatus and methods

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FR2994113B1 (fr) * 2012-07-31 2017-10-06 Michelin & Cie Machine et procede pour la fabrication additive a base de poudre
US9149870B2 (en) * 2012-09-14 2015-10-06 Aerojet Rocketdyne Of De, Inc. Additive manufacturing chamber with reduced load
DE102013223407A1 (de) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum schichtweisen Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Objekts sowie zum Auspacken des fertiggestellten Objekts
EP3368227B1 (fr) 2015-10-30 2021-12-08 Seurat Technologies, Inc. Système et procédé de fabrication additive
CN106623929A (zh) * 2016-12-21 2017-05-10 西北工业大学（张家港）智能装备技术产业化研究院有限公司 激光烧结成型装置
DE102017108080A1 (de) * 2017-04-13 2018-10-18 Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entpacken eines durch schichtweises Auftragen hergestellten Objekts
DE102017208496A1 (de) * 2017-05-19 2018-11-22 SLM Solutions Group AG Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen von dreidimensionalen Werkstücken
DE102017124424A1 (de) * 2017-10-19 2019-04-25 Trumpf Laser- Und Systemtechnik Gmbh Hubeinrichtung für einen Bauzylinder in einer Maschine, Maschine zur Herstellung von dreidimensionalen Bauteilen mit einer Hubeinrichtung sowie Verfahren zur Ansteuerung der Hubeinrichtung
WO2019096421A1 (fr) * 2017-11-20 2019-05-23 SLM Solutions Group AG Appareil et procédé de production d'une pièce à travailler tridimensionnelle
US11224940B2 (en) * 2018-02-05 2022-01-18 General Electric Company Powder bed containment systems for use with rotating direct metal laser melting systems
FR3078277B1 (fr) * 2018-02-26 2020-10-02 Addup Dispositif de fabrication additive
DE102019132253A1 (de) 2019-11-28 2021-06-02 AMCM GmbH Herstellvorrichtung zur additiven Fertigung dreidimensionaler Bauteile
DE102020005800A1 (de) 2020-09-19 2022-03-24 Hochschule Mittweida (Fh) Einrichtung zur Herstellung wenigstens eines Metallkörpers mittels 3D-Druck

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WO2006024373A2 (fr) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-09 Hek Gmbh Dispositif pour realiser des corps moules
DE102005014483A1 (de) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-05 Fockele, Matthias, Dr. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Gegenständen durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus pulverförmigem Werkstoff

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006024373A2 (fr) * 2004-08-27 2006-03-09 Hek Gmbh Dispositif pour realiser des corps moules
DE102005014483A1 (de) * 2005-03-30 2006-10-05 Fockele, Matthias, Dr. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Gegenständen durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus pulverförmigem Werkstoff

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010029078A1 (de) 2010-05-18 2011-11-24 Matthias Fockele Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gegenstandes durch schichtweises Aufbauen aus pulverförmigem Werkstoff
US10357827B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2019-07-23 General Electric Comany Apparatus and methods for production additive manufacturing
US11292063B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2022-04-05 General Electric Company Apparatus and methods for production additive manufacturing
US11123924B2 (en) 2017-02-21 2021-09-21 Renishaw Plc Powder bed fusion apparatus and methods
US11691342B2 (en) 2017-02-21 2023-07-04 Renishaw Plc Powder bed fusion apparatus and methods
US20200198235A1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2020-06-25 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Lifting system for device and a method for generatively manufacturing a three-dimensional object
US11787107B2 (en) * 2017-07-28 2023-10-17 Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems Lifting system for device and a method for generatively manufacturing a three-dimensional object
US20210162668A1 (en) * 2018-07-03 2021-06-03 Freemelt Ab Powder compartment with self-sealing design

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