WO2008072870A1 - Apparatus for measuring blood cell aggregation using stirring - Google Patents

Apparatus for measuring blood cell aggregation using stirring Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008072870A1
WO2008072870A1 PCT/KR2007/006418 KR2007006418W WO2008072870A1 WO 2008072870 A1 WO2008072870 A1 WO 2008072870A1 KR 2007006418 W KR2007006418 W KR 2007006418W WO 2008072870 A1 WO2008072870 A1 WO 2008072870A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blood
stirring
sample
measuring
aggregation rate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2007/006418
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Se Hyun Shin
Yun Hee Ku
Original Assignee
Rheo Meditech, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheo Meditech, Inc. filed Critical Rheo Meditech, Inc.
Publication of WO2008072870A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008072870A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
    • G01N33/49—Blood
    • G01N33/4905—Determining clotting time of blood
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/82—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a precipitate or turbidity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N2021/4704—Angular selective
    • G01N2021/4709—Backscatter
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/82—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a precipitate or turbidity
    • G01N2021/825—Agglutination

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring blood cell aggregation rate, and more particularly, to an apparatus in which the blood cells are dispersed by a stirrer before measuring, then illuminated by a light beam from a light source to measure the blood cell aggregation rate using an optical sensor.
  • LORCA laser-assisted optical rotational cell analyzer
  • the blood cells Prior to measurement, the blood cells are initially dispersed.
  • the outer shell of the double concentric pipes is rotated at a high speed velocity to develop a shear flow.
  • the shearing rate of 500 (1/s) is maintained for more than five seconds.
  • the shear flow is rapidly stopped within 0.1 second. From this point, the coagulation will progress.
  • the variation of the intensity of the back scattered light is measured based on the elapsed time. It is known as the syllectogram, which is the most scientific measurement of blood cell coagulation available at the present time. This method has been adopted by many institute laboratories for diagnosis based on the blood test.
  • the aforementioned first example of the conventional technology requires a 2ml blood sample for one measurement. So, it has a disadvantage of consuming a large quantity of blood, difficulty of repetitive measurement due to the sedimentation of blood cells, and inconvenience for use at the clinical site due to the requirement of separate vacuum pump with cleaning agent for cleaning the device after the test.
  • the second example of the conventional technology is the Korean Patent No. 0532567 registered by the present inventor and entitled "An Apparatus and Method for Measuring the Blood Cell Aggregation by Using Vibration.”
  • a small blood sample is placed in the blood sample container.
  • a vibrating method is applied for a preset time period to completely disperse the initially coagulated blood cell. After stopping the vibration, the intensity of light transmission is measured to analyze the coagulability of the blood cells.
  • This device has adopted a disposable kit to eliminate cleaning and the device is simplified by applying the technology of linear vibration for dispersing the initially coagulated blood cells instead of the technology of shear flow generated by rapid spinning.
  • the aforementioned second example of the conventional technology also has disadvantages in that it is difficult to build a noiseless vibrating device at the present time. Another disadvantage is that it has a tendency to separate the hemocyte from the blood plasma due to the density difference. Even if no separation occurrs, the high speed vibration of the second conventional technology introduces serious errors during the measurement of the blood cell coagulability because the density of the blood cells is not evenly uniform due to the vibration.
  • the second conventional technology has disadvantages of consuming a blood sample larger than 2ml and inducing the blood sample into the capillary tube due to the vibration.
  • both the first and second conventional technologies have a common process to disperse the initial coagulation of the blood sample by adopting the complicated rotational shear flow method or the vibration method.
  • both technologies have disadvantages of being noisy or introducing serious measuring errors. Due to the aforementioned problems, both technologies are not utilized in practice at clinic sites.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for measuring hemocyte coagulability using the minimum quantity of blood sample within a short time.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide a device and method for dispersing initially coagulated blood cells before measuring.
  • Such a device must have a simple structure, easy operation and lower production cost by adopting disposable parts.
  • Such a technology for measuring the coagulability of blood cells is provided to solve the aforementioned problems.
  • the present invention is related to the device and method for measuring the coagulability of blood cells based on the elapsed time.
  • the device employs a minute stirring mechanism for dispersing the initially coagulated blood cells into individual cells before measuring, a light source and an optical sensor.
  • the device of the present invention is composed of a blood sample container (13) for storing the sample blood (14), a disposable stirring unit (21) disposed inside of the blood sample container, a stirring induction unit (20) attached outside the blood sample container for inducing stirring, a light source(31) attached to one side of the blood sample container for illuminating the blood sample, an optical sensor (32) located in the same direction or the opposite direction with respect to the light source for detecting the transmitted light beams or back-scattered light beams from the blood sample, a computer ⁇ rocessor( ⁇ l) for processing and storing the data transmitted from the optical sensor, a display (52) for displaying the results, a data memory (53) and an output unit (54).
