WO2008115073A1 - Système et procédé pour réduire les émissions de nox de moteurs diesel - Google Patents

Système et procédé pour réduire les émissions de nox de moteurs diesel Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008115073A1
WO2008115073A1 PCT/NO2008/000108 NO2008000108W WO2008115073A1 WO 2008115073 A1 WO2008115073 A1 WO 2008115073A1 NO 2008000108 W NO2008000108 W NO 2008000108W WO 2008115073 A1 WO2008115073 A1 WO 2008115073A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow
air
atmospheric
nitrogen enriched
oxygen
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2008/000108
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Øyvin MELHUS
Original Assignee
Ecoxy As
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ecoxy As filed Critical Ecoxy As
Publication of WO2008115073A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008115073A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
    • C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
    • C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
    • C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
    • C01B13/0251—Physical processing only by making use of membranes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/04—Engines with exhaust drive and other drive of pumps, e.g. with exhaust-driven pump and mechanically-driven second pump
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
    • F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/04—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
    • B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
    • C01B2210/0043—Impurity removed
    • C01B2210/0046—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof
    • F02B29/04—Cooling of air intake supply
    • F02B29/0406—Layout of the intake air cooling or coolant circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

Definitions

  • the present invention seeks to reduce the temperature within the combustion chamber by providing a separate compressor/air separation system such that nitrogen enriched air is mixed with the charge air before the charge air is injected into the combustion chamber. By reducing the charge air oxygen content, a reduction in the combustion temperature is achieved.
  • Nemser proposes separating the charge air flow into an oxygen enriched flow and a nitrogen enriched flow by means of an air separation system comprising a membrane.
  • the oxygen enriched flow may be provided to the engine when the engine is started, and the nitrogen enriched flow may be provided to the engine when steady state operation of the engine is reached.
  • all of the charge air must pass through the air separation unit.
  • US6173567, US5649517 and WO00/31386 disclose systems for providing nitrogen enriched or oxygen enriched air flows to a diesel engine.
  • the charge air flow in its entirety is separated into two flows after having been compressed by the engine's turbocharger. This may adversely affect the engine performance.
  • US6453893 discloses a system similar to US5649517 and US6173567 wherein the entire charge air passes over an air separation unit.
  • EP1176291 presents a nitrogen oxide reducing system of a diesel engine which can reduce nitrogen oxide contained in an exhaust gas of the diesel engine. Use is made of a nitrogen gas generating device for increasing concentration of nitrogen in the air to be introduced to the engine.
  • JP63124839 shows a device arranged for the reduction of emissions of harmful components from an engine. This is accomplished by mounting a film type nitrogen enriching device into an intake system and supplying intake air, generated by boosting the atmospheric air.
  • WO00/31386 shows a device and method for the reduction of exhaust gas from an engine. The device shown is a membrane separating nitrogen and oxygen in the intake air.
  • the present invention seeks to overcome at least some of the shortcomings of the background art and comprises a system for reducing NO x -emissions from a diesel engine, said diesel engine being provided with a charge air and a diesel flow for combustion in a combustion chamber.
  • the diesel engine comprises a turbocharger connected to a first compressor arranged for providing compressed air to said combustion chamber.
  • An atmospheric air flow is arranged for being compressed by a second compressor separate from said diesel engine.
  • An air separation unit is arranged for separating said atmospheric air flow into a nitrogen enriched flow and an oxygen enriched flow, wherein said nitrogen comprising flow is arranged for being mixed with said charge air flow, such that the oxygen percentage of said charge air is reduced, and thus reducing the NO x -emissions from said diesel engine.
  • the method further comprises a method for reducing NO x -emissions from a diesel engine, wherein said diesel engine is furnished with a flow of charge air and a diesel flow, wherein said diesel flow is arranged for being combusted in a combustion chamber, wherein a first compressor compresses said charge air prior to said charge air being injected into said combustion chamber, wherein an air separation unit separates an atmospheric air flow into a nitrogen enriched flow and an oxygen enriched flow, wherein said nitrogen enriched flow is mixed with said charge air such that the oxygen percentage of said charge air is reduced, and consequently reduces the NOx- emissions from said diesel engine.
  • Fig. 1 describes the effect of the reduction of NO x emissions when reducing the oxygen content of the charge air.
  • Fig. 2 shows a comparison of the effects of different diluents in the charge air in the reduction of NO x -emissions.
  • Fig. 3 is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention, in which a separate diluent line is arranged for separating atmospheric air (13) into an oxygen enriched (14) and nitrogen enriched (15) flow, wherein said nitrogen enriched flow (15) is arranged for being mixed with a charge air flow (12) before the mixture is injected into the combustion chamber (4) of the diesel engine (1).
  • the mixing is performed after the main atmospheric intake air flow (12) has been compressed.
  • Fig. 4 is an illustration of an embodiment of the invention, in which a separate diluent line is arranged for separating atmospheric air (13) into an oxygen enriched (14) and nitrogen enriched flow (15), wherein said nitrogen enriched flow (15) is arranged for being mixed with a charge air flow (12) before the mixture is injected into the combustion chamber (4) of the diesel engine (1).
  • the Nitrogen enriched flow (15) is introduced into the atmospheric intake airflow (12) ahead of the first compressor (2).
  • the invention comprises a system for reducing NO x -emissions from a diesel engine (1).
