WO2008074206A1 - Procédé de compensation de dispersion et système de transmission optique - Google Patents

Procédé de compensation de dispersion et système de transmission optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008074206A1
WO2008074206A1 PCT/CN2007/002587 CN2007002587W WO2008074206A1 WO 2008074206 A1 WO2008074206 A1 WO 2008074206A1 CN 2007002587 W CN2007002587 W CN 2007002587W WO 2008074206 A1 WO2008074206 A1 WO 2008074206A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
compensation
optical
electrical
dispersion
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2007/002587
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yue Liu
Wei Fu
Zhihui Tao
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to EP07800806A priority Critical patent/EP2051417A1/en
Publication of WO2008074206A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008074206A1/zh
Priority to US12/403,865 priority patent/US20090175629A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
    • H04B10/2513—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
    • H04B10/25137—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion using pulse shaping at the transmitter, e.g. pre-chirping or dispersion supported transmission [DST]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2507—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion
    • H04B10/2513—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion
    • H04B10/25133—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion due to chromatic dispersion including a lumped electrical or optical dispersion compensator

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical fiber communication, and in particular to a dispersion compensation method and an optical fiber transmission system. Background technique
  • dispersion The phenomenon that different frequency components of signals transmitted in an optical fiber or different mode components of a signal have different transmission speeds causing distortion of a signal waveform is called dispersion.
  • the effect of dispersion on optical transmission is to cause intersymbol interference between data pulses. The damage caused by dispersion to system performance can not be ignored.
  • the optical fiber transmission system with a transmission rate of 10 Gbit/s or more requires dispersion compensation technology to ensure the transmission function of the system.
  • Dispersion Compensation Fiber implements dispersion compensation. Although this dispersion compensation method is easy to apply, there are several insurmountable defects, namely, large volume, signal delay, additional compensation for the amplifier, and high cost. And this compensation method cannot flexibly provide variable dispersion compensation. Although it is practical in point-to-point optical transmission systems, it is applied to complex wavelength-up/down networks, especially dynamic reconfigurable flexible networks. In the middle, because the transmission path of the optical compensation is different, the chromatic dispersion experienced is different, and the compensation method of the DCF is difficult to meet the application requirements. However, as network traffic continues to accelerate the convergence of dynamic IP traffic, a flexible and dynamic optical network infrastructure is indispensable. The flexible optical network layer needs to have flexible network nodes, which can perform dynamic and simple network reconstruction, respond to the control layer's arbitrary wavelength resource scheduling and allocation, and dynamic routing requirements.
  • Electro-dispersion compensation refers to partially or completely compensating for the degradation of the transmitted signal by the method of electrical domain signal processing in the transmitting module or the receiving module of the optical transmission system.
  • the compensation method for signal processing in the transmitting module is pre-compensation mode, and the compensation for signal processing in the receiving module is called post-compensation mode.
  • the electric dispersion compensation method almost overcomes all the defects of the above DCF compensation method.
  • the advantage of the electric domain compensation method is that it can provide adaptive dispersion compensation, that is, the amount of dispersion compensation can be adjusted. This function is the basis for realizing dynamically configurable network.
  • the compensation method of the electric domain also has limitations.
  • the achievable dispersion compensation range is limited, generally 2000 ps/nm, that is, it can only compensate the transmission distance of the ordinary single-mode fiber less than 200 km; and the pre-compensation Although the method can realize the compensation of the transmission distance of thousands of kilometers, it must be received near the predetermined compensation distance. Therefore, these two kinds of electric domain compensation methods are difficult to directly construct a transmission network with long distance without online dispersion compensation or a dynamically configured network.
  • the signal is pre-processed before the optical transmission module, and the influence of the dispersion caused by the transmission line on the signal is compensated in advance, that is, on the transmission line, the signal is in the In the overcompensated state, the signal is restored to the original waveform only when the preset compensation distance is transmitted, regardless of other factors.
  • the receiving limit of the system using the pre-compensation method in the above-mentioned electric domain compensation mode is as shown in the figure. 2, when the transmission distance is between point A and point B, to compensate the appropriate range, the signal can be received. When the transmission distance is less than point A, it is overcompensated. When it is greater than point B, it is undercompensated. Point C is the best receiving distance. When the transmission distance becomes longer and shorter, the pre-compensation module needs to adjust the compensation amount.
  • the quality of the transmitted signal can only be detected at the receiving end, that is, for the transmission system using the pre-compensation scheme, in order to achieve adaptive compensation, the feedback control signal must be transmitted from the receiving node to the transmitting node, but in a complex network, especially a mesh In the network, it is more difficult, and the feedback signal will produce a delay.
  • the optical tunable dispersion compensator achieves a dispersion compensation range of less than 3000 ps/nm, and can support signals of 10 Gbit/s over a single mode fiber with a distance of less than 200 km, based on maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE, Maximum).
  • MLSE maximum likelihood sequence estimation
  • the EDC of Likelihood Sequence Estimate can achieve a compensation range of no more than 3000ps/nm. Therefore, this compensation scheme also requires online DCF compensation technology when implementing long-distance transmission.
  • embodiments of the present invention provide a dispersion compensation method and an optical fiber transmission system.
  • the technical solution is as follows:
  • a dispersion compensation method comprising the following steps:
  • the transmitting end performs electrical pre-compensation processing on the signal to be transmitted, obtains a distorted electric signal, and modulates the optical carrier signal according to the distorted electric signal, and converts into a distorted optical signal;
  • the distortion optical signal is recovered to the recovery end by the transmission line, and then transmitted to the receiving end.
