WO2008098435A1

WO2008098435A1 - An ammonia absorption type refrigerating apparatus utilizing waste heat of exhaust

Info

Publication number: WO2008098435A1
Application number: PCT/CN2007/002131
Authority: WO
Inventors: Qidong Pang; Wenhui Zhang
Original assignee: Qidong Pang; Wenhui Zhang
Priority date: 2007-02-12
Filing date: 2007-07-12
Publication date: 2008-08-21
Also published as: KR20090117796A; JP4783854B2; KR101059514B1; CN100510575C; CN101017037A; JP2010518347A

Abstract

An ammonia absorption type refrigerating apparatus utilizing waste heat of exhaust, which consists of an ammonia solution circulation loop and an ammonia circulation loop, includes a waste heat generator (1), a finestiller (5), a regenerator (3), a solution throttle valve (4), ammonia throttle valves (11, 13), an evaporator (15), a solution pump (9), an absorber (8), a condenser (10), a generation-absorption heat exchanger (7) and an over cooler (12). In the ammonia solution circulation loop, an electric switch valve of the ammonia solution circulation loop (6) is connected in series in the pipeline between the outlet of the regenerator (3) and the top inlet of the generation-absorption heat exchanger (7); in the ammonia circulation loop, an electric switch valve of the ammonia circulation loop (14) is connected in series in the pipeline between the outlet of the condenser (10) and the inlet of the evaporator (15).

Description

Ammonia absorption refrigeration device using waste heat of exhaust gas

The present invention relates to an ammonia water absorption type refrigeration apparatus using waste heat of exhaust gas, and more particularly to an ammonia water absorption type refrigeration apparatus including a system restarting apparatus. Background technique

Ammonia absorption refrigeration is a thermal energy-based refrigeration method that has been widely used before the advent of vapor compression refrigeration. Ammonia absorption refrigeration is characterized by the direct use of thermal energy, which requires only a small amount of auxiliary electrical energy to achieve refrigeration. In addition, ammonia water absorption refrigeration has a wide refrigeration temperature range, which can be used not only in air conditioning conditions, but also in various industrial refrigerations where the cooling temperature is below zero Celsius. Therefore, under the condition of residual heat, the ammonia water absorption type refrigerating device can be used to realize most of the cooling requirements, so that the waste heat can be reused to achieve the purpose of energy saving.

However, due to the low refrigeration coefficient of ammonia water absorption refrigeration, the heat exchange equipment is bulky and has high investment cost, so it is greatly limited in use. For example, for transportation equipment such as automobiles and fishing boats, they all have the need for refrigeration. If they can use the waste heat of their engine exhaust to cool, it is an ideal choice for energy saving. However, for transportation equipment such as automobiles and fishing boats, since the structure of the vehicle is relatively compact and there is not much extra space, it is required to increase the refrigeration coefficient of the absorption refrigeration by installing the ammonia water absorption refrigeration equipment. In order to reduce the installation volume and weight, and to maximize the use of engine exhaust heat energy to achieve the highest cooling power.

The Chinese Patent Publication discloses a patent application file with the publication number CN2842312. The refrigeration device described in the patent application file can realize the refrigeration requirement by utilizing the exhaust heat of the exhaust gas of the engine, has a high refrigeration coefficient, and has a small volume and weight, and can be applied to, for example, Cars, fishing boats and other means of transport.

The ammonia water absorption refrigeration device using waste heat of exhaust gas described in the above patent application includes a waste heat generator, a rectifier, a regenerator, a solution throttle valve, a liquid ammonia throttle valve, an evaporator, a solution pump, a condenser, The absorber, the generating-absorption heat exchanger, the stripper and the regenerator are respectively configured to form a circulation loop of the aqueous ammonia solution and a circulation loop of ammonia through the matching connection. In the device In the ammonia aqueous circulation circuit, the aqueous ammonia solution from the regenerator enters the upper portion of the tube of the generation-absorption heat exchanger through the solution throttle valve; and in the ammonia circulation circuit of the device, it is condensed by the condenser after rectification. The liquid ammonia enters the liquid ammonia channel of the regenerator through a liquid ammonia throttle valve, and then enters the evaporator through the secondary liquid ammonia throttle valve. The flow of such a liquid is actually the flow of the working medium from the high pressure part of the system to the low pressure part, which is the result of the operation of the refrigeration system under the action of thermal energy.