  • Diesel engines (1) function according to a compression ignition system in which compressed atmospheric intake air (12) and diesel fuel (11) are furnished to a combustion chamber (4), wherein the diesel (11) and atmospheric intake air (12) exothermally react, and the resulting exhaust gas (16) is later expanded in the cylinders and thus performs work to the pistons which is converted to rotational work of the crankshaft.
  • TC turbo charger
  • the exhaust gas continues through the TC turbine (3) for driving the TC compressor (2) compressing the charge air (12).
  • the compression of the atmospheric intake air (12) is thus usually directly linked to the engine (1) by the turbocharger system.
  • a first approach is to recycle exhaust gas (16) from the engine (1) to the atmospheric intake air (12) as the exhaust gas (16) is oxygen impoverished. This will result in an atmospheric intake air (12) having a lower oxygen content and thus giving a lower combustion temperature.
  • This usually requires cooling the atmospheric intake air (12) and there are technical problems with respect to particulates in the exhaust (16).
  • Membrane separation systems wherein the charge air is separated into two separate flows, and in which a portion of the charge air is separated into an oxygen enriched flow and a nitrogen enriched flow, have been proposed. However such systems have relied upon a single charge air inlet, wherein the charge air is compressed using the compressor (2) and later passes over the membrane for separation. Thus, the amount of charge air that may be treated is dependent upon the engine performance, and little separation is possible at low engine power.
  • Marine diesel oils are usually heavier and less clean than diesel oil for automotive use, producing an exhaust (16) having a higher content of particulates.
  • the standards and requirements for diesel oil for land-based operations are more strict mainly due to stricter emission requirements.
  • the present invention comprises introducing a second air flow (13) that is compressed using a second compressor (5), wherein the second compressor (5) is not dependent upon the engine performance.
  • Said second air flow (13) is furnished to an air separation system (6) wherein said flow (13) is separated into a nitrogen enriched flow (15) and an oxygen enriched flow (14).
  • the nitrogen enriched flow (15) is then mixed with the atmospheric intake air flow (12), and the resulting mixture will have a lower oxygen content than the atmospheric intake air flow (12).
  • This mixture (12, 15) is subsequently furnished to the combustion chamber, and will result in both a lower combustion temperature and more importantly - a lower excess oxygen content in the charge air than would have been possible using an unmixed charge air, and will thus reduce the NO x -emission from the engine (1). Illustrations of embodiments according to the invention are shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates the mixing of said nitrogen enriched flow (15) and said atmospheric intake air (12) being performed before said atmospheric intake air (12) is compressed in the compressor (2).
  • the engine (1) will receive the same amount of charge air as if the nitrogen enriched flow (15) had not been mixed with the atmospheric intake air (12).
  • Fig. 4 illustrates the mixing of said nitrogen enriched flow (15) and said atmospheric intake air (12) being performed after said atmospheric intake air (12) is compressed in the first compressor (2).
  • a wastegate (9) will be required in the engine system so as for releasing excess air from the system.
  • said air separation system (6) comprises a membrane system (61), wherein the membrane (62) within said system is a so-called oxygen selective membrane.
  • membranes are commonly known within the art, and may comprise any combination of membrane systems including membrane housings and membrane types as will be evident to the person skilled in the art.
  • Other air separation units such as pressure swing adsorbers may be used as will be evident to a person skilled in the art.
  • the relative emissions of NO x decreases when the oxygen concentration of the atmospheric intake gas (12) is reduced.
  • a small reduction in the oxygen content of the atmospheric intake air (12) may result in a significant reduction in NO x emissions.
  • the amount of nitrogen enriched gas (15) to be furnished for mixing with the atmospheric intake air (12) is evidently a function of to which extent one reduces the oxygen content in the nitrogen enriched air.
  • the below table indicates how much nitrogen per weight must be added to achieve a desired oxygen concentration in the mixture.
  • Table 1 Kilos of Nitrogen per kilo of charge air to achieve desired O 2 concentration.
  • the oxygen content of the nitrogen enriched gas (15) is between about 0% and about 18 % per weight.
  • a mixing chamber (7) is arranged for mixing the flows (12, 15) prior to injection of the mixture into the combustion chamber.
  • the mixing chamber (7) may be of any shape or form adequate for mixing the flows, and may comprise meshes, valves and the like as will be evident to a person skilled in the art.
  • a cooling system (8) may thus be arranged for cooling the air prior to injection into the combustion chamber (4).
  • a cooling system (8) may thus be arranged for cooling the air prior to injection into the combustion chamber (4).
  • the system is adapted for use in marine applications. Marine diesel fuels are often both heavier and less clean and the resulting exhaust emissions are more charged in soot and particulates. Thus exhaust gas recycling will result in a greater degree of pollution of the engine itself.
  • a system according to the invention will provide advantages over such exhaust recycling systems.
  • a control unit may be arranged for measuring the oxygen content and flow rate of the atmospheric intake air (12), and depending on the desired oxygen level of the air to be furnished to the engine (1) furnishing the required amount of nitrogen enriched flow (15) at the desired concentration.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé pour réduire les émissions de NOx d'un moteur diesel, comprenant le mélange d'un air de suralimentation devant être fourni audit moteur avec un gaz enrichi en azote mélangé avec l'air de suralimentation avant que le mélange résultant ne soit fourni à la chambre de combustion dudit moteur diesel. Le gaz enrichi en azote est issu d'un gaz atmosphérique, ledit gaz atmosphérique étant séparé en un flux de gaz enrichi en azote et en un flux de gaz enrichi en oxygène dans une unité de séparation d'air.
PCT/NO2008/000108 2007-03-22 2008-03-18 Système et procédé pour réduire les émissions de nox de moteurs diesel WO2008115073A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20071519A NO327898B1 (no) 2007-03-22 2007-03-22 NOx-reduksjon pa marine dieselmotorer
NO20071519 2007-03-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008115073A1 true WO2008115073A1 (fr) 2008-09-25