  • the receiving end After receiving the recovery optical signal, the receiving end converts the recovered optical signal into an electrical signal and performs post-compensation processing, or The restored optical signal is subjected to post-compensation processing and then converted into an electrical signal.
  • An embodiment of the present invention further provides an optical fiber transmission system, where the system includes a transmitting end, an optical fiber transmission line, and a receiving end.
  • the transmitting end specifically includes:
  • a pre-compensation signal processing module configured to perform electrical pre-compensation processing on the signal to be transmitted to obtain a distortion electrical signal
  • An electrical/optical conversion module configured to modulate and convert the optical carrier signal into a distorted optical signal according to the distorted electrical signal sent by the pre-compensation signal processing module;
  • the receiving end specifically includes:
  • An optical/electrical conversion module configured to convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal, where the optical signal is an optical signal recovered by the distortion optical signal through the optical fiber transmission line;
  • the post-compensation processing module is configured to perform dispersion compensation on the optical signal before the optical/electrical conversion module or the electrical signal after the optical/electrical conversion module.
  • the optimal transmission distance is controlled by the pre-compensation method.
  • the post-dispersion compensation method provides the method of tunable dispersion compensation.
  • the system can eliminate the requirement of the online dispersion compensation module and provide a flexible dispersion compensation scheme for the dynamic configurable network.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an optical transmission system using a pre-compensation scheme in the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between system cost and transmission distance of a pre-compensated optical transmission system in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical fiber transmission system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between a system cost and a transmission distance of a dispersion compensation method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation of a pre-compensation processing module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation of a digital pre-processing module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a module connection in a post-compensation and feedback control method 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a module connection in a post-compensation and feedback control method 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the detection feedback module provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a spectrum power distribution of a detection signal of a receiving end according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing spectral power variation with dispersion according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a dispersion compensation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. detailed description The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
  • the combination of compensation by dynamically configuring the dispersion compensation configuration technology of the optical network, achieves the purpose of suppressing nonlinear effects and improving system transmission performance.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an optical fiber transmission system, including a transmitting end, an optical fiber transmission line, and a receiving end;
  • the transmitting end specifically includes:
  • the pre-compensation signal processing module 1 is configured to perform electrical pre-compensation processing on the digital signal to be transmitted, and obtain a distortion electric signal of the control electric/optical conversion module 3 after the digital signal is subjected to electrical pre-compensation processing.
  • a light source 2 configured to provide an optical carrier signal to the electrical/optical conversion module 3;
  • the electric/optical conversion module 3 is configured to modulate the optical carrier signal from the distortion electric signal sent by the pre-compensation signal processing module 1 into a distorted optical signal, and transmit the distorted optical signal to the optical fiber transmission line 5;
  • the optical fiber transmission line 5 is configured to transmit the distorted optical signal sent by the electric/optical conversion module 3, and the distorted optical signal passing through the optical fiber transmission line 5 is restored to the restored optical signal, and the recovered optical signal is transmitted to the optical/electrical end of the receiving end.
  • the receiving end specifically includes;
  • the optical/electrical conversion module 6 is configured to convert the received recovery optical signal into an electrical signal, and transmit the electrical signal to the post-compensation processing module 7;
  • the post-compensation processing module 7 is configured to perform dispersion compensation on the received electrical signal
  • the system also includes:
  • the detection feedback module 8 is configured to detect the quality of the received electrical signal by the receiving end, and feed back the detected result to the post-compensation processing module 7.
  • the pre-compensation signal processing module 1 can be configured to adjust the optimal receiving point of the entire system, as shown in FIG. As shown, the optimum receiving point can be adjusted from 0 to 01 by adjusting the effect of pre-compensation. This function is used to make large adjustments to the dispersion compensation range when the network configuration changes. To reduce processing complexity, adjustable specifications can be set based on the total dispersion tolerance of the system. If the total dispersion tolerance of the system is +/-Lkm, the configuration level is Lkm, [L+2L]km, ... [L+2nL]km.
  • the range of the received signal can be expanded from the AB segment to the segment by a combination of pre-compensation and post-compensation.
  • the pre-compensation signal processing module 1 is specifically composed of the following modules:
  • the pre-compensation control module 11 is configured to receive network configuration information, obtain a signal according to the network configuration information, the amount of dispersion to be experienced by the transmission line, and then obtain a control signal, and then transmit the control signal to the digital pre-processing module 12;
  • the digital pre-processing module 12 is configured to perform corresponding processing on the received control signal, generate predistortion of the signal to generate a distortion electrical signal, compensate a corresponding amount of dispersion, and then transmit the distortion electrical signal to the digital/analog converter 13.
  • the digital/analog converter 13 is configured to convert the received digital electrical distortion signal into an analog distortion electrical signal, and transmit the converted analog distortion electrical signal to the electrical/optical conversion module 3.
  • Network configuration information changes only when the network is reconfigured.
  • a precoding signal processing module 1 is further required to add a precoding processing module 14 for The signal to be transmitted is precoded, and the pre-coded signal to be transmitted is transmitted to the digital pre-processing module 12.
  • ODB optical double binary code
  • DPSK differential phase shift keying code
  • the digital pre-processing module 12 is specifically composed of the following modules:
  • the sampling module 121 is configured to receive the pre-coded signal to be transmitted, and then transmit the signal to the time-frequency transform module 122;
  • the time-frequency transform module 122 is configured to perform fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the received pre-coded signal to be transmitted, and the transformed signal is transmitted to the compensation module 123;
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • a compensation module 123 configured to receive a pre-compensation control signal, and change a time-frequency according to the pre-compensation control signal
  • the converted signal is subjected to dispersion compensation.
