WO2008070738A1 - Agrégation amélioré des trames de gestion dans un système de réseau sans fil - Google Patents

Agrégation amélioré des trames de gestion dans un système de réseau sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008070738A1
WO2008070738A1 PCT/US2007/086540 US2007086540W WO2008070738A1 WO 2008070738 A1 WO2008070738 A1 WO 2008070738A1 US 2007086540 W US2007086540 W US 2007086540W WO 2008070738 A1 WO2008070738 A1 WO 2008070738A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frame
management
frames
data
aggregated
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PCT/US2007/086540
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English (en)
Inventor
Alireza Raissinia
Guido Robert Frederiks
Vincent K. Jones
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Qualcomm Incorporated
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Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/947,735 external-priority patent/US20080130538A1/en
Application filed by Qualcomm Incorporated filed Critical Qualcomm Incorporated
Publication of WO2008070738A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008070738A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06—Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information

Definitions

  • the subject disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to techniques for frame aggregation in a wireless communication system.
  • Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various communication services; for instance, voice, video, packet data, broadcast, and messaging services may be provided via such wireless communication systems.
  • These systems may be multiple-access systems that are capable of supporting communication for multiple terminals by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems.
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
  • Overhead can come from various sources, such as addressing and error-checking information, control information, and re-transmission of corrupted information. As overhead increases, throughput of data decreases, making the network less efficient.
  • One conventional approach to increasing data throughput is to increase the bit rate of data streams being transmitted. Increasing the bit rate, however, can result in little or no increase in throughput due to the fact that increasing bit rate also increases bit error rate. As a result, an increasing fraction of available bandwidth might be used as the bit rate of data streams increases to retransmit corrupted information.
  • Another conventional approach to increasing data throughput is to improve transmission efficiency such that more available bandwidth can be used for data transmissions rather than overhead associated with the data transmissions. This can be accomplished by, for example, aggregating data frames to be transmitted. However, while data frames can ordinarily be aggregated in an efficient manner, efficient frame aggregation techniques do not exist for management frames, which can also contribute significant overhead. Therefore, there exists a need for aggregation techniques that can provide a reduction in management frame overhead.
  • a method for transmitting information in a wireless communication system is described herein.
  • the method can comprise identifying a plurality of frames to be transmitted, the frames comprising one or more data frames for communicating data within the wireless communication system according to a data frame protocol and one or more management frames for communicating management information within the wireless communication system according to a management 070940
  • a wireless communications apparatus can comprise a memory that stores data relating to one or more management frames.
  • the wireless communications apparatus can further include a processor configured to encapsulate the one or more management frames into respective data frames and to aggregate the encapsulated management frames into one or more aggregated frames.
  • the apparatus can comprise means for receiving one or more data frames and one or more management frames; means for encapsulating the management frames into one or more data frames; and means for aggregating the one or more received data frames and the encapsulated management frames.
  • Still another aspect relates to a computer-readable medium, which can comprise code for causing a computer to identify a plurality of frames for transmission, the frames comprising at least one data frame and at least one management frame; code for causing a computer to encapsulate a management frame into a data frame such that the management frame can be communicated as a data frame; code for causing a computer to aggregate the encapsulated management frame with one or more data frames or previously encapsulated management frames; and code for causing a computer to instruct transmission of the aggregated frames with a request for a block acknowledgment in response to the aggregated frames.
  • an integrated circuit can execute computer-executable instructions for coordinating transmission of management information.
  • the instructions can comprise receiving a management frame to be transmitted; and encapsulating the management frame into a data frame to enable aggregation and transmission of the management frame as a data frame.
  • a method for processing information in a wireless communication system can comprise receiving an aggregate frame, the aggregate frame comprises a plurality of subframes constructed according to a data frame format, at least one subframe contains a 070940
  • management frame containing management information; de-aggregating the aggregate frame to obtain the subframes contained within the aggregate frame; and obtaining management information from a subframe at least in part by decapsulating the subframe to obtain a management frame contained therein.
  • a wireless communications apparatus can comprise a memory that stores data relating to an aggregated frame comprising a plurality of data frames.
  • the wireless communications apparatus can further comprise a processor configured to obtain the plurality of data frames from the aggregated frame and to derive management information from a data frame at least in part by extracting a management frame from the data frame.
  • the apparatus can comprise means for receiving an aggregated data frame containing a plurality of data frames; means for de-aggregating the aggregated data frame into the plurality of data frames; and means for decapsulating respective management frames from respective data frames in which management frames are encapsulated.
  • Still another aspect relates to a computer-readable medium, which can comprise code for causing a computer to identify an aggregate frame comprising a plurality of data subframes; code for causing a computer to identify a data subframe that contains a management frame; and code for causing a computer to extract the management frame from the identified data subframe.
  • a further aspect relates to an integrated circuit that can execute computer- executable instructions for obtaining management information from an aggregate frame.
  • the instructions can comprise receiving an aggregate frame comprising a plurality of subframes; identifying information provided in one or more subframes that indicates the presence of respective management frames encapsulated in the one or more subframes; and decapsulating the one or more subframes in which respective management frames are encapsulated to extract the management frames.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a wireless multiple-access communication system in accordance with various aspects set forth herein.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system for frame aggregation in a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example management frame structure in accordance with various aspects.
  • FIGS. 4A-4B illustrate example management frame transmissions in a wireless communication system.
  • FIGS. 5-7 illustrate example frame aggregation schemes that can be employed in a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a system for management frame encapsulation and aggregation in accordance with various aspects.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates example data frame structures in accordance with various aspects.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example encapsulation technique for a management frame in accordance with various aspects.
  • FIG. 11 is a flow diagram of a methodology for enhanced management frame aggregation in a wireless communication system.
