WO2008087275A2 - Dispositif de mesure de courant a isolation electrique, declencheur electronique, et disjoncteur comportant un tel dispositif - Google Patents
Dispositif de mesure de courant a isolation electrique, declencheur electronique, et disjoncteur comportant un tel dispositif Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008087275A2 WO2008087275A2 PCT/FR2007/002025 FR2007002025W WO2008087275A2 WO 2008087275 A2 WO2008087275 A2 WO 2008087275A2 FR 2007002025 W FR2007002025 W FR 2007002025W WO 2008087275 A2 WO2008087275 A2 WO 2008087275A2
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- Prior art keywords
- signal
- measuring device
- current measuring
- representative
- transformer
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/18—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof using conversion of DC into AC, e.g. with choppers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R15/00—Details of measuring arrangements of the types provided for in groups G01R17/00 - G01R29/00, G01R33/00 - G01R33/26 or G01R35/00
- G01R15/14—Adaptations providing voltage or current isolation, e.g. for high-voltage or high-current networks
- G01R15/146—Measuring arrangements for current not covered by other subgroups of G01R15/14, e.g. using current dividers, shunts, or measuring a voltage drop
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
- H03K17/6871—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor
- H03K17/6874—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors the output circuit comprising more than one controlled field-effect transistor in a symmetrical configuration
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
- H03K17/687—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
- H03K17/689—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit
- H03K17/691—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit using transformer coupling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/78—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/78—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
- H03K17/795—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling bipolar transistors
- H03K17/7955—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling bipolar transistors using phototransistors
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrically isolated current measuring device comprising:
- At least one electrical shunt intended to be traversed by a current to be measured
- At least one input signal input connected to said shunt for receiving a signal representative of a current
- At least one signal transformer having at least one primary winding for receiving a primary signal representative of said input signal
- means for controlling the switching means comprising a control signal input receiving control signals during switching periods, and an output electrically isolated from the control signal input and connected to said switching means for controlling the switching signal during said switching periods.
- the invention also relates to an electronic release and a circuit breaker comprising such a current measuring device.
- a first input signal portion 1 generally comprises a signal amplifier 3 and a modulator 4 for transferring a transformed value or a digital value of the input signal.
- the modulator 4 is generally connected to a transformer 5 or other couplers for isolating the first part 1 of the second signal processing part 2.
- the signal is processed and reconditioned in a circuit 6 to be processed as an output signal SO.
- the first part 1 receiving the input signal requires a power supply circuit 7 to operate the amplifier and the modulator.
- a first main power supply 8 supplies the output signal processing circuit 6 and an electrical energy conversion circuit comprising a chopper 9 and a supply transformer 10 and the circuit 7 for provide electrical power supply to the entire first part 1.
- Electrically insulated current measuring devices known from the state of the art requiring auxiliary power supply circuits can hardly be integrated into very small circuit processing circuits or measuring devices.
- such devices also have the disadvantage of consuming electrical energy making them incompatible with applications with very low consumption. In particular they can not be easily integrated into modular electrical circuit breakers.
- Some devices include transformers receiving a cut current measurement signal as shown in GB 1585889 and US2003 / 0076086.
- the control means of the switches signal are opto-electronic components that are incompatible with industrial applications with high thermal stress. In particular, these components have characteristics of efficiency and speed which decrease very strongly when the temperature increases. These high operating temperatures are particularly present in electrical devices such as electronic trip units and electrical circuit breakers.
- the object of the invention is to provide an electrical insulation current measurement device which does not require power supply for the part processing the input signal and which can operate normally with very large temperature differences, as well as an electronic trigger and a circuit breaker comprising such a device.
- said means for controlling the switching means comprise coupling means by electromagnetic induction and / or by capacitive link.
- Said signal transformer has an output winding connected to detection means receiving a split output secondary signal and providing an output signal representative of the signal.
- the cutting of the input signal is unidirectional.
- the cutting of the input signal is bidirectional or with inversion.
- the signal transformer comprises two primary windings connected with inverted winding directions, a first end of each winding is connected at a common point of the windings and connected to a first end of the shunt to receive the winding. signal input, second ends of the windings are connected to first switching means and to second switching means connected to a second end of said shunt for cutting and orienting the input signal alternately on the first and second windings.
- the switching means switch input signals on the primary windings with a covering of commands at the beginning and end of switching.
- the signal transformer comprises a primary winding connected to switching means comprising four electronic switches connected in two-armed bridge, external lines of the receiving bridge connected to said shunt to receive the input signal and inner branches of the bridge being connected to said primary winding of said signal transformer, said bridge switches being alternately cross-controlled to reverse the direction of the primary signal applied to the primary winding of said signal transformer.