  • the present invention provides a method for measuring the coagulability of blood cells by using the above measuring device, the method comprising the following steps: a blood sample is injected into a blood sample container for storage; the blood sample stored in the blood sample container is stirred by the stirring unit in order to disperse the sample blood to set an initial test condition, the reflected light or reverse- reflected light from the blood sample is detected by an optic sensor, the detected beams are analyzed to calculate the aggregation rate of the sample blood cell based on the elapsed time interval by a processor, and the calculated aggregation rate as a function of an exponential is output by the processor. [Advantageous Effects]
  • the stirring unit and the stirring induction unit of the present invention has to the benefit of effectively dispersing the initial coagulation of the blood cells within a short time. It also has merits of noiseless, compact size and low power consumption.
  • this device of the present invention is designed to preclude direct contact with the blood sample by adopting disposable parts. Therefore, it is advantageous to use this test kit for diagnosing at the actual practice site.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating a device for measuring the aggregation of blood cells using a stirrer according to the present invent ion.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the disposable kit for measuring the aggregation of blood cells as seen in Fig.l.
  • Fig. 3 is a conceptual drawing illustrating the device for measuring the aggregation of blood cells utilizing the stirrer shown in Fig. 1 and the light back-scattering method of the first example application.
  • Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the results of the measurements of the aggregation of blood cells according to the first example application shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is an analysis graph to determine the index of the aggregation of blood cells based on the time elapsed according to the results of the measurement as shown in the curve of Fig. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a conceptual drawing illustrating the device for measuring the aggregation of blood cells utilizing the stirrer shown in Fig. 1 and the light-transmission method of the second example application.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph representing the results of the measurement of aggregation of blood cells based on the elapsed time as shown in the example application of Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic drawing showing a partial cut-out of the inner portion directly contacting the blood sample according to the third example application for measuring the aggregation of blood cells using a stirrer of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 are the photographs showing before and after injection of the blood sample into the inner portion directly contacting the blood sample according to the third example application of the present invent ion.
  • Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 are the photographs showing the stagnating state and rotating state of the blood sample stirred by the stirring unit according to the third example application of the present invention. [Best Mode]
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating a device for measuring the aggregation of blood cells by using a stirrer according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the disposable kit for measuring the aggregation of blood cells as seen in Fig.l.
  • Fig. 3 is a conceptual drawing illustrating the device for measuring the aggregation of blood cells using the stirrer shown in Fig. 1 and the light back-scattering method of the first example application.
  • the blood sample (14) is injected into the inlet (11) of the test kit. At this point the injected blood sample is drawn into the storage container (13) through the capillary tube by the capillary effect. Alternatively, the blood sample (14) is injected directly into the storage container (13) of the test kit, or the proper amount of the blood sample (14) is taken directly from the finger tip of the patient. In this case, the storage (13) container has been coated with the anticoagulant.
  • a stirring unit (21) is activated by a stirring induction unit (20).
  • the stirring unit (21) disposed inside of the blood sample storage container (13) has a length(mm).
  • the stirring induction unit (20) contains a permanent magnet .
  • the blood cells which initially tend to coagulate in the blood sample storage container (13) are dispersed to individual cells.
  • the sample blood is illuminated by a light source attached to one side of the blood sample storage container (13).
  • the light source can be a type of Laser, Laser Diode or Light Emitting Diode (LED).
  • the back-scattered light from the blood cells in the blood sample is detected by an optic sensor (32) located at the same side of the sample container as is the light source.
  • a photodiode can be used as the optic sensor (32).
  • the processor (51) transforms the detected light beams to electrical signals, and stores the collected data.
  • the collected data (information) which is analyzed the characteristics of the aggregation of blood cells, is evaluated and displayed on the display screen (52).
  • Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the result of the measured aggregation of blood cells based elapsed time, according to the first example application shown in Fig. 3.
  • the surface area of the blood cell is initially relatively low. Therefore, most of the illuminated beam from the light source penetrates through the blood cells and the amount of the back scattered light is relatively small.
  • the blood sample is dispersed from the coagulated state within 2 to 3 seconds.
  • the surface area of the blood cells is increased to the maximum, so the amount of the back scattered light is rapidly and exponentially increased to reach the maximum value.
  • the stirring is stopped, the blood cells start to coagulate again at an exponentially increasing rate. Accordingly, the intensity of the back scattered light is exponentially decreasing.
  • the optic sensor (32) detects the back scattered light, and the processor (51) transforms the detected beams to electrical signals, analyzing the characteristics of the aggregation of blood cells, and storing the collected data.
  • the collected data is displayed on the display screen (52).