  • FIG. 12 is a flow diagram of a methodology for management frame encapsulation and aggregation.
  • FIG. 13 is a flow diagram of a methodology for receiving and processing aggregated management frames. 070940
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating an example wireless communication system in which one or more aspects described herein may function.
  • FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an apparatus that facilitates enhanced management frame aggregation in a wireless communication system.
  • FIG. 16 is a block diagram of an apparatus that facilitates utilization of aggregated and encapsulated management frames in a wireless communication system.
  • a component can be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, an integrated circuit, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer.
  • an application running on a computing device and the computing device can be a component.
  • One or more components can reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers.
  • these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.
  • the components can communicate by way of local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems by way of the signal).
  • 070940 e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network such as the Internet with other systems by way of the signal.
  • a wireless terminal can refer to a device providing voice and/or data connectivity to a user.
  • a wireless terminal can be connected to a computing device such as a laptop computer or desktop computer, or it can be a self contained device such as a personal digital assistant (PDA).
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • a wireless terminal can also be called a system, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, mobile station, mobile, remote station, access point, remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, user agent, user device, or user equipment.
  • a wireless terminal can be a subscriber station, wireless device, cellular telephone, PCS telephone, cordless telephone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device having wireless connection capability, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.
  • a base station e.g., access point
  • the base station can act as a router between the wireless terminal and the rest of the access network, which can include an Internet Protocol (IP) network, by converting received air-interface frames to IP packets.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the base station also coordinates management of attributes for the air interface.
  • various aspects or features described herein can be implemented as a method, apparatus, or article of manufacture using programming and/or engineering techniques.
  • article of manufacture as used herein is intended to encompass a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media.
  • computer readable media can include but are not limited to magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic strips%), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD)%), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, key drive).
  • an access point 100 includes multiple antenna groups. As illustrated in Fig. 1, one antenna group can include antennas 104 and 106, another can include antennas 108 and 110, and another can include antennas 112 and 114. While only two antennas are shown in Fig. 1 for each antenna group, it should be appreciated that more or fewer antennas may be utilized for each antenna group.
  • an access terminal 116 can be in communication with antennas 112 and 114, where antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to access terminal 116 over forward link 120 and receive information from access terminal 116 over reverse link 118.
  • access terminal 122 can be in communication with antennas 106 and 108, where antennas 106 and 108 transmit information to access terminal 122 over forward link 126 and receive information from access terminal 122 over reverse link 124.
  • communication links 118, 120, 124 and 126 can use different frequency for communication.
  • forward link 120 may use a different frequency then that used by reverse link 118.
  • Each group of antennas and/or the area in which they are designed to communicate can be referred to as a sector of the access point.
  • antenna groups can be designed to communicate to access terminals in a sector of areas covered by access point 100.
  • the transmitting antennas of access point 100 can utilize beamforming in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of forward links for the different access terminals 116 and 122.
  • an access point using beamforming to transmit to access terminals scattered randomly through its coverage causes less interference to access terminals in neighboring cells than an access point transmitting through a single antenna to all its access terminals.
  • An access point e.g., access point 100
  • an access terminal 070940
  • an access terminal 116 or 122 can be a fixed or mobile station for communicating with access points and can be referred to as a mobile terminal, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, a terminal, a wireless terminal, and/or other appropriate terminology.
  • UE user equipment
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a system 200 for frame aggregation in a wireless communication system in accordance with various aspects described herein.
  • System 200 can include one or more stations, such as a transmitting station 220 and a receiving station 240, which can communicate via respective antennas 222 and 242.
  • Transmitting station 220 and/or receiving station 240 can be, for example, base stations (e.g., access points 100), user terminals (e.g., access terminals 116 and/or 122), and/or any other suitable network entity.
  • base stations e.g., access points 100
  • user terminals e.g., access terminals 116 and/or 122
  • transmitting station 220 can be a base station
  • receiving station 240 can be a terminal
  • stations 220 and 240 can communicate using Basic Service Set (BSS) networking.
  • BSS Basic Service Set
  • transmitting station 220 and receiving station 240 can both be terminals, which can communicate using Independent BSS (IBSS) networking without requiring an access point.
  • IBSS Independent BSS
  • stations 220 and 240 can communicate using any number of antennas.
  • Fig. 2 designates station 220 as a transmitting station and station 240 as a receiving station, it should be appreciated that similar techniques to those illustrated in Fig. 2 could also be applied for communication from receiving station 240 to transmitting station 220.
  • transmitting station 220 can communicate information such as data and/or control signaling to receiving station 240 on the forward link.
  • This information can include, for example, data obtained from a data source 224 and/or another appropriate source, control signaling generated and/or otherwise obtained by a processor 226, and/or any other appropriate information for transmission to receiving station 240.
  • processor 226 or another suitable entity can identify data, control signaling, and other information to be transmitted by transmitting station 220 and place the information into respective frames. To facilitate this process, processor 226 can interact with memory 228.
  • frames transmitted by transmitting station 220 can include data frames and/or management frames.
  • data frames 070940 data frames 070940
  • data frames can be communicated and processed by transmitting station 220 and receiving station 240 according to one or more data frame protocols. Further, to reduce overhead associated with data frames and to increase the overall data throughput of system 200, transmitting station 220 can aggregate multiple data frames using a frame aggregator 230 prior to transmission via transmitter 232 and antenna 222. This can be accomplished, for example, by grouping multiple data frames into an aggregate frame for block transmission to one or more receiving stations 240 and/or other entities.
  • the frames can be provided with a quality of service (QoS) control field and/or another similar field in order to allow a station receiving the aggregate frame to wait for the conclusion of an aggregate frame and provide a single response for the aggregate frame.