However, when the above-mentioned ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using waste heat of exhaust gas is actually used for a type of transportation vehicle such as a fishing boat, since the engine of the fishing boat often stops due to the operation of the operation, or the refrigeration unit malfunctions, causing an emergency shutdown of the refrigeration apparatus. As a result, the cycle of the system is interrupted, but at this time, the working fluid of the high-pressure part of the system will continue to flow into the low-pressure part, causing excessive changes in the concentration of the local ammonia solution and accumulating a large amount of the ammonia solution in the low-pressure zone of the system. In this way, the next startup of the refrigeration system will be difficult, and even the refrigeration unit will not work properly. Summary of the invention

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using waste heat of exhaust gas, and more particularly to an ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using waste heat of exhaust gas including a system restarting apparatus. The ammonia water absorption refrigerating device can adapt to the interruption of the refrigeration system due to the frequent emergency stop of the fishing boat, and the refrigeration system needs to be restarted frequently, and these restarts will not affect the normal operation of the refrigeration device.

The invention provides an ammonia water absorption type refrigerating device using waste heat of exhaust gas, which comprises a waste heat generator 1, a rectifier 5, a regenerator 3, a solution throttle valve 4, ammonia throttle valves 11 and 13, and an evaporator 15 a solution pump 9, an absorber 8, a condenser 10, a generating-absorption heat exchanger 7 and a chiller 12, wherein the generating-absorption heat exchanger 7 comprises a tube and a shell, the chiller 12 includes a liquid ammonia input end, a liquid ammonia output end, an ammonia gas input end, and an ammonia gas output end;

The refrigeration device includes the following circuits:

a) Ammonia aqueous solution circulation loop, including waste heat generator 1 shell side, regenerator 3, solution throttle valve 4, generation-absorption heat exchanger 7 tube process, absorber 8, solution pump 9, rectifier 5 a combination of a heat transfer heat exchanger 7 shell side, a stripper 2 - a regenerator 3 assembly, and a residual heat generator 1 shell circuit connected in sequence, b) ammonia circulation loop, which comprises a waste heat generator 1 shell side, a stripper 2-regenerator 3 assembly, a rectifier 5, a condenser 10, an ammonia pre-stage throttle valve 11, and a regenerator 12 liquid Ammonia input end, regenerator 12 liquid ammonia output end, ammonia post stage throttle valve 13, evaporator 15, regenerator 12 ammonia input end, regenerator 12 ammonia output end, generating-absorption heat exchanger 7 Shell side, generation-absorption heat exchanger 7 tube process, absorber 8, solution pump 9, rectifier 5, generation-absorption heat exchanger 7 shell side, stacker 2 - regenerator 3 combination, residual heat generation The circuit of the shell 1 is connected in sequence;

Wherein, in the connecting pipe between the output end of the regenerator 3 and the top input end of the generating-absorption heat exchanger 7 in the aqueous ammonia circulation circuit, an ammonia aqueous circulation circuit electric switching valve 6 is also connected in series; An ammonia circulation circuit electric switching valve 14 is also connected in series in the connecting pipe between the output end of the condenser 11 and the input end of the evaporator 15 in the ammonia circulation circuit.

The ammonia aqueous circulation circuit electric switching valve 6 and the ammonia circulation circuit electric switching valve 14 can be opened with the opening of the refrigeration device of the present invention and closed with the closing of the refrigeration device.

