JP2010518347A - Ammonia absorption refrigeration system using residual heat of exhaust gas - Google Patents

Abstract

An ammonia absorption refrigeration apparatus that uses the residual heat of exhaust gas, including a residual heat generator 1, a rectifier 5, a reheater 3, a solution throttle valve 4, ammonia throttle valves 11, 13, and an evaporator 15. , A solution pump 9, an absorber 8, a condenser 10, a generation / absorption heat exchanger 7, and a recooler 12, wherein the refrigeration apparatus includes an ammonia solution circulation circuit and an ammonia circulation circuit, and the ammonia An electric on-off valve 6 of the ammonia solution circulation circuit is arranged in series with a connection pipe line between the outlet of the reheater 3 and the top inlet of the generation / absorption heat exchanger 7 in the solution circulation circuit, and the ammonia circulation circuit. The electric on-off valve 14 of the ammonia circulation circuit is connected in series to the connection line between the outlet of the condenser 10 and the inlet of the evaporator 15 in FIG. There.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an ammonia absorption refrigeration apparatus that uses residual heat of exhaust gas, and more particularly to an ammonia absorption refrigeration apparatus that includes a system restart device.

  Ammonia absorption refrigeration is a refrigeration method that uses thermal energy as a power source, and was widely used before the emergence of vapor compression refrigeration. The ammonia absorption refrigeration is characterized in that refrigeration can be realized by directly using thermal energy as a power source and using only a small amount of auxiliary electric energy. In addition, the ammonia absorption refrigeration has a wide range of refrigeration temperatures and can be used not only when the air conditioner is operating, but also for various industrial refrigerations where the refrigeration temperature is less than zero degrees Celsius. Therefore, when there is residual heat, by using the ammonia absorption refrigeration apparatus, it is possible to satisfy the majority of refrigeration requirements, recycle waste heat, and achieve the purpose of energy saving.

  However, since the refrigeration coefficient (the number of cooling systems) of the ammonia absorption refrigeration is low, the volume of the heat exchange device is increased and the cost is increased. For example, transportation facilities such as automobiles and fishing boats themselves have a demand for refrigeration, and it is a very ideal energy saving method to use the residual heat of the exhaust gas of their engines for refrigeration. However, transportation facilities such as automobiles and fishing boats are relatively compact in their own structure and do not have much room. Therefore, in order to attach the ammonia absorption refrigeration equipment to the transportation equipment as described above, it is necessary to improve the refrigeration coefficient of the absorption refrigeration, thereby reducing the volume and weight for mounting and reducing the exhaust gas of the engine. The maximum refrigeration power is obtained by fully utilizing the energy of the remaining heat.

  The ammonia absorption refrigeration system described in China Patent Application Publication Number CN2842312 (Patent Document 1) can realize refrigeration by utilizing the residual heat of the exhaust gas of the engine, has a high refrigeration coefficient, and has a small volume and weight. It can be used for transportation tools such as automobiles and fishing boats.

  The refrigeration apparatus described in Patent Document 1 includes a residual heat generator, a rectifier, a reheater (reheater), a solution throttle valve, an ammonia liquid throttle valve, an evaporator, a solution pump, a condenser, , An absorber, a generation / absorption heat exchanger, a distiller, and a recooler (cooler) are connected to form an ammonia solution circulation circuit and an ammonia circulation circuit, respectively. In the ammonia solution circulation circuit in the apparatus, the ammonia solution from the reheater enters the upper part of the pipe of the generation / absorption heat exchanger through the solution throttle valve, and after rectification in the ammonia circulation circuit of the apparatus, it is condensed by the condenser. The ammonia solution thus entered enters the ammonia solution passage of the recooler through the primary ammonia solution throttle valve, performs heat exchange, and then enters the evaporator via the secondary ammonia solution throttle valve. Such a flow of liquid actually includes the flow of refrigerant from the high pressure portion of the system into the low pressure portion, which is due to the operation of the refrigeration system using the action of thermal energy.