  • QoS quality of service
  • management frames can be constructed by processor 226 and/or another appropriate entity to convey information that facilitates the establishment and maintenance of a communication link between transmitting station 220 and receiving station 240.
  • management frames can be communicated and processed by transmitting station 220 and receiving station 240 using one or more management frame protocols, which can be the same as or different than the data frame protocols used for data frames.
  • An example format that can be used for the construction of a management frame is illustrated by diagram 300 in Fig. 3. As illustrated by diagram 300, a management frame can begin with a 2-byte Frame Control (FC) field.
  • FC Frame Control
  • the FC field can contain a type field that identifies the frame as a management frame as well as a subtype field that identifies the type and/or function of the management frame.
  • the FC field of a management frame can identify the frame as a beacon frame, an association request and/or response frame, a re-association request and/or response frame, a disassociation request frame, an authentication and/or de-authentication frame, a probe request and/or response frame, an action frame, and/or another appropriate management frame subtype.
  • a management frame can further comprise a 2-byte 070940
  • DA Destination Address
  • SA Source Address
  • BSSID Basic Service Set Identifier
  • FCS Frame Check Sequence
  • one or more management frames generated by transmitting station 220 have been constructed using the structure illustrated in diagram 300 and/or another appropriate structure, they can be transmitted to one or more receiving stations 240 via transmitter 232 and antenna 222.
  • unlike data frames there have traditionally been no mechanisms by which management frames can be aggregated prior to transmission.
  • diagram 410 in Fig. 4A illustrates a transmission timeline for a unicast management frame.
  • a unicast management frame follows a sequence in which the initiator of a management frame exchange first transmits a MMPDU (Medium Access Control (MAC) Management Protocol Data Unit) within a management frame. Following transmission of the MMPDU, the transmitter waits for a Short Interframe Spacing (SIFS) period for an acknowledgement (ACK) and/or a similar response before proceeding with a following management frame.
  • MMPDU Medium Access Control
  • SIFS Short Interframe Spacing
  • ACK acknowledgement
  • management frames do not contain a QoS Control Field and/or other such information to allow their aggregation, and as a result each management frame requires its own response before other frames can be transmitted.
  • a SIFS waiting period follows each transmitted management frame, which reduces the overall efficiency of the system and undermines the performance gains provided by data frame aggregation. Further, because the number of management frames for correct operation of the system can increase as the bit rate of the system increases, the efficiency loss experienced by a system due to management frame response time can increase as the bit rate of the system increases.
  • system 200 can mitigate the above shortcomings associated with management frame response times by aggregating management frames with data frames at frame aggregator 230.
  • the management frames can be encapsulated into respective data frames by frame aggregator 230.
  • encapsulated management frames can then be aggregated with other data frames and transmitted to receiving stations 240 and/or other entities in system 200 using one or more communication protocols designated within system 200 for data frames.
  • both management and data frames can be communicated and processed in block transmissions without requiring a separate waiting period for each management frame.
  • a management frame e.g., an MMPDU
  • data MPDUs MAC Protocol Data Units
  • a Block Acknowledgement Request can be provided at the end of an aggregated frame, which can correspond to each data and/or management sub frame in the transmitted aggregated frame.
  • a receiver can provide a Block Acknowledgement (BA) that can specify acknowledgments and/or negative acknowledgements for each subframe in the transmitted aggregated frame.
  • BA Block Acknowledgement
  • subframes for which negative acknowledgements are specified in a block acknowledgment can be re -transmitted to the receiver. Such subframes can be aggregated into a new aggregate frame and/or transmitted individually to the receiver.
  • diagram 420 illustrates an explicit BAR communicated using a designated subframe within an aggregated frame
  • a BAR can also be made implicit by, for example, embedding acknowledgment policy information and/or other suitable information to convey a block acknowledgment request to the receiver in the final subframe of an aggregated frame.
  • data and management frames can be aggregated in an Aggregate PLCP (Physical Layer Convergence Procedure) Protocol Data Unit (A-PPDU), an Aggregate MPDU (A-MPDU), and/or any other suitable aggregate frame structure. Frame aggregation techniques utilizing these and other aggregate frame structures are described in more detail infra.
  • aggregated frames transmitted by transmitting station 220 can be received by receiving station 240 via antenna 242 and receiver 244. Received aggregated frames can then be provided to a frame de-aggregator 246 to 070940
  • frame de-aggregator 246 can operate in cooperation with a processor 248, which can in turn interact with memory 250.
  • data and/or management information obtained from aggregated frames processed by frame de- aggregator 246 can be provided to a data sink 252 and/or processor 248.
  • data-encapsulated management frames transmitted in an aggregated frame can include respective indications that the frames contain management information. Based on these indications, frame de-aggregator 246 can decapsulate the data-encapsulated management frames to obtain the management information stored therein. Additionally and/or alternatively, frame aggregator 230 at transmitting station 220 can encrypt one or more management frames prior to or subsequent to encapsulation and aggregation. Frame aggregator 230 can additionally provide indications of encrypted management information within respective encapsulated management frames, and based on these indications frame de-aggregator 246 at receiving station 240 can perform an appropriate decryption algorithm to obtain the management information provided in the encrypted frames.
  • transmitting station 220 and/or receiving station 240 can further include an artificial intelligence (AI) component 260.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • the term "intelligence” refers to the ability to reason or draw conclusions about, e.g., infer, the current or future state of a system based on existing information about the system. Artificial intelligence can be employed to identify a specific context or action, or generate a probability distribution of specific states of a system without human intervention. Artificial intelligence relies on applying advanced mathematical algorithms — e.g., decision trees, neural networks, regression analysis, cluster analysis, genetic algorithm, and reinforced learning — to a set of available data (information) on the system.