Specifically, the ammonia aqueous circulation circuit electric switch valve 6 is installed in series in the front pipe of the solution throttle valve 4 or in the rear pipe; the ammonia circulation circuit electric switch valve 14 is installed in series in the ammonia pre-stage throttle In the duct in front of the valve 11, or in the duct between the ammonia pre-stage throttle valve 11 and the ammonia post-stage throttle 13 or in the rear duct of the ammonia post-stage throttle valve 13.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following remarkable effects: Since the ammonia aqueous solution circulation circuit electric switching valve 6 is added to the corresponding pipeline on the ammonia aqueous solution circulation circuit in the existing ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using exhaust heat of exhaust gas An ammonia circulation circuit electric on-off valve 14 is added to the corresponding pipeline on the ammonia circulation circuit of the refrigeration device. When the refrigeration device is stopped, the two electric on-off valves 6 and 14 are automatically closed, and the high-voltage portion of the refrigeration system is Separated from the low pressure portion, the concentration of the two portions of the solution and the amount of the solution are substantially maintained. When the refrigerating device is started again, the above two electric shut-off valves 6, 14 are simultaneously opened, and the refrigeration system can resume the normal cycle in a short time, so that the refrigerating device can adapt to the working condition under the operating conditions of the fishing boat.

The present invention is mainly applied to an ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using waste heat of a tail gas on a fishing boat, and is also applicable to a similar refrigerating apparatus utilizing residual heat of engine exhaust gas. DRAWINGS

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using waste heat of exhaust gas according to the present invention; Figure.

Among them, the main symbols are as follows:

1: residual heat generator

2: Stripper

3: Regenerator

4: Solution throttle

5: Fine instrument

6: Ammonia solution circulating circuit electric on-off valve

7: Occurrence-absorption heat exchanger

8: absorber

9: solution pump

10: condenser

11: Ammonia pre-stage throttle

12: Recooler

13: Ammonia after-stage throttle

14: Ammonia circulation circuit electric on-off valve

15: evaporator

16: Send cold terminal

17: tray

18: Exhaust gas import

19: Exhaust gas outlets

The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the embodiments and the drawings are only for the purpose of facilitating the understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus which utilizes exhaust heat of exhaust gas and which is directly heated by engine exhaust gas and has a high refrigeration coefficient.

The technical solution proposed by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: an ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus using waste heat of exhaust gas, which comprises a waste heat generator 1, a fine smasher 5, a regenerator 3, and a solution throttling Valve 4, ammonia throttle valves 11 and 13, evaporator 15, solution pump 9, absorption And a condenser 10, a generating-absorption heat exchanger 7, and a chiller 12, wherein the generating-absorption heat exchanger 7 comprises a tube and a shell, and the chiller 12 comprises a liquid ammonia input The liquid ammonia output end and the ammonia gas input end and the ammonia gas output end; the refrigeration device comprises the following circuit: a) an ammonia aqueous solution circulation circuit, which comprises a waste heat generator 1 shell side, a regenerator 3, and a solution throttling Valve 4, generation-absorption heat exchanger 7 tube process, absorber 8, solution pump 9, rectifier 5, generation-absorption heat exchanger 7 shell side, stripper 2 - regenerator 3 combination, residual heat generation The circuit of the shell 1 is connected in sequence, b) the ammonia circulation loop, which comprises the shell side of the residual heat generator 1 , the stacker 2 of the extractor 2, the regenerator 3, the rectifier 5, the condenser 10, the ammonia pre-stage Throttle valve 11, regenerator 12 liquid ammonia input end, regenerator 12 liquid ammonia output end, ammonia post-stage throttle valve 13, evaporator 15, regenerator 12 ammonia input end, regenerator 12 ammonia Output, occurrence-absorption heat exchanger 7 shell side, generation-absorption heat exchanger 7 tube process, absorber 8, solution pump 9, rectifier 5. The circuit of the occurrence-absorption heat exchanger 7 shell side, the extractor 2-regenerator 3 assembly, and the residual heat generator 1 shell side are sequentially connected; wherein, the regenerator in the ammonia aqueous solution circulation loop The connecting pipe between the output end and the top end of the absorption-absorption heat exchanger 7 is also connected in series with an ammonia aqueous circulation circuit electric switching valve 6; the output of the condenser 11 in the ammonia circulation circuit and the evaporator 15 An ammonia circulation circuit electric switching valve 14 is also connected in series in the connecting pipe between the input ends. The ammonia aqueous circulation circuit electric switching valve 6 and the ammonia circulation circuit electric switching valve 14 can be opened with the opening of the refrigeration device of the present invention and closed with the closing of the refrigeration device.

