WO2008089968A1

WO2008089968A1 - Synthetic fuel and method and device for producing a synthetic fuel

Info

Publication number: WO2008089968A1
Application number: PCT/EP2008/000493
Authority: WO
Inventors: Claus Gronholz
Original assignee: Get Hamburg Gmbh
Priority date: 2007-01-24
Filing date: 2008-01-23
Publication date: 2008-07-31
Also published as: DE102007004106A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a synthetic fuel having a carrier substance made of household and/or commercial waste, wherein a hydrocarbon-containing fluid is added to the fuel.

Description

Synthetic fuel and method and apparatus for producing a synthetic fuel

The invention relates to a synthetic fuel and to a method and an apparatus for producing a synthetic fuel.

In addition to the major primary energy sources coal, petroleum and natural gas, numerous novel substances derived from renewable raw materials or waste, such as wood pellets or so-called substitute fuels from, for example, waste plastics, are also suitable for use as fuel.

For example, waste recycling plants are known in which sorted and processed packaging materials are used as fuel. The economics of such waste recycling plants depends on the quality and in particular the energy content of the fuels. An important parameter for the energy content of a fuel is its calorific value, which is given in MJ / kg. This calorific value varies for waste fuels in a wide range from a few MJ / kg to about 30 MJ / kg for higher-value waste such as sorted and processed packaging waste. Depending on the nature of the fuels, supplemental use of supporting fuels such as coal or natural gas may be required to achieve complete and sufficiently low-emission combustion. The support fuels are fed separately to the combustion chamber.

On this basis, it is the object of the invention to provide an alternative fuel, in particular for combustion in power plants, available, which allows a more economical use, and a method and an apparatus for producing such a fuel.

This object is achieved by the fuel with the features of claim 1. This fuel is a synthetic fuel with a carrier substance from household and / or commercial waste and / or other wastes, to which a hydrocarbon-containing liquid is added. The term "synthetic fuel is not intended to be a synthesis in terms of a chemical reaction, but generally refers to the fact that the fuel is artificially composed of several components. The carrier substance may consist exclusively of domestic and / or industrial waste or other constituents, in particular of other waste materials, contain or consist exclusively of these. The domestic and / or commercial waste can be unsorted up to the removal of metals and inert materials (concrete) and composed of basically any ingredients. It is also possible to use pre-sorted waste or waste that has a certain composition right from the start.

The carrier substance prepared from these substances is mixed with a hydrocarbon-containing liquid which has a high viscosity. The liquid preferably consists almost completely of hydrocarbons, other constituents being essentially restricted to impurities. Such hydrocarbon-containing liquids have a high calorific value. By virtue of its addition to the carrier substance, the fuel also has a high calorific value, even when using relatively low-energy carrier substances. It is thereby possible a more economical use of the fuel.