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ID=39766105

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO2008/000108 WO2008115073A1 (fr) 2007-03-22 2008-03-18 Système et procédé pour réduire les émissions de nox de moteurs diesel

Country Status (2)

Country Link
NO (1) NO327898B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008115073A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2952406A3 (fr) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-13 Renault Sa Groupe motopropulseur de vehicule automobile a emissions polluantes reduites.
EP2687694A1 (fr) * 2011-03-15 2014-01-22 Hino Motors Ltd. Dispositif d'épuration des gaz d'échappement
CN110630391A (zh) * 2019-09-02 2019-12-31 山西省交通科技研发有限公司 一种柴油车尾气综合处理装置和处理方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5649517A (en) * 1993-02-18 1997-07-22 The University Of Chicago Variable oxygen/nitrogen enriched intake air system for internal combustion engine applications
WO2000031386A1 (fr) * 1998-11-24 2000-06-02 The University Of Chicago Procede et appareil visant a reduire les emissions de gaz polluants par un moteur
JP2001098949A (ja) * 1999-07-26 2001-04-10 Toshiaki Oe ディーゼルエンジンの窒素酸化物削減装置および窒素ガス発生装置
EP1056934B1 (fr) * 1998-01-20 2003-05-21 SJM Company Limited Systeme de decoupleur d'echappement

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5649517A (en) * 1993-02-18 1997-07-22 The University Of Chicago Variable oxygen/nitrogen enriched intake air system for internal combustion engine applications
EP1056934B1 (fr) * 1998-01-20 2003-05-21 SJM Company Limited Systeme de decoupleur d'echappement
WO2000031386A1 (fr) * 1998-11-24 2000-06-02 The University Of Chicago Procede et appareil visant a reduire les emissions de gaz polluants par un moteur
JP2001098949A (ja) * 1999-07-26 2001-04-10 Toshiaki Oe ディーゼルエンジンの窒素酸化物削減装置および窒素ガス発生装置

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2952406A3 (fr) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-13 Renault Sa Groupe motopropulseur de vehicule automobile a emissions polluantes reduites.
EP2687694A1 (fr) * 2011-03-15 2014-01-22 Hino Motors Ltd. Dispositif d'épuration des gaz d'échappement
EP2687694A4 (fr) * 2011-03-15 2015-04-22 Hino Motors Ltd Dispositif d'épuration des gaz d'échappement
US9021792B2 (en) 2011-03-15 2015-05-05 Hino Motors, Ltd. Exhaust gas purification device
CN110630391A (zh) * 2019-09-02 2019-12-31 山西省交通科技研发有限公司 一种柴油车尾气综合处理装置和处理方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20071519L (no) 2008-09-23
NO327898B1 (no) 2009-10-19

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