The working flow of the present invention is as follows - the high-temperature ammonia water dilute solution from the shell solution solution outlet of the waste heat generator 1 enters the regenerator 3, and exchanges heat with the lower temperature ammonia water concentrated solution sent back to the waste heat generator 1, after the temperature is lowered From the regenerator 3, through the solution throttle valve 4 into the upper portion of the tube of the generation-absorption heat exchanger 7, to absorb and exchange ammonia, and then from the bottom of the tube of the generation-absorption heat exchanger 7, into the absorption The device 8 further absorbs ammonia and simultaneously dissipates the heat generated by the absorption; the concentrated solution of ammonia water from the absorber 8 enters the solution pump 9, is sent by the solution pump 9 to the solution channel of the rectifier 5, and from the residual heat The ammonia-mixed steam of the generator 1 is subjected to heat exchange, and the water is condensed and precipitated on the outer surface of the solution passage of the rectifier 5 during the distillation, and the heat is released, and the heat is transferred to the solution in the spiral coil, and the solution after the heat absorption is re-entered. The shell side of the absorption-absorption heat exchanger 7 further absorbs the heat released by the tube-forming dilute solution in the absorption-absorption heat exchanger 7 and then enters the combination of the stripper 2 and the regenerator 3, where Further absorb heat, and finally enter the rest Heat generator 1, completes the ammonia solution circulation loop;

The ammonia-mixed steam from the shell side of the waste heat generator 1 enters the stripper 2-regenerator 3 combination through the vapor-liquid inlet and outlet, and then enters the rectifier 5 to separate the water in the mixed steam, and the high after rectification The purity ammonia gas enters the condenser 10, and is condensed into liquid ammonia through heat dissipation. The liquid ammonia enters the liquid ammonia channel of the regenerator 12 through the ammonia pre-stage throttle valve 11 for heat exchange, and then enters through the ammonia post-stage throttle valve 13 The evaporator 15, the ammonia vapor from the evaporator 15 enters the ammonia vapor passage of the regenerator 12 for heat exchange, and then enters the bottom of the shell-side of the heat-generating heat exchanger 7 and the absorber 8 after being exchanged, and is absorbed by the ammonia solution. . Here, the ammonia is incorporated into the above-mentioned ammonia aqueous solution circulation loop, and finally enters the residual heat generator 1, thereby completing the ammonia circulation loop;

In the above ammonia aqueous solution circulation circuit, an ammonia aqueous solution circulation circuit electric switching valve 6 is disposed in the pipeline before the solution throttle valve 4 and before entering the absorption-absorption heat exchanger 7, and the ammonia aqueous solution circulation circuit electric switching valve 6 can be With the opening of the refrigeration device of the present invention, it can also be turned off according to the closing of the refrigeration device of the present invention;

In the above ammonia circulation circuit, an ammonia circulation circuit electric switch pottery 14 is disposed in the pipeline downstream of the ammonia post-stage throttle valve 13 and before entering the evaporator 15, and the ammonia circulation loop electric switch valve 14 can be used in the refrigerating apparatus of the present invention. The opening and opening can also be closed with the closing of the refrigeration device of the present invention.

In the refrigerating apparatus of the present invention, the regenerator 12 is of a sleeve type structure, and three-dimensional fins are processed on the heat exchange surface of the inner tube to further enhance the recycling of the cold amount. The low temperature ammonia vapor from the evaporator 15 exchanges heat with the liquid ammonia from the condenser 10 in the casing.

