WO2008076400A2 - Flexible fiber reinforced composite rebar - Google Patents
Flexible fiber reinforced composite rebar Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008076400A2 WO2008076400A2 PCT/US2007/025711 US2007025711W WO2008076400A2 WO 2008076400 A2 WO2008076400 A2 WO 2008076400A2 US 2007025711 W US2007025711 W US 2007025711W WO 2008076400 A2 WO2008076400 A2 WO 2008076400A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- bar
- set forth
- fibers
- cross sectional
- matrix
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
- B29C53/14—Twisting
Definitions
- reinforcing members When concrete is employed as a structural material, it is conventional to incorporate reinforcing members to enhance the tensile strength of the structure.
- the reinforcing members are usually comprised of a rigid rod or bar, such as a steel rod or bar. Such reinforcing members are typically referred to as "rebar".
- U. S. Patent No. 6,048,598 to Bryan, III et al. discloses a twisted rope rebar having individual fibers bound to each other by a thermosetting resin.
- U. S. Patent No. 5,580,642 to Okamoto et al. discloses a reinforcing member comprised of reinforcing fibers and thermoplastic fibers.
- U. S. Patent Nos. 5,593,536 and 5,626,700 to Kaiser disclose an apparatus for forming reinforcing structural rebar including a combination of pultrusion and SMC (sheet molding compound).
- the modified pultrusion produces a rebar having a core of thermoset resin reinforcing material and an outer sheet molding compound.
- U S Patent No. 5,077,113 to Kakihara et al. proposes an inner filament bundle layer spirally wound around a fiber-reinforced core, a plurality of intermediate filament bundles oriented axi ⁇ lly along the core, and an outer filament bundle spirally wound around the core and the other bundles.
- U. S. Patent No. 4,620,401 to L'Esperance et al. proposes a fiber reinforced thermosetting resin core and a plurality of continuous fibers helically wound around the core and impregnated with the thermosetting resin.
- the Jackson U. S. Patent No. 2,425,883 discloses a rod or bar formed of fine glass fibers with a phenolic resin cured under heat.
- the present invention provides an improved composite reinforcement bar or rebar structure.
- the rebar structure is generally formed by continuous fibers embedded in a thermoplastic resin matrix to form a reinforcement bar.
- the bar is flattened to achieve a cross sectional aspect ratio greater than one to one.
- the bar is then twisted in a substantially helical manner.
- the bar has a substantially elliptical cross sectional shape with a cross sectional aspect ratio of about two to one and a twist pitch of about 30 centimeters.
- the matrix may be a thermoplastic resin such as polypropylene, and the fibers may be formed of glass.
- the thermoplastic resin matrix allows the matrix to be softened by the application of heat to thereby bend or flex the bar to desired shapes. The capability of being conveniently bent is also aided by the cross sectional shape and aspect ratio and by the twist applied to the bar. Once bent to a desired shape, the bar is allowed to cool and re-harden to a substantially rigid state.
- Fig. 1 J s a diagrammatic view of a pultrusion process for forming the flexible fiber reinforced composite rebar of the present invention.
- Fig. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of a length of the flexible fiber reinforced composite rebar of the present invention.
- Fig. 3 is a greatly enlarged cross sectional view of the rebar taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 2.
- the reference numeral 1 generally designates a flexible fiber reinforced composite reinforcement bar or rebar structure embodying the present invention.
- the rebar structure 1 generally includes a plurality of reinforcement fibers 2 (Figs. 2 and 3) embedded within a thermoplastic resin matrix 3.
- the rebar structure 1 is twisted in a generally helical manner.
- Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates system and process 10 for manufacturing the rebar structure 1.
- the fibers 2 are provided in the form of "ravings" or twisted strands on the spools 14.
- the fibers 2 may be man made or artificial continuous filaments, such as carbon, glass, aramid, organic and/or metallic fiber.
- the creel arrangement 12 provides the fibers with optimum pre-tension in order to maximize the impregnation of the polymer 3 into the fibers 2.
