WO2008098436A1 - A finestiller and an ammonia absorption type refrigerating apparatus utilizing waste heat of exhaust - Google Patents

A finestiller and an ammonia absorption type refrigerating apparatus utilizing waste heat of exhaust Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008098436A1
WO2008098436A1 PCT/CN2007/002132 CN2007002132W WO2008098436A1 WO 2008098436 A1 WO2008098436 A1 WO 2008098436A1 CN 2007002132 W CN2007002132 W CN 2007002132W WO 2008098436 A1 WO2008098436 A1 WO 2008098436A1
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Prior art keywords
tube
rectifier
primary
shell
inlet
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PCT/CN2007/002132
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Qidong Pang
Wenhui Zhang
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Qidong Pang
Wenhui Zhang
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Publication of WO2008098436A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008098436A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/12—Heating; Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/02—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas
    • F25B15/04—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type without inert gas the refrigerant being ammonia evaporated from aqueous solution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2333/00—Details of boilers; Analysers; Rectifiers
    • F25B2333/006—Details of boilers; Analysers; Rectifiers the generator or boiler having a rectifier

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refrigerating apparatus, and more particularly to an ammonia water resorption type refrigerating apparatus that utilizes exhaust gas residual heat to achieve sufficient rectification.
  • the Chinese Patent Publication discloses a patent application file with the publication number CN2842312.
  • the refrigeration device described in the patent application file can realize the refrigeration requirement by utilizing the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas of the engine, has a high refrigeration coefficient, and has a small volume and weight, and can be applied to, for example, Cars, fishing boats and other means of transport.
  • the ammonia water absorption refrigeration device using waste heat of exhaust gas described in the above patent application includes a waste heat generator, a rectifier, a regenerator, a solution throttle valve, a liquid ammonia throttle valve, an evaporator, a solution pump, a condenser,
  • the absorber, the generation-absorption heat exchanger, the stripper, and the regenerator are combined to and circulate to form a circulation loop of ammonia aqueous solution and a circulation loop of ammonia.
  • the cooled high-concentration ammonia aqueous solution pumped from the solution is sent to the solution passage of the rectifier to exchange heat with the ammonia-mixed steam from the waste heat generator.
  • the moisture of the ammonia mixed steam is condensed and precipitated on the outer surface of the rectifier solution passage, and the high-purity ammonia gas after the distillation is condensed into liquid ammonia through the condenser, and the liquid ammonia enters the evaporator for evaporation and refrigeration, thereby realizing the device. Refrigeration process.
  • the performance of the rectifier is a key link to improve overall cooling efficiency.
  • the rectifier which is usually used is a coil type
  • a low-temperature high-concentration solution is taken away from the tube, and the water condensed after rectification is deposited at the bottom of the shell side, and the residual heat is returned through the stripper through the bottom line.
  • Device In the shaking environment of the ship, the condensed water does not flow down sufficiently into the pipeline at the bottom of the shell, thus affecting the circulation process of the ammonia water.
  • the operation of the refrigeration device and its circulation system is intermittent, that is, the circulation of the ammonia aqueous solution is also intermittent, so that the circulation solution itself is used as the fine boring device. Cooling medium, there will be incomplete rectification. Therefore, it is necessary to design a better performance rectifier for the characteristics of the refrigeration unit applied to the fishing vessel. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an environment that can adapt to shaking. And able to achieve a fully accurate rig.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using waste heat of exhaust gas which can adapt to a shaking environment and can achieve sufficient rectification and improve overall refrigeration efficiency.
  • a rectifier is a two-stage rectifier comprising a primary rectifier and a secondary rectifier, the primary rectifier and the secondary rectifier being connected in series and both of the shells Structure, the rectified gas is taken away, the cooling medium is taken away, the tube outlet of the primary rectifier is connected to the tube inlet of the secondary rectifier; the shell of the secondary rectifier is provided with seawater Entrance and exit.
  • the inner wall of the tube is provided with three-dimensional fins, and the space without the fins in the center of the tube is filled with a blockage for blocking airflow, in the shell thereof
  • a baffle is also installed in the process.
  • the primary rectifier and the secondary rectifier have a vertical installation structure of the tube clusters of the tube.