  However, when this ammonia absorption refrigeration system that uses the residual heat of exhaust gas is actually used for transportation equipment such as fishing boats, the emergency of the refrigeration system due to engine shutdown or refrigeration system failure according to the operation of the fishing boat When an outage occurs, this emergency stop causes disruption of the system circulation. On the other hand, in such an emergency stop, the refrigerant in the high pressure portion of the system continues to flow into the low pressure portion. As a result, the concentration of the ammonia solution is partially changed suddenly and a large amount of the ammonia solution is accumulated in the low pressure region of the system, which makes it difficult to restart the refrigeration system and prevents the refrigeration apparatus from operating normally. There is a fear.

China Patent Application Publication Number CN2842312

  An object of the present invention is to provide an ammonia absorption refrigeration apparatus that uses the residual heat of exhaust gas, particularly an ammonia absorption refrigeration apparatus that has a system restart device and uses the residual heat of exhaust gas. The ammonia absorption refrigeration system responds to frequent restarts of the refrigeration system, and it is necessary to interrupt the circulation of the refrigeration system due to the emergency stop of the fishing boat engine and to restart the refrigeration system. Restarting does not affect the normal operation of the refrigeration unit.

The present invention relates to a residual heat generator (1), a rectifier (5), a reheater (3), a solution throttle valve (4), ammonia throttle valves (11), (13), and an evaporator (15 ), A solution pump (9), an absorber (8), a condenser (10), a generation / absorption heat exchanger (7) having a tube and an outer shell, an ammonia liquid inlet, an ammonia liquid outlet, and ammonia A recooler (12) with a gas inlet and an ammonia gas outlet;
a) Outline of the residual heat generator (1), reheater (3), solution throttle valve (4), tube of the generation / absorption heat exchanger (7), absorber (8), solution pump (9 ), A rectifier (5), an outline of the generator / absorption heat exchanger (7), a combination of the still (2) / reheater (3), and an outline of the residual heat generator (1) An ammonia solution circulation circuit composed of connected circuits;
b) an outline of the residual heat generator (1), a distiller (2) / reheater (3) combination, a rectifier (5), a condenser (10), an ammonia upstream throttle valve (11), An ammonia liquid inlet of the recooler (12), an ammonia liquid outlet of the recooler (12), a downstream ammonia throttle valve (13), an evaporator (15), an ammonia gas inlet of the recooler (12), and a recooler (12) the outlet of ammonia gas, the outer shell of the generation / absorption heat exchanger (7), the tube of the generation / absorption heat exchanger (7), the absorber (8), the solution pump (9), The rectifier (5), the outer shell of the generation / absorption heat exchanger (7), the combined body of the distiller (2) / reheater (3), and the outer shell of the residual heat generator (1) are sequentially connected. An ammonia circulation circuit composed of a circuit comprising In the ammonia absorption type refrigerating apparatus utilizing waste heat of the gas,
An electric on-off valve (6) of the ammonia solution circulation circuit is connected in series with a connection line between the outlet of the reheater (3) and the top inlet of the generation / absorption heat exchanger (7) in the ammonia solution circulation circuit. In the ammonia circulation circuit, an electric on-off valve (14) of the ammonia circulation circuit is connected in series to a connection line between the outlet of the condenser (11) and the inlet of the evaporator (15). Provided is an ammonia absorption refrigeration apparatus that uses residual heat of exhaust gas.

  The electric open / close valve (6) of the ammonia solution circulation circuit and the electric open / close valve (14) of the ammonia circulation circuit are turned on when the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is started and turned off when the refrigeration apparatus is stopped. It is possible.

  Specifically, the electric on-off valve (6) of the ammonia solution circulation circuit is attached in series to the front pipe line or the rear pipe line of the solution throttle valve (4). The electric open / close valve (14) of the ammonia circulation circuit is a front line of the ammonia upstream throttle valve (11), a pipe line between the ammonia upstream throttle valve (11) and the ammonia downstream throttle valve (13), or the ammonia downstream stage. It is attached directly to the rear line of the throttle valve (13).