  • an analysis graph is presented to determine the index of the aggregation of blood cells based on the time elapsed according to the measurement shown in Fig. 4.
  • the measured values between the two points which are the initial value (I MX ) and the completed value (I m m) of the aggregation of blood cells are approximately plotted to curve-fitting as a bi-exponential curve.
  • Kt) represents the intensity of the back scattered light at an arbitrary time.
  • Tf ast and T s i ow are the time constants being driven by the below equation.
  • Index M is represented as the area (A) below the characteristic curve for a 10 second interval.
  • the characteristic of the aggregation of blood cells is known and represented by using such parameters.
  • Fig. 6 is a conceptual drawing of the device for measuring the aggregation of blood cells, which is different from the first example application shown in Fig. 1. This method is similar to that of Fig. 3, but the difference is that the illuminated beam from the light source is transmitted through the blood cell and is collected by the optic sensor.
  • Fig. 7 is a graph representing the results of measured aggregation of blood cells based on the time elapsed according to the example application of Fig. 6.
  • the coagulation of the blood sample is minimum, so that it has relatively the least amount of transmission.
  • the transmitted beam is rapidly increased as the coagulation of the blood cell rapidly increases as time elapses.
  • the intensity of the back scattered light illuminated by the light source is varied and detected by the optic sensor (32).
  • the optic sensor (32) As time elapses, the coagulation of the blood cell increases. Because most of the illuminated beam is transmitted, it has a higher value of intensity than does the back scattered light.
  • the apparatus of the present invention adopts the disposable parts, which are directly contacted by the blood sample.
  • the disposable parts are the sample inlet (11), capillary tube (12) and blood container (13), which are made of silicon, quartz, silica, glass, polymer workable by laser, polymer formable by extrusion, or ceramic materials. It is convenient to use for the blood test and can be easily disposed of after use.
  • the test kit is easily formed with a plastic material as the substrate by the technology of micro-injection.
  • the disposable test kit made of the plastic material as the substrate is suitable for one time use and can be discarded after testing to avoid biological hazard. It is possible to produce the capillary tube with the materials of silicon, quartz, silica, and glass by the MASK through the similar method of the LIGA process.
  • the material of the disposable kits can be either silicon, quartz, silica, glass, polymer workable by laser, polymer formable by extrusion, or ceramic.
  • the blood sample container (13) is a circular chamber of various sizes depending on the intended use.
  • a blood sample container having a diameter of lm ⁇ rlOmm, and a depth of 0.1mm ⁇ 4mm is commonly used. Accordingly, it is designed to use a blood sample of a few micro-liters for the test.
  • An air vent (17) is provided to make the sample blood flow smoothly into the sample container. Therefore, the sample blood can fill the sample container.
  • the upper and lower lids of the sample container are transparent, so that the hemocyte coagulation taking place in the container is easily observed and measured by the intensity of the reflected light beam.
  • the disposable stirring unit (21) located inside of the sample container is activated by the stirring induction unit (20). If the stirring inducing mechanism uses a permanent magnet, materials affected by the magnet field and having proper size and shape can be used as the stirring unit.
  • the stirring unit can be an iron rod having a diameter of 0.3-0.8mm and a length of 1 ⁇ 4mm. Of course, the size of the stirring unit is sized proportionally to the blood sample container.
  • the stirring unit may have a spherical shape, or to be metal particles coated with polymer or Teflon. Such a coating on the metal stirring unit neutralizes the reaction of the blood cell coagulation.
  • the coated stirring unit is also disposable.
  • the blood sample in the sample container is stirred by the stirring unit (21) and the stirring induction unit (20). At this point, it is important to have a proper stirring strength and duration to avoid damage to the blood cells. Because excessive strength and duration of stirring may damage the blood cells and affect the coagulation of the blood cells, precautions must be taken to avoid such damage. Further, a protective shield for the magnetic field is placed in the blood sample container to prevent the interference of the magnetic field with the coagulation of the blood cells.
  • the stirring induction unit (20) induces the stirring unit (21) to stir the blood cells for a proper strength and time which has the purpose of dispersing the initial coagulation of the blood cells.
  • the stirring induction unit (20) comprises a compact motor, a disk and a set of permanent magnets. A set of permanent magnets is arranged in symmetry on the disk, which is driven by the compact motor. As the disk and permanent magnets rotate, the stirring unit (21) in the sample container is influenced by the magnetic field to also rotate. The rotating speed of the stirring unit (21) is dependent on the rotating speed of the compact motor.
  • the stirring unit (21) and the stirring induction unit (20) are able to perform the spinning by altering the magnetic poles along the rotation of the disk. This device does not require any rotating mechanisms.
  • Such a stirring method by the stirring induction and stirring units is noiseless and effective to disperse the initial coagulation of the blood cells within a short time.