At the same time, the additive promotes uniform and low-emission combustion with a minimum of ash. An additional support firing can be omitted when using the fuel according to the invention. This allows the fuel in conventional power plants or fires. The fuel is thus universally applicable. Its combustion simultaneously solves the disposal problem for household and / or commercial waste or other waste of the vehicle.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier substance has a particle size of less than 40 mm. This upper limit for the particle size is achieved by appropriate comminution of domestic and / or industrial waste and / or other waste. It may also be an even smaller upper limit for the particle size of, for example, 30 mm or 20 mm are selected. By limiting the particle size of the carrier, the combustion properties of the fuel are improved. At the same time, the different materials of the carrier substance can be mixed more uniformly and take up a larger amount of the hydrocarbon-containing liquid.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the constituents of the carrier substance are homogeneously mixed. As a result, more uniform combustion properties of the fuel are achieved. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier substance is defibered. By defibering the constituents of the carrier substance, for example contained wood, paper or plastic residues, the absorption capacity of the carrier substance for the hydrocarbonaceous liquid increases. As a result, a larger amount of the hydrocarbon-containing liquid can be added, which increases the calorific value of the fuel.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier substance is dried. Drying also increases the absorbency of the hydrocarbonaceous liquid. At the same time, the specific calorific value of the fuel increases. Unwanted oxidation processes of the fuel are avoided by the drying. Optionally, the explosion protection of the fuel also improves.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier substance contains no metal and / or no polyethylene terephthalate (PET). By sorting or depositing said materials in the preparation of the carrier, they can be supplied to another utilization. At the same time, the fuel is not affected by hard-to-burn materials.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier substance contains wood and / or green waste. Adding these wastes to the vehicle or making them exclusively from these wastes can improve the combustion characteristics and calorific value of the fuel. Compared to the usual composting of such waste their high energy content is used for the fuel.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the carrier substance is saturated with the hydrocarbon-containing liquid. This means that the entire absorption capacity of the carrier substance is utilized for receiving the hydrocarbon-containing liquid, it being possible for all the hydrocarbon-containing liquid to be bound in the carrier substance. In this way, the calorific value of the fuel can be maximized, the fuel nevertheless being present as a relatively dry material. An explosion hazard or an undesirable leakage of hydrocarbon-containing liquid is counteracted thereby.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon-containing liquid from a waste product, the Mineral oil hydrocarbons of different carbon chain lengths. Thus, the hydrocarbonaceous fluid is also a recovered waste product. The waste product contains petroleum hydrocarbons, that is, it is mainly waste products from the petroleum industry. These can contain different lengths of carbon chains. This plays a minor role in the treatment of the waste product to the hydrocarbonaceous liquid, because when used as a fuel, a wide range of carbon chain lengths can be used. Such carbon-containing liquids, which contain a wide range of petroleum hydrocarbons, are also referred to as broadband fuels.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon-containing liquid is obtained from oil sludge, preferably by distillation of oil sludge. Oil sludge is a waste product that is difficult to dispose of, which is produced in large quantities in the extraction, storage and transport of crude oil. It is a mixture of petroleum constituents, in particular heavy oil fractions, water, sand and other sediments. By suitable preparation, especially in a distillation process, from this oil sludge can be obtained for the synthetic fuel well usable, hydrocarbon-containing liquid (broadband fuel).

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon-containing liquid has been obtained from activated carbon saturated with petroleum hydrocarbons. Such activated carbon is used industrially on a large scale, for example for the removal of gasoline vapors in tank farms. By thermal workup of the activated carbon, the petroleum hydrocarbons can be recovered and utilized for the fuel according to the invention.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the hydrocarbon-containing liquid is obtained from petroleum coke. Petroleum coke is a residue obtained from the cracking and distillation of petroleum. It has a high carbon content and can be used to advantage for the synthetic fuel.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the mixing ratio between the carrier substance and hydrocarbon-containing liquid is metered so controlled that targeted a given mixing value is reached, the mixing ratio can be approximately in the range of 1: 0.2 to 1: 1.5 parts by weight. Experiments have shown that this mixing ratio is particularly advantageous for the combustion properties. In particular, a high calorific value is achieved.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the synthetic fuel is suitable for combustion in a fluidized bed. Combustion in a fluidized bed is preferred in conventional large power plants. In particular, by suitable choice of the particle size of the synthetic fuel is airworthy and can be advantageously used for fluidized bed firing.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the synthetic fuel has a greater calorific value than hard coal. Preferably, the calorific value of the synthetic fuel exceeds that of hard coal by a factor of about 1.5 or more. For example, the calorific value of the synthetic fuel may be about 38 MJ / kg. It is thereby made available a particularly high-energy fuel, which can be used particularly economically.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the synthetic fuel can be stored in a bale shape. Bundling in a bale shape makes it particularly easy to store and transport the synthetic fuel. The bales can be enveloped by a plastic film, for example.

The above-described object is likewise achieved by the method having the features of patent claim 17. The method according to the invention serves to produce a synthetic fuel and has the following steps:

- manufacture of a carrier by treatment of domestic and / or industrial waste and / or other waste,

- Adding a hydrocarbon-containing liquid to the carrier substance.