  • An ammonia water absorption type refrigerating device utilizing waste heat of exhaust gas which is formed by a combination of a rectifier, a regenerator, a solution pump, a condenser, an absorber, a generating-absorption heat exchanger, a stripping device, and the like,
  • the distillator is a two-stage rectifier, the primary rectifier and the secondary rectifier are connected in series and are both shell-and-tube structure, the rectified gas is taken away, the cooling medium is taken away, and the primary rectification is carried out.
  • the tube outlet of the tube is in direct communication with the tube inlet of the secondary rectifier; the tube inlet of the primary rectifier is connected to the top of the stripper and the regenerator assembly, and the tube outlet of the secondary rectifier is The input end of the condenser is connected; the shell inlet of the primary rectifier is connected to the output of the absorber through a solution pump, and the shell exit of the primary refiner is connected to the shell input of the generating-absorption heat exchanger, secondary
  • the shell side of the rectifier is provided with inlets and outlets for seawater.
  • the present invention has the following remarkable effects:
  • the two-stage rectification of the rectifier adopts a shell-and-tube structure, and the rectified gas is taken away from the tube, and the water condensed after rectification flows completely down the tube wall to the stripper under the action of gravity. Therefore, it will not be affected by the shaking environment on board.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the configuration of an ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using waste heat of exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using waste heat of exhaust gas of the present invention includes a waste heat generator 1, a stripper 2, a regenerator 3, a primary rectifier 4, a secondary rectifier 5, and occurs - Absorption heat exchanger 6, absorber 7, solution pump 8, condenser 9, regenerator 10, solution throttle valve 11, primary throttle valve 12, secondary throttle valve 13, evaporator 14, cold delivery terminal 15 (External to the circulation system), which are combined to form a circulation loop of ammonia aqueous solution and a circulation loop of ammonia.
  • the refrigeration device includes the following circuits:
  • ammonia aqueous circulation circuit comprising: waste heat generator 1 shell side, regenerator 3, solution throttle valve 11, generating-absorption heat exchanger 6 tube process, absorber 7, solution pump 8, rectifier,
  • the generating-absorption heat exchanger 6 shell side, the stripper 2 - regenerator 3 combination body, the residual heat generator 1 shell circuit are connected in sequence
  • the ammonia circulation loop which includes the shell side of the waste heat generator 1 Stripper 2-regenerator 3 assembly, rectifier, condenser 9, primary throttle 12, regenerator 10 liquid ammonia input, regenerator 10 liquid ammonia output, secondary throttle 13 , evaporator 14, chiller 10 ammonia input, chiller 10 ammonia output, generating-absorption heat exchanger 6 shell, generating-absorption heat exchanger 6 tube, absorber 7, solution pump 8 , a rectifier, a heat-generating heat exchanger 6 shell side, a stripper 2 - a regenerator 3 combination body, and a residual heat generator 1 shell process connected in sequence;
  • the rectifier of the present invention comprises a primary rectifier 4 and a secondary concentrator 5, the primary rectifier 4 and the secondary rectifier 5 are connected in series and are both shell-and-tube structures, the primary rectifier 4 The tube outlet is in direct communication with the tube inlet of the secondary rectifier 5.
  • the tube inlet of the primary rectifier 4 is connected to the top of the stripper 2, the combination of the regenerator 3, and the tube outlet of the secondary rectifier 5 is connected to the input of the condenser 9.
  • the shell inlet of the primary rectifier 4 is connected to the output of the absorber 7 via a solution pump 8, and the shell-side outlet of the primary rectifier 4 is connected to the shell-side input of the generating-absorption heat exchanger 6, secondary rectification
  • the shell side of the vessel 5 is provided with an inlet 5-1 and an outlet 5-2 for seawater, and a water pipe can be connected to the seawater as a cooling medium for the secondary rectifier 5.
  • three-dimensional ribs are processed on the inner wall of the tube, and the space without the ribs in the center of the tube is filled with a solid iron rod to block the airflow at the center of the tube, so that The rectified gas is close to the pipe wall and passes through the gap of the rib; and in the shell side, a baffle is installed to make the cooling medium flow from top to bottom under the action of the baffle, thereby rectifying
  • the device works well for rectification.