  • AI component 260 can employ one of numerous methodologies for learning from data and then drawing inferences from the models so constructed, e.g., hidden Markov models (HMMs) and related prototypical dependency models, more general probabilistic graphical models, such as Bayesian networks, e.g., created by structure search using a Bayesian model score or approximation, linear classifiers, such as support vector machines (SVMs), non-linear classifiers, such as 070940
  • HMMs hidden Markov models
  • SVMs support vector machines
  • 070940 non-linear classifiers
  • neural network methodologies methods referred to as "neural network” methodologies, fuzzy logic methodologies, and other approaches (that perform data fusion, etc.) in accordance with implementing various automated aspects described hereinafter.
  • FIGs. 5-7 various aggregation schemes that can be used for the aggregation of data frames in a wireless communication system (e.g., by frame aggregator 230) are illustrated. It should be appreciated, however, that the aggregation schemes described herein are provided by way of non-limiting example and that other aggregation schemes could be utilized.
  • a diagram 500 is provided that illustrates Aggregate MAC Service Data Unit (A-MSDU) frame aggregation.
  • A-MSDU frame aggregation is an efficient form of aggregation for data frames.
  • MSDU frames destined to a single receiver can be formed into an A-MSDU aggregated frame such that overhead associated with inter-frame space time (IFS) and physical layer (PHY) overhead (e.g., overhead associated with Preamble and Signal Field) is minimized.
  • A-MSDU frame aggregation can utilize a subframe header to delineate each MSDU in an aggregated frame.
  • each subframe header can be 14 bytes and include a two-byte Length field, a six-byte Source Address (SA) field, and a six-byte Destination Address (DA) field.
  • SA Source Address
  • DA Destination Address
  • an A-MSDU frame can be handled by the lower layer MAC (e.g., for encryption, queue management, address filtering and/or forwarding, and the like) as if the A-MSDU frame was a single MSDU frame.
  • the lower layer MAC e.g., for encryption, queue management, address filtering and/or forwarding, and the like
  • A-MSDU frame aggregation as illustrated by diagram 500 has traditionally been ineffective for aggregation of management frames.
  • an A-MSDU frame is encapsulated into a single MPDU, it can contain a single Frame Control (FC) field.
  • FC Frame Control
  • a Frame Control field can contain Type and Subtype fields to indicate the type of frame being transmitted, the Type and Subtype fields should be the same for all MSDUs within an A-MSDU frame.
  • management frames cannot be aggregated with data frames and/or other frames within an A-MSDU frame.
  • an A-MSDU frame can include a Quality 070940
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • management frames generally do not contain a QoS Control Field.
  • QoS Control Field example formats for the QoS Control Field are illustrated in the following table:
  • Table 1 QoS Control Field formats for an A-MSDU frame.
  • QoS Control Field formats for various frame types and subtypes within an A-MSDU frame are provided.
  • a QoS Control Field can contain a 4-bit Traffic Identifier (TID) followed by a 1-bit End of Service Period (EOSP) indication, a 2-bit Acknowledgement (Ack) policy, a reserved bit, and an 8 -bit Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) limit.
  • TID Traffic Identifier
  • EOSP End of Service Period
  • Ack Acknowledgement
  • TXOP Transmission Opportunity
  • a QoS Control Field can contain a 4-bit TID followed by a 1-bit EOSP indication, a 2-bit Ack policy, a 1-bit A-MSDU indication, and an 8-bit QoS Access Point Power Save (QAP PS) buffer state.
  • QAP PS QoS Access Point Power Save
  • a QoS Control Field can contain a 4-bit TID, a 1-bit EOSP indication, a 2-bit Ack policy, a reserved bit, and an 8-bit QAP PS buffer state.
  • a QoS Control Field can contain a 4-bit TID, a fixed bit, a 2-bit Ack policy, a 1-bit A-MSDU indication, and 070940
  • FIG. 6 comprises a diagram 600 that illustrates A-PPDU frame aggregation.
  • A-PPDU frame aggregation is a robust form of frame aggregation that utilizes the physical layer to provide a delineation field for MPDUs and/or Physical Layer Service Data Units (PSDUs).
  • PSDUs Physical Layer Service Data Units
  • each MPDU and/or PSDU in an aggregated frame can contain a single MSDU, a data A- MSDU, or a portion of a data A-MSDU and can be destined to multiple receivers.
  • the MAC Service Access Point can request the use of A-PPDU frame aggregation from the PHY SAP such that appropriate fields, such as the Signal Field (SF), are inserted at the beginning of each PSDU to be aggregated. Additionally, pad bits can be appended to the end of each PSDU such that a transmission of the PSDUs ends at an OFDM symbol boundary.
  • SAP MAC Service Access Point
  • an aggregated PPDU frame includes a SF for each PSDU in the aggregated frame.
  • the SF can contain a 16-bit Config field, which can provide information regarding rate, modulation, number of antennas, and the like.
  • the SF can further contain a 13-bit Length field, a 1-bit Last Packet Indicator (LPI) bit, a 4-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) field, and a 4-bit Tail field.
  • the SF can additionally contain Reserved fields of 16 bits and 8 bits, respectively.
  • each SF can be transmitted using Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK).
  • QPSK Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying
  • each SF can require a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the data symbols for demodulation, thereby allowing the length field to be relied on in order to delineate each PSDU.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • a management frame can be aggregated with other frames using A-PPDU frame aggregation as long as the management frame is the last frame in an aggregated frame.
  • a management frame is the last frame because, for example, a unicast management frame lacks a QoS control field to specify acknowledgement policy and therefore requires an immediate acknowledgment response.
  • A-PPDU aggregation for management frames has traditionally been difficult and minimally useful.