By this method, a novel, synthetic fuel with the already explained advantageous properties is provided. In preferred embodiments of the method, the treatment of household and / or industrial waste and / or other waste comprises comminution, defibration, homogeneous mixing and / or drying. This will improve the Properties of the synthetic fuel as already explained above. In particular, a more homogeneous fuel is obtained with a carrier having high absorbency.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method metals and / or plastics are separated from PET in the treatment of domestic and / or industrial waste and / or other waste. By depositing or sorting out these materials, the same are available for other use.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the treatment of domestic and / or industrial waste and / or other waste is carried out in a multi-stage process, comprising a pre-crushing stage and at least one post-shredding stage. The different comminution levels are adapted to different particle sizes and thus allow a particularly effective and uniform comminution of the starting materials. Preferably, two or three Nachzerkleinerungsstufen are traversed one behind the other. It is achieved by a particularly fine and uniform comminution and a particularly homogeneous mixing of the constituents of the carrier.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, the domestic and / or commercial waste and / or other waste are placed in each Nachzerkleinerungsstufe in a receiving hopper and pass in free fall at least one vertically disposed rotor having a plurality of rapidly rotating rotor blades. Preferably, two such rotors are used. Such Nachzerkleinerungsstufen are known from German Utility Model no. 202 15 158.1 as a device for crushing or mixing of bulk materials. They ensure particularly effective and efficient comminution and mixing of the starting materials.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, at least one post-shredding stage includes drying by supplying hot air. Preferably, the hot air is passed through the Nachzerkleinerungsstufe in Gegenstrom- procedure. It is achieved by simple means effective drying, resulting in a particularly high absorption capacity of the carrier. In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the supplied warm air is sucked off after the drying process and filtered, wherein the filtrate is supplied to the carrier substance. Dust and small particles that can be extracted from the carrier with the warm air are returned to it in this way and are available for combustion.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, the hydrocarbon-containing liquid is obtained from a waste product containing petroleum hydrocarbons. Suitable waste products are, in particular, oil sludge, activated carbon saturated with petroleum hydrocarbons and petroleum coke. Such waste products can be processed and recycled environmentally friendly for the synthetic fuel.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, the hydrocarbon-containing liquid is removed from the waste product by distillation. This method is suitable for a variety of waste products.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the hydrocarbon-containing liquid is heated by heating the waste Product obtained in a gas-tight space in an induction vessel, generating a vacuum in the gas-tight space and stirring the heated waste product. Such a treatment process is known from the German patent DE 43 17 291 Cl. Hydrocarbon-containing liquid obtained in this way is well suited for the process according to the invention.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the mixing ratio of carrier substance and hydrocarbon-containing liquid based on the weight proportions metering controlled in the range of about 1: 0.2 to 1: 1.5. There is a dosage of the hydrocarbonaceous liquid according to the mixing ratio in this area. As a result, a synthetic fuel having particularly favorable combustion properties is obtained. In particular, the mixing ratio can be chosen so that a desired calorific value is achieved.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, the hydrocarbon-containing liquid is heated before adding to the carrier substance. The heating leads to a liquefaction of the possibly highly viscous liquid and thus to a facilitated absorption of the liquid by the carrier substance. In particular, the heated liquid is also suitable for spraying. The heating can be done in a heating screw at a temperature of about 80 ° C.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, the hydrocarbon-containing liquid is sprayed onto the carrier substance during a circulating, mixing or fluidizing process of the carrier substance. By spraying the liquid on the thus set in motion carrier uniform wetting of the carrier is achieved. Thus, the available absorption capacity of the carrier can be used optimally. The resulting fuel is characterized by a particularly high calorific value.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the spraying of the carrier substance with the hydrocarbon-containing liquid takes place in several steps until the carrier substance is saturated with the hydrocarbon-containing liquid or until a desired calorific value is reached. By passing through several steps or stages of the carrier remains sufficient time to accommodate the hydrocarbonaceous liquid. By the eventual saturation of the carrier is in turn achieved a particularly high calorific value. Alternatively, the addition of liquid is stopped upon reaching a predetermined calorific value.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the carrier substance is further processed with the added, hydrocarbon-containing liquid in a mixing drum. This further processing leads to a further mechanical and thermal homogenization of the fuel.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the method, hydrocarbon-containing liquid is added again in the mixing drum. As a result, the carrier substance as a whole remains a longer period for receiving the liquid. The addition of the liquid in the mixing drum preferably takes place by spraying.