- the input signal is applied to a shunt formed by a bridge of two measurement resistors connected in series, a common point of the measurement resistors being connected to a first end of a primary winding of the signal transformer, a second end of said primary winding of the signal transformer being connected to a common central portion of a switching bridge with two switches of the switching means, external lines of the switches of said bridge being connected to the external parts opposite the common point of the resistor bridge, the two switches operating alternately to reverse the direction of the primary signal applied to the primary winding of said signal transformer.
- the detection means comprise means for filtering the cut output signal.
- the detection means comprise synchronous detection means synchronized with the control of the switching means for reconstituting an output signal representative of said input signal.
- the signal transformer comprises:
- At least a first primary winding for receiving a first input signal representative of a current flowing in a first shunt and at least first switching means for cutting off said first input signal;
- At least one second primary winding for receiving a second input signal representative of a current flowing in a second shunt and at least second switching means for cutting off said second input signal, said second shunt being electrically separated from said first shunt, and
- At least one secondary winding for providing a signal representative of said first input signal or said second input signal.
- the current measuring device comprises processing means:
- the processing means sequentially controls the selection of the control means to provide a multiplexed output signal sequentially representative of each input signal.
- the processing means simultaneously control control means to provide an output signal representative of the sum of the input signals.
- the processing means comprise signal sampling means for sampling an output signal representative of a multiplexed secondary signal and providing values representative of each input signal, the sampling being synchronized with the selection of the means. control.
- the sampling is performed after a predetermined delay following the start of a control pulse closing switching means.
- the processing means activate the control of the control means during periods of short duration and stop the control of the control means for periods of long duration.
- said means for controlling the switching means comprise at least one control transformer having a primary winding receiving the control signals and a secondary winding for controlling switching means.
- At least one control transformer the control means is an air transformer having a primary winding on a first face of a circuit support and a secondary winding on a second face of said circuit support.
- the circuit support is composed of a polyimide material.
- the circuit support has a thickness of between 3 and 80 ⁇ m.
- the measurement transformer is an air transformer having at least one primary winding on a first face of a circuit carrier and a secondary winding on a second face of said circuit carrier.
- the circuit support is composed of a polyimide material and has a thickness of between 3 and 80 ⁇ m.
- said at least one control transformer and at least one measuring transformer are placed on the same insulating support with windings on each side of said circuit support.
- the circuit support is composed of a polyimide material and has a thickness of between 3 and 80 ⁇ m.
- said means for controlling the switching means comprise at least two capacitive coupling capacitors each having a first electrode for receiving the control signals and a second electrode for controlling switching means.
- a circuit support composed of a polyimide material and having a thickness of between 3 and 80 ⁇ m, said circuit support has on a first face the first electrodes of said two coupling capacitors and on the second face the second electrodes of said two coupling capacitors.
- the measuring device comprises means for controlling the switching means and the switching means grouped into an electromagnetic micro-component of Mem's type.
- An electronic release according to the invention comprising:
- a protection function processing unit connected to the current measuring device for receiving at least one signal representative of a current
- a tripping output for providing a tripping signal according to said at least one current signal comprises at least one current measuring device defined above comprising at least one electrical shunt for the flow of a current to be measured; current signal supplied to the processing unit being processed by the protection functions to provide a trigger signal.
- An electric circuit breaker according to the invention comprising:
- a current measuring device connected in series with said electrical contacts, a protection function processing unit connected to the current measuring device for receiving at least one signal representative of a current,
- a trigger output for providing a trigger signal for the opening of the electrical contacts as a function of said at least one current signal comprises at least one current measuring device defined above comprising:
- At least one electrical shunt for the circulation of a current to be measured, the current signal supplied to the processing unit being processed by the protection functions to provide said triggering signal for the opening of the electrical contacts.
- FIG. 1 represents a diagram of an electrical insulation current measurement device of the state of the art
- FIG. 2 represents a diagram of a current measurement device for electrical signals according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 represents a diagram of a device according to FIG. 2 with a transistor switching control
- FIG. 4 represents a first diagram of a current measuring device according to an embodiment of the invention of the inversion cutting type
- FIGS. 5A to 5G show timing diagrams of signals in a device according to the embodiment of FIG. 4;
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show variants of current measuring devices according to embodiments of the invention of the inversion cutting type
- FIGS. 8A-8C show signal curves in current measuring devices according to embodiments of the bidirectional switching invention.