  • This device is also compact in size and suitable to solve the problems of the conventional device.
  • the conventional device has a technical problem of dispersion for dispersing the initial coagulation of the blood cells.
  • the first example of the conventional technology adopts the rotational shield flow method by using a double concentric circular tube. This mechanism is complicated, expensive and difficult to wash.
  • the second example of the conventional technology adopts the vibrational method for dispersing the initial coagulation of the blood cells. This mechanism has a noise problem.
  • the stirring and the stirring induction units of the present invention solve the problems of both conventional technologies
  • a light source located one side of the blood sample container for illuminating the sample blood can be any of the photodiode, Laser, Laser Diode or Light Emitting Diode (LED) technologies.
  • An optic sensor (32) may also selectively use either a photodiode or a CCD sensor array for detecting the reflected beams.
  • thermo-electric component or a halogen lamp as an optical method is adopted to preheat and maintain a temperature of 37C for the disposable parts of the present invent ion.
  • a schematic drawing shows a partial cut-out of the inner portion being in direct contact with the blood sample.
  • the photographs show the before and after of injection of the blood sample into the inner portion making direct contact with the blood sample.
  • Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 are photographs showing the stagnating state, and the rotating state of blood sample stirred by the stirring unit .
  • the difference as compared with Fig. 1, is that the injection inlet (12' ) of the blood sample is directly located at the blood sample container.
  • the blood sample is directly injected into the blood sample container (13' ) without passing through the capillary tube.
  • An air-vent (17' ) is also located at the opposite side of the injection inlet (12' ).
  • the blood sample container has a diameter of 5mm in and a depth of 150 ⁇ m and the stirring unit is 3.5mm in length and 80 ⁇ m in diameter. This container will accept 10 ml of blood for testing the coagulation of the blood cells.

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Abstract

An apparatus and method for measuring a blood cell aggregation rate in a blood circulation of a living body has been developed, which is comprising a liquid sample container for storing sample blood, a stirring unit for stirring the sample blood for setting the initial test condition, a stirring induction unit for inducing the stirring unit, a light source for illuminating the sample blood, an optic sensor for detecting reflected lights from the blood sample, a processor for initiating the stirring operation and analyzing the detected beams to calculate the aggregating rate of the sample blood cells based on the elapsed time intervals and an output unit for outputting the aggregation rate calculated by the processor. This device can measure the aggregating rate of the blood cell with a small blood sample and within a short period of time.

Description

[DESCRIPTION]
[Invention Title]
APPARATUS FOR MEASURING BLOOD CELL AGGREGATION USING STIRRING
[Technical Field]
The present invention relates to an apparatus for measuring blood cell aggregation rate, and more particularly, to an apparatus in which the blood cells are dispersed by a stirrer before measuring, then illuminated by a light beam from a light source to measure the blood cell aggregation rate using an optical sensor.
[Background Art]
As it is known that the aggregation of blood cells is a direct factor affecting the viscosity and rheological characteristics of blood, it has been attempted to develop various devices for measuring the aggregation of blood cells.
Especially, a rheological device utilizing the laser-assisted optical rotational cell analyzer (LORCA) was published in the journal "Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation (Vol. 21, pp. 1-11, 2001)." It discloses a technology in which a laser beam is directed onto the blood cells in a rotational Couette flow through double concentric tubes to obtain back- scattered light. The photodiode sensor detects the reflected beam to send the optical information to a computer for analyzing the blood cell coagulability based on the intensity of the reflected beam.
In this case, prior to measurement, the blood cells are initially dispersed. The outer shell of the double concentric pipes is rotated at a high speed velocity to develop a shear flow. The shearing rate of 500 (1/s) is maintained for more than five seconds. As soon as the rotating is suddenly stopped, the shear flow is rapidly stopped within 0.1 second. From this point, the coagulation will progress. The variation of the intensity of the back scattered light is measured based on the elapsed time. It is known as the syllectogram, which is the most scientific measurement of blood cell coagulation available at the present time. This method has been adopted by many institute laboratories for diagnosis based on the blood test.
However, the aforementioned first example of the conventional technology requires a 2ml blood sample for one measurement. So, it has a disadvantage of consuming a large quantity of blood, difficulty of repetitive measurement due to the sedimentation of blood cells, and inconvenience for use at the clinical site due to the requirement of separate vacuum pump with cleaning agent for cleaning the device after the test.
On the other hand, the second example of the conventional technology is the Korean Patent No. 0532567 registered by the present inventor and entitled "An Apparatus and Method for Measuring the Blood Cell Aggregation by Using Vibration."
According to the second example, a small blood sample is placed in the blood sample container. A vibrating method is applied for a preset time period to completely disperse the initially coagulated blood cell. After stopping the vibration, the intensity of light transmission is measured to analyze the coagulability of the blood cells.