  • an A-MPDU frame can contain an MPDU delineation field that is transmitted at a data rate that makes it more efficient than A- PPDU frame aggregation.
  • MPDU frames within an A-MPDU frame may require the addition of padding bits such that delineation fields associated with the respective MPDUs are aligned with 32-bit word boundaries, thereby easing delineation search logic.
  • A-MPDU aggregation can be done in the lower MAC.
  • a lower MAC initiator for A-MPDU aggregation can inform a physical layer module that a frame currently in transit is an A-MPDU frame.
  • the physical layer module can set an aggregation bit in the HT signal field of the A-MPDU frame.
  • the physical layer can receive the aggregation bit and inform the lower MAC layer to begin an A-MPDU delineation search and thus de-aggregate into each MPDU.
  • Diagram 700 illustrates an example of a manner in which MPDUs can be aggregated in an A-MPDU frame.
  • MPDU delineation fields for respective MPDUs can contain a 4-bit reserved field, a 12-bit Length field that can represent the number of octets in the associated MPDU frame, an 8-bit CRC field for the proceeding 16 bits, and an 8-bit unique Word/Pattern field that can represent a constant pattern such as the ASCII code for the character "N.”
  • the Word/Pattern field can be utilized to search for a MPDU delineation field from within an A-MPDU frame.
  • A-MPDU aggregation can allow the aggregation of a management frame provided that the management frame is the final frame in a burst in a similar manner to A-PPDU aggregation.
  • a management frame is the last frame in an A-MPDU frame because, for example, a unicast management frame lacks a QoS control field to specify acknowledgement policy and therefore requires an immediate acknowledgment response.
  • A-MPDU aggregation for management frames has traditionally been met with similar difficulties as A-PPDU management frame aggregation.
  • Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a system 800 for management frame encapsulation and aggregation in accordance with various aspects.
  • system 800 includes a frame aggregator 810, which can overcome the 070940
  • frame aggregator 810 facilitates aggregation of management frames 804 with data frames 802 by encapsulating management frames 804 into respective data frames at a frame encapsulator 812 to create data-encapsulated management frames.
  • data-encapsulated management frames can be created by frame encapsulator 812 by creating data frames and embedding information from respective management frames 804 to be encapsulated into the created data frames.
  • frame encapsulator 812 can enable the aggregation of management frames 804 using A- PPDU, A-MPDU, A-MSDU, and/or any other suitable aggregation scheme at a data frame aggregator 814 to create aggregated frames 820.
  • frame encapsulator 812 can include acknowledgement policy indications in data-encapsulated management frames, which are generally required for aggregation as described with respect to Figs. 5-7 supra.
  • data-encapsulated management frames can be handled by a transmitter in a similar manner to other data frames.
  • data- encapsulated management frames can be assigned to a unique traffic access category (e.g., Traffic Class Identifier or TCID), such as best effort (e.g., highest priority) and/or another suitable category.
  • TCID Traffic Class Identifier
  • data frames 802 and management frames 804 encapsulated into data frames by frame encapsulator 812 can include a High Throughput (HT) Control Field, which can provide acknowledgement policy control functionality for the respective frames.
  • HT Control Fields can be added to respective data frames as illustrated in Fig. 9.
  • Diagram 910 in Fig. 9 illustrates a data frame format without a HT Control Field
  • diagram 920 illustrates a data frame format with a HT Control Field added.
  • the HT Control Field is illustrated in diagram 920 as located after a QoS Control Field and before a frame body, it should be appreciated that the HT Control Field could be located at any suitable location within a frame.
  • the HT Control Field can contain indicators to signal the presence of a data-encapsulated management frame to a recipient device.
  • indicators to signal the presence of a data-encapsulated management frame to a recipient device can contain two one-bit indicators to signal the presence of a data-encapsulated management frame to a recipient device.
  • two one-bit indicators can be utilized at any suitable location within the HT Control Field.
  • the first indicator can specify 070940
  • the HT Control Field can contain additional information, such as an A-MSDU Aggregation bit, rate feedback, reverse link data information (e.g., available TXOP time), piggybacking indicators, and the like.
  • frame encapsulator 812 can encapsulate a management frame into a data frame for aggregation as illustrated by diagram 1000 in Fig. 10.
  • selected fields from a management frame 1010 such as the Destination Address (DA), Source Address (SA), and Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID) fields, can be provided in respective address fields of a corresponding data-encapsulated management frame 1020.
  • DA Destination Address
  • SA Source Address
  • BSSID Basic Service Set Identifier
  • fewer than all Address Fields in a data-encapsulated management frame 1020 can be used.
  • the Sequence Control for the data-encapsulated management frame 1020 can be assigned in the same manner that data queues are assigned. For example, specific Sequence Control fields can be used for each TCID flow.
  • a data-encapsulated management frame 1020 can be configured to have two Frame Control (FC) fields.
  • a first FC field can be inserted in the header of the data-encapsulated management frame 1020.
  • a second FC field can be the FC field of management frame 1010, which can be prepended to the body of management frame 1010 and inserted into the body of data-encapsulated management frame 1020 such that the MAC layer of a receiving entity can obtain the management information within data-encapsulated management frame 1020.
  • signaling bits could be used in the HT Control Field of data-encapsulated management frame 1020 to convey the presence of management information as described supra with regard to Fig. 9. 070940
  • frame aggregator 810 can aggregate data frames 802 and/or management frames 804 using one or more aggregation schemes and can adaptively select one or more aggregation schemes for use during a particular aggregation operation.
  • frame aggregator 810 can determine whether there are other data frames 802 destined to the same receiver. If it is determined that other data frames 802 are destined to the receiver, frame aggregator can aggregate the management frame 804 and the data frames 802 into an A-MSDU frame.