- FIG. 9 represents an embodiment of a device for measuring the current of electrical signals according to one embodiment of the invention of the diagram of FIG. 7;
- FIG. 10 represents a first diagram of a current measuring device according to one embodiment of the invention with a multiplexing of input signals on a common signal transformer;
- FIG. 11 represents a second diagram of a current measuring device according to an embodiment of the invention with a multiplexing of input signals on a common signal transformer;
- FIGS. 12A to 12G show signal curves in a device of FIG.
- FIG. 13 represents a flowchart showing a measuring sample acquisition cycle
- FIG. 14 represents a diagram of an electrical apparatus comprising a measuring device according to an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 15 represents a pulse transformer in printed form used in the control means of a current measuring device according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 16 represents a group of pulse transformers and measuring transformers in printed form used in a current measuring device according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIGS. 17 and 18 show variants of devices according to embodiments.
- FIG. 2 represents a diagram of a device for measuring the current of electrical signals according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the electrically isolated current measuring device comprises at least one input signal input 11 connected to an electrical shunt 40 for the measurement of an IP current.
- the device also comprises an output signal output SO representative of said input signal, and electrically isolated signal transfer means receiving the input signal and supplying said output signal.
- the transfer means comprise at least one signal transformer 14 having at least one primary winding 15 for receiving a primary signal SP representative of said input signal SI.
- the input signal is cut by switching means 16 represented by a controlled switch to provide said signal primary SP representative of said input signal SI to said primary winding 15.
- the switching means 16 are controlled by control means 17 having an input 18 of control signals receiving control signals SC.
- An output 20 of the control means is electrically isolated from the control signal input 18 and is connected to said switching means 16 for controlling the primary signal switching at a switching frequency.
- the signal S1 is cut by the electronic switch 16 at a high switching frequency to provide on the primary winding 15 of the signal transformer 14 a cut signal SP.
- Said signal transformer 14 has an output winding 21 connected to detection means 23 receiving a cut secondary output signal SD and providing an output signal SO representative of the input signal SI.
- the secondary signal SD induced in a secondary winding 21 of the signal transformer is then processed to provide the output signal SO.
- the processing may include amplification in an amplifier 22 followed by detection and filtering in an output signal processing module 23.
- the detection can be done by simple rectification, envelope detection or synchronous rectification.
- the control signal SC of the switching means is preferably provided by a switching signal generator 24 located in the second signal processing part 2.
- the processing module 23 and the control signal generator 24 are arranged in the same processing unit 25 and fed by the same supply circuit 26.
- This supply circuit 26 can also supply the amplifier 22.
- the control signals are applied to a pulse control transformer 27 of the isolated control means.
- the output of the control means may comprise a signal conditioning circuit 28 comprising for example a diode 29 and a capacitor 30 to be adapted to the switching means 16.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of a device according to an embodiment of the invention with a field effect transistor switching control 31 having internal diodes 32 associated in reverse. These transistors are connected in series in opposite directions, that is to say that their sources are connected together and serve as a reference for the signals of control provided by the pulse transformer 27, and their control electrodes are connected together to receive said control signals from the transformer 27 through the conditioner 28. Regardless of the direction or polarity of the input signal, the two transistors lead. If no control signal is supplied, the two transistors are blocked and according to the direction or the polarity of the input signal only one of the two diodes blocks the input signal With such a scheme, the device operates whatever the polarity and the level of the input signal that can be alternating or continuous.
- a measurement or load resistor 40 is connected at the input of the device for generating the input signal SI. If the resistor 40 is an electrical shunt, the signal SI is a current measurement signal.
- the input signal has a very low voltage, for example less than 0.6 volts, a single field effect transistor 31 may suffice. In this zone, the transistor operates bidirectionally and the associated diode is not conducting in direct polarization.
- the input impedance of the signal transformer 14 is preferably very low.
- the primary winding 15 then has a small number of turns.
- the current measuring device can operate in the unidirectional input signal cutting mode by splitting the input signal into the same polarity on consecutive control commands and also applying it with the same polarity on the primary winding of the signal transformer.
- the cutting of the input signal can be advantageously bidirectional.
- the input signal is cut and inverted at each control command to provide on a primary induction circuit of the signal transformer 14 a primary signal having inverted consecutive induction directions.
- a magnetic coupling circuit of the signal transformer is magnetized in one direction then demagnetized and remagnetized in another direction according to the control commands to control the remanence of said magnetic circuit and improve the efficiency of the signal transfer between the primary and the Secondary of the transformer 14.
- FIG. 4 represents a first diagram of a current measuring device according to an embodiment of the bidirectional switching invention.