The advantages of this device are that it has adopted a disposable kit to eliminate cleaning and the device is simplified by applying the technology of linear vibration for dispersing the initially coagulated blood cells instead of the technology of shear flow generated by rapid spinning.
However, the aforementioned second example of the conventional technology also has disadvantages in that it is difficult to build a noiseless vibrating device at the present time. Another disadvantage is that it has a tendency to separate the hemocyte from the blood plasma due to the density difference. Even if no separation occurrs, the high speed vibration of the second conventional technology introduces serious errors during the measurement of the blood cell coagulability because the density of the blood cells is not evenly uniform due to the vibration.
Further, the second conventional technology has disadvantages of consuming a blood sample larger than 2ml and inducing the blood sample into the capillary tube due to the vibration.
It is well-known technology to measure the coagulability of the blood cell by using the method of transmitting light or back-scattering light. Both the first and second conventional technologies have a common process to disperse the initial coagulation of the blood sample by adopting the complicated rotational shear flow method or the vibration method. However, both technologies have disadvantages of being noisy or introducing serious measuring errors. Due to the aforementioned problems, both technologies are not utilized in practice at clinic sites.
[Disclosure]
[Technical Problem]
In order to overcome the aforementioned problems, the objective of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for measuring hemocyte coagulability using the minimum quantity of blood sample within a short time.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a device and method for dispersing initially coagulated blood cells before measuring. Such a device must have a simple structure, easy operation and lower production cost by adopting disposable parts. Such a technology for measuring the coagulability of blood cells is provided to solve the aforementioned problems.
[Technical Solution]
The present invention is related to the device and method for measuring the coagulability of blood cells based on the elapsed time. The device employs a minute stirring mechanism for dispersing the initially coagulated blood cells into individual cells before measuring, a light source and an optical sensor. The device of the present invention is composed of a blood sample container (13) for storing the sample blood (14), a disposable stirring unit (21) disposed inside of the blood sample container, a stirring induction unit (20) attached outside the blood sample container for inducing stirring, a light source(31) attached to one side of the blood sample container for illuminating the blood sample, an optical sensor (32) located in the same direction or the opposite direction with respect to the light source for detecting the transmitted light beams or back-scattered light beams from the blood sample, a computer ρrocessor(δl) for processing and storing the data transmitted from the optical sensor, a display (52) for displaying the results, a data memory (53) and an output unit (54).
Further, the present invention provides a method for measuring the coagulability of blood cells by using the above measuring device, the method comprising the following steps: a blood sample is injected into a blood sample container for storage; the blood sample stored in the blood sample container is stirred by the stirring unit in order to disperse the sample blood to set an initial test condition, the reflected light or reverse- reflected light from the blood sample is detected by an optic sensor, the detected beams are analyzed to calculate the aggregation rate of the sample blood cell based on the elapsed time interval by a processor, and the calculated aggregation rate as a function of an exponential is output by the processor. [Advantageous Effects]
The stirring unit and the stirring induction unit of the present invention has to the benefit of effectively dispersing the initial coagulation of the blood cells within a short time. It also has merits of noiseless, compact size and low power consumption.
Further, it is designed not only to require a minimum blood sample of a few micro-liters, but also to directly take the blood sample from the finger tip of the patient. Thus, it is possible to test the blood cell coagulability at the clinical site.
Especially, this device of the present invention is designed to preclude direct contact with the blood sample by adopting disposable parts. Therefore, it is advantageous to use this test kit for diagnosing at the actual practice site.
While this invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment and the drawings, but, on the contrary, it is intended to cover various modifications and variations within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. [Description of Drawings]
Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating a device for measuring the aggregation of blood cells using a stirrer according to the present invent ion.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the disposable kit for measuring the aggregation of blood cells as seen in Fig.l.
Fig. 3 is a conceptual drawing illustrating the device for measuring the aggregation of blood cells utilizing the stirrer shown in Fig. 1 and the light back-scattering method of the first example application.
Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the results of the measurements of the aggregation of blood cells according to the first example application shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is an analysis graph to determine the index of the aggregation of blood cells based on the time elapsed according to the results of the measurement as shown in the curve of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a conceptual drawing illustrating the device for measuring the aggregation of blood cells utilizing the stirrer shown in Fig. 1 and the light-transmission method of the second example application.
Fig. 7 is a graph representing the results of the measurement of aggregation of blood cells based on the elapsed time as shown in the example application of Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 is a schematic drawing showing a partial cut-out of the inner portion directly contacting the blood sample according to the third example application for measuring the aggregation of blood cells using a stirrer of the present invention.
Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 are the photographs showing before and after injection of the blood sample into the inner portion directly contacting the blood sample according to the third example application of the present invent ion.
Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 are the photographs showing the stagnating state and rotating state of the blood sample stirred by the stirring unit according to the third example application of the present invention. [Best Mode]
Hereinafter, an apparatus for measuring the aggregation of blood cells by using a stirrer according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As seen, Fig. 1 is a schematic drawing illustrating a device for measuring the aggregation of blood cells by using a stirrer according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the disposable kit for measuring the aggregation of blood cells as seen in Fig.l. Fig. 3 is a conceptual drawing illustrating the device for measuring the aggregation of blood cells using the stirrer shown in Fig. 1 and the light back-scattering method of the first example application.
First, the blood sample (14) is injected into the inlet (11) of the test kit. At this point the injected blood sample is drawn into the storage container (13) through the capillary tube by the capillary effect. Alternatively, the blood sample (14) is injected directly into the storage container (13) of the test kit, or the proper amount of the blood sample (14) is taken directly from the finger tip of the patient. In this case, the storage (13) container has been coated with the anticoagulant.
Next, a stirring unit (21) is activated by a stirring induction unit (20). The stirring unit (21) disposed inside of the blood sample storage container (13) has a length(mm). The stirring induction unit (20) contains a permanent magnet .
Through the stirring process, the blood cells which initially tend to coagulate in the blood sample storage container (13) are dispersed to individual cells.
Then the sample blood is illuminated by a light source attached to one side of the blood sample storage container (13). The light source can be a type of Laser, Laser Diode or Light Emitting Diode (LED). The back-scattered light from the blood cells in the blood sample is detected by an optic sensor (32) located at the same side of the sample container as is the light source. A photodiode can be used as the optic sensor (32). The processor (51) transforms the detected light beams to electrical signals, and stores the collected data. The collected data (information), which is analyzed the characteristics of the aggregation of blood cells, is evaluated and displayed on the display screen (52).
Fig. 4 is a graph illustrating the result of the measured aggregation of blood cells based elapsed time, according to the first example application shown in Fig. 3.
Because the blood sample coagulates before being stirred, the surface area of the blood cell is initially relatively low. Therefore, most of the illuminated beam from the light source penetrates through the blood cells and the amount of the back scattered light is relatively small.
When the blood cell is stirred by the stirring induction unit (20), the blood sample is dispersed from the coagulated state within 2 to 3 seconds. The surface area of the blood cells is increased to the maximum, so the amount of the back scattered light is rapidly and exponentially increased to reach the maximum value. When the stirring is stopped, the blood cells start to coagulate again at an exponentially increasing rate. Accordingly, the intensity of the back scattered light is exponentially decreasing. The optic sensor (32) detects the back scattered light, and the processor (51) transforms the detected beams to electrical signals, analyzing the characteristics of the aggregation of blood cells, and storing the collected data. The collected data is displayed on the display screen (52).
As shown in Fig. 5, an analysis graph is presented to determine the index of the aggregation of blood cells based on the time elapsed according to the measurement shown in Fig. 4.
The analysis of the characteristic curve for the aggregation of blood cells is publicly well known, and it is briefly summarized as follows:
The measured values between the two points, which are the initial value (IMX) and the completed value (Imm) of the aggregation of blood cells are approximately plotted to curve-fitting as a bi-exponential curve. Kt) represents the intensity of the back scattered light at an arbitrary time. Imax represents the initial intensity of the back scattered light at (t = 0). The specific values Tfast and Tsiow are the time constants being driven by the below equation. AMP is defined as the difference between the initial value (Imax) and the completed value (Imm) of the aggregation of blood cells. The equation represents: AMP = Imax - Imin
Further, the value corresponding to "Imm + (1/2) AMP" is defined at
Figure imgf000010_0001
Index M is represented as the area (A) below the characteristic curve for a 10 second interval.
The index of the aggregation of blood cells (AI) is the ratio of area (A) to the sum of area (A) and area (B), represented by AI = A/(A+B).
As introduced, the characteristic of the aggregation of blood cells is known and represented by using such parameters.
Fig. 6 is a conceptual drawing of the device for measuring the aggregation of blood cells, which is different from the first example application shown in Fig. 1. This method is similar to that of Fig. 3, but the difference is that the illuminated beam from the light source is transmitted through the blood cell and is collected by the optic sensor.
Fig. 7 is a graph representing the results of measured aggregation of blood cells based on the time elapsed according to the example application of Fig. 6.
At the initial stirring, the coagulation of the blood sample is minimum, so that it has relatively the least amount of transmission. After the stirring stops, it is observed that the transmitted beam is rapidly increased as the coagulation of the blood cell rapidly increases as time elapses. As the coagulation of the dispersed blood cells varies, the intensity of the back scattered light illuminated by the light source is varied and detected by the optic sensor (32). As time elapses, the coagulation of the blood cell increases. Because most of the illuminated beam is transmitted, it has a higher value of intensity than does the back scattered light.