  • the cluster of the rectifier is a vertical device, the water condensed after the distillation is gravity-treated along the wall of the pipe. It flows back to the stripper 2 and returns to the waste heat generator 1 for circulation.
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for use in an ammonia water absorption refrigerating apparatus utilizing waste heat of a tail gas on a fishing boat, and is also suitable for use in a refrigerating apparatus utilizing residual heat of engine exhaust gas in a ship shaking environment.

Abstract

A finestiller (4,5) and an ammonia absorption type refrigerating apparatus utilizing waste heat of exhaust, which equipped with the finestiller (4,5) can be adapted to a carrier-wobbling environment and obtain sufficient rectification, are provided. The finestiller (4,5) has a shell and tube structure and is composed of a primary finestiller (4) and a secondary finestiller (5), which are connected in series. The tube outlet of the primary finestiller (4) is directly interconnected with the tube inlet of the secondary finestiller (5), and the tube inlet of the primary finestiller (4) is connected with the top of a combination body of an exhausting device (2) and a regenerator (3). The tube outlet of the secondary finestiller (5) is connected with the inlet of a condenser (9), and the shell inlet of the primary finestiller (4) is connected with the inlet of an absorber (7) via a solution pump (8). The shell outlet of the primary finestiller (4) is connected with the shell inlet of a generation-absorption heat exchanger (6), and a seawater inlet (5-1) and a seawater outlet (5-2) are placed at the shell side of the secondary finestiller (5).

Description

精馏器和利用尾气余热的氨水吸收式制冷装置 技术领域  Rectifier and ammonia water absorption refrigeration device using waste heat of exhaust gas
本发明涉及一种制冷装置，特别涉及一种能实现充分精馏的利用尾气余热 的氨水吸收式制冷装置。 背景技术  The present invention relates to a refrigerating apparatus, and more particularly to an ammonia water resorption type refrigerating apparatus that utilizes exhaust gas residual heat to achieve sufficient rectification. Background technique
中国专利公报公开了公开号为 CN2842312的专利申请文件， 该专利申请 文件描述的制冷装置可利用发动机的尾气余热实现制冷要求， 具有较高的制冷 系数， 并且体积、 重量较小， 可应用于诸如汽车、 渔船这类运输工具上。  The Chinese Patent Publication discloses a patent application file with the publication number CN2842312. The refrigeration device described in the patent application file can realize the refrigeration requirement by utilizing the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas of the engine, has a high refrigeration coefficient, and has a small volume and weight, and can be applied to, for example, Cars, fishing boats and other means of transport.
上述专利申请文件所述的利用尾气余热的氨水吸收式制冷装置，包括余热 发生器、 精馏器、 回热器、 溶液节流阀、 液氨节流阀、 蒸发器、 溶液泵、 冷凝 器、吸收器、发生-吸收热交换器、提馏器和回冷器， 通过组合与连接分别构成 氨水溶液的循环回路及氨的循环回路。在该装置的氨水溶液的循环回路中， 从 溶液泵出来的冷却后的高浓度氨水溶液， 被送入精馏器的溶液通道， 与来自余 热发生器的氨水混合蒸汽进行换热。精镏过程中， 氨水混合蒸汽的水分在精馏 器溶液通道外表面冷凝析出， 精馏后的高纯度氨气通过冷凝器散热冷凝成液 氨， 液氨进入蒸发器进行蒸发制冷， 实现装置的制冷过程。 显然， 精馏器的工 作性能， 对提高整体制冷效率， 是一个关键环节。  The ammonia water absorption refrigeration device using waste heat of exhaust gas described in the above patent application includes a waste heat generator, a rectifier, a regenerator, a solution throttle valve, a liquid ammonia throttle valve, an evaporator, a solution pump, a condenser, The absorber, the generation-absorption heat exchanger, the stripper, and the regenerator are combined to and circulate to form a circulation loop of ammonia aqueous solution and a circulation loop of ammonia. In the circulation circuit of the ammonia aqueous solution of the apparatus, the cooled high-concentration ammonia aqueous solution pumped from the solution is sent to the solution passage of the rectifier to exchange heat with the ammonia-mixed steam from the waste heat generator. During the fine boring process, the moisture of the ammonia mixed steam is condensed and precipitated on the outer surface of the rectifier solution passage, and the high-purity ammonia gas after the distillation is condensed into liquid ammonia through the condenser, and the liquid ammonia enters the evaporator for evaporation and refrigeration, thereby realizing the device. Refrigeration process. Obviously, the performance of the rectifier is a key link to improve overall cooling efficiency.