- the signal transformer 14 comprises two primary windings 15A and 15B connected with inverted winding directions, a first end of each winding is connected at a common point of the windings to receive the input signal input, second ends of the windings are connected to first switching means 16A and second switching means 16B for cutting and orienting the input signal SI alternately on the first and the second windings.
- the switching means switch the signals on the primary windings with a recovery of commands at the beginning and end of switching.
- the signal generator 24 provides the control signals of the switching means 16A and 16B represented by controlled switches.
- the generator 24 also provides a first synchronization signal SY to the processing module 23 for synchronous detection of the output signal.
- the output signal can be positive or negative.
- Synchronous detection makes it possible to recover a signal polarity representative of the polarity of the input signal.
- the generator 24 may also provide or receive a second synchronization signal to operate with a signal sampler.
- the generator, the synchronous detector, and the sampler can be part of the same circuit.
- Figs. 5A to 5G show timing diagrams of signals in a current measuring device according to the embodiment of Fig. 4.
- a curve 41 shows an input signal SI.
- the input signal SI is continuous and of positive polarity.
- FIG. 5B shows a curve 42 representative of the control of the switch 16A of the switching means.
- FIG. 5C shows a curve 43 representative of the control of the switch 16B of the switching means.
- FIG. 5D shows a curve 44 representative of a current II 5A in the first primary winding 15A of the signal transformer 14.
- FIG. 5E shows a curve 45 representative of a current I15B in the second primary winding 15B of the transformer signal 14.
- FIG. 5F shows a curve 46 representative of a resultant current 115 corresponding to the currents II 5A and II 5B flowing in the two primary windings 15A and 15B of the signal transformer 14 controlled with reversal of direction.
- FIG. 5G shows a curve 47 representative of an output signal SD on the secondary winding 21 of the transformer 14.
- the switch 16A is controlled closing while the switch 16B has just opened.
- the winding 15A receives the input signal SI. It generates a current I15A and an increasing magnetic induction 115. This induction generates on the secondary of the transformer 21 an output signal equal to the derivative of the flux, therefore a positive signal SD.
- the switch 16B is controlled closing, while the switch 16A is controlled in opening.
- a current I15B flows in the winding 15B.
- Current I15A is canceled.
- the resulting magnetic induction represented by 115 decreases because the winding 15B is wound in the opposite direction of the winding 15A.
- the signal on the secondary of the SD transformer becomes negative.
- the alternative commutations of the switches 16A and 16B induce a magnetic induction without discontinuity in the transformer 14 and thus generate an SD signal with zero DC component.
- a switching period TC can be defined between the beginning of the conduction and the end of the conduction of a switch 16, for example between the times t1 and t2.
- Fig. 6 shows a second diagram of a current measuring device according to an embodiment of the bidirectional switching invention.
- the signal transformer 14 comprises a primary winding 15 connected to switching means 16 comprising four electronic switches or switches 16A1, 16A2 and 16B1, and 16B2 connected in two-armed bridge 50 and 51.
- switching means 16 comprising four electronic switches or switches 16A1, 16A2 and 16B1, and 16B2 connected in two-armed bridge 50 and 51.
- external lines of the bridge receive the input signal SI and inner portions 53 of the branches of the bridge are connected to said primary winding 15 of the signal transformer 14.
- Said switches 16A1, 16A2 and 16B1, and 16B2 bridge are controlled alternatively crosswise to reverse the direction of the primary signal SP applied to the primary winding 15 of said signal transformer 14.
- the cross-mounted switches 16A1 and 16A2 are controlled at the same time to apply the input signal in a first direction and cross-mounted switches 16B1 and 16B2 are controlled at the same time to apply the input signal in a second direction.
- the resistor 40 may be a measurement resistor or an electrical shunt for the measurement of current signals.
- Fig. 7 shows a third diagram of a current measuring device according to an embodiment of the bidirectional switching invention.
- the input signal SI is applied to a bridge of two resistors 4OA and 4OB measuring connected in series.
- a common point 54 of the measurement resistors is connected to a first end of a primary winding 15 of the signal transformer 14, and a second end of said primary winding of the signal transformer is connected to a common central portion 55 of a bridge 56 switching circuit with two switches 16A and 16B switching means.
- External lines 57 and 58 of the switches of said bridge are connected to the outer portions 59 and 60 opposite the common point 54 of the resistor bridge.
- the two switches 16A and 16B operate alternately to invert the direction of the primary signal SP applied to the primary winding 15 of said signal transformer 14.
