WO2008075291A2 - Procédé et véhicule de remplissage d'une cuve de stockage de gaz à des débits accrus - Google Patents

Procédé et véhicule de remplissage d'une cuve de stockage de gaz à des débits accrus Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008075291A2
WO2008075291A2 PCT/IB2007/055211 IB2007055211W WO2008075291A2 WO 2008075291 A2 WO2008075291 A2 WO 2008075291A2 IB 2007055211 W IB2007055211 W IB 2007055211W WO 2008075291 A2 WO2008075291 A2 WO 2008075291A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coolant
vehicle
cooling system
conduit
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2007/055211
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008075291A3 (fr
Inventor
Pascal Tessier
Frederic Barth
Original Assignee
L'air Liquide-Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/924,063 external-priority patent/US20080289591A1/en
Application filed by L'air Liquide-Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical L'air Liquide-Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude
Publication of WO2008075291A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008075291A2/fr
Publication of WO2008075291A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008075291A3/fr

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C11/00Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels
    • F17C11/005Use of gas-solvents or gas-sorbents in vessels for hydrogen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60PVEHICLES ADAPTED FOR LOAD TRANSPORTATION OR TO TRANSPORT, TO CARRY, OR TO COMPRISE SPECIAL LOADS OR OBJECTS
    • B60P3/00Vehicles adapted to transport, to carry or to comprise special loads or objects
    • B60P3/22Tank vehicles
    • B60P3/224Tank vehicles comprising auxiliary devices, e.g. for unloading or level indicating