  Compared with the prior art, the present invention adds an electric on-off valve (6) of the ammonia solution circulation circuit to a pipe line corresponding to the ammonia solution circulation circuit in the ammonia absorption refrigeration apparatus using the residual heat of the conventional exhaust gas. Since the electric open / close valve (14) of the ammonia circulation circuit is added to the pipe line corresponding to the ammonia circulation circuit of the refrigeration apparatus, when the refrigeration apparatus stops, the two electric open / close valves (6), (14) Are automatically turned off, having the important effect of keeping the concentration and volume of the solution in these two parts, separating the high and low pressure parts of the refrigeration system. Furthermore, when the refrigeration system is restarted, the two electric on-off valves (6) and (14) are turned on simultaneously, and the refrigeration system recovers normal circulation within a short time and the fishing boat operates. Can be applied to the situation.

  The present invention is mainly used for an ammonia absorption refrigeration apparatus that uses the residual heat of exhaust gas for fishing boats, and is also used for a refrigeration apparatus that uses the residual heat of similar engine exhaust gas.

It is a schematic diagram which shows the structure and flow of an ammonia absorption refrigerating apparatus using the residual heat of the exhaust gas of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of specific examples with reference to the drawings. However, these examples and drawings do not limit the present invention, but are used only for explanation to understand the present invention.

  In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides an ammonia absorption refrigerating apparatus that directly heats using exhaust gas of an engine and uses the residual heat of exhaust gas having a high refrigeration coefficient.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above technical problem. In the embodiment of the present invention, the ammonia absorption refrigeration apparatus using the residual heat of the exhaust gas includes a residual heat generator 1 and a rectifier. 5, reheater 3, solution throttle valve 4, ammonia throttle valves 11 and 13, evaporator 15, solution pump 9, absorber 8, condenser 10, tube / outlet heat generation / absorption heat exchange And a recooler 12 including an ammonia liquid inlet, an ammonia liquid outlet, an ammonia gas inlet, and an ammonia gas outlet. The refrigerating apparatus includes: a) an outline of the residual heat generator 1, a reheater 3, Solution throttle valve 4, tube of generation / absorption heat exchanger 7, absorber 8, solution pump 9, rectifier 5, outline of generation / absorption heat exchanger 7, distiller 2 / reheater 3 Conjugate of , An ammonia solution circulation circuit composed of a circuit formed by sequentially connecting the outer shell of the residual heat generator 1, b) a combined outer shell of the residual heat generator 1, a distiller 2 / reheater 3, and a rectifier 5. A condenser 10, an ammonia upstream throttle valve 11, an ammonia liquid inlet of the recooler 12, an ammonia liquid outlet of the recooler 12, an ammonia downstream throttle valve 13, an evaporator 15, and an ammonia gas inlet of the recooler 12. The outlet of the ammonia gas of the recooler 12, the outline of the generation / absorption heat exchanger 7, the pipe of the generation / absorption heat exchanger 7, the absorber 8, the solution pump 9, the rectifier 5, and the generation / Ammonia circulation circuit comprising a circuit formed by sequentially connecting the outer shell of the absorption heat exchanger 7, the combination of the still 2 / reheater 3, and the outer shell of the residual heat generator 1, In the ammonia solution circulation circuit, an electric on-off valve 6 of the ammonia solution circulation circuit is arranged in series with a connection line between the outlet of the reheater 3 and the inlet at the top of the generation / absorption heat exchanger 7, and the ammonia circulation circuit An electric on-off valve 14 of the ammonia circulation circuit is connected in series to a connection line between the outlet of the condenser 11 and the inlet of the evaporator 15. The electric on-off valve 6 of the ammonia solution circulation circuit and the electric on-off valve 14 of the ammonia circulation circuit are turned on when the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is started and turned off when the refrigeration apparatus is stopped.