  • the signal is compensated by the H ( ⁇ ) function, ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the conjugate of the link dispersion transfer function, H coX -jP 2 L , (if the optical signal is transmitted differently)
  • the fiber segment, then), the ⁇ 2 and L parameter values are controlled by the control signal, and the compensated signal is transmitted to the frequency time conversion module 124;
  • the frequency-time conversion module 124 is configured to perform an inverse Fourier transform IFFT on the compensated signal, and transmit the transformed signal to the modulator output input conversion module 125;
  • the modulator output input conversion module 125 is configured to convert the converted signal into a driving signal of the electrical/optical conversion module.
  • the digital pre-processing module 12 can be implemented by a DSP (Digital Signal Podor), an FPGA (Field Programable Gate Array), or an ASIC (Application Specified Integrated Circuit). In this embodiment, an FPGA device is implemented.
  • DSP Digital Signal Podor
  • FPGA Field Programable Gate Array
  • ASIC Application Specified Integrated Circuit
  • the post-compensation processing module 7 can realize real-time dynamic dispersion compensation, and expand the dispersion tolerance range of the system from AB of FIG. 4 to A1B1.
  • the adjustment control is to detect the quality of the output electrical signal in real time through the detection module 8, generate an adjustment control signal, and feed back to the post-compensation processing module 7 to adjust the dispersion compensation amount.
  • the post-compensation processing module 7 can compensate the residual amount of the entire system, and can dynamically compensate by changing the dispersion caused by temperature changes and other factors in real time.
  • the post-compensation processing module 7 can be implemented by various EDC or EEQ (Electronic Equalizer), such as:
  • adaptive forward equalizer FFE and use the eye diagram detection circuit to detect signal quality or use a decision feedback circuit to detect signal quality
  • the amount of dispersion that can be compensated by the post-compensation processing method is limited, usually not more than 250 km. Therefore, when the transmission distance of the system is relatively long, such as 1000 km or more, the amount of dispersion that needs to be compensated at the transmitting end exceeds the total dispersion of the system. 75% of the amount, as shown in Figure 14, at this time the signal transmission quality has dropped by more than 3dB compared to the optimal state.
  • the dispersion compensation can be performed before the optical/electrical conversion module receives the signal.
  • the optical dispersion compensation module in FIG. 7 uses the optical fixed compensation module 70, which is not adjustable. You can use traditional DCF.
  • the light dispersion compensation module in Figures 8 and 9 uses a light adjustable compensation module 71, which is adjustable, such as Sampled chirped Bragg Grating, Gires-Tournois etalon (Gires-Tournois) Etalons), ring resonators, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, VIP A, Waveguide Gratings, or combinations of gratings and deformable mirrors
  • a light adjustable compensation module 71 which is adjustable, such as Sampled chirped Bragg Grating, Gires-Tournois etalon (Gires-Tournois) Etalons), ring resonators, Mach-Zehnder interferometers, VIP A, Waveguide Gratings, or combinations of gratings and deformable mirrors
  • the post-compensation adjustment control signal can be obtained by detecting the feedback signal provided by the feedback module 8, as shown in FIG.
  • the post-compensation adjustment control signal can also be obtained by detecting the optical signal quality before the optical/electrical conversion module.
  • the first detection feedback module 81 is disposed in front of the optical/electrical conversion module, and the first detection feedback module 81 is used for detecting The quality of the optical signal, and the post-compensation adjustment control signal is obtained according to the quality of the optical signal, and then the post-compensation adjustment control signal is transmitted to the optical adjustable compensation module 71.
  • a second detection feedback module 82 is provided after the post-compensation processing module 72.
  • the second detection feedback module 82 is configured to detect the quality of the electrical signal, and obtain a post-compensation adjustment control signal according to the quality of the electrical signal, and then adjust the control signal after the compensation. Transfer to the post compensation processing module 72.
  • the detection feedback module 8 in FIG. 8 can specifically detect the quality of the electrical signal by the following detection methods: (1) detecting the error rate of the signal from the EDC;
  • the FEC error correction circuit detects the signal quality.
  • the first detection feedback module 81 and the second detection feedback module 82 in FIG. 9 can specifically reflect the excellent dispersion variation by detecting the change of the spectral power of the RF signal in a specific frequency band, as shown in FIG. 11 , which is the received signal due to dispersion.
  • the spectral frequency point of the power which changes with the dispersion, eventually resulting in a change in the amount of power detected in the ⁇ / spectral range, as shown in Figure 12.
  • the first detection feedback module 81 specifically includes:
  • 0/ ⁇ converter 101 for receiving the detection optical signal, and then transmitting the received signal to the filter
  • the filter 102 is configured to filter the received detection optical signal to obtain a signal of a specific frequency, and transmit the signal of the specific frequency to the processing unit 103.
  • the frequency of the received signal is fc ⁇ fc + fl Within the scope.
  • the processing unit 103 is configured to analyze a power variation of the received specific frequency signal, and detect an excellent dispersion transform by using power conversion.
  • the second detection feedback module 82 specifically includes only the filter 102 and the processing unit 103.
  • Step 101 The transmitting end performs the electrical pre-compensation processing on the digital signal to be transmitted through the pre-compensation signal processing module 1 to obtain a distortion electrical signal.
  • the network configuration information is transmitted to the pre-compensation control module 11, and the amount of dispersion to be transmitted through the transmission line is obtained, thereby obtaining a control signal;
  • the control signal is processed by the digital pre-processing module 12 to pre-distort the signal, and the distortion electric signal is obtained to compensate the corresponding dispersion amount;
  • the distortion electric signal is converted by the digital-to-analog converter 13
  • an analog distortion electric signal is generated, and the analog distortion electric signal controls the electric/optical conversion module 3 to modulate the optical carrier signal of the direct current source 2, and finally generates a pre-compensated distortion optical signal.