As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the apparatus of the present invention adopts the disposable parts, which are directly contacted by the blood sample. The disposable parts are the sample inlet (11), capillary tube (12) and blood container (13), which are made of silicon, quartz, silica, glass, polymer workable by laser, polymer formable by extrusion, or ceramic materials. It is convenient to use for the blood test and can be easily disposed of after use.
As seen in Fig. 3, the test kit is easily formed with a plastic material as the substrate by the technology of micro-injection. The disposable test kit made of the plastic material as the substrate is suitable for one time use and can be discarded after testing to avoid biological hazard. It is possible to produce the capillary tube with the materials of silicon, quartz, silica, and glass by the MASK through the similar method of the LIGA process.
Therefore, the material of the disposable kits can be either silicon, quartz, silica, glass, polymer workable by laser, polymer formable by extrusion, or ceramic.
As shown in Fig. 3, the blood sample container (13) is a circular chamber of various sizes depending on the intended use. A blood sample container having a diameter of lmπrlOmm, and a depth of 0.1mm ~ 4mm is commonly used. Accordingly, it is designed to use a blood sample of a few micro-liters for the test.
An air vent (17) is provided to make the sample blood flow smoothly into the sample container. Therefore, the sample blood can fill the sample container. The upper and lower lids of the sample container are transparent, so that the hemocyte coagulation taking place in the container is easily observed and measured by the intensity of the reflected light beam.
The disposable stirring unit (21) located inside of the sample container is activated by the stirring induction unit (20). If the stirring inducing mechanism uses a permanent magnet, materials affected by the magnet field and having proper size and shape can be used as the stirring unit. The stirring unit can be an iron rod having a diameter of 0.3-0.8mm and a length of 1 ~ 4mm. Of course, the size of the stirring unit is sized proportionally to the blood sample container.
Further, it is possible for the stirring unit to have a spherical shape, or to be metal particles coated with polymer or Teflon. Such a coating on the metal stirring unit neutralizes the reaction of the blood cell coagulation. Of course, the coated stirring unit is also disposable.
For evenly dispersing the initially coagulated blood cells, the blood sample in the sample container is stirred by the stirring unit (21) and the stirring induction unit (20). At this point, it is important to have a proper stirring strength and duration to avoid damage to the blood cells. Because excessive strength and duration of stirring may damage the blood cells and affect the coagulation of the blood cells, precautions must be taken to avoid such damage. Further, a protective shield for the magnetic field is placed in the blood sample container to prevent the interference of the magnetic field with the coagulation of the blood cells.
As shown in Fig. 1, the stirring induction unit (20) induces the stirring unit (21) to stir the blood cells for a proper strength and time which has the purpose of dispersing the initial coagulation of the blood cells. The stirring induction unit (20) comprises a compact motor, a disk and a set of permanent magnets. A set of permanent magnets is arranged in symmetry on the disk, which is driven by the compact motor. As the disk and permanent magnets rotate, the stirring unit (21) in the sample container is influenced by the magnetic field to also rotate. The rotating speed of the stirring unit (21) is dependent on the rotating speed of the compact motor.
The stirring unit (21) and the stirring induction unit (20) are able to perform the spinning by altering the magnetic poles along the rotation of the disk. This device does not require any rotating mechanisms.
Such a stirring method by the stirring induction and stirring units is noiseless and effective to disperse the initial coagulation of the blood cells within a short time. This device is also compact in size and suitable to solve the problems of the conventional device.
The conventional device has a technical problem of dispersion for dispersing the initial coagulation of the blood cells. The first example of the conventional technology adopts the rotational shield flow method by using a double concentric circular tube. This mechanism is complicated, expensive and difficult to wash. The second example of the conventional technology adopts the vibrational method for dispersing the initial coagulation of the blood cells. This mechanism has a noise problem. However, the stirring and the stirring induction units of the present invention solve the problems of both conventional technologies
As shown in Figs. 1 and 3, a light source located one side of the blood sample container for illuminating the sample blood can be any of the photodiode, Laser, Laser Diode or Light Emitting Diode (LED) technologies. An optic sensor (32) may also selectively use either a photodiode or a CCD sensor array for detecting the reflected beams.
Since blood cell coagulation rate varies according to the temperature, it is necessary to control the temperature. Therefore, a thermo-electric component or a halogen lamp as an optical method is adopted to preheat and maintain a temperature of 37C for the disposable parts of the present invent ion.