The above object is also achieved by a device for producing a synthetic fuel having the features of claim 35.

The device according to the invention has a mixing container comprising a hopper, a vertically arranged rotor with a plurality of rotor blades, a plurality of superimposed Sections each having at least one spray nozzle, which is connected to a connection for a hydrocarbon-containing liquid, and having an outlet in the lower region of the mixing container, so that a filled into the hopper carrier successively pass the sections with the spray nozzles, sprayed with the hydrocarbonaceous liquid and can be discharged through the exit. This device is a simple solution for carrying out the method described above. It is achieved in a simple manner adding the hydrocarbonaceous liquid to the carrier substance, wherein the device according to the invention is well suited for achieving a high throughput.

According to a preferred embodiment of the device, the sections are circumferentially bounded by conical wall surfaces, wherein the diameter of each section tapers downwards. As a result of the sections tapering downwards, the carrier substance swirled by the rotor blades is always returned on its way down through the mixing container in the direction of the rotating rotor blades. In particular, the carrier substance is detected again after passing through a section of another rotor blade.

In a further preferred embodiment of the device, the tapered end of the conical wall surface of a section protrudes beyond the conical wall surface of a section arranged underneath, and a multiplicity of spray nozzles are arranged in the region of the projection. In this arrangement, the spray nozzles are protected by the respective supernatant and the confused carrier substance is effectively sprayed obliquely from above.

In a further preferred embodiment of the device, a heating screw is provided, in which the hydrocarbon-containing liquid can be heated to a temperature of about 80 ⁰ C. By heating, the liquid becomes less viscous, so that it can be easily sprayed.

In a further preferred embodiment of the device, a treatment device for domestic and / or commercial waste and / or other waste is provided, which has a Vorzerkleinerungsstufe and at least one Nachzerkleinerungsstufe, each Nachzerkleinerungsstufe has a receiving hopper and at least one vertically disposed rotor having a plurality of having rapidly rotating rotor blades. This is the preparation of the Carrier integrated into the device for adding the hydrocarbon-containing liquid to the carrier substance. Processing and adding device can be coordinated so that a high throughput is achieved at particularly economical conditions.

In a further preferred embodiment of the device, at least one Nachzerkleinerungsstufe on a hot air supply and it is a suction device is provided which sucks the supplied hot air and feeds a filter device. As a result, the drying process described in connection with the method according to the invention and the return of dusts and particles removed with the hot air to the carrier substance is integrated into the device.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the device, a mixing drum is provided, in which the carrier substance is further mixed with the added hydrocarbon-containing liquid. The combination with a mixing drum ensures further homogenization of the synthetic fuel. In a further preferred embodiment of the device further spray nozzles for spraying with hydrocarbon-containing liquid are arranged in the mixing drum. As a result, it is also possible for the carrier substance to be supplied with further hydrocarbon-containing liquid after leaving the mixing container.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments shown in FIGS.

Show it:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the steps of a method according to the invention;

2 shows a device according to the invention for adding a carbon-hydrogen-containing liquid to a carrier substance for producing a synthetic fuel in a schematic representation;

Fig. 3 shows a part of a device according to the invention for

Preparation of a carrier substance for a Synthetic fuel in a schematic representation.

The process according to the invention shown schematically in FIG. 1 comprises four steps 1 to 4. The first three process steps 1 to 3 relate to the treatment of household and / or industrial waste for the production of a carrier substance. The fourth method step relates to the addition of a hydrocarbon-containing liquid to the carrier substance.