The flow of operation in the present invention is shown below.
A high-concentration ammonia low-concentration solution enters the reheater 3 from the outer liquid outlet of the residual heat generator 1 and exchanges heat with a relatively low-temperature high-concentration ammonia solution returned to the residual heat generator 1. Then, the low-concentration ammonia low-temperature solution exits from the reheater 3 and enters the upper part of the tube of the generation / absorption heat exchanger 7 through the solution throttle valve 4 to absorb and heat exchange ammonia. Then, it exits from the bottom of the tube of the generation / absorption heat exchanger 7 and enters the absorber 8, further absorbs ammonia and releases heat by absorption. The high-concentration ammonia solution that has come out of the absorber 8 enters the solution pump 9 and is sent to the solution passage of the rectifier 5 by the solution pump 9, where the mixed vapor and heat of ammonia / water from the residual heat generator 1 Exchange. In the rectification process, moisture condenses and deposits on the outer surface of the solution passage of the rectifier 5, releases heat, and these heat is transferred to the solution in the spiral pipe. The endothermic solution again enters the outer wall of the generation / absorption heat exchanger 7 and further absorbs the heat released when the low concentration solution in the tube of the generation / absorption heat exchanger 7 absorbs ammonia gas. / Enters the reheater 3 combination where it further absorbs heat and finally enters the residual heat generator 1. This completes the ammonia solution circulation circuit.

  The mixed steam of ammonia and water from the outer shell of the residual heat generator 1 flows into the combination of the distiller 2 / reheater 3 through the gas / liquid inlet / outlet, and then enters the rectifier 5 to separate the moisture of the mixed steam, The rectified high-purity ammonia gas enters the capacitor 10, dissipates heat and condenses into an ammonia liquid. Then, the ammonia liquid enters the ammonia liquid passage of the recooler 12 via the ammonia pre-stage throttle valve 11 to exchange heat, and then enters the evaporator 15 via the ammonia post-stage throttle valve 13. The ammonia vapor coming out of the evaporator 15 enters the ammonia vapor passage of the recooler 12 to perform heat exchange. After heat exchange, the ammonia vapor enters the bottom of the outer shell of the generation / absorption heat exchanger 7 and the absorber 8, and is supplied with the ammonia solution. To be absorbed. Here, ammonia is taken into the ammonia solution circulation circuit and finally enters the residual heat generator 1, thereby completing the ammonia circulation circuit.

  In the above ammonia solution circulation circuit, the electric open / close valve 6 of the ammonia solution circulation circuit is provided in a pipe line downstream of the solution throttle valve 4 and before entering the generation / absorption heat exchanger 7. In the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention, the electric on-off valve 6 of the ammonia solution circulation circuit can be turned on when the refrigeration apparatus is started, and can be turned off when the refrigeration apparatus is stopped.

  In the above-described ammonia circulation circuit, an electric on-off valve 14 of the ammonia circulation circuit is provided in a pipe line downstream of the ammonia post-stage throttle valve 13 and before entering the evaporator 15. In the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention, the electric on-off valve 14 of the ammonia circulation circuit can be turned on when the refrigeration apparatus is started, and can be turned off when the refrigeration apparatus is stopped.

  In the refrigerating apparatus of the present invention, the recooler 12 employs a cannula structure, and the three-dimensional fins are processed on the heat exchange surface of the inner tube, so that the reuse of the cooling amount is further enhanced. Furthermore, heat exchange between the low-temperature ammonia vapor from the evaporator 15 and the ammonia liquid from the condenser 10 is performed in the cannula.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the reheater 3 and the distiller 2 are integrated. The distiller 2 has a number of tower trays 17 and a cylindrical tank. The tower tray 17 is orthogonal to the axis of the cylindrical tank and is arranged in parallel with a certain interval in the axial direction. The periphery and the inner wall of the cylindrical tank are in intimate contact. The reheater 3 is a spiral pipe and is wound between the layers of the tower tray 17. The tower tray 17 has a shape having a notch, and the notched portion of each tower tray 17 becomes an ascending passage for the mixed steam of ammonia and water. Further, since the groove is processed in the tower tray 17 and the position of the groove matches the spiral pipe of the reheater, the solution on the tower tray 17 flows on the spiral pipe and exchanges heat with the solution in the spiral pipe. It is advantageous. Such an integrated structure is characterized in that the solution returned to the residual heat generator 1 not only exchanges heat with the high temperature solution flowing out of the residual heat generator 1 but also the high temperature of the residual heat generator 1. Since heat exchange is also performed with the mixed steam of ammonia and water, a better regeneration effect can be obtained and the thermodynamic system number (thermodynamic system number) of the present apparatus can be improved.