Finally, the third example application of the present invention is described as follows: as shown in Fig. 8, a schematic drawing shows a partial cut-out of the inner portion being in direct contact with the blood sample. In each of Fig. 9 and Fig. 10, the photographs show the before and after of injection of the blood sample into the inner portion making direct contact with the blood sample. Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 are photographs showing the stagnating state, and the rotating state of blood sample stirred by the stirring unit .
As shown in Fig. 8 to Fig. 10, the difference as compared with Fig. 1, is that the injection inlet (12' ) of the blood sample is directly located at the blood sample container. The blood sample is directly injected into the blood sample container (13' ) without passing through the capillary tube. An air-vent (17' ) is also located at the opposite side of the injection inlet (12' ).
As shown in Figs. 11 and 12 of the third example application, the stirring unit (17' ), formed as a tiny wire or rod disposed inside the blood sample container (13' ), is induced to rotate by the stirring induction unit (20) located outside thereof. The blood sample container has a diameter of 5mm in and a depth of 150μm and the stirring unit is 3.5mm in length and 80 μm in diameter. This container will accept 10 ml of blood for testing the coagulation of the blood cells.

Claims

[CLAIMS] [Claim 1]
An apparatus for measuring a blood cell aggregation rate in a blood circulation of a living body, the apparatus comprising: a liquid sample container for storing sample blood, a stirring unit (21) for stirring the blood stored in the liquid sample container to disperse the sample blood for setting the initial test condition, a stirring induction unit (20) for inducing the stirring unit, said stirring induction unit disposed outside thereof, a light source located on one side of the liquid sample container for illuminating the sample blood, an optic sensor for detecting reverse-reflected lights from the blood sample, said optic sensor located alongside of the light source, a processor connected to said stirring induction unit and said optic sensor for initiating the stirring operation and analyzing the detected beams to calculate the aggregating rate of the sample blood cells based on the elapsed time intervals, and an output unit for outputting the aggregation rate calculated by the processor. [Claim 2]
An apparatus for measuring a blood cell aggregation rate in a blood circulation of a living body, the apparatus comprising: a liquid sample container for storing sample blood, a stirring unit for stirring the blood stored in the liquid sample container to disperse the sample blood for setting the initial test condition, a stirring induction unit for inducing the stirring unit, said stirring induction unit disposed outside thereof, a light source located one side of the liquid sample container for illuminating the sample blood, an optic sensor for detecting light reflected from the blood sample, said optic sensor located on the opposite side of the container from the light source, a processor connected to said stirring induction unit and said optic sensor for initiating the stirring operation and analyzing the detected beams to calculate the aggregating rate of the sample blood cell based on the elapsed time intervals, and an output unit for outputting the aggregation rate calculated by the processor. [Claim 3]
An apparatus for measuring a blood cell aggregation rate as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, the apparatus further comprising: an inlet for inletting the blood sample, a capillary tube being connected to one end of said inlet for flowing the blood sample, and the opposite end of the capillary tube connected to the sample storing container for collecting the discharged blood sample. [Claim 4]
An apparatus for measuring a blood cell aggregation rate as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said stirring induction unit (20) has a rotating mechanism with a permanent magnet for inducing the stirring of the blood cells. [Claim 5]
An apparatus for measuring a blood cell aggregation rate as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said stirring induction unit (20) has an electrical rotating device by alternating electric poles of magnet for inducing the stirring of the blood cells. [Claim 6] An apparatus for measuring a blood cell aggregation rate as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said stirring unit (21) activated by the stirring induction unit (20) consists of a form of long rod, marble or particle for stirring the blood cells [Claim 7]
An apparatus for measuring a blood cell aggregation rate as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said apparatus further comprising an air vent (17) for automatically discharging the air while the waste blood sample is being collected so that the waste blood sample is allowed to flow into the storing container. [Claim 8]
An apparatus for measuring a blood cell aggregation rate as claimed in claim 3, wherein said blood sample storing container, said capillary tube and the inlet, which are in direct contact with the blood sample, are disposable. [Claim 9]
An apparatus for measuring a blood cell aggregation rate as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said light source is a form of Laser, Laser Diode or Light Emitting Diode (LED). [Claim 10]
An apparatus for measuring a blood cell aggregation rate as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein said optic sensor (32) could use either a photodiode or a CCD sensor array for detecting the reflected beams. [Claim 11]
A method for measuring a blood cell aggregation rate in a blood circulation of a living body, the method comprising steps of: injecting a blood sample into a liquid sample container for storing, stirring the sample blood stored in the liquid sample container by the stirring unit for dispersing the sample blood to set an initial test condition, detecting reflected light or reverse-reflected light from the blood sample by an optic sensor, analyzing the detected beams to calculate the aggregating rate of the sample blood cell based on the elapsed time intervals by a processor, and outputting an exponential function of the aggregation rate calculated by the processor .
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