The first process step 1 (crushing <40 mm) involves the crushing and defibration of domestic and / or industrial waste. The maximum particle size after crushing is at most 40 mm. By this step, the domestic and / or industrial waste is made airworthy, so that it is suitable for combustion in a fluidized bed. At the same time, the comminution and defibration of the constituents promotes the absorption capacity.

In the second process step 2 (mixing / homogenizing), the comminuted components of household and / or commercial waste are further mixed in order also to use starting materials which consist of different, possibly caked and bundled substances to obtain as uniform a mixture as possible. By mixing and homogenizing a uniform quality is achieved and the combustion process is also made uniform and simplified.

In a third process step 3 (aeration / drying), the thus homogenized mixture is dried by the supply of hot air. Aqueous components are thereby largely removed. This increases the calorific value and reduces unwanted oxidation of the components. The aerating and drying also leads to a significantly increased absorption capacity for the hydrocarbonaceous liquid. After this third process step, the treatment of domestic and / or commercial waste is completed. This is now available as uniformly comminuted, largely homogeneous and dry, airworthy carrier substance with high absorption capacity.

In the concluding fourth process step 4 (saturation with HK substances), an increased increase in the calorific value of the carrier substance is achieved by metered addition of a hydrocarbon-containing liquid which has a high energy content (high calorific value, HK). The metered addition of the hydrocarbon-containing liquid can take place until the saturation of the carrier substance. It results in a calorific value, which is about 1.5 times that of hard coal or larger.

Fig. 2 shows a rough schematic of a device according to the invention for adding the hydrocarbon-containing liquid to a carrier substance. In this case, the carrier substance passes via a first conveyor belt 10 into the receiving hopper 12 of a mixing container 14. The mixing container 14 has a plurality of superimposed portions, each bounded by a slightly funnel-shaped tapered wall surface 16. By this conical shape of the wall surfaces 16, each section tapers down. Due to the tapering of the sections, a projection 36 is formed in each of their lower regions. In these projections 36, a plurality of spray nozzles 18 is arranged in each case.

Inside the mixing container 14 is a vertically arranged rotor 30, which can rotate about a rotation axis 32. At the level of each section of the mixing tank 14, the rotor 30 has a plurality of rotating rotor blades 34. The rotor blades 34 are formed in the illustrated embodiment by chains. Due to the fast rotational movement of the rotor blades 34 is caused by the Filling funnel 12 filled carrier substance 70 in each section of the mixing container 14 confused and mixed.

The spray nozzles 18 are connected to a connection 20 for a hydrocarbon-containing liquid. The hydrocarbon-containing liquid passes through the heating screw 25, in which the liquid is heated to reduce its viscosity to a temperature of 80 ° C, in the terminal 20. In this way it is supplied to the mixing tank 14 and sprayed on the carrier substance via the spray nozzles , The carrier substance is saturated with the hydrocarbon-containing liquid. It then passes through an outlet 22 to a further conveyor belt 24 and from there into a mixing drum 26. In the mixing drum 26, the carrier substance saturated with the hydrocarbon-containing liquid is further homogenized, optionally under the influence of heat. The finished synthetic fuel leaves the mixing drum 26 in the region of the outlet 28. In the embodiment shown, the mixing drum 26 has a rotating drum screen 38, whereby a continuous circulation and optionally sorting out of insufficiently comminuted components is achieved. Another part of a device according to the invention is shown in FIG. This part of the device is used for the treatment of domestic and / or industrial waste and / or other waste to the carrier. This part of the apparatus comprises a pre-shredding stage 40, into which the domestic and / or commercial waste and / or the other waste are given, as indicated by the arrow 42. In the pre-crushing stage 40, the waste is first coarsely crushed. They then arrive on a conveyor belt 44, which passes the pre-shredded waste in a first Nachzerkleinerungsstufe 46. At the same time indicated by the arrow 48 deposition of metals, including ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The post-shredding stage 46 includes at least one vertically disposed rotor, not shown, having a plurality of rapidly rotating rotor blades. The wastes input from the top to the post-crushing stage 46 are further crushed and mixed by collision with the rotary blades. Fibrous components are fiberized. At the lower end of the secondary reduction stage 46, the further comminuted waste reaches a further conveyor belt 50, which leads to a second secondary reduction stage 52. The second post-reduction stage 52 largely corresponds to the first Crushing stage 46, but tuned to a smaller particle size.