  • frame aggregator 810 can instead facilitate the aggregation of the management frame 804 with other data frames 802 for other receivers using A-PPDU or A-MPDU aggregation schemes at the lower layer MAC.
  • Frame aggregator 810 can then select an appropriate acknowledgement policy, such as "block-ACK,” such that inefficiency associated with awaiting an acknowledgement after each transmitted frame is eliminated.
  • frame aggregator 810 can facilitate the aggregation of all frames at the lower layer MAC. In such a case, frame aggregator 810 can utilize A-PPDU and/or A-MPDU aggregation and elect not to utilize A-MSDU aggregation.
  • a new frame format having new Type and/or Subtype fields can be defined and utilized for unicast management frames 804 in order to allow frame aggregator 810 to include a QoS Control Field in the management frames 804 that can specify an acknowledgement policy (e.g., no-ACK or block-ACK).
  • an acknowledgement policy e.g., no-ACK or block-ACK
  • frame encapsulator 812 can set a bit in a predetermined field of each data-encapsulated management frame, such as a MGMT bit, to indicate the presence of management information in the frame.
  • frame aggregator 810 can facilitate the encryption of management frames 804 aggregated into one or more aggregated frames 820.
  • frame encapsulator 812 can set an additional bit, such as a MGMT EN bit, in each data-encapsulated management frame for which encryption is desired.
  • Data-encapsulated management frames can then be provided to an encryption module 816, where an encryption operation can be performed on frames for which the encryption bit is set.
  • the encrypted frames can then be provided to data frame aggregator 814 for aggregation. 070940
  • the aggregated frames 820 can be transmitted to one or more stations.
  • a header processing engine can parse the QoS Control Field of each frame within a received aggregated frame 820. If the QoS Control Field indicates that a HT Control Field is present for a given frame, the header processing engine can utilize the HT Control Field to determine whether the corresponding frame is a data-encapsulated management frame. For example, the header processing engine can determine if a MGMT bit is set within the HT Control Field of the frame. If the MGNT bit is set, the receiving station can then perform a decapsulation operation to obtain the management information from the frame. Next, depending on whether an encryption bit, such as a MGMT EN bit, is set within the frame, the receiving station can decrypt the management information and/or provide the management information to the upper layer MAC for further processing.
  • an encryption bit such as a MGMT EN bit
  • FIGs. 11-13 methodologies for frame aggregation in a wireless communication system are illustrated. While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more aspects, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein. For example, those skilled in the art will understand and appreciate that a methodology could alternatively be represented as a series of interrelated states or events, such as in a state diagram. Moreover, not all illustrated acts may be required to implement a methodology in accordance with one or more aspects.
  • Methodology 1100 begins at block 1102, wherein one or more data frames (e.g., data frames 802) and one or more management frames (e.g., management frames 804) to be transmitted are identified.
  • the management frames identified at block 1102 are encapsulated into respective data frames (e.g., by a frame encapsulator 070940
  • a control field provided in respective data frames into which management frames are encapsulated at block 1104 can provide indications that the data frames contain management information.
  • the control fields utilized for this indication can be existing control fields in data frames utilized by a system in which methodology 1100 is performed, or alternatively the control fields can be added to the data frames for aggregation.
  • such a control field can specify an acknowledgement policy for the management frames encapsulated at block 1104, thereby mitigating the traditional inefficiencies associated with the transmission of management frames.
  • management frames can additionally be encrypted before, during, or after encapsulation at block 1104 (e.g., by an encryption module 816). In the event that a management frame is encrypted, an additional indication can be provided to indicate that management information contained within a data frame is encrypted.
  • methodology 1100 can conclude at block 1106, wherein the data frames identified at block 1102 and the management frames encapsulated at block 1104 are aggregated (e.g., by a data frame aggregator 814 to create aggregated frames 820).
  • aggregation can be performed at block 1106 using A-MSDU, A-MPDU, and/or A- PPDU aggregation schemes and/or any other appropriate aggregation scheme or combination thereof.
  • aggregation at block 1106 can enable aggregated frames to be transmitted using a block acknowledgement scheme in order to allow multiple data and/or management frames to be communicated and processed at a receiver without requiring separate response for each frame.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates a methodology 1200 for management frame encapsulation and aggregation. It is to be appreciated that methodology 1200 can be performed by, for example, an access point and/or any other appropriate entity in a wireless communication system.
  • Methodology 1200 begins at block 1202, wherein one or more data frames and one or more management frames to be transmitted are identified.
  • the management frames identified at block 1202 are encapsulated into respective data frames.
  • encapsulation at block 1204 can be achieved by populating a data frame with information from a management frame identified at block 070940
  • a data frame into which a management frame is encapsulated at block 1204 can include acknowledgement policy information in order to facilitate the use of block- ACK, no- ACK, and/or other similar acknowledgement policies for the transmission of management frames.
  • acknowledgement policy information in order to facilitate the use of block- ACK, no- ACK, and/or other similar acknowledgement policies for the transmission of management frames.
  • indications are provided that relate the presence of management information in the respective encapsulated frames created at block 1204. Indications can be provided at block 1206 by, for example, setting a MGMT bit and/or another appropriate bit or combination of bits within respective encapsulated frames.
  • methodology 1200 can proceed to block 1208, where it is determined whether management information in one or more frames encapsulated at block 1204 is to be encrypted. Upon a positive determination at block 1208, methodology 1200 can proceed to block 1210, wherein the encapsulated frames for which encryption is desired are encrypted.
  • encryption at block 1210 can be performed using any suitable encryption technique and/or combination thereof. For example, an encryption operation can be performed based on a key, cryptosync, and/or other secret parameter known to an entity performing methodology 1200 and/or an entity to which a corresponding encrypted frame is to be transmitted.