Definitions

  • a typical compressed hydrogen installation at a customer facility can be made of two cylinder bundles with 100 to 250 Nm 3 of hydrogen depending on local industrial practice.
  • One cylinder bundle will typically occupy a surface of 1 meter x 1 meter, and the installation comprising the two bundles and space necessary to load them to, and unload them from, a truck will have a typical footprint of 1 meter x 4 meters, excluding security fencing and surface free from any structure according to applicable regulations.
  • FeTiH 2 can contain approximately 1000 Nm 3 of hydrogen per cubic meter of material. Even with the cooling path and heat exchange material inserted, the volumetric density of stored hydrogen can be much higher. 200 liters of hydrogen-absorbing material is sufficient to store 200 Nm 3 of hydrogen. The heat of absorption of hydrogen in FeTi is approximately 30 kJ/mol H 2 or 0.37 kWh/Nm 3 H 2 .
  • One method of filling a gas storage vessel includes the following steps.
  • a compressed gas is allowed to flow from a compressed gas storage tank borne by a compressed gas delivery vehicle to a gas storage vessel where it is sorbed by a sorbent material contained therein, wherein the gas storage vessel is not borne by the vehicle.
  • a primary coolant fluid is allowed to flow through a primary coolant path circulating between the gas storage vessel and a primary cooling system borne by the vehicle thereby cooling the sorbent material.
  • the method may include one or more of the following aspects:
  • the sorbent material is a metal hydride and the gas is hydrogen.
  • the gas is silane and the sorbent material is a zeolite.
  • a secondary coolant flow path extends between an internal combustion engine of the vehicle and a vehicle radiator and said primary and secondary coolant flow paths do not fluidly communicate.
  • a secondary coolant flow path extends between an internal combustion engine of the vehicle and the primary cooling system and the primary cooling system is a vehicle radiator.
  • first and second valves are provided that are adapted and configured to selectively allow flow of the primary coolant through the primary coolant flow path or the secondary coolant flow path and the first and second valves are actuated to place them in orientations that either allows a flow of the primary coolant through the primary coolant flow path or the secondary coolant flow path, or allows a flow of the primary coolant through the primary coolant flow path or the secondary coolant flow path.
  • a vehicle for filling a gas storage tank that includes: a chassis; a hydrocarbon fuel tank; an internal combustion engine borne by the chassis and being adapted and configured to combust hydrocarbon fuel from the hydrocarbon fuel tank to produce power for propelling the vehicle; a radiator including a pump, a coolant conduit, and a fan, the radiator pump adapted and configured to pump coolant through or from the radiator coolant conduit, the radiator fan being adapted and configured to blow air at the radiator coolant conduit to remove heat from radiator fluid flowing therethrough; a compressed gas tank borne by the chassis and having an outlet valve; and a cooling system borne by the chassis, the cooling system comprising a pump, a cooling conduit, and a fan, the cooling system pump being adapted and configured to pump coolant through or from the cooling system cooling conduit, the cooling system fan being adapted and configured to blow air at the cooling system cooling conduit
  • the first embodiment of the vehicle may include one or more of the following aspects: a coolant outlet conduit having first and second ends, the first coolant outlet conduit end extending from the cooling system, the second coolant outlet conduit end being adapted and configured to be coupled with a coolant fluid inlet of a gas storage vessel with a liquid-tight seal; and a coolant inlet conduit having first and second ends, the first coolant inlet conduit end extending from the cooling system, the second coolant outlet conduit end being adapted and configured to be coupled with a coolant fluid outlet of a gas storage vessel with a liquid-tight seal.
  • a compressed gas dispenser having first and second ends, the first dispenser end extending from the outlet valve and being in selective fluid communication with an interior of the compressed gas tank via the outlet valve, the second dispenser end being adapted and configured to be coupled with a compressed gas inlet of a gas storage vessel with a gas-tight seal,
  • the cooling system has a cooling power of 2-500 kW.
  • the cooling system has a cooling power of 50-150 kW.
  • a second embodiment of a vehicle for filling a gas storage tank that includes: a chassis; a hydrocarbon fuel tank; an internal combustion engine borne by the chassis and being adapted and configured to combust hydrocarbon fuel from the hydrocarbon fuel tank to produce power for propelling the vehicle; a compressed gas tank borne by the chassis and having an outlet valve; a cooling system borne by the chassis, said cooling system comprising a pump, a cooling conduit having first and second ends, and a fan, said pump being adapted and configured to pump coolant through or from the cooling conduit, said fan being adapted and configured to blow air at the cooling conduit; first and second valves; a first radiator hose extending from and in fluid communication with an interior of the engine and extending to and in selective fluid communication with the first valve; a second radiator hose extending from and in fluid communication with an interior of the engine and extending to and in selective fluid communication with the second valve; a coolant outlet conduit extending from and in selective fluid communication with the first valve and terminating at an end that is adapted and