- the particular arrangement of the creel system 12 may vary depending upon the form of the reinforcement/roving 2 provided by the suppliers.
- the fibers move through a guides 16 which might consist of guide pins and tensioners, depending upon the final size of the end product.
- the illustrated process 10 includes a dryer 20 into which thermoplastic resin 3 is fed.
- a heater component 22 heats the thermoplastic resin to a plastic state.
- a screw “pump” 24 forces the heated resin into the impregnation chamber 18.
- the impregnation chamber 18, an important component of the process 10, includes two parts.
- a first part 26 the fibers 2 come into contact with the thermoplastic polymer 3 pumped into the impregnation chamber 18.
- the design of the chamber 18 enables creation of high shear zones for the thermoplastic polymer 3 that results in significant reduction of the viscosity thereof. This reduction of the viscosity tremendously improves the impregnation of the high viscous polymeric material 3 into the fibers 2.
- the impregnated fibers 2 are converged into a consolidated impregnated rebar 30. Depending upon the final shape required, the consolidated rebar 30 is given its final shape while it is still hot.
- the cooler system 32 Once the rebar 30 with its final shape leaves the impregnation chamber 18, it goes through a cooler system 32.
- the design of the cooler system depends upon the final form of the product.
- the cooler system 32 might be in the form of a long tube with water sprinklers (not shown) attached along its length. The sprinklers would be used to spray water on the thermoplastic rebar 30 to cool its surface.
- the impregnated rebar 30 next moves through the puller 36.
- the puller 36 pulls the impregnated rebar 30 though the entire device throughout the manufacturing process 10.
- the impregnated rebar enters a cutter station 38, which cuts the final product to its required length.
- thermoplastic rebar 30 consists of E-glass, or electrical grade glass, as the fiber reinforcement 2 and polypropylene as the thermoplastic matrix 3.
- the fiber volume ratio is approximately 45% of the total volume of the rebar 30, a representative value for typical long fiber thermoplastic processes.
- a thermoplastic rebar design optimization was performed using ABAQUSTM finite element analysis software (Dassault Systemes Societe Anonyme France, www.simulia.com).
- An optimal profile for the rebar 30 was found to be an elliptical cross sectional shape having an aspect ratio of about 2:1, with specific dimensions varying for different rebar sizes.
- the rebar 30 has a major axis of about 0.75 inch (19.05 mm) and a minor axis of about 0.375 inch (9.53 mm). It is foreseen that the rebar 30 could alternatively have other flattened shapes which are not specifically elliptical. Further, the optimal profile also includes a twist pitch of 30 centimeters (cm) or about one twist per 12 inches of rebar 30. Alternatively, the twist pitch may fall within a range of about 6 to 24 inches (15.24 to 60.96 cm). An example profile is illustrated below in Figure 2, and additional highlights of the design optimization are described below.
- thermoplastic matrix 3 was chosen over thermoset because a thermoplastic material has the potential for being bendable in the field.
- One embodiment of the rebar structure incorporates a polypropylene resin as the thermoplastic matrix 3.
- other thermoplastic resins could be advantageously employed for use in some applications and environments. Bending the rebar 30 may require onsite heating, which will reduce the stresses resulting from the applied bending force. The heating is preferably not of a temperature which would actually melt the thermoplastic material 3, but only to temporarily soften the rebar 30 for bending. The heating temperature may range from about 150 to 200F (65.6 to 93.3 0 C).
- a rebar structure 1 having an elliptical cross-section with bends along the major axis appears to meet the demands of being bendable in the field.
- the elliptical shape minimizes transverse stress, while twists allow ease of bending without having to align the rebar.
- the twist pitch represents the resolution of bend length; that is, if the pitch is 30 cm, the rebar can only be bent every 30 cm. It was determined that increasing the twists in the rebar 30 (that is, decreasing the twist pitch) increases stress and strain values. Of the many twist pitches considered during analysis, the profile which showed the least longitudinal stress was the pitch 30 cm. Further, rebar was found to be optimally bendable in the horizontal to normal plane of the cross section, that is, about the major axis.