- a portion SIA of the signal S1 flowing in the resistor 4OA and having a first sign, for example positive is applied to the winding 15.
- the switch 16B is closed and the switch 16A is open.
- a SIB portion of the signal SI present on the measurement resistor 40B and having a second negative sign opposite the first sign is applied to the primary winding 15 of the transformer.
- the signal on the resistor 4OB is of opposite polarity to the signal on the resistor 40A since the signal reference is on the common point 54.
- Figs. 8A-8C show signal curves in current measuring devices according to embodiments of the two-way switching invention.
- a curve 65 shows an alternative SI input signal of sinusoidal form.
- a curve 66 shows an SD signal provided on a secondary of a signal transformer having a bidirectional SP primary signal control.
- a curve 67 shows an output signal SO processed so as to reconstruct a sinusoidal signal representative of the input signal.
- the processing means detect the bidirectional signal by rectifying the signal synchronously, for example with electronic switch bridges or electronic circuits with sampling and programmed processing.
- the detection means comprise means for filtering the cut output signal and / or synchronous detection means synchronized with the control of the switching means for reconstituting an output signal representative of said input signal.
- the processing means 25 can activate control of the control means for periods of short duration and stop the control of the control means during longer periods of inactivity.
- cross-mounted switches 16A1 and 16A2 are controlled during a first period.
- switches 16B1 and 16B2 are controlled while switches 16A1 and 16A2 are stopped.
- the command is stopped during a third period.
- the first and second periods are shorter than the third period.
- the periods can be regular in a cycle or in a duty cycle predetermined or randomly controlled according to the needs of the processing means.
- FIG. 9 represents an embodiment of a current measuring device according to an embodiment of the invention of the diagram of FIG. 7.
- the measurement resistor 40 is an electrical shunt for the measurement. electric current.
- the output signal SO is then representative of an electric current flowing in said shunt.
- the shunt has a midpoint 54 separating a first portion 40A and a second portion 40B each side of the midpoint.
- the shunt comprises power connection pads for circulating the measurement current and three measurement links.
- a common link 72 is connected to the point 54 of the shunt, a first external link 73 is connected on the side of the first portion 40A and a link second external link 74 is connected to the side of the second part 4OB.
- Switching means such as electronic switches 16A and 16B and other ancillary components such as the conditioning circuits 28 are arranged on a first printed circuit 80 to the electric potential of a circuit to be measured.
- This circuit 80 receives the connections with the shunt and links with the primary of the signal transformer 14 and links with pulse transformers 27 A and 27 B of the control means 17.
- a second printed circuit 81 supports circuits of the processing unit 25 such as the detection and processing circuits 23 and the generators 24 of control signals.
- the electronic circuits on the printed circuit 81 are at a different potential and decoupled electrically and galvanically with respect to the electronic circuits arranged on the printed circuit 80.
- the printed circuit 81 has on one side links with the signal transformer 14 and the transformers pulses 27A and 27B and on the other side of the connections with a supply input P 82, a signal output 83 SO and a common ground input 0V 84.
- the signal transformer is part of a multiplexing set.
- FIG. 10 represents a first diagram of a current measuring device according to an embodiment of the invention with a multiplexing of input signals on a common signal transformer 14.
- the signal transformer 14 comprises: at least one first primary winding 151 for receiving a first input signal SI1 and at least one first switching means 161 for cutting off said first input signal SI1 and at least one second primary winding 152 for receiving a second input signal SI2 and at least least second switching means 162 for cutting said second input signal SI2, and at least one secondary winding 21 for providing a secondary signal SD representative of said first input signal SI1 or said second input signal SI2.
- a processing unit 25 selects first control means 271 of said first switching means 161 to provide an output signal SO representative of said first input signal SI1, or selects second control means 272.
- second switching means 162 for providing an output signal SO representative of said second input signal SI2.
- FIG. 11 represents a second diagram of a current measuring device according to one embodiment of the invention with a multiplexing of input signals SI1, SI2, SB, SI4 on a common signal transformer 14.
- the four signals SI1 to SI4 can be generated on measuring resistors 401, 402, 403, or 404 and then cut by switching means respectively 161, 162, 163, and 164 and controlled by pulse transformers of control means respectively 271, 272, 273 and 274.
- the switching means 274 are shown completely in one part while the others are represented by two-part blocks to lighten the diagram.
- the cutting of the input signals makes it possible to provide signals.
- the galvanic or electrical isolation is represented by a broken line 86.
- the signal SD secondary is applied to an amplifier 22 having a parameterizable amplification.