但是， 由于通常采用的精馏器是盘管式， 低温度的高浓度溶液走管程， 精 馏后冷凝出的水分沉积在壳程的底部， 并通过底部的管道经过提馏器返回余热 发生器。而在船上的摇晃环境下，冷凝水并不能充分向下流入壳程底部的管道， 从而影响氨水的循环过程。 此外由于使用的是船上尾气的余热， 时断时续， 制 冷装置及其循环系统的工作存在间断性， 即氨水溶液的循环也存在间断性， 这 样， 单靠自身循环溶液来作为精熘器的冷却介质， 会存在精馏不完全的现象。 因此， 必须针对制冷装置在渔船上应用的特点， 设计出性能更佳的精馏器。 发明内容  However, since the rectifier which is usually used is a coil type, a low-temperature high-concentration solution is taken away from the tube, and the water condensed after rectification is deposited at the bottom of the shell side, and the residual heat is returned through the stripper through the bottom line. Device. In the shaking environment of the ship, the condensed water does not flow down sufficiently into the pipeline at the bottom of the shell, thus affecting the circulation process of the ammonia water. In addition, due to the use of residual heat of the exhaust gas on the ship, intermittent operation, the operation of the refrigeration device and its circulation system is intermittent, that is, the circulation of the ammonia aqueous solution is also intermittent, so that the circulation solution itself is used as the fine boring device. Cooling medium, there will be incomplete rectification. Therefore, it is necessary to design a better performance rectifier for the characteristics of the refrigeration unit applied to the fishing vessel. Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是为了克服现有技术的不足， 而提供一种能适应摇晃环境 并能够实现充分精镏的的精镏器。本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种能适应摇 晃环境，并能够实现充分精馏的，提高整体制冷效率的利用尾气余热的氨水吸收 式制冷装置。 The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an environment that can adapt to shaking. And able to achieve a fully accurate rig. Another object of the present invention is to provide an ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using waste heat of exhaust gas which can adapt to a shaking environment and can achieve sufficient rectification and improve overall refrigeration efficiency.
本发明所采取的技术解决方案是这样的：  The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
一种精馏器， 所述精馏器为一种两级精馏器， 包括初级精馏器与次级精馏 器， 所述初级精熘器与次级精馏器串联且均为管壳式结构， 被精馏的气体走管 程， 冷却介质走壳程， 初级精馏器的管程出口与次级精馏器的管程入口连通； 次级精馏器的壳程设有海水的入口和出口。  A rectifier, the rectifier is a two-stage rectifier comprising a primary rectifier and a secondary rectifier, the primary rectifier and the secondary rectifier being connected in series and both of the shells Structure, the rectified gas is taken away, the cooling medium is taken away, the tube outlet of the primary rectifier is connected to the tube inlet of the secondary rectifier; the shell of the secondary rectifier is provided with seawater Entrance and exit.
所述初级精熘器和次级精馏器， 其管程的列管簇中， 管内壁上设有三维肋 片， 管中心没有肋片的空间填有可阻挡气流的堵塞物， 在其壳程中还装有折流 板。 所述初级精馏器和次级精馏器， 其管程的列管簇釆用竖直安装结构。  In the primary refiner and the secondary rectifier, in the tube cluster of the tube, the inner wall of the tube is provided with three-dimensional fins, and the space without the fins in the center of the tube is filled with a blockage for blocking airflow, in the shell thereof A baffle is also installed in the process. The primary rectifier and the secondary rectifier have a vertical installation structure of the tube clusters of the tube.