  • the precoding processing module 14 is also required to precode the signal to be transmitted, and the precoding process is: signal input to be transmitted.
  • the precoding of the signal to be transmitted is obtained by performing encoding processing in the precoding processing module 14, and the precoding is transmitted to the digital preprocessing module 12.
  • the process of digital preprocessing by the digital preprocessing module 12 is as follows:
  • the pre-encoding of the to-be-transmitted signal is subjected to time-frequency transform after the sampling module 121, and the time-frequency transform module 122 implements a function of fast Fourier transform (FFT), and the transformed signal is transmitted to the compensation module 123;
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • the compensated signal is subjected to frequency domain transform module 124 (IFFT, inverse Fourier transform) for frequency domain arrival
  • IFFT inverse Fourier transform
  • the transformation of the domain, the transformed signal is converted by the modulator output to the conversion module 125 into a drive signal of the modulator.
  • Step 102 Control the output optical signal by the electric/optical conversion module 3 by using the generated distortion electric signal;
  • Step 104 The post-compensation module 7 performs post-compensation processing on the electrical signal outputted by the receiving end.
  • the post-compensation module 7 can perform real-time adjustment by detecting the post-compensation adjustment control signal output from the feedback module 8.
  • post-compensation processing that is, performing post-compensation processing on the optical signal before the optical/electrical conversion module 6, and converting the compensated optical signal into an electrical signal.
  • the present invention performs the following simulations: transmission rate 10 Gb/s, channel center wavelength 1550 nm, standard single mode fiber; 80 km span, total transmission distance 640 km, each segment is performed by EDFA (Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier) Power regeneration; dispersion compensation is performed at the transmitting end and the receiving end, that is, no dispersion compensation is performed on the line, and the sum of the dispersion amounts compensated by the transmitting end and the receiving end is the total amount of dispersion of the line, and the system transmission is observed by changing the distribution ratio of the two. performance.
  • the simulation results are shown in Figure 14.
  • the abscissa is the pre-compensated dispersion compensation amount as a percentage of the dispersion generated by the entire transmission link (ie, the pre-compensation rate), and the ordinate is the Q value of the received signal. The better the signal quality.