- the output signal of the amplifier is filtered by a low pass filter 87 before being applied to the processing unit 25.
- the processing unit 25 comprises a signal sampler 88 for sampling a signal representative of a signal. multiplexed secondary signal and provide values representative of each input signal, the sampling being synchronized with the selection of the control means.
- the amplifier 22 and the sampler 88 are referenced by a reference circuit 89.
- a microcontroller or a microprocessor located in the processing unit allows the supply of control signals of the switching means and the synchronization of the sampling serving as synchronous detection.
- the microprocessor 90 receiving the samples of the signal SD separates the different values into a plurality of output signals SO1, SO2, SO3 and SO4 representative of each of the input signals SI1, SI2, SI3, and SI4, respectively.
- the processing means sequentially controls the selection of the control means to provide a sequentially representative multiplexed output signal SO of each input signal SI1 through SI4.
- the processing means can simultaneously control control means for providing an output signal SO representative of the sum of the input signals.
- the current measuring device can be an electronic trigger used in a four-pole type circuit breaker receiving signals representative of three-phase signals and of a neutral conductor.
- the measuring resistors 401, 402, 403, or 404 are then current measurement shunts.
- simultaneous control of the four channels can provide a signal SO representative of a differential current.
- simultaneous digital processing of the four channels by a processor may provide a signal SO representative of a differential current or the sum of the input signals.
- FIGS. 12A to 12G show signal curves in a device of FIG. 11. States of the various switching means 161 to 164 are represented on curves 91 to 94 of FIG. 12A. State 1 corresponds to a state closed of the corresponding switch and the state 0 corresponds to the open state.
- Fig. 12B shows a representative curve 95 of an example of an input signal SI1.
- FIG. 12C shows a curve 96 representative of an example of an input signal SI2.
- FIG. 12D shows a curve 97 representative of an example of an input signal SD.
- FIG. 12E shows a curve 98 representative of an example of an input signal SI4.
- FIG. 12F shows a curve 99 representative of an example of secondary signal SD.
- Figure 12G shows a sampling of the secondary signal to separate the SD signal into four SO1, SO2, SO3 and SO4 output signals representative of the four input signals SI1, SI2, SI3, and SI4.
- the switch 161 is closed and the secondary signal SD becomes representative of the input signal SI1.
- the signal SD is sampled to have a signal output SOI representative of the signal SI1.
- the switch 162 is closed and the secondary signal SD becomes representative of the input signal SI2.
- the signal SD is sampled to have an output signal SO2 representative of the signal SI2.
- the control of the switch 162 is completed.
- the switch 163 is closed and the secondary signal SD becomes representative of the input signal SD.
- the signal SD is sampled to have an output signal SO3 representative of the signal SI3.
- the control of the switch 163 is completed.
- the switch 164 is closed and the secondary signal SD becomes representative of the input signal SI4.
- the signal SD is sampled to have an output signal SO4 representative of the signal SI4.
- the control of the switch 164 is completed.
- the cycle starts again by closing the switch 161, and sampling SD at time tl4 to provide SOI.
- the delay D corresponds to the waiting time between the start of closing of the switches and the sampling of the secondary signal SD at the output of the signal transformer 14.
- Fig. 13 shows a flowchart showing an acquisition cycle of a measurement sample.
- the processing unit selects the path to be measured. Then, in a step 101, an electronic switch of the switching means is closed. Then, after a delay D allowing the stabilization of the operation of the transformer, in particular avoiding parasitic oscillations at a step 102, the processing unit controls the sampling of a signal representative of the secondary signal SD at a step 103. sampling is performed after a predetermined delay D following the start of a control pulse closing switch means.
- FIG. 14 represents a diagram of an electric circuit breaker with an electronic release comprising a measuring device according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Such an electric circuit breaker 104 comprises at least one measuring resistor 401 and 402, electrical power contacts 105 connected in series with said at least one measuring resistor, a mechanism 106 for opening control of the electrical contacts 105, and protection function processing means 107 controlling a relay 108 connected to said mechanism 106.
- an embodiment of the circuit breaker invention comprises a current measuring device 110 as described above having at least one signal input connected to said at least one measurement resistor, and a signal output connected to the processing means 107 to provide an output signal SO representative of a current flowing in said measuring resistor.
- the current measuring device 110 may be the same as that of FIG. 10 with a signal multiplexing.
- Resistors 401 and 402 may be resistors of very low values such as electric shunts.
- control means of the switching means are preferably pulse transformers 27, 271, 272 having a primary winding 115 receiving the control signals and a secondary winding 116 for controlling means of switching. switching.