一种利用尾气余热的氨水吸收式制冷装置， 由精馏器、 回热器、 溶液泵、 冷凝器、吸收器、发生-吸收热交换器、提馏器等组件组合连接而成， 所述精馏 器为一种两级精馏器， 其初级精馏器与次级精馏器串联连接且均为管壳式结 构， 被精馏的气体走管程， 冷却介质走壳程， 初级精馏器的管程出口与次级精 馏器的管程入口直接连通； 初级精馏器的管程入口与提馏器、 回热器组合体的 顶部连接， 次级精馏器的管程出口与冷凝器的输入端连接； 初级精馏器的壳程 入口通过溶液泵与吸收器的输出端连接，初级精镏器的壳程出口与发生-吸收热 交换器的壳程输入端连接， 次级精馏器的壳程设有海水的入口和出口。  An ammonia water absorption type refrigerating device utilizing waste heat of exhaust gas, which is formed by a combination of a rectifier, a regenerator, a solution pump, a condenser, an absorber, a generating-absorption heat exchanger, a stripping device, and the like, The distillator is a two-stage rectifier, the primary rectifier and the secondary rectifier are connected in series and are both shell-and-tube structure, the rectified gas is taken away, the cooling medium is taken away, and the primary rectification is carried out. The tube outlet of the tube is in direct communication with the tube inlet of the secondary rectifier; the tube inlet of the primary rectifier is connected to the top of the stripper and the regenerator assembly, and the tube outlet of the secondary rectifier is The input end of the condenser is connected; the shell inlet of the primary rectifier is connected to the output of the absorber through a solution pump, and the shell exit of the primary refiner is connected to the shell input of the generating-absorption heat exchanger, secondary The shell side of the rectifier is provided with inlets and outlets for seawater.
与现有技术相比， 本发明具有以下显著效果：  Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following remarkable effects:
( 1 ) 精馏器的两级精馏均采用管壳式结构， 被精馏的气体走管程， 精馏 后冷凝出的水分在重力作用下沿管壁充分地向下流回提馏器， 从而， 不会受船 上摇晃环境的影响。  (1) The two-stage rectification of the rectifier adopts a shell-and-tube structure, and the rectified gas is taken away from the tube, and the water condensed after rectification flows completely down the tube wall to the stripper under the action of gravity. Therefore, it will not be affected by the shaking environment on board.
(2) 被精馏的气体经过两级精馏器， 精镏过程更为充分， 而且即使作为 初级精馏器的冷却介质的低温度氨水溶液因系统工作的间断性出现间歇时，氨 蒸汽仍能在次级精馏器被海水冷却而继续被精馏，大大减小了精馏不完全的现 象。  (2) The rectified gas passes through the two-stage rectifier, the finer process is more sufficient, and even if the low-temperature ammonia solution as the cooling medium of the primary rectifier is intermittent due to the intermittent operation of the system, the ammonia vapor remains It can be rectified in the secondary rectifier by seawater cooling, which greatly reduces the phenomenon of incomplete rectification.
(3 ) 两级精馏器的管程中的列管簇， 管的内壁设有三维肋片和中心装填 堵塞物以及在精馏器壳程中装有折流板的设计，使被精馏的气体与管外的冷却 介质充分换热， 能取得更好的精熘效果。 附图说明 (3) The tube clusters in the tube process of the two-stage rectifier, the inner wall of the tube is provided with three-dimensional fins and a central packing plug and a baffle plate is installed in the shell side of the rectifier to rectify The gas is sufficiently exchanged with the cooling medium outside the tube to achieve a better precision. DRAWINGS
图 1 是本发明实施例的利用尾气余热的氨水吸收式制冷装置的结构示意 图。 具体实施方式  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the configuration of an ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using waste heat of exhaust gas according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
通过下面实施例对本发明作进一步详细阐述。  The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
本发明的利用尾气余热的氨水吸收式制冷装置， 如图 1所示， 包括余热发 生器 1、 提馏器 2、 回热器 3、初级精馏器 4、 次级精馏器 5、 发生 -吸收热交换 器 6、 吸收器 7、 溶液泵 8、 冷凝器 9、 回冷器 10、 溶液节流阀 11、 一次节流 阀 12、 二次节流阀 13、 蒸发器 14， 送冷终端 15 (外接于循环系统)， 经组合 连接分别构成氨水溶液的循环回路及氨的循环回路。  The ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using waste heat of exhaust gas of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, includes a waste heat generator 1, a stripper 2, a regenerator 3, a primary rectifier 4, a secondary rectifier 5, and occurs - Absorption heat exchanger 6, absorber 7, solution pump 8, condenser 9, regenerator 10, solution throttle valve 11, primary throttle valve 12, secondary throttle valve 13, evaporator 14, cold delivery terminal 15 (External to the circulation system), which are combined to form a circulation loop of ammonia aqueous solution and a circulation loop of ammonia.