  The generation / absorption heat exchanger 7 has a structure having an outer shell and a tube, and is installed vertically. Ammonia solution from the solution throttle valve 4 flows through the pipe, flows downwards uniformly along the inner wall of each pipe row by its own weight from the top of the pipe row through the liquid distributor, and from the outlet at the bottom. The absorber 8 is entered. The solution from the rectifier 5 flows along the outline. That is, the solution enters under the heat exchanger 7, exits from the top of the heat exchanger 7, and enters the still 2. Heat is generated when the ammonia solution in the tube absorbs the ammonia gas, and this heat is absorbed by the ammonia solution in the outer shell. The tube rows are threaded on the inner and outer walls, which enhance the heat exchange between the tube solution and the shell solution.

  In order to use the residual heat of the exhaust gas, the residual heat generator 1 of the absorption refrigeration apparatus has a relatively independent structure, and the residual heat generator 1 has a structure having an outer shell and a tube, and includes a cylindrical tank and a group of tube rows. Consists of Exhaust gas from the engine passes through the pipe, that is, enters from the exhaust gas inlet 18 and exhausts from the exhaust gas outlet 19. The ammonia solution passes through the outline of the residual heat generator 1. A connecting pipe in which the residual heat generator 1 is connected to the distiller 2 via a pipe line, and the mixed ammonia / water vapor from the residual heat generator 1 and the ammonia solution returned to the residual heat generator 1 are formed as described above. Flowing through the road. In order to promote heat exchange between the exhaust gas of the engine and the ammonia solution, thread grooves are formed in the inner and outer walls of the tube row in the residual heat generator 1.

  The evaporator 15 is composed of a bundle of tube rows and an outer shell formed by tightly bundling several tube rows. Refrigerant passes through the tube and brine passes through the shell. The tube row and the outer shell are bent into a predetermined shape along the longitudinal direction as necessary so as to be arranged in a balanced manner in the mounting space. The brine is circulated between the evaporator 15 and the cooling terminal 16 by driving a brine pump (not shown). The tube row is grooved on the surface so that heat exchange between the brine and the refrigerant is performed well.

  In another embodiment of the present invention, in the ammonia solution circulation circuit, the electric on-off valve 6 of the ammonia solution circulation circuit is provided not between the solution throttle valve 4 but between the upstream of the solution throttle valve 4 and the reheater 3. It is done. The electric on-off valve 6 of the ammonia solution circulation circuit can be turned on when the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is started, and can be turned off when the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is stopped. In this embodiment, the same technical effect as the present invention can be obtained.

  In still another embodiment of the present invention, the ammonia circulation circuit is provided with an electric on-off valve 14 of the ammonia circulation circuit between the downstream of the condenser 10 and the ammonia upstream throttle valve 11. The electric on-off valve 14 of the ammonia circulation circuit can be turned on when the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is started, and can be turned off when the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is stopped. In this embodiment, the same technical effect as the present invention can be obtained.

  In still another embodiment of the present invention, the ammonia circulation circuit is provided with an electric on-off valve 14 of the ammonia circulation circuit between the downstream of the ammonia pre-stage throttle valve 11 and the recooler 12. The electric on-off valve 14 of the ammonia circulation circuit can be turned on when the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is started, and can be turned off when the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is stopped. In this embodiment, the same technical effect as the present invention can be obtained.