  • the simulation results show that the system performance is best when the compensation amount of the transmitting end and the receiving end are each 50%. When 100% compensation is performed at the transmitting end or the receiving end respectively, the system performance is the worst, and the Q value at this time is reduced by more than 7 dB compared with the Q value at the best performance.

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Description

一种色散补偿方法和光纤传输系统 技术领域
本发明涉及光纤通信领域， 特别涉及一种色散补偿方法和光纤传输系统。 背景技术
光纤中所传输信号的不同频率分量或信号的各种模式分量传输速度不同引 起信号波形失真的现象称为色散。 色散对光传输带来的影响是使数据脉冲间产 生码间干扰。 色散对系统性能带来的损伤不可忽略， 一般传输速率为 10Gbit/s以 上的光纤传输系统都需要色散补偿技术来保证系统的传输功能。 目前广泛使用
Dispersion Compensation Fiber)实现色散补偿。这种色散补偿方式虽然易于应用， 但是也有几点不可克服的缺陷， 即体积大， 信号延时， 需放大器补偿额外损耗， 成本高。 并且这种补偿方式不能灵活提供可变的色散量补偿， 虽然在点到点的 光传输系统中很实用， 但是应用在复杂的有波长上 /下的网络， 尤其是动态可重 构的灵活网络中时， 由于光补偿经过的传输路径不同， 所经历的色散也不同， DCF的补偿方式就难于满足应用需求了。 然而， 随着网络业务量继续向动态的 IP 业务量的加速汇聚， 一个灵活动态的光网络基础设施是不可或缺的。 灵活的光 网络层需要具备灵活的网络节点， 可进行动态、 操作简单的网络重构， 响应控 制层任意波长资源调度分配、 动态路由的需求。
近几年来， 电色散补偿引起了技术人员的关注。 电色散补偿是指在光传输 系统发射模块或接收模块中通过电域信号处理的方式部分或完全补偿色散对传 输信号的劣化。 本文称在发射模块进行信号处理的补偿方式为预补偿方式， 在 接收模块中进行信号处理的补偿称为后补偿方式。 电色散补偿方式几乎克服了 上述 DCF补偿方式的所有缺陷。 除低成本外， 电域补偿方式更大的优点是可以 提供自适应色散补偿的能力， 即色散补偿量可调节， 这一功能是实现可动态配 置网络的基础。 但是电域补偿方式也存在局限性， 对于后补偿方式来说， 可实现的色散补 偿范围有限， 一般为 2000ps/nm, 即只能补偿普通单模光纤不到 200公里的传输 距离； 而预补偿方式虽然可以实现上千公里传输距离的补偿， 但是必须在预定 的补偿距离附近接收。 所以这两种电域补偿方式在直接用于构造长距离无在线 色散补偿的传输网络或动态配置的网络时都存在困难。
对于电域补偿方式中的预补偿方式， 如图 1所示， 在光发射模块前先对信号 进行预处理， 预先补偿传输线路给信号带来的色散的影响， 即在传输线路上， 信号是处于过补偿状态， 只有在传输了预先设定的补偿距离时， 信号才恢复成 原始波形 叚设不考虑其它因素的影响） 。
因为信号本身对色散有一定的容限（容限的大小取决于传输速率， 传输速 率越大， 容限越小） ， 釆用上述电域补偿方式中的预补偿方式的系统的接收限 制如图 2所示， 传输距离在点 A和点 B之间时， 为补偿合适的范围， 可接收信号， 当传输距离小于点 A时， 则为过补偿状态， 大于点 B时， 为欠补偿状态； 点 C为 最佳接收距离。 在传输距离变长和变短的时候， 预补偿模块需要对补偿量进行 调节。 而传输信号的质量只能在接收端检测， 即对于釆用预补偿方案的传输系 统， 为了实现自适应补偿， 反馈控制信号必须从接收节点传送到发送节点， 然 而在复杂网络， 尤其是网状网中， 是比较困难的， 并且反馈信号会产生时延。
现有技术中还有一种通过将光可调色散补偿器和接收端电色散补偿器 （通 常称为 EDC: electronic dispersion compensation )结合起来实现可调色散补偿的方 法， 进而增加可调的色散补偿范围。 光可调色散补偿器达到的色散补偿范围在 3000ps/nm范围以内， 可以支持 10Gbit/s的信号在单模光纤上传输的距离不到 200 公里，而基于最大似然序列估计（ MLSE, Maximum Likelihood Sequence Estimate ) 的 EDC可以实现的补偿范围也不超过 3000ps/nm。 所以这种补偿方案在实现长距 离传输的时候， 还需要在线 DCF的补偿技术。
光纤传输系统的损伤因素除了色散外， 非线性效应也是一个不可忽视的因 素。 通过仿真发现， 将色散补偿集中在线路的任何一端进行， 对非线性效应抑 制的效果都很差。 综上， 现有技术的色散补偿方法在进行长距离无在线 DCF色散补偿和抑制 非线性效应的方面都不能满足实际需要。 发明内容
为了解决现有技术长距离无在线 DCF色散补偿技术的不足和抑制色散补偿 技术中的非线性效应， 本发明实施例提供了一种色散补偿方法和光纤传输系统。 所述技术方案如下：
一种色散补偿方法， 所述方法包括以下步骤：
发送端将待发射的信号进行电预补偿处理， 得到畸变电信号， 并根据所述 畸变电信号对光载波信号进行调制， 转换为畸变光信号；
所述畸变光信号经传输线路恢复为恢复光信号后传输给接收端， 所述接收 端收到所述恢复光信号后， 将所述恢复光信号转换为电信号后进行后补偿处理， 或者， 将所述恢复光信号进行后补偿处理后转换为电信号。
本发明实施例还提供了一种光纤传输系统， 所述系统包括发射端、 光纤传 输线路和接收端，
所述发射端具体包括：
预补偿信号处理模块， 用于将待发射的信号进行电预补偿处理， 得到畸变 电信号；