- thermoplastic rebar structure 1 meeting the criteria of bendability in the field yet not requiring alignment included a polypropylene matrix 3 with E-glass fibers 2 at a 45% fiber volume ratio, a substantially elliptical profile with an aspect ratio of about 2:1 , and a twist pitch of about 30 centimeters.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2007334387A AU2007334387A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2007-12-14 | Flexible fiber reinforced composite rebar |
CA002671371A CA2671371A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2007-12-14 | Flexible fiber reinforced composite rebar |
EP07862985A EP2102434A4 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2007-12-14 | Flexible fiber reinforced composite rebar |
JP2009541413A JP2010513751A (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2007-12-14 | Bendable fiber reinforced composite rebar |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US87482806P | 2006-12-14 | 2006-12-14 | |
US60/874,828 | 2006-12-14 | ||
US11/955,637 US20080141614A1 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2007-12-13 | Flexible fiber reinforced composite rebar |
US11/955,637 | 2007-12-13 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008076400A2 true WO2008076400A2 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
WO2008076400A3 WO2008076400A3 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
Family
ID=39525468
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2007/025711 WO2008076400A2 (en) | 2006-12-14 | 2007-12-14 | Flexible fiber reinforced composite rebar |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080141614A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2102434A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010513751A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2007334387A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2671371A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008076400A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017219774A1 (en) | 2017-11-07 | 2019-05-09 | Leichtbau-Zentrum Sachsen Gmbh | Method and plant for the production of fiber-matrix composite profiles with axially rotating cross-section and adjustable fiber orientation |
Families Citing this family (28)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102011002796A1 (en) * | 2011-01-17 | 2012-07-19 | Sgl Carbon Se | Carrier element for receiving in a train or Lastträgergurt |
BR112013025588A2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2016-12-27 | Ticona Llc | umbilical cable for use in underwater applications |
AU2012242930B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2016-03-31 | Southwire Company | Electrical transmission cables with composite cores |
CN103547439A (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2014-01-29 | 提克纳有限责任公司 | Die and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
CN103547440B (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2017-03-29 | 提克纳有限责任公司 | For impregnating the mould impregnation section and method of fiber roving |
US10676845B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2020-06-09 | Ticona Llc | Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic rod and pultrusion method for its manufacture |
US9190184B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2015-11-17 | Ticona Llc | Composite core for electrical transmission cables |
JP6073861B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2017-02-01 | ティコナ・エルエルシー | Method for impregnating dies and fiber rovings with gate passages to diffuse flow |
CA2775442C (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2019-01-08 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section with upstream surface and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
CA2775445C (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2019-04-09 | Ticona Llc | Die and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
CA2746281A1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-01-14 | Pultrall Inc. | Curved reinforcement rod having improved strength in the curvature and the method to procuce the rod |
WO2013016121A1 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2013-01-31 | Ticona Llc | Extruder and method for producing high fiber density resin structures |
WO2013086259A1 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-13 | Ticona Llc | Die and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
JP2015505752A (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2015-02-26 | ティコナ・エルエルシー | Impregnation section and die for impregnating fiber roving |
US9283708B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-03-15 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section for impregnating fiber rovings |
WO2013086258A1 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-13 | Ticona Llc | Asymmetric fiber reinforced polymer tape |
US9289936B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-03-22 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section of die for impregnating fiber rovings |
CA2773042A1 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-23 | Pultrall Inc. | Curved rod with improved mechanical resistance on its curve and production method therefof |
US9410644B2 (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2016-08-09 | Ticona Llc | Subsea pipe section with reinforcement layer |