  • the second embodiment of the vehicle may include one or more of the following aspects: a compressed gas dispenser having first and second ends, the first dispenser end extending from the outlet valve and being in selective fluid communication with an interior of said compressed gas tank via said outlet valve, said second dispenser end being adapted and configured to be coupled with a compressed gas inlet of a gas storage vessel with a gas-tight seal.
  • the cooling system has a cooling power of 2-500 kW.
  • the cooling system has a cooling power of 50-150 kW.
  • the chassis is not intended to be limited to only unitary structures.
  • the chassis may also be a multi-part chassis such as those used by reticulated trailers.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic of one embodiment of the disclosed system including heat transfer between the storage tank and an auxiliary radiator.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic of another embodiment of the system including heat transfer between the storage tank and a radiator of the vehicle.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic of a portion of the embodiment of Figure 2.
  • adsorption is a process that occurs when a gas accumulates on the surface or in pores of a solid, forming a molecular or atomic film (the adsorbate).
  • absorption is a physical or chemical phenomenon or a process in which atoms, molecules, or ions enter some bulk phase of gas, liquid or solid material.
  • Absorption is a different process from adsorption, since the molecules are taken up by the volume, not by surface. Either of these two processes will release heat of enthalpy because the atoms, molecules, or ions reach a lower energy state when absorbed or adsorbed. Conversely, energy must be supplied to the sorptive material in order to desorb the atoms, molecules, or ions.
  • a method and system for filling a gas storage vessel wherein a cooling system is associated with the vehicle transporting the compressed gas with which the vessel is filled.
  • a cooling system is associated with the vehicle transporting the compressed gas with which the vessel is filled.
  • adsorbent material include activated carbon, zeolite materials, activated alumina, aluminosilicates, silica gel, and porous glass.
  • Non-limiting examples of gases used with an adsorbent include hydride and halide gases, such as silane, diborane, propane, methane, natural gas, germane, ammonia, stibine, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen selenide, hydrogen telluride, and corresponding and other halide (chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine) gaseous compounds such as NF 3 , and organometallic Group V compounds such as (CH 3 ) 3 Sb.
  • gases used with an adsorbent include hydride and halide gases, such as silane, diborane, propane, methane, natural gas, germane, ammonia, stibine, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen selenide, hydrogen telluride, and corresponding and other halide (chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine) gaseous compounds such as NF 3 , and organometallic Group V compounds such as (CH 3 ) 3 Sb.
  • the current method and system may be performed with any combination of absorbent material and gas that exhibits reversible absorption.
  • absorbent material and gas that exhibits reversible absorption.
  • gas and absorbent material is that of hydrogen and a metal hydride.
  • Non-limiting examples of metal hydrides include Mg 2 NiH 4 , NaAIH 4 , LaNi 5 H 6 , MgH 2 , FeTM 2 Na 3 AIH 6 , CaNi 5 H 6 , and LaNi 4 H 6 , and other advanced metal hydrides believed to reversibly absorb hydrogen such as Li 3 AIH 6 , LiMg(AIK),, LiNH 2 -MgH 2 , and KLiAIH,.
  • the storage vessel may itself be part of a more complex energy system at a customer location where it is connected to a stationary hydrogen consumption device not borne by the vehicle.
  • a regenerative energy system comprising photovoltaic(s) panel(s) and/or wind mill(s) for supplying electricity, an electrolyzer, and a fuel cell. Hydrogen produced by the electrolyzer is stored in the storage vessel.
  • the fuel cell consumes hydrogen and air (or oxygen) to produce a supplemental or alternative supply of electricity.
  • a vehicle 1 has an onboard compressed gas container 3 and an onboard cooling system 17.
  • gas from compressed gas container 3 flows through compressed gas container outlet conduit 4, compressed gas outlet valve 9a and into compressed gas outlet conduit 9b.
  • a compressed gas fitting 9c connects conduit 9b and a gas storage vessel inlet valve 9e.
  • fitting 9c (as well as fittings 5c, 7c) comprises the combination of devices permanently attached to the end of conduit 5b and inlet valve 5e that are adapted to provide a gas-tight seal between conduit 5b and valve 5e. As the gas is sorbed by sorbent material contained in gas storage vessel 13, heat is generated.
  • a cooling system 17 is employed with the gas storage vessel 13.
  • a coolant fluid is chilled at cooling system 17 while traversing cooling system heat exchange conduit 15. Chilled coolant is pumped out of the cooling system 17 via cooling system outlet valve 5a and into cooling system outlet conduit 5b.
  • a chilled coolant fitting 5c connects cooling system outlet conduit 5b and gas storage vessel coolant inlet valve 5e. The chilled coolant flows past valve 5e and into gas storage vessel heat exchange conduit 11.
  • cooling system 17 heat generated by filling gas storage vessel 13 with the gas is removed by coolant fluid traversing conduit 1 1.
  • the warmed coolant fluid returns to cooling system 17 via gas storage vessel coolant outlet valve 7e, warm coolant fluid fitting 7c, cooling system inlet conduit 7b, and cooling system inlet valve 7a.
  • the cooling system also includes a pump, which one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize may be located anywhere along the coolant fluid path, and an expansion tank serving as a reservoir for coolant fluid and buffer for moderating pressure fluctuations in the coolant fluid path.