电 /光转换模块， 用于根据所述预补偿信号处理模块发出的畸变电信号对光 载波信号进行调制转换为畸变光信号；
所述接收端具体包括：
光 /电转换模块， 用于将接收到的光信号转换为电信号， 所述的光信号为所 述畸变光信号经过光纤传输线路恢复的光信号；
后补偿处理模块， 用于对所述光 /电转换模块前的光信号或所述光 /电转换模 块后的电信号进行色散补偿。
本发明实施例的技术方案带来的有益效果是：
1、 通过将色散补偿分配在传输线路的两端， 可以实现对非线性效应影响的 改善；
2、 通过根据网络配置信息对预补偿色散量进行调节， 可以解决预补偿方式 后端反馈的困难， 提高该技术方案的实用性；
3、 通过预补偿方式控制最佳传输距离， 后色散补偿方式提供可调色散补偿 的方法， 可以去掉系统对在线色散补偿模块的需求， 为动态可配网络提供灵活 的色散补偿方案。 附图说明
图 1是现有技术中釆用预补偿方案的光传输系统结构示意图；
图 2是现有技术中釆用预补偿的光传输系统的系统代价与传输距离关系示 意图；
图 3是本发明实施例提供的光纤传输系统示意图；
图 4是本发明实施例提供的色散补偿方法的系统代价与传输距离关系示意 图；
图 5是本发明实施例提供的预补偿处理模块的具体实现示意图；
图 6是本发明实施例提供的数字预处理模块的具体实现示意图；
图 7是本发明实施例提供的后补偿及反馈控制方法 1中的模块连接示意图； 图 8是本发明实施例提供的后补偿及反馈控制方法 2中的模块连接示意图； 图 9是本发明实施例提供的后补偿及反馈控制方法 3中的模块连接示意图； 图 10是本发明实施例提供的检测反馈模块实现结构示意图；
图 11是本发明实施例提供的接收端检测电信号谱功率分布图；
图 12是本发明实施例提供的谱功率随色散量变化的图；
图 13是本发明实施例提供的色散补偿方法流程图； 较图。 具体实施方式 下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明， 但本发明不局限于以 下实施例。 补偿相结合， 通过动态配置光网络的色散补偿配置技术， 达到抑制非线性效应、 提高系统传输性能的目的。
参见图 3 , 本发明实施例提供了一种光纤传输系统， 包括发射端、 光纤传输 线路和接收端；
其中， 发射端具体包括：
预补偿信号处理模块 1 , 用于将待发射的数字信号进行电预补偿处理， 数字 信号经电预补偿处理后得到控制电 /光转换模块 3的畸变电信号。
光源 2, 用于提供光载波信号给电 /光转换模块 3;
电 /光转换模块 3 , 用于将预补偿信号处理模块 1发出的畸变电信号对光载波 信号进行调制转换为畸变光信号， 并将畸变光信号发射给光纤传输线路 5;
光纤传输线路 5 , 用于对电 /光转换模块 3发出的畸变光信号进行传输， 经过 光纤传输线路 5的畸变光信号将恢复为恢复光信号， 这个恢复光信号将传输给接 收端的光 /电转换模块 6;
接收端具体包括；
光 /电转换模块 6 , 用于将接收到的恢复光信号转换为电信号， 并将电信号传 输给后补偿处理模块 7;
后补偿处理模块 7， 用于对接收到的电信号进行色散补偿；
为了能够动态地调节补偿量， 该系统还包括：
检测反馈模块 8, 用于接收端检测接收到的电信号的质量， 并将检测的结果 反馈给后补偿处理模块 7。
其中， 在用于 WDM ( Wavelength Division Multipexing, 波分复用） 系统的 色散补偿时， 需要在电 /光转换模块 3和光纤传输线路 5之间设置合波器 41 , 在光 纤传输线路 5和光 /电转换模块 6之间设置分波器 42。
预补偿信号处理模块 1可以通过配置来调节整个系统的最佳接收点， 如图 4 所示， 可通过调节预补偿的效果， 将最佳接收点由 0点调节在 01点。 本功能用 于在网络配置发生变化时对色散补偿范围进行大的调整。 为了减少处理复杂度， 可根据系统总色散容限设置可调规格。 如系统总色散容限是 +/-Lkm, 则配置等 级为 Lkm, [L+2L]km, ... [L+2nL]km。
在图 4所示的实例中， 在预补偿信号处理模块 1和后补偿处理模块 7的共同作 用下， 通过预补偿和后补偿结合的方式， 可将接收信号的范围由 AB段扩展为 段。
如图 5所示， 预补偿信号处理模块 1具体由以下模块组成：
预补偿控制模块 11 , 用于接收网络配置信息， 根据网络配置信息得出信号 通过传输线路将要经历的色散量， 进而得出控制信号， 然后将控制信号传输给 数字预处理模块 12;
数字预处理模块 12, 用于对接收到的控制信号进行相应的处理， 使信号发 生预畸变产生畸变电信号， 补偿相应的色散量， 然后将畸变电信号传输给数 /模 转换器 13。
数 /模转换器 13 , 用于将接收到的数字形式的畸变电信号转换为模拟畸变电 信号 , 并将转换后的模拟畸变电信号传输给电 /光转换模块 3。
网络配置信息仅在网络重构时发生变化。
如果光信号的调制格式是光双二进制码 ODB、 差分相移键控码（Differential Phase Shift Keying, DPSK )等特殊调制格式， 还需要预补偿信号处理模块 1内增 加预编码处理模块 14, 用于对待发射的信号进行预编码， 将该预编码处理后的 待发射信号传输给数字预处理模块 12。
如图 6所示， 数字预处理模块 12具体由以下模块组成：
釆样模块 121 , 用于接收预编码处理后的待发射信号， 然后传输给时频变换 模块 122;
时频变换模块 122 , 用于对接收到的预编码处理后的待发射信号进行快速傅 立叶变换（Fast Fourier Transform, FFT ) , 变换后的信号传输给补偿模块 123 ;
补偿模块 123 , 用于接收预补偿控制信号， 并根据预补偿控制信号对时频变 换后的信号进行色散补偿， 本实施例通过 H ( ω )函数进行信号补偿， Η ( ω )是 链路色散传输函数的共轭， H coX -jP 2L 、 (若光信号经过不同的传输光
H(iy) = exp(- K /2) ^
纤段， 则 ) , β2和 L参数值由控制信号控制， 补偿后的 信号传输给频时变换模块 124;
频时变换模块 124, 用于将补偿后的信号进行傅立叶反变换 IFFT, 将变换后 的信号传输给调制器输出输入转换模块 125;
调制器输出输入转换模块 125,用于将变换后的信号转换成电 /光转换模块的 驱动信号。