  • encryption indications are provided for the respective frames encrypted at block 1210. Encryption indications at block 1212 can be provided, for example, by setting a MGMT EN bit and/or another appropriate bit or combination of bits within respective encrypted frames.
  • methodology 1200 can conclude at block 1214, wherein the data frames identified at block 1202 and the data-encapsulated management frames created at blocks 1204-1212 are aggregated using A-MSDU, A-PPDU, and/or A-MPDU aggregation.
  • an aggregation scheme utilized at block 1214 can be selected based on any appropriate criteria.
  • A-MSDU aggregation can be selected in the event that multiple frames are present for transmission to a single receiver.
  • A-PPDU aggregation can be selected in the event that frames are present for transmission to multiple receivers at different rates.
  • aggregated 070940 aggregated 070940
  • frames can be transmitted upon aggregation at block 1214 using a block acknowledgement scheme to allow the communication of multiple data and/or management frames without requiring a separate response period for each frame.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates a methodology 1300 for receiving and processing aggregated management frames. It is to be appreciated that methodology 1300 can be performed by, for example, a receiving station (e.g., receiving station 240) and/or any other appropriate network entity.
  • Methodology 1300 begins at block 1302, wherein an aggregated data frame is received (e.g., by a receiver 244 via an antenna 242).
  • the aggregated data frame received at block 1302 is de-aggregated (e.g., by a frame de-aggregator 246) to obtain one or more data frames within the aggregated frame.
  • the determination at 1306 can be performed by checking for the presence of a set MGMT bit and/or another suitable indicator in the respective data frames.
  • Methodology 1300 can conclude upon a negative determination at block 1306 or proceed to block 1308 upon a positive determination, wherein the management frames are extracted from the respective data frames into which they have been encapsulated.
  • Methodology 1300 can then proceed to block 1310, wherein it is determined whether the management frames extracted at block 1308 are encrypted.
  • the determination at block 1310 can be conducted by checking for the presence of a MGMT EN bit in the data frames from which the management frames are extracted at block 1308. Upon a negative determination at block 1310, methodology 1300 can conclude. Otherwise, methodology 1300 can proceed to block 1312 prior to concluding, wherein the encrypted management frames determined at block 1310 are decrypted.
  • Decryption at block 1312 can be performed using any suitable decryption operation. Further, decryption at block 1312 can utilize a key, cryptosync, and/or other secret value calculated by, communicated to, or otherwise known by an entity performing methodology 1300.
  • system 1400 is a multiple-input multiple-output 070940
  • transmitter system 1410 and/or receiver system 1450 could also be applied to a multi-input single-output (MISO) system wherein, for example, multiple transmit antennas (e.g., on a base station), can transmit one or more symbol streams to a single antenna device (e.g., a mobile station).
  • MISO multi-input single-output
  • transmitter system 1410 and/or receiver system 1450 described herein could be utilized in connection with a single output to single input (SISO) antenna system.
  • traffic data for a number of data streams are provided at transmitter system 1410 from a data source 1412 to a transmit (TX) data processor 1414.
  • TX data processor 1414 can format, code, and interleave traffic data for each data stream based on a particular coding scheme selected for each respective data stream in order to provide coded data.
  • the coded data for each data stream can then be multiplexed with pilot data using OFDM techniques.
  • the pilot data can be, for example, a known data pattern that is processed in a known manner. Further, the pilot data can be used at receiver system 1450 to estimate channel response.
  • the multiplexed pilot and coded data for each data stream can be modulated (i.e., symbol mapped) based on a particular modulation scheme (e.g., BPSK, QSPK, M-PSK, or M-QAM) selected for each respective data stream in order to provide modulation symbols.
  • a particular modulation scheme e.g., BPSK, QSPK, M-PSK, or M-QAM
  • data rate, coding, and modulation for each data stream can be determined by instructions performed on and/or provided by processor 1430.
  • modulation symbols for all data streams can be provided to a TX processor 1420, which can further process the modulation symbols (e.g., for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing or OFDM).
  • TX MIMO processor 1420 can then provides NT modulation symbol streams to NT transceivers 1422a through 1422t.
  • each transceiver 1422 can receive and process a respective symbol stream to provide one or more analog signals.
  • Each transceiver 1422 can then further condition (e.g., amplify, filter, and upconvert) the analog signals to provide a modulated signal suitable for transmission over a MIMO channel. Accordingly, NT modulated signals 070940
  • transceivers 1422a through 1422t can then be transmitted from NT antennas 1424a through 1424t, respectively.
  • the transmitted modulated signals can be received at receiver system 1450 by NR antennas 1452a through 1452r.
  • the received signal from each antenna 1452 can then be provided to respective transceivers 1454.
  • each transceiver 1454 can condition (e.g., filter, amplify, and downconvert) a respective received signal, digitize the conditioned signal to provide samples, and then processes the samples to provide a corresponding "received" symbol stream.
  • An RX MIMO/data processor 1460 can then receive and process the NR received symbol streams from NR transceivers 1454 based on a particular receiver processing technique to provide NT "detected" symbol streams.
  • each detected symbol stream can include symbols that are estimates of the modulation symbols transmitted for the corresponding data stream.
  • RX processor 1460 can then process each symbol stream at least in part by demodulating, deinterleaving, and decoding each detected symbol stream to recover traffic data for a corresponding data stream.
  • the processing by RX processor 1460 can be complementary to that performed by TX MIMO processor 1420 and TX data processor 1414 at transmitter system 1410.
  • RX processor 1460 can additionally provide processed symbol streams to a data sink 1464.