DE102015100386A1 (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2016-07-14 | Technische Universität Dresden | Reinforcing rod of filament composite and method for its production |
US10036165B1 (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2018-07-31 | Global Energy Sciences, Llc | Continuous glass fiber reinforcement for concrete containment cages |
DK178510B1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-04-18 | Fiberline Composites As | Semi-finished and structural element made from the same |
US10480320B2 (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2019-11-19 | Minova International Limited | Oval bar |
DE102017107948A1 (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2018-10-18 | Technische Universität Dresden | Reinforcing bar for insertion into a concrete matrix and its production method, a reinforcement system consisting of several reinforcing bars and a concrete component |
DE102017120143A1 (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2019-03-07 | Groz-Beckert Kg | Bending method and bending device for bending a composite rod |
CN116411676A (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2023-07-11 | 欧文斯科宁知识产权资产有限公司 | Composite steel bar |
CN113352651B (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-06-24 | 江苏易鼎复合技术有限公司 | Exposed continuous deformation composite material section |
JP2023062721A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-05-09 | 学校法人金沢工業大学 | Concrete reinforcement composite material and concrete reinforcing bar |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2425883A (en) | 1941-08-08 | 1947-08-19 | John G Jackson | Concrete structural element reinforced with glass filaments |
US5727357A (en) | 1996-05-22 | 1998-03-17 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Composite reinforcement |
US6612085B2 (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2003-09-02 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Reinforcing bars for concrete structures |
Family Cites Families (11)
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GB611492A (en) * | 1946-05-02 | 1948-10-29 | John Lloyd Bannister | Improvements in reinforcing bars |
FR1068604A (en) * | 1949-12-10 | 1954-06-29 | Concrete reinforcement | |
US4376834A (en) * | 1981-10-14 | 1983-03-15 | The Upjohn Company | Polyurethane prepared by reaction of an organic polyisocyanate, a chain extender and an isocyanate-reactive material of m.w. 500-20,000 characterized by the use of only 2-25 percent by weight of the latter material |
CA1238205A (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1988-06-21 | Cerminco Inc. | Structural rod for reinforcing concrete material |
JPH0718206B2 (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 1995-03-01 | 帝人株式会社 | Method of manufacturing structural rod |
JPH05269726A (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-19 | Mitsui Constr Co Ltd | Reinforcing material for structure of civil engineering structure |
JPH10506584A (en) * | 1994-06-28 | 1998-06-30 | マーシャル・インダストリーズ・コンポジッツ | Molding equipment for building structure reinforcing bars |
US5650220A (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 1997-07-22 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Formable reinforcing bar and method for making same |
US5891560A (en) * | 1997-07-02 | 1999-04-06 | The Dow Chemical Company | Fiber-reinforced composite and method of making same |
US6048598A (en) * | 1997-12-17 | 2000-04-11 | Balaba Concrete Supply, Inc. | Composite reinforcing member |
DE10108357A1 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2002-08-29 | Sika Ag, Vorm. Kaspar Winkler & Co | Reinforcing bar and method for its production |
-
2007
- 2007-12-13 US US11/955,637 patent/US20080141614A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-14 EP EP07862985A patent/EP2102434A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-14 WO PCT/US2007/025711 patent/WO2008076400A2/en active Application Filing
- 2007-12-14 AU AU2007334387A patent/AU2007334387A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-12-14 JP JP2009541413A patent/JP2010513751A/en active Pending
- 2007-12-14 CA CA002671371A patent/CA2671371A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2425883A (en) | 1941-08-08 | 1947-08-19 | John G Jackson | Concrete structural element reinforced with glass filaments |
US5727357A (en) | 1996-05-22 | 1998-03-17 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Composite reinforcement |
US6612085B2 (en) | 2000-01-13 | 2003-09-02 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Reinforcing bars for concrete structures |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2102434A4 |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017219774A1 (en) | 2017-11-07 | 2019-05-09 | Leichtbau-Zentrum Sachsen Gmbh | Method and plant for the production of fiber-matrix composite profiles with axially rotating cross-section and adjustable fiber orientation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2010513751A (en) | 2010-04-30 |
US20080141614A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
EP2102434A2 (en) | 2009-09-23 |
AU2007334387A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
WO2008076400A3 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
CA2671371A1 (en) | 2008-06-26 |
EP2102434A4 (en) | 2009-11-25 |
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