所述的制冷装置包括以下回路：  The refrigeration device includes the following circuits:
a)氨水溶液循环回路， 其由包括余热发生器 1壳程、 回热器 3、 溶液节流 阀 11、 发生-吸收热交换器 6管程、 吸收器 7、 溶液泵 8、 精馏器、 发生 -吸收 热交换器 6壳程、提馏器 2-回热器 3组合体、余热发生器 1壳程依次连接的回 路构成， b)氨循环回路， 其由包括余热发生器 1壳程、 提馏器 2-回热器 3组合 体、 精馏器、 冷凝器 9、 一次节流阀 12、 回冷器 10液氨输入端、 回冷器 10液 氨输出端、 二次节流阀 13、 蒸发器 14、 回冷器 10氨气输入端、 回冷器 10氨 气输出端、 发生-吸收热交换器 6壳程、 发生-吸收热交换器 6管程、 吸收器 7、 溶液泵 8、精馏器、发生-吸收热交换器 6壳程、提馏器 2-回热器 3组合体、 余 热发生器 1壳程依次连接的回路构成；  a) ammonia aqueous circulation circuit comprising: waste heat generator 1 shell side, regenerator 3, solution throttle valve 11, generating-absorption heat exchanger 6 tube process, absorber 7, solution pump 8, rectifier, The generating-absorption heat exchanger 6 shell side, the stripper 2 - regenerator 3 combination body, the residual heat generator 1 shell circuit are connected in sequence, b) the ammonia circulation loop, which includes the shell side of the waste heat generator 1 Stripper 2-regenerator 3 assembly, rectifier, condenser 9, primary throttle 12, regenerator 10 liquid ammonia input, regenerator 10 liquid ammonia output, secondary throttle 13 , evaporator 14, chiller 10 ammonia input, chiller 10 ammonia output, generating-absorption heat exchanger 6 shell, generating-absorption heat exchanger 6 tube, absorber 7, solution pump 8 , a rectifier, a heat-generating heat exchanger 6 shell side, a stripper 2 - a regenerator 3 combination body, and a residual heat generator 1 shell process connected in sequence;
本发明的精馏器， 包括初级精馏器 4与次级精镏器 5， 初级精馏器 4与次 级精馏器 5串联成一体且均为管壳式结构，初级精馏器 4的管程出口与次级精 馏器 5的管程入口直接连通。  The rectifier of the present invention comprises a primary rectifier 4 and a secondary concentrator 5, the primary rectifier 4 and the secondary rectifier 5 are connected in series and are both shell-and-tube structures, the primary rectifier 4 The tube outlet is in direct communication with the tube inlet of the secondary rectifier 5.
初级精馏器 4的管程入口与提馏器 2、 回热器 3组合体的顶部连接， 次级 精馏器 5的管程出口与冷凝器 9的输入端连接。初级精馏器 4的壳程入口通过 溶液泵 8与吸收器 7的输出端连接，初级精馏器 4的壳程出口与发生-吸收热交 换器 6的壳程输入端连接，次级精馏器 5的壳程设有海水的入口 5-1和出口 5-2， 可分别连接水管通入海水作为次级精馏器 5的冷却介质。 初级精馏器 4和次级精馏器 5内的列管簇中，其管内壁上加工有三维肋片， 管中心没有肋片的空间填有实心铁棒以堵塞管中心的气流，使被精馏的气体靠 近管壁并从肋片的间隙中通过； 而在其壳程中， 则装有折流板， 使冷却介质在 折流板的作用下自上而下流动， 从而使精馏器起到很好的精馏效果。 The tube inlet of the primary rectifier 4 is connected to the top of the stripper 2, the combination of the regenerator 3, and the tube outlet of the secondary rectifier 5 is connected to the input of the condenser 9. The shell inlet of the primary rectifier 4 is connected to the output of the absorber 7 via a solution pump 8, and the shell-side outlet of the primary rectifier 4 is connected to the shell-side input of the generating-absorption heat exchanger 6, secondary rectification The shell side of the vessel 5 is provided with an inlet 5-1 and an outlet 5-2 for seawater, and a water pipe can be connected to the seawater as a cooling medium for the secondary rectifier 5. In the clusters of the primary rectifier 4 and the secondary rectifier 5, three-dimensional ribs are processed on the inner wall of the tube, and the space without the ribs in the center of the tube is filled with a solid iron rod to block the airflow at the center of the tube, so that The rectified gas is close to the pipe wall and passes through the gap of the rib; and in the shell side, a baffle is installed to make the cooling medium flow from top to bottom under the action of the baffle, thereby rectifying The device works well for rectification.