- Fig. 15 shows a pulse transformer in printed form used in the control means of a current measuring device according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the pulse transformer is an air transformer having a primary winding 115 on a first face 117 of a printed circuit 118 and a secondary winding 116 on a second face 119 of said printed circuit.
- the operating frequency is then very high to achieve very small winding sizes.
- each winding has thirteen turns with an external dimension less than one centimeter on the side.
- the operating frequency of the control means is much greater than the frequency cutting.
- the control signals are then pulses or bursts of high frequency pulses provided during TC switching periods.
- the printed circuit may also be an etched circuit or any other circuit serving as support for example a ceramic support or alumina. Even in the printed form, the control transformers may have a magnetic circuit adapted to the shapes and dimensions of the circuit support.
- a circuit support 118 is advantageously composed of a polyimide material.
- the circuit support has a thickness E of between 3 and 80 ⁇ m.
- the measuring transformer may be an air transformer having at least one primary winding 15 on a first face of a circuit support 118 and a secondary winding 21 on a second face of said circuit support.
- the circuit support is composed of a polyimide material having a thickness E of between 3 and 80 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 16 shows an assembly of two control transformers and a measurement transformer placed on the same insulating support with windings on each side of said circuit support.
- the circuit support is advantageously composed of a polyimide material having a thickness E of between 3 and 80 ⁇ m.
- FIGS 17 and 18 show alternative devices according to embodiments of the invention.
- the control means of the switching means are a capacitive double link 120 allowing the pulses to pass and blocking the direct or low frequency current to ensure the galvanic isolation.
- the control signals are complementary to circulate a control current between the two links and ensure a common mode electrical isolation.
- said control means of the switching means comprise at least two capacitive coupling capacitors 501, 502 each having a first electrode 503 for receiving the control signals and a second electrode 504 for controlling switching means.
- the capacitors are made on a circuit support 505 composed of a polyimide material having a thickness of between 3 and 80 microns.
- said circuit support has on a first face the first electrodes 503 and on the second face the second electrodes 504 of said two coupling capacitors 501 and 502.
- control means of the switching means and the switching means are grouped into an electromagnetic micro-component 122, preferably in the so-called MEMs technology.
- switching means means can be used in particular, field effect transistors, bipolar transistors, electromagnetically controlled switches, electrostatic or optical.
- the switching frequency of the input signal SI may depend on the size of the coupling transformer used and the transfer rate through said transformer. This switching frequency is advantageously related to the capabilities of the detection and sampling means.
- the current measuring devices described above make it possible to measure any type of electrical signals, in particular currents, voltages, or several types in multiplex mode on the same magnetic circuit of the signal transformer.
- the input signal can be provided by a voltage divider bridge.
- the current measuring device can be of any type. If the electrical apparatus includes electrical protection functions such as those of a relay or a circuit breaker trip, the measurement resistors are advantageously electric shunts. These shunts may be of the resistor or impedance type, for example inductance type.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
- Testing Relating To Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07871820A EP2102668A2 (fr) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-10 | Dispositif de mesure de courant a isolation electrique, declencheur electronique, et disjoncteur comportant un tel dispositif |
CN2007800468679A CN101622544B (zh) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-10 | 电绝缘电流测量设备、电子触发器和包括这种设备的断路器 |
BRPI0720435-3A BRPI0720435A2 (pt) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-10 | Dispositivo de medida de corrente de isolamento elétrico, acionador eletrônico, e dijuntor comportando esse dispositivo |
US12/312,904 US8378663B2 (en) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-10 | Current measurement signal device with electrical isolation, electronic trip unit, and circuit breaker comprising one such device |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0611008A FR2910173B1 (fr) | 2006-12-18 | 2006-12-18 | Dispositif de mesure de courant a isolation electrique, declencheur electronique, et disjoncteur comportant un tel dispositif |
FR0611008 | 2006-12-18 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008087275A2 true WO2008087275A2 (fr) | 2008-07-24 |
WO2008087275A3 WO2008087275A3 (fr) | 2008-09-12 |