After passing through the second Nachzerkleinerungsstufe 52 is followed by another conveyor belt 54 to a third Nachzerkleinerungsstufe 56, which in turn is tuned to an even smaller particle size. After passing through the third post-shredding stage 56, the carrier substance no longer contains particles larger than 40 mm in size. The carrier substance processed in this way reaches a conveyor belt 58.

As already explained in the case of the pre-comminution stage 40, deposition of metals also takes place after the first and second post-comminution stage 46 and 52, respectively, as indicated by the arrows 60 and 62.

All Nachzerkleinerungsstufen 46, 52 and 56 are, as indicated by the arrows denoted by 64 uniformly flowed through by a hot air flow in the counterflow direction. The hot air stream 64 is used for drying and ventilation of the waste. After flowing through the Nachzerkleinerungsstufen 46, 52 and 56 of the hot air stream 64 via an exhaust system 66 through a filter 68th directed. In the filter 68 sensed dusts and other particles are filtered out by the hot air flow and also guided on the conveyor belt 68. These dusts and particles are thus supplied to the carrier substance. After passing through the device parts shown in FIG. 3, the household and / or commercial waste or other waste is present as a ready-prepared carrier substance 70.

After the addition of the hydrocarbon-containing liquid to the carrier substance 70 shown in FIG. 2, the production of the synthetic fuel is completed.

Claims

1. Synthetic fuel with a carrier substance (70) from domestic and / or commercial waste and / or other wastes, which is added to a hydrocarbon-containing liquid.

2. Synthetic fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier substance (70) has a particle size of less than 40 mm.

3. Synthetic fuel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the constituents of the carrier substance (70) are homogeneously mixed.

4. Synthetic fuel according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the carrier substance (70) is defibrated.

5. Synthetic fuel according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the carrier substance (70) is dried.

6. Synthetic fuel according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the carrier substance (70) contains no metal and / or no PET.

7. Synthetic fuel according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the carrier substance (70) contains HoIz- and / or green waste.

8. Synthetic fuel according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the carrier substance (70) is saturated with the hydrocarbon-containing liquid.

9. Synthetic fuel according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the hydrocarbonaceous liquid from a waste product containing petroleum hydrocarbons of different carbon chain lengths has been obtained.

10. Synthetic fuel according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the hydrocarbon-containing liquid has been obtained from oil sludge, preferably by distillation of oil sludge.

11. Synthetic fuel according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the hydrocarbonaceous liquid has been obtained from saturated with mineral oil activated carbon.

12. Synthetic fuel according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the hydrocarbonaceous liquid has been obtained from petroleum coke.

13. Synthetic fuel according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the mixing ratio between the carrier substance (70) and hydrocarbon-containing liquid is metered so controlled that a predetermined calorific value is selectively achieved.

14. Synthetic fuel according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is suitable for combustion in a fluidized bed.

15. Synthetic fuel according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it has a greater calorific value than hard coal.

16. Synthetic fuel according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it can be stored in bale shape.

17. A process for producing a synthetic fuel comprising the steps of:

Producing a carrier substance (70) by processing domestic and / or industrial waste and / or other waste,

Adding a hydrocarbonaceous liquid to the carrier substance.

18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that the domestic and / or industrial waste and / or the other waste in the preparation of the carrier substance (70) comminuted and / or shredded.

19. The method according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the domestic and / or commercial waste and / or other waste be homogeneously mixed in the preparation to the carrier (70).

20. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the domestic and / or industrial waste and / or other waste in the preparation to the carrier substance (70) are dried.

21. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 20, characterized in that metals and / or plastics are separated from PET in the treatment of domestic and / or industrial waste and / or other waste.

22. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 21, characterized in that the treatment of household and / or industrial waste and / or other waste is carried out in a multi-stage process comprising a Vorzerkleinerungsstufe (40) and at least one Nachzerkleinerungsstufe (46, 52, 56).