本制冷系统工作时， 被余热发生器 1加热的较低纯度的氨蒸汽， 经提镏器 When the refrigeration system is in operation, the lower purity ammonia vapor heated by the residual heat generator 1 passes through the extractor
2提纯后进入初级精馏器 4的管程， 在初级精镏器 4壳程中来自吸收器 7的氨 水溶液的作用下进行精馏。从初级精熘器 4的管程出来的较高纯度的氨蒸汽继 续进入次级精馏器 5的管程，在次级精馏器 5壳程中的海水作用下进一步进行 精镏。 经过两级精馏后的高纯度氨气通过冷凝器 9散热冷凝成液氨， 液氨进入 蒸发器 14进行蒸发制冷， 实现本装置的制冷过程。 与此同时， 氨水混合蒸汽 的水分在两级精馏器管程内壁冷凝析出， 由于精馏器的列管簇是竖直装置的， 精馏后冷凝出的水分在重力作用下沿管壁向下流回提馏器 2， 再回到余热发生 器 1中进行循环。本发明特别适合于渔船上利用尾气余热的氨水吸收式制冷装 置中， 除此之外， 它还适用于类似船上摇晃工作环境的利用发动机尾气余热的 制冷装置中。 2 Purification and then entering the tube of the primary rectifier 4, and rectifying under the action of an aqueous ammonia solution from the absorber 7 in the shell side of the primary refiner 4 . The higher purity ammonia vapor from the tube of the primary refiner 4 continues to enter the tube of the secondary rectifier 5, and is further refined by the seawater in the shell side of the secondary rectifier 5. After the two-stage rectification, the high-purity ammonia gas is condensed into liquid ammonia through the condenser 9, and the liquid ammonia enters the evaporator 14 for evaporative cooling to realize the refrigeration process of the device. At the same time, the moisture of the ammonia-mixed steam is condensed and precipitated on the inner wall of the two-stage rectifier. Since the cluster of the rectifier is a vertical device, the water condensed after the distillation is gravity-treated along the wall of the pipe. It flows back to the stripper 2 and returns to the waste heat generator 1 for circulation. The present invention is particularly suitable for use in an ammonia water absorption refrigerating apparatus utilizing waste heat of a tail gas on a fishing boat, and is also suitable for use in a refrigerating apparatus utilizing residual heat of engine exhaust gas in a ship shaking environment.

Claims

权利要求 Rights request
1、 一种精熘器， 其特征在于： 所述精馏器为一种两级精馏器， 其初级精 馏器与次级精馏器串联连接且均为管壳式结构， 被精馏的气体走管程， 冷却介 质走壳程， 初级精镏器的管程出口与次级精馏器的管程入口直接连通； 初级精 馏器的管程入口与提镏器、 回热器组合体的顶部连接， 次级精馏器的管程出口 与冷凝器的输入端连接；初级精熘器的壳程入口通过溶液泵与吸收器的输出端 连接，初级精馏器的壳程出口与发生-吸收热交换器的壳程输入端连接，次级精 馏器的壳程设有海水的入口和出口。 A fine boring device, characterized in that: the rectifier is a two-stage rectifier, the primary rectifier and the secondary rectifier are connected in series and are both shell-and-tube structures, being rectified The gas is taken away, the cooling medium is taken away, and the tube outlet of the primary refiner is directly connected to the tube inlet of the secondary rectifier; the tube inlet of the primary rectifier is combined with the tuner and the regenerator The top connection of the body, the tube outlet of the secondary rectifier is connected to the input end of the condenser; the shell inlet of the primary refiner is connected to the output of the absorber through the solution pump, and the shell outlet of the primary rectifier is The shell-side input of the generating-absorption heat exchanger is connected, and the shell side of the secondary rectifier is provided with inlets and outlets for seawater.