  In still another embodiment of the present invention, the ammonia circulation circuit is provided with an electric on-off valve 14 of the ammonia circulation circuit between the upstream side of the ammonia post-stage throttle valve 13 and the recooler 12. The electric on-off valve 14 of the ammonia circulation circuit can be turned on when the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is started, and can be turned off when the refrigeration apparatus of the present invention is stopped. In this embodiment, the same technical effect as the present invention can be obtained.

  When the ammonia absorption refrigeration system using the residual heat of the exhaust gas in the prior art is actually used as a transporting device such as a fishing boat, the refrigeration system is stopped due to the engine stop or the refrigeration device failure according to the operation of the fishing boat. The implementation of the present invention solves the problem that when an emergency stop occurs, the emergency stop causes interruption of the circulation of the system, further makes it difficult to restart the refrigeration system and makes the refrigeration apparatus malfunction.

1 Remaining heat generator 2 Capacitor 3 Reheater (Regenerator)
4 Solution throttle valve 5 Rectifier 6 Electric open / close valve of ammonia solution circulation circuit 7 Generation / absorption heat exchanger 8 Absorber 9 Solution pump 10 Capacitor 11 Ammonia upstream throttle valve 12 Recooler (cooler)
13 Ammonia post-stage throttle valve 14 Electric on-off valve 15 of the ammonia circulation circuit Evaporator 16 Cooling terminal 17 Tower tray 18 Exhaust gas inlet 19 Exhaust gas outlet

Claims (4)

Residual heat generator, rectifier, reheater (regenerator), solution throttle valve, ammonia throttle valve, evaporator, solution pump, absorber, condenser, tube and shell An absorption heat exchanger, an ammonia liquid inlet and an ammonia liquid outlet, and a recooler (cooler) including an ammonia gas inlet and an ammonia gas outlet,
a) Residual heat generator shell, reheater, solution throttle valve, generator / absorption heat exchanger tube, absorber, solution pump, rectifier, generator / absorption heat exchanger shell, An ammonia solution circulation circuit composed of a circuit formed by sequentially connecting a distiller / reheater combination and an outline of a residual heat generator;
b) Outer heat generator shell, distiller / reheater combination, rectifier, condenser, ammonia pre-stage throttle valve, recooler ammonia liquid inlet, recooler ammonia liquid outlet, and ammonia post stage Throttle valve, evaporator, recooler ammonia gas inlet, recooler ammonia gas outlet, generating / absorbing heat exchanger tube, generating / absorbing heat exchanger tube, absorber, solution pump A rectifier, a generator / absorption heat exchanger shell, a distiller / reheater combination, and an ammonia circulation circuit composed of a circuit formed by sequentially connecting a residual heat generator shell;
In the ammonia absorption refrigeration system using the residual heat of the exhaust gas with
An electric on-off valve of the ammonia solution circulation circuit is arranged to be connected in series to a connection line between the outlet of the reheater in the ammonia solution circulation circuit and the inlet at the top of the generation / absorption heat exchanger. An ammonia absorption refrigeration apparatus using residual heat of exhaust gas, wherein an electric on-off valve of an ammonia circulation circuit is connected in series to a connection line between an outlet of a condenser and an inlet of an evaporator .   The electric open / close valve of the ammonia solution circulation circuit and the electric open / close valve of the ammonia circulation circuit can be turned on when the refrigeration apparatus is started, and can be turned off when the refrigeration apparatus is stopped. The ammonia absorption refrigeration apparatus according to claim 1.   The ammonia absorption refrigerating apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an electric on-off valve of the ammonia solution circulation circuit is attached in series to a front pipe line or a rear pipe line of the solution throttle valve.   An electric on-off valve of the ammonia circulation circuit is attached in series to the front line of the ammonia pre-stage throttle valve, the pipe line between the ammonia pre-stage throttle valve and the ammonia post-stage throttle valve, or the rear pipe line of the ammonia post-stage throttle valve. The ammonia absorption refrigerating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the ammonia absorption refrigerating apparatus is provided.

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