  • coolant fluid from the internal combustion engine 19 is separately cooled by radiator 21.
  • the vehicle 1 need not have an onboard cooling system 17.
  • the coolant fluid may be chilled with vehicle radiator 21.
  • chilled coolant fluid is pumped from radiator 21 through chilled coolant outlet conduit 6 and warmed coolant fluid returns to radiator 21 via warm coolant inlet conduit 8.
  • second radiator valve 25 is actuated to prevent flow of coolant from second radiator hose 32 to radiator 21 while allowing coolant flow from warm coolant inlet conduit 8 to radiator 21.
  • first radiator valve 31 is actuated to prevent flow of coolant from radiator 21 to first radiator hose 33 while allowing coolant flow from radiator 21 to chilled coolant inlet conduit 6.
  • coolant from the gas storage vessel 13 flows through warm coolant inlet conduit 8 and into radiator heat exchange conduit 27 where it is cooled with the fan. Chilled coolant then flows to the vessel 13 via coolant inlet conduit 6.
  • second radiator valve 25 to allow flow of coolant from second radiator hose 32 to radiator 21 and prevent flow of coolant from warm coolant inlet conduit 8 to radiator 21.
  • first radiator valve 31 is actuated to allow flow of coolant from radiator 21 to first radiator hose 33 while preventing coolant flow from radiator 21 to chilled coolant inlet conduit 6. With first and second valves 25, 31 in these latter orientations, coolant from engine 19 may be cooled at radiator 21.
  • conduits, valves, and fittings on the vehicle associated with the coolant path of the gas storage vessel need not be specifically disposed in the locations illustrated by the Figures. Rather, they may be located anywhere on the vehicle 1 so long as they suitably perform their functions.
  • a temperature control system is advantageously used to control the coolant fluid flow with a coolant fluid pump in order to provide the proper cooling rate while filling the storage vessel 13.
  • the coolant removing heat from the storage vessel 13 may be cooled by both the cooling system 17 of Figure 1 and the radiator 21 of Figures 2-3 whether in parallel or in series.
  • the various combinations of conduits, valves, and manifolds needed to achieve these alternative cooling schemes are well within the knowledge of the ordinarily skilled artisan.
  • the heat exchange surface area and cross-sectional dimension of the cooling conduit of the cooling system may be sized to accommodate the cooling capacity required for filling a gas storage vessel at a certain mass flow rate. It is well within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize existing heat exchange models in engineering texts in designing the cooling system. In the case of the heat exchange conduit of the gas storage vessel, it is also well within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize existing teachings on heat exchangers for use with gas adsorbent or absorbent systems.
  • the required cooling capacity of the gas storage vessel may be empirically determined and the cooling system selected according to the determined capacity.
  • empirical testing may be designed according to an estimated required cooling capacity.
  • the estimated required cooling capacity may be roughly calculated by multiplying the molar heat of enthalpy of the sorption reaction between the gas and the sorbent material (which is well known in the art) by the mass flow rate (in moles per unit time) of the gas.
  • an off-the-shelf refrigeration system or radiator with rated cooling capacity may be selected. The suitability of such a selected cooling system may be easily and empirically determined by filling the gas storage vessel while monitoring its temperature.
  • the cooling system (or radiator in the embodiment of Figures 2-3) has a cooling power of about 2-500 kW, and more preferably about 50-150 kW.
  • the vehicle 1 is propelled by combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel in fuel tank 20 by internal combustion engine 19.
  • cooling system 17 or radiator 21 and associate pump(s) are best powered by electricity either from the vehicle's battery or other suitable electrical power source.
  • Preferred processes and apparatus for practicing the present invention have been described. It will be understood and readily apparent to the skilled artisan that many changes and modifications may be made to the above- described embodiments without departing from the spirit and the scope of the present invention. The foregoing is illustrative only and other embodiments of the integrated processes and apparatus may be employed without departing from the true scope of the invention defined in the following claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un véhicule de distribution de gaz comprimé qui comporte un système de refroidissement. Le système de refroidissement refroidit un intérieur d'une cuve de stockage de gaz pendant que la cuve est remplie de gaz. Dans ce système, le gaz est sorbé par un sorbant comprenant un adsorbant ou un absorbant.
PCT/IB2007/055211 2006-12-19 2007-12-18 Procédé et véhicule de remplissage d'une cuve de stockage de gaz à des débits accrus WO2008075291A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US87065506P 2006-12-19 2006-12-19
US60/870,655 2006-12-19
US11/924,063 US20080289591A1 (en) 2006-12-19 2007-10-25 Vehicle for Filing a Hydrogen Storage Vessel at Enhanced Flow Rates
US11/924,040 US20080264514A1 (en) 2006-12-19 2007-10-25 System and Method for Filling a Hydrogen Storage Vessel at Enhanced Flow Rates
US11/924,040 2007-10-25
US11/924,063 2007-10-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008075291A2 true WO2008075291A2 (fr) 2008-06-26
WO2008075291A3 WO2008075291A3 (fr) 2008-10-16