2、 如权利要求 1所述的精馏器， 其特征在于： 所述初级精馏器和次级精 馏器， 其管程的列管簇中， 管内壁上设有三维肋片， 管中心没有肋片的空间填 有可阻挡气流的堵塞物， 在其壳程中还装有折流板。  2. The rectifier according to claim 1, wherein: the primary rectifier and the secondary rectifier have a three-dimensional fin on the inner wall of the tube in the tube cluster of the tube tube, and the tube center The space without the ribs is filled with a blockage that blocks the air flow, and a baffle is also installed in the shell side.
3、 如权利要求 1所述的精馏器， 其特征在于： 所述初级精馏器和次级精 馏器， 其管程的列管簇采用竖直安装结构。  The rectifier according to claim 1, wherein the primary rectifier and the secondary rectifier have a vertical installation structure of the tube clusters of the tube.
4、 一种利用尾气余热的氨水吸收式制冷装置， 由精镏器、 回热器、 溶液 泵、冷凝器、 吸收器、发生-吸收热交换器、提馏器等组件组合连接而成， 其特 征在于： 所述精馏器为一种两级精馏器， 其初级精镏器与次级精馏器串联连接 且均为管壳式结构， 被精馏的气体走管程， 冷却介质走壳程， 初级精馏器的管 程出口与次级精馏器的管程入口直接连通； 初级精熘器的管程入口与提馏器、 回热器组合体的顶部连接， 次级精馏器的管程出口与冷凝器的输入端连接； 初 级精馏器的壳程入口通过溶液泵与吸收器的输出端连接，初级精镏器的壳程出 口与发生-吸收热交换器的壳程输入端连接，次级精镏器的壳程设有海水的入口 和出口。  4. An ammonia water absorption refrigeration device using waste heat of exhaust gas, which is formed by a combination of components such as a fine concentrator, a regenerator, a solution pump, a condenser, an absorber, a generating-absorption heat exchanger, and a stripping device, The utility model is characterized in that: the rectifier is a two-stage rectifier, the primary refiner and the secondary rectifier are connected in series and are both shell-and-tube structures, the rectified gas is taken away, and the cooling medium is taken away. Shell side, the tube outlet of the primary rectifier is in direct communication with the tube inlet of the secondary rectifier; the tube inlet of the primary streamer is connected to the top of the stripper, the regenerator assembly, and the secondary rectification The tube outlet of the tube is connected to the input end of the condenser; the shell inlet of the primary rectifier is connected to the output of the absorber through the solution pump, the shell side outlet of the primary refiner and the shell side of the generating-absorption heat exchanger The input is connected, and the shell side of the secondary concentrator is provided with an inlet and an outlet for seawater.
5、 如权利要求 4所述的制冷装置， 其特征在于： 所述初级精馏器和次级 精馏器， 其管程的列管簇中， 管内壁上设有三维肋片， 管中心没有肋片的空间 填有可阻挡气流的堵塞物， 在其壳程中还装有折流板。  5. The refrigerating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: said primary rectifier and said secondary rectifier have a three-dimensional rib on the inner wall of the tube in the tube cluster of the tube, and the tube center is not The space of the ribs is filled with a blockage that blocks the air flow, and a baffle is also placed in the shell side.
6、 如权利要求 4所述的制冷装置， 其特征在于： 所述初级精馏器和次级 精熘器， 其管程的列管簇采用竖直安装结构。  6. The refrigerating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the primary rectifier and the secondary refiner have a vertical installation structure of the tube clusters of the tube.
PCT/CN2007/002132 2007-02-12 2007-07-12 A finestiller and an ammonia absorption type refrigerating apparatus utilizing waste heat of exhaust WO2008098436A1 (en)

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CN113899110B (en) * 2021-11-15 2023-03-21 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Absorption type cooling and heating combined supply system with intermediate process
CN114234471B (en) * 2021-11-29 2023-06-16 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Absorption type cold and hot combined supply system

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