Family
ID=38294246
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR2007/002025 WO2008087275A2 (fr) | 2006-12-18 | 2007-12-10 | Dispositif de mesure de courant a isolation electrique, declencheur electronique, et disjoncteur comportant un tel dispositif |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8378663B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2102668A2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101622544B (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0720435A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2910173B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008087275A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2925222C (fr) | 2013-10-09 | 2023-09-05 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Dispositif de surveillance de circuit de ramification auto-contenu |
US10079619B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 | 2018-09-18 | Schneider Electric USA, Inc. | Wireless batteryless data processing unit |
CN107272498A (zh) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-10-20 | 华北理工大学 | 一种基于rfid的智能脱扣器 |
JP7101152B2 (ja) | 2019-09-06 | 2022-07-14 | 株式会社東芝 | 電子回路、電流計測装置、および方法 |
TWI705665B (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-09-21 | 緯創資通股份有限公司 | 訊號隔離系統及訊號隔離電路 |
US20210318361A1 (en) * | 2020-04-11 | 2021-10-14 | Tektronix, Inc. | Current shunt probe |
CN115777068B (zh) * | 2020-05-28 | 2024-09-27 | 日产自动车株式会社 | 电流检测装置及电流检测方法 |
JP7542338B2 (ja) | 2020-07-02 | 2024-08-30 | 株式会社東芝 | 電子回路、電流計測装置、電圧計測装置、電力変換器、およびインバータ |
JP7457609B2 (ja) * | 2020-09-01 | 2024-03-28 | 株式会社東芝 | 電子回路 |
DE102022203697B3 (de) * | 2022-04-12 | 2023-07-27 | Knick Elektronische Messgeräte GmbH & Co. KG | Überwachungsvorrichtung für hochdynamische Ströme, insbesondere für die Überwachung von Bahnströmen |
JP2024038891A (ja) | 2022-09-08 | 2024-03-21 | 株式会社東芝 | 電子回路及び電力変換器 |
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EP1326339A2 (fr) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-09 | Goodrich Control Systems Ltd | Circuit de commande de commutation |
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US4042871A (en) * | 1975-11-14 | 1977-08-16 | Ecc Corporation | Conversion system with overcurrent protection and start-up circuitry |
FR2664442B1 (fr) * | 1990-07-03 | 1996-04-26 | Merlin Gerin | Declencheur electronique comportant une fonction long retard amelioree. |
FR2725320B1 (fr) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-10-31 | Schneider Electric Sa | Dispositif de declenchement comportant au moins un transformateur de courant |
US5793196A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-08-11 | Sundstrand Corporation | Current transformer for measuring differential-mode and common-mode current |
FR2757699B1 (fr) * | 1996-12-23 | 1999-01-29 | Schneider Electric Sa | Declencheur electronique comportant, en serie, des filtres a reponse impulsionnelle finie et infinie |
FR2762156B1 (fr) * | 1997-04-15 | 1999-06-11 | Schneider Electric Sa | Declencheur electronique selectif, disjoncteur comportant un tel declencheur et procede de declenchement selectif |
US6191589B1 (en) * | 1999-03-29 | 2001-02-20 | George A. Spencer | Test circuit for an AFCI/GFCI circuit breaker |
FR2891093B1 (fr) * | 2005-09-16 | 2007-10-26 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Declencheur electronique pourvu de moyens de surveillance, disjoncteur comportant un tel declencheur et procede de surveillance. |
FR2910162B1 (fr) * | 2006-12-18 | 2009-12-11 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Dispositif de couplage de signal de mesure a isolation electrique et appareil electrique comportant un tel dispositif |
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2006
- 2006-12-18 FR FR0611008A patent/FR2910173B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2007-12-10 CN CN2007800468679A patent/CN101622544B/zh active Active
- 2007-12-10 BR BRPI0720435-3A patent/BRPI0720435A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-12-10 EP EP07871820A patent/EP2102668A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-10 WO PCT/FR2007/002025 patent/WO2008087275A2/fr active Application Filing
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GB1585890A (en) * | 1976-08-10 | 1981-03-11 | Gen Electric | Gating circuits for semiconductors |
JPH0377070A (ja) * | 1989-08-19 | 1991-04-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 自動車用直流電源の電流検出装置 |
JPH07110347A (ja) * | 1993-10-08 | 1995-04-25 | Nec Corp | 直流電流計測器 |
US20030076086A1 (en) * | 2000-12-25 | 2003-04-24 | Isoshi Takeda | Electrical quantity sensor |
EP1326339A2 (fr) * | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-09 | Goodrich Control Systems Ltd | Circuit de commande de commutation |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101622544B (zh) | 2013-04-17 |
BRPI0720435A2 (pt) | 2014-01-07 |
US20100045263A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
CN101622544A (zh) | 2010-01-06 |
FR2910173B1 (fr) | 2012-05-04 |
WO2008087275A3 (fr) | 2008-09-12 |
EP2102668A2 (fr) | 2009-09-23 |
FR2910173A1 (fr) | 2008-06-20 |
US8378663B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 |
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