数字预处理模块 12可以通过 DSP ( Digital Signal Pocessor ) 、 FPGA (Field Programable Gate Array)或 ASIC (Application Specified Integrated Circuit)实现,本 实施例中釆用 FPGA器件实现。
后补偿处理模块 7可以实现实时动态色散补偿， 将系统的色散容限范围由图 4的 AB扩大到 A1B1。 其调节控制是通过检测模块 8实时检测输出的电信号质量， 产生一个调节控制信号， 反馈到后补偿处理模块 7对色散补偿量进行调节。 后补 偿处理模块 7可以实现整个系统剩余色散量的补偿， 并可通过实时调节由温度变 化等因素引起的色散变化进行动态补偿。 后补偿处理模块 7可以通过各种 EDC或 EEQ (Electronic Equalizer , 电子均衡器）实现， 比如：
(1)自适应前向均衡器 FFE, 并且用眼图探测电路探测信号质量或用判决反 馈电路探测信号质量；
(2)多阔值均衡器， 通过 FEC纠错电路探测信号质量；
(3)最大似然均衡器（MLSE )等。
当传输距离长时， 后补偿处理方式可补偿的色散量有限， 通常不超过 250公 里， 所以在系统传输距离比较长时， 如 1000公里以上， 则在发射端需要补偿的 色散量超过系统总色散量的 75%,如图 14,此时信号传输质量与最佳状态相比已 经下降了 3dB以上。 为了提高系统的性能， 可以在光 /电转换模块接收信号前进 行色散补偿，图 7中的光色散补偿模块釆用的是光固定补偿模块 70,是不可调的， 可以釆用传统的 DCF。 图 8、 图 9中的光色散补偿模块釆用的是光可调补偿模块 71 , 是可调的， 如釆样啁啾布拉格光栅（ Sampled chirped Bragg Grating ) , Gires-Tournois标准具 (Gires-Tournois Etalons) , 环谐振腔、 ΜΖΙ ( Mach-Zehnder interferometer, 马赫-泽恩德干涉仪） 、 VIP A, 波导光栅（Waveguide Gratings) , 或光栅和变形镜的组合等
如釆用可调光色散补偿模块， 后补偿调节控制信号可以通过检测反馈模块 8 提供的反馈信号获取，如图 8。也可以在光 /电转换模块前通过检测光信号质量得 到后补偿调节控制信号，如图 9 ,即在光 /电转换模块前设置第一检测反馈模块 81 , 第一检测反馈模块 81用于检测光信号的质量， 并根据光信号的质量得出后补偿 调节控制信号， 然后把后补偿调节控制信号传输给光可调补偿模块 71。 在后补 偿处理模块 72后设置第二检测反馈模块 82, 第二检测反馈模块 82用于检测电信 号的质量， 并根据电信号的质量得出后补偿调节控制信号， 然后把后补偿调节 控制信号传输给后补偿处理模块 72。
图 8中的检测反馈模块 8具体可以通过以下检测方法检测电信号的质量： ( 1 )探测从 EDC出来的信号的误码率；
( 2 )探测眼图的眼张开度；
( 3 )探测电信号的均方差；
( 4 ) FEC纠错电路探测信号质量。
图 9中的第一检测反馈模块 81和第二检测反馈模块 82具体可以通过检测特 定频带范围内射频信号谱功率的变化反映出色散变化量， 如图 11 , Α是由于色 散导致的接收信号 0功率的谱频率点， 该频点会随色散的变化发生变化， 最终导 致在 Δ/频谱范围内探测到的功率大小发生变化， 如图 12。
参见图 10 , 第一检测反馈模块 81具体包括：
0/Ε转换器 101 , 用于接收检测光信号， 然后将接收到的信号传输给滤波器
102。
滤波器 102 , 用于将接收到的检测光信号进行滤波， 得到特定频率的信号， 并将该特定频率的信号传输给处理单元 103。 这里接收信号的频率在 fc ~ fc+fl的 范围内。
处理单元 103 , 用于分析接收到的特定频率信号的功率变化， 通过功率变换 检测出色散变换。
而第二检测反馈模块 82具体只包括滤波器 102和处理单元 103。
参见图 13 , 通过上述系统进行色散补偿的方法具体如下：
步骤 101 : 发送端将待发射的数字信号经过预补偿信号处理模块 1进行电预 补偿处理， 得到畸变电信号；
电预补偿处理的具体过程如下：
首先将网络配置信息传输到预补偿控制模块 11 , 得出待发射信号通过传输 线路将要经历的色散量， 进而得出控制信号；
控制信号经过数字预处理模块 12进行相应的处理， 使信号发生预畸变， 得 到畸变电信号， 补偿相应的色散量；
畸变电信号经数 /模转换器 13转换后， 产生模拟畸变电信号， 该模拟畸变电 信号控制电 /光转换模块 3调制直流光源 2的光载波信号， 最后产生经过预补偿的 畸变光信号。
如果光信号的调制格式是光双二进制码 ODB、 差分相移键控码等特殊调制 格式， 还需要预编码处理模块 14对待发射的信号进行预编码， 该预编码过程为： 待发射的信号输入到预编码处理模块 14中进行编码处理后得到待发射信号的预 编码， 将该预编码传输给数字预处理模块 12。
其中， 数字预处理模块 12实现数字预处理的过程如下：
待发射信号的预编码经过釆样模块 121后进行时频变换， 时频变换模块 122 实现快速傅立叶变换（FFT, Fast Fourier Transform ) 的功能， 将变换后的信号 传输给补偿模块 123;
补偿模块 123根据预补偿控制信号对时频变换后的信号进行色散补偿， 该补 偿模块具体釆样函数 H ( ω )实现色散补偿， Η ( ω )是链路色散传输函数的共轭， H(«) =
Figure imgf000011_0001
, β2和 L参数值由控制信号控制；
补偿后的信号经过频时变换模块 124 ( IFFT, 傅立叶反变换）进行频域到时 域的变换 , 变换后的信号通过调制器输出输入转换模块 125转换成调制器的驱动 信号。
步骤 102: 用产生的畸变电信号控制电 /光转换模块 3输出畸变光信号； 步骤 103: 畸变光信号通过光纤传输线路 5传输后恢复为正常的光信号， 将 恢复后的光信号传输给接收端 , 接收端将光信号经光 /电转换模块 6转换为电信 号， 然后输出；
步骤 104: 经后补偿模块 7对接收端输出的电信号进行后补偿处理。 后补偿 模块 7可以通过检测反馈模块 8输出的后补偿调节控制信号进行实时调节。