  • the channel response estimate generated by RX processor 1460 can be used to perform space/time processing at the receiver, adjust power levels, change modulation rates or schemes, and/or other appropriate actions. Additionally, RX processor 1460 can further estimate channel characteristics such as, for example, signal-to-noise-and-interference ratios (SNRs) of the detected symbol streams. RX processor 1460 can then provide estimated channel characteristics to a processor 1470. In one example, RX processor 1460 and/or processor 1470 can further derive an estimate of the "operating" SNR for the system. Processor 1470 can then provide channel state information (CSI), which can comprise information regarding the communication link and/or the received data stream. This information can include, for example, the operating SNR. The CSI can then be processed by a TX data processor 1418, modulated by a modulator 1480, conditioned by transceivers 1454a through 070940
  • CSI channel state information
  • a data source 1416 at receiver system 1450 can provide additional data to be processed by TX data processor 1418.
  • the modulated signals from receiver system 1450 can then be received by antennas 1424, conditioned by transceivers 1422, demodulated by a demodulator 1440, and processed by a RX data processor 1442 to recover the CSI reported by receiver system 1450.
  • the reported CSI can then be provided to processor 1430 and used to determine data rates as well as coding and modulation schemes to be used for one or more data streams. The determined coding and modulation schemes can then be provided to transceivers 1422 for quantization and/or use in later transmissions to receiver system 1450.
  • the reported CSI can be used by processor 1430 to generate various controls for TX data processor 1414 and TX MIMO processor 1420.
  • CSI and/or other information processed by RX data processor 1442 can be provided to a data sink 1444.
  • processor 1430 at transmitter system 1410 and processor 1470 at receiver system 1450 direct operation at their respective systems.
  • memory 1432 at transmitter system 1410 and memory 1472 at receiver system 1450 can provide storage for program codes and data used by processors 1430 and 1470, respectively.
  • various processing techniques can be used to process the NR received signals to detect the NT transmitted symbol streams. These receiver processing techniques can include spatial and space-time receiver processing techniques, which can also be referred to as equalization techniques, and/or "successive nulling/equalization and interference cancellation" receiver processing techniques, which can also be referred to as “successive interference cancellation” or “successive cancellation” receiver processing techniques.
  • Fig. 15 illustrates an apparatus 1500 that facilitates enhanced management frame aggregation in a wireless communication system (e.g., system 200). It is to be appreciated that apparatus 1500 is represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware). Apparatus 1500 can be implemented in a base 070940
  • a station e.g., transmitting station 220 and/or another suitable network entity and can include a module 1502 for receiving one or more data frames and one or more management frames, a module 1504 for encapsulating the management frames into respective data frames, a module 1506 for determining whether the encapsulated data frames are to be encrypted and encrypting the encapsulated data frames upon a positive determination, a module 1508 for aggregating the received and encapsulated data frames, and a module 1510 for transmitting the encapsulated data frames to one or more stations.
  • Fig. 16 illustrates an apparatus 1600 that facilitates utilization of aggregated and encapsulated management frames in a wireless communication system.
  • apparatus 1600 is represented as including functional blocks, which can be functional blocks that represent functions implemented by a processor, software, or combination thereof (e.g., firmware).
  • Apparatus 1600 can be implemented in a mobile station (e.g., receiving station 240) and/or another suitable network entity and can include a module 1602 for receiving an aggregated data frame, a module 1604 for de- aggregating the aggregated data frame into individual data frames, a module 1606 for decapsulating management frames from data frames, and a module 1608 for decrypting encrypted management frames.
  • aspects described herein can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, or any combination thereof.
  • systems and/or methods are implemented in software, firmware, middleware or microcode, program code or code segments, they can be stored in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage component.
  • a code segment can represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements.
  • a code segment can be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. can be passed, forwarded, or transmitted using any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.
  • MPDUs and other terminology commonly associated with various wireless communication standards
  • the described aspects are not limited to those standards and can be utilized in connection with a variety of wireless networking standards. More generally, the described aspects can be utilized in any wireless network in which multiple information-containing frames of variable length are aggregated prior to transmission in order to reduce overhead associated with transmitting multiple frames. Any number of frames can be aggregated, and the frames may be of any size desired. Moreover, it should be appreciated that the particular content of a given frame is not critical to the described aspects.
  • the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein.
  • the software codes can be stored in memory units and executed by processors.
  • the memory unit can be implemented within the processor or external to the processor, in which case it can be communicatively coupled to the processor via various means as is known in the art.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Les systèmes et méthodologies décrits facilitent l'agrégation améliorée des trames de gestion dans un système de communication sans fil. Divers aspects décrits ici permettent l'encapsulation des trames de gestion dans des trames de données respectives, en permettant ainsi l'agrégation des trames de gestion avec des trames de données. Lors de l'agrégation d'une trame de gestion encapsulée avec des trames de donnée, les trames regroupées peuvent être transmises à une ou plusieurs stations en utilisant un schéma d'accusé de réception de blocs. En outre, les informations contenues dans une trame de gestion peuvent être chiffrées avant leur transmission. Dès la transmission d'une trame regroupée, des indications peuvent être fournies à une station réceptrice pour indiquer la présence d'une trame de gestion encapsulée et/ou d'informations de gestion chiffrées dans la trame agrégée. En se basant sur ces indications, la station réceptrice peut extraire et/ou déchiffrer les informations de gestion de la trame agrégée.
PCT/US2007/086540 2006-12-05 2007-12-05 Agrégation amélioré des trames de gestion dans un système de réseau sans fil WO2008070738A1 (fr)

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WO2011009128A1 (fr) * 2009-07-17 2011-01-20 Aware, Inc. Trame de données et de sonde combinées (cdp)
EP2499766A4 (fr) * 2009-11-13 2016-03-02 Sony Corp Appareil de communication, procédé de communication, programme informatique et système de communication
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