23. The method according to claim 22, characterized in that the domestic and / or commercial waste and / or other waste in each Nachzerkleinerungsstufe (46, 52, 56) in a receiving be given funnel and pass in free fall at least one vertically disposed rotor having a plurality of rapidly rotating rotor blades.

24. The method according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that at least one Nachzerkleinerungsstufe (46, 52, 56) includes a drying by supplying hot air (64).

25. The method according to claim 24, characterized in that the supplied hot air (64) is sucked off and filtered after the drying process, wherein the filtrate is supplied to the carrier substance.

26. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 25, characterized in that the hydrocarbon-containing liquid is obtained from a waste product containing petroleum hydrocarbons.

27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that the hydrocarbon-containing liquid is removed from the waste product by distillation.

28. The method of claim 26 or 27, characterized in that the hydrocarbonaceous liquid is obtained by heating the waste product in a gas-tight space in an induction vessel, generating a vacuum in the gas-tight space and stirring the heated waste product.

29. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 28, characterized in that the mixing ratio of carrier substance (70) and hydrocarbon-containing liquid based on the weight proportions dosing technology in the range of about 1: 0.2 to 1: 1.5 is controlled.

30. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 29, characterized in that the hydrocarbon-containing liquid is heated before adding to the carrier substance (70).

31. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 30, characterized in that the hydrocarbon-containing liquid during a circulation, mixing or fluidization process of the carrier substance (70) is sprayed onto the carrier substance (70).

32. The method according to claim 32, characterized in that the spraying of the carrier substance (70) with the hydrocarbon-containing liquid takes place in several steps until the carrier substance (70) is saturated with the hydrocarbon-containing liquid or until a desired calorific value is reached.

33. The method according to any one of claims 17 to 32, characterized in that the carrier substance (70) is further processed with the added, hydrocarbon-containing liquid in a mixing drum (26).

34. The method according to claim 33, characterized in that in the mixing drum (26) again hydrocarbon-containing liquid is added.

35. An apparatus for producing a synthetic fuel with a mixing tank (14) having a hopper (12), a vertically arranged rotor (30) with a plurality of rotor blades (34), a plurality of superimposed portions each having at least one spray nozzle (18 ), which is connected to a connection (20) for a hydrocarbon-containing liquid, and an outlet (22) in the lower region of the Mixing container (14), so that a filled into the hopper carrier (70) pass through the sections with the spray nozzles (18) successively, sprayed with the hydrocarbon-containing liquid and discharged through the outlet (22).

36. Apparatus according to claim 35, characterized in that the portions are circumferentially bounded by conical wall surfaces (16), wherein the diameter of each section tapers downwards.

37. Apparatus according to claim 36, characterized in that the tapered end of the conical wall surface (16) projects beyond a section of the conical wall surface (16) of a portion arranged underneath and a plurality of spray nozzles (18) in the region of the projection (36) is.

38. Device according to one of claims 35 to 37, characterized in that a heating screw (26) is provided, in which the hydrocarbon-containing liquid can be heated to a temperature of about 80 ⁰ C.

39. Device according to one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that a processing device for household and / or commercial waste and / or other waste is provided, which has a pre-comminution stage (40) and at least one Nachzerkleinerungsstufe (46, 52, 56) wherein each post-shredding stage (46, 52, 56) includes a receiving hopper and at least one vertically disposed rotor having a plurality of rapidly rotating rotor blades.

40. Apparatus according to claim 39, characterized in that at least one Nachzerkleinerungsstufe (46, 52, 56) has a hot air supply (64) and that a suction device (66) is provided which sucks the supplied hot air and a filter means (68) supplies.

41. Device according to one of claims 35 to 40, characterized in that a mixing drum (26) is provided, in which the carrier substance (70) is further mixed with the added hydrocarbon-containing liquid.

42. Apparatus according to claim 41, characterized in that in the mixing drum (26) further spray nozzles are arranged for spraying with hydrocarbon-containing liquid.