As shown in Fig. 1, the regenerator 3 and the stripper 2 are of an integrated structure. The stripper 2 is composed of a plurality of trays 17 and an outer cylindrical tank. The trays 17 are perpendicular to the axis of the outer cylindrical tank and are arranged in parallel at a certain interval in the axial direction. The circumference of the tray 17 and the inner wall of the outer cylindrical tank Close contact. The regenerator 3 is a spiral coil that is coiled between the layers of the tray 17 and the layers. The shape of the tray 17 is rounded, and the notch of each tray 17 constitutes an ascending passage of ammonia-mixed steam. The tray 17 is machined with a groove, and the position of the groove is matched with the regenerator spiral coil, which facilitates the solution flow on the tray 17 on the spiral coil to exchange heat with the solution in the spiral coil. The integrated structure is characterized in that the solution flowing back to the residual heat generator 1 is not only regenerated with the high temperature solution leaving the waste heat generator 1, but also regenerated with the high temperature ammonia mixed steam leaving the waste heat generator 11. Therefore, a better heat recovery effect can be achieved, which is beneficial to the improvement of the thermal coefficient of the device. The occurrence-absorption heat exchanger 7 is a shell-and-tube type structure, the occurrence-absorption heat exchanger 7 is placed vertically, and the ammonia solution from the solution throttle valve 4 is taken away from the top of the tube through the liquid distributor by its own weight. The inner walls of each of the tubes flow down and then enter the absorber 8 from the bottom outlet. The solution from the rectifier 5 goes to the stripper 2 from the bottom to the top. Since the ammonia solution of the tube process absorbs ammonia gas, heat is generated, and the heat is taken away by the ammonia solution of the shell side. The column tube is machined with a thread groove on the inner and outer walls to strengthen the tube solution and the shell side solution. Heat exchange between.

In order to cooperate with the utilization of waste heat of the exhaust gas, the waste heat generator 1 of the absorption refrigeration device is a relatively independent structure, and the waste heat generator 1 adopts a shell-and-tube structure, which is composed of a cylindrical tank body and a set of tubes. The exhaust gas generated by the engine is taken from the exhaust gas inlet 18 and discharged from the exhaust gas outlet 19. The ammonia solution leaves the shell side of the residual heat generator 1. The waste heat generator 1 is connected to the stripper 2 through a pipe, and the ammonia-mixed steam leaving the waste heat generator 1 and the ammonia solution flowing back to the waste heat generator 1 flow through the connecting pipe. The inner and outer walls of the tube in the residual heat generator 1 are machined with thread grooves to facilitate heat exchange between the engine exhaust and the ammonia solution.

The evaporator 15 is composed of a bundle of tubes and a casing which are closely arranged by a plurality of tubes, and the refrigerant takes the tube and the coolant carries the shell. The tube and the outer casing are bent into a certain shape along the length direction so as to reasonably arrange the installation space. The brine is circulated between the evaporator 15 and the cooling terminal 16 under the driving of a brine pump (not shown). The surface of the tube is machined with grooves to facilitate heat exchange between the brine and the refrigerant.

In another embodiment of the present invention, in the aqueous ammonia circulation circuit, the ammonia aqueous circulation circuit electric switching valve 6 is disposed between the upstream of the solution throttle valve 4 and the regenerator 3 instead of being disposed in the solution section. Downstream of the flow valve 4. The ammonia aqueous circulation circuit electric switching valve 6 can be opened with the opening of the refrigeration device of the present invention, or can be closed with the closing of the refrigeration device of the present invention. This embodiment can also achieve the technical effects of the present invention.

In another embodiment of the present invention, in the ammonia circulation circuit, the ammonia circulation circuit electric switching valve 14 is disposed between the downstream of the condenser 10 and the ammonia pre-stage throttle valve 11, the ammonia circulation circuit electric on-off valve 14 may be opened with the opening of the refrigeration unit of the present invention, or may be closed with the closing of the refrigeration unit of the present invention. This embodiment can also achieve the technical effects of the present invention.