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014057416A1 (fr) * 2012-10-09 2014-04-17 Basf Se Procédé permettant de charger un accumulateur à sorption avec un gaz
US9243754B2 (en) 2012-10-09 2016-01-26 Basf Se Method of charging a sorption store with a gas
EP3093549A1 (fr) * 2015-05-11 2016-11-16 Basf Se Véhicule comprenant un moteur à combustion interne,au moins une cuve de stockage et une chambre de refroidissement et/ou une unité de conditionnement d'air

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05284421A (ja) * 1992-04-03 1993-10-29 Toshiba Corp 映像信号送受信装置
US5961697A (en) * 1996-05-20 1999-10-05 Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. Bulk storage and dispensing system for fluids
JP2000095020A (ja) * 1998-09-26 2000-04-04 Equos Research Co Ltd 水素製造車両及び水素供給システム
US20040031390A1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-19 Vitaliy Myasnikov Onboard hydrogen storage unit with heat transfer system for use in a hydrogen powered vehicle
EP1394105A1 (fr) * 2002-08-13 2004-03-03 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Système d'alimentation en hydrogène et système mobile de production d'hydrogène
US6745801B1 (en) * 2003-03-25 2004-06-08 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Mobile hydrogen generation and supply system
WO2004068025A2 (fr) * 2003-01-24 2004-08-12 Alan Niedzwiecki Station de ravitaillement en hydrogene transportable
EP1517079A1 (fr) * 2003-09-19 2005-03-23 Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Ag Station mobile de remplissage

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH05284421A (ja) * 1992-04-03 1993-10-29 Toshiba Corp 映像信号送受信装置
US5961697A (en) * 1996-05-20 1999-10-05 Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. Bulk storage and dispensing system for fluids
JP2000095020A (ja) * 1998-09-26 2000-04-04 Equos Research Co Ltd 水素製造車両及び水素供給システム
EP1394105A1 (fr) * 2002-08-13 2004-03-03 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Système d'alimentation en hydrogène et système mobile de production d'hydrogène
US20040031390A1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-19 Vitaliy Myasnikov Onboard hydrogen storage unit with heat transfer system for use in a hydrogen powered vehicle
WO2004068025A2 (fr) * 2003-01-24 2004-08-12 Alan Niedzwiecki Station de ravitaillement en hydrogene transportable
US6745801B1 (en) * 2003-03-25 2004-06-08 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Mobile hydrogen generation and supply system
EP1517079A1 (fr) * 2003-09-19 2005-03-23 Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft Ag Station mobile de remplissage

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014057416A1 (fr) * 2012-10-09 2014-04-17 Basf Se Procédé permettant de charger un accumulateur à sorption avec un gaz
CN104704282A (zh) * 2012-10-09 2015-06-10 巴斯夫欧洲公司 给吸附存储器充填气体的方法
US9243754B2 (en) 2012-10-09 2016-01-26 Basf Se Method of charging a sorption store with a gas
EP3093549A1 (fr) * 2015-05-11 2016-11-16 Basf Se Véhicule comprenant un moteur à combustion interne,au moins une cuve de stockage et une chambre de refroidissement et/ou une unité de conditionnement d'air
WO2016180807A1 (fr) * 2015-05-11 2016-11-17 Basf Se Véhicule comprenant un moteur à combustion interne, au moins un récipient de stockage et une chambre de refroidissement et, facultativement, une unité de conditionnement d'air

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Publication number Publication date
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