另外， 后补偿处理还有一种方法， 即： 对光 /电转换模块 6前的光信号进行后 补偿处理， 补偿后的光信号再转换为电信号。
本发明进行了如下仿真： 传输速率 10Gb/s, 信道中心波长 1550nm, 标准单 模光纤； 80公里跨段，总传输距离 640公里，每段通过 EDFA ( Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier, 掺饵光纤激光器）进行功率再生； 色散补偿在发射端和接收端进行， 即线路上不进行色散补偿， 发射端和接收端补偿的色散量的总和为线路总的色 散总量， 通过改变两者的分配比例观察系统传输性能。 仿真结果如图 14所示， 横坐标为预补偿的色散补偿量占整个传输链路产生的色散的百分比 （即预补偿 率） ， 纵坐标为接收到的信号的 Q值， Q值越大表明信号质量越好。 仿真结果表 明， 当发射端和接收端补偿量各为 50%时， 系统性能最好。 当分别在发射端或接 收端进行 100%补偿时， 系统性能最差， 此时的 Q值与性能最好时的 Q值相比下降 达到 7dB以上。
以上所述的实施例， 只是本发明较优选的具体实施方式的一种， 本领域的 技术人员在本发明技术方案范围内进行的通常变化和替换都应包含在本发明的 保护范围内。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种色散补偿方法， 其特征在于， 所述方法包括以下步骤：
发送端将待发射的信号进行电预补偿处理， 得到畸变电信号， 并根据所述 畸变电信号对光载波信号进行调制， 转换为畸变光信号；
所述畸变光信号经传输线路恢复为恢复光信号后传输给接收端， 所述接收 端收到所述恢复光信号后， 将所述恢复光信号转换为电信号后进行后补偿处理， 或者， 将所述恢复光信号进行后补偿处理后转换为电信号。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的色散补偿方法， 其特征在于， 所述进行电预补偿处 理的步骤包括： 根据系统配置的线路色散信息对所述待发射的信号调节电预补 偿。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的色散补偿方法， 其特征在于， 所述进行电预补偿处 理的步骤包括： 根据系统总色散容限特征对所述待发射的信号调节电预补偿。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的色散补偿方法， 其特征在于， 所述进行电预补偿处 理的步骤包括：
根据网络配置信息获取控制信号；
用所述控制信号对所述待发射的信号进行电预补偿处理得到畸变电信号， 使产生的补偿效果与传输线路上的色散补偿需求一致。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的色散补偿方法， 其特征在于， 所述进行后补偿处理 的步骤包括：
接收端实时检测输出的光信号或电信号的质量， 根据所述光信号或电信号 的质量生成后补偿调节控制信号， 用所述后补偿调节控制信号对补偿量进行实 时调节。
6. 如权利要求 5所述的色散补偿方法， 其特征在于， 所述电信号的质量具 体为：
信号的误码率、 眼图的眼张开度、 信号的均方差或者 FEC纠错电路所探测 得到的信号质量。
7. 如权利要求 1所述的色散补偿方法， 其特征在于， 将所述恢复光信号转 换为电信号后进行电色散补偿处理， 或者， 将所述恢复光信号进行光色散补偿 处理后转换为电信号， 或者， 将所述恢复光信号进行光色散补偿处理后转换为 电信号并进行电色散补偿处理。
8. 如权利要求 7所述的色散补偿方法， 其特征在于， 所述的光色散补偿处 调的光色散补偿处理或可调
9. 如权利要求 8所述的色散补偿方法， 其特征在于， 所述可调的光色散补 偿处理具体通过啁啾光纤光栅、 VIPA、 GTE、 环谐振腔、 波导光栅或 MZI进行 处理；
或通过光栅和变形镜的组合进行处理。
10. 一种光纤传输系统， 所述系统包括发射端、 光纤传输线路和接收端， 其 特征在于，
所述发射端包括：
预补偿信号处理模块， 用于将待发射的信号进行电预补偿处理， 得到畸变 电信号；
电 /光转换模块， 用于根据所述预补偿信号处理模块发出的畸变电信号对光 载波信号进行调制转换为畸变光信号；
所述接收端包括：
光 /电转换模块， 用于将接收到的光信号转换为电信号， 所述的光信号为所 述畸变光信号经过光纤传输线路恢复的光信号；
后补偿处理模块， 用于对所述光信号或所述电信号进行色散补偿。
11. 如权利要求 10所述的光纤传输系统， 其特征在于， 所述系统还包括： 检测反馈模块， 用于在接收端检测所述光 /电转换模块前的光信号或所述光 / 电转换模块后的电信号的质量， 并将检测的结果反馈给后补偿处理模块。
12. 如权利要求 10所述的光纤传输系统， 其特征在于， 所述预补偿信号处 理模块具体为：
预补偿控制模块， 用于根据网络配置信息获取待发射的信号通过传输线路 时的色散量， 根据色散量获取控制信号；
数字预处理模块， 用于用所述控制信号对所述待发射的信号进行预处理， 产生畸变电信号；
数 /模转换器 , 用于将接收到的所述畸变电信号转换成模拟畸变电信号。
13、 如权利要求 12所述的光纤传输系统， 其特征在于， 所述预补偿信号处 理模块还包括：
预编码处理模块， 用于对所述待发射的信号进行预编码处理， 把编码处理 后的待发射信号发送给所述数字预处理模块。
14、 一种发射装置， 其特征在于， 包括：
预补偿信号处理模块， 用于将待发射的信号根据预补偿率进行电预补偿处 理， 得到畸变电信号；
电 /光转换模块， 用于根据获得的畸变电信号对光载波信号进行调制转换为 畸变光信号。
15、 如权利要求 14所述的发射装置， 其特征在于， 所述预补偿信号处理模 块包括：
预补偿控制模块， 用于根据网络配置信息获得所述预补偿率， 进而获得待 发射的信号的色散量， 并根据色散量获取控制信号；
数字预处理模块， 用于用所述控制信号对所述待发射的信号进行预处理， 产生畸变电信号。
16、 一种接收装置， 其特征在于， 包括：
接收发送端发送的经过电预补偿处理的恢复光信号； 以及
将所述恢复光信号转换为电信号后进行后补偿处理， 或者， 将所述恢复光 信号进行后补偿处理后转换为电信号。
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