In another embodiment of the present invention, in the ammonia circulation circuit, the ammonia circulation circuit electric switching valve 14 is disposed between the downstream of the ammonia pre-stage throttle valve 11 and the regenerator 12, the ammonia circulation circuit electric on-off valve 14 can be opened with the opening of the refrigeration device of the present invention, and can also be cooled with the invention The device is turned off and turned off. This embodiment can also achieve the technical effects of the present invention. In another embodiment of the present invention, in the ammonia circulation circuit, the ammonia circulation circuit electric switching valve 14 is disposed between the upstream of the ammonia after-stage throttle valve 13 and the regenerator 12, and the ammonia circulation circuit is electrically operated. The shut-off valve 14 can be opened with the opening of the refrigeration unit of the present invention, or can be closed with the closing of the refrigeration unit of the present invention. This embodiment can also achieve the technical effects of the present invention.

By implementing the present invention, it is possible to smoothly solve the prior art ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus utilizing waste heat of exhaust gas when actually used for a type of transportation vehicle such as a fishing boat, because the engine of the fishing boat often stops due to the operation, or the refrigeration apparatus A failure occurs, causing an emergency shutdown of the refrigeration device and causing a cycle interruption of the system, which in turn causes difficulty in the next startup of the refrigeration system, and even causes the refrigeration device to malfunction.

Claims

Claim

1. An ammonia water absorption refrigeration device using waste heat of exhaust gas, comprising a waste heat generator, a rectifier, a regenerator, a solution throttle valve, an ammonia throttle valve, an evaporator, a solution pump, an absorber, a condenser, An occurrence-absorption heat exchanger and a regenerator, wherein the occurrence-absorption heat exchanger comprises a tube process and a shell side, and the regenerator comprises a liquid ammonia input end, a liquid ammonia output end, and an ammonia gas input end, Ammonia output; the refrigeration device comprises the following circuit:

a) Ammonia solution circulation loop, which consists of shell side including waste heat generator, regenerator, solution throttle valve, tube process of generator-absorption heat exchanger, absorber, solution pump, rectifier, generation-absorption heat The shell side of the exchanger, the combination of the stripper-regenerator, and the loop of the residual heat generator are sequentially connected,

b) an ammonia circulation loop consisting of a shell side comprising a waste heat generator, a combination of a stripper-regenerator, a rectifier, a condenser, an ammonia pre-stage throttle, a liquid ammonia input of a regenerator, The liquid ammonia output end of the regenerator, the ammonia rear stage throttle valve, the ammonia input end of the evaporator and the regenerator, the ammonia output end of the regenerator, the shell side of the generating-absorption heat exchanger, and the occurrence-absorption a tube of a heat exchanger, an absorber, a solution pump, a rectifier, a shell side of the generating-absorption heat exchanger, a combination of a stripper-regenerator, and a circuit in which a shell side of the residual heat generator is sequentially connected;

The utility model is characterized in that an ammonia aqueous circulation circuit electric switch valve is connected in series in a connecting pipe between an output end of the regenerator in the ammonia aqueous circulation circuit and a top input end of the generating-absorption heat exchanger; An ammonia circulation circuit electric on-off valve is connected in series in the connecting pipe between the output end of the condenser in the ammonia circulation circuit and the input end of the evaporator.

The ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said ammonia aqueous circulation circuit electric switching valve and ammonia circulation circuit electric switching valve are openable with opening of said refrigeration device, and The refrigeration device is closed and closed.

The ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ammonia aqueous circulation circuit electric switching valve is installed in series in a front pipe or a rear pipe of the solution throttle valve.

The ammonia water absorption type refrigerating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ammonia circulation circuit electric switching valve is installed in series in a front duct of the ammonia pre-stage throttle valve, or Installed in the pipe between the ammonia pre-stage throttle valve and the ammonia post-stage throttle valve, or installed in the rear pipe of the ammonia post-stage throttle valve.