WO2008065586A2 - Manipulation améliorée d'une fonction de transfert pour le rendu de volume - Google Patents

Manipulation améliorée d'une fonction de transfert pour le rendu de volume Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008065586A2
WO2008065586A2 PCT/IB2007/054741 IB2007054741W WO2008065586A2 WO 2008065586 A2 WO2008065586 A2 WO 2008065586A2 IB 2007054741 W IB2007054741 W IB 2007054741W WO 2008065586 A2 WO2008065586 A2 WO 2008065586A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control points
transfer function
editing
multiple control
unit
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Application number
PCT/IB2007/054741
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English (en)
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WO2008065586A3 (fr
Inventor
Cornelis P. Visser
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
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Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Publication of WO2008065586A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008065586A2/fr
Publication of WO2008065586A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008065586A3/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
    • G06T11/20—Drawing from basic elements, e.g. lines or circles
    • G06T11/203—Drawing of straight lines or curves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T15/00—3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering
    • G06T15/08—Volume rendering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T5/00—Image enhancement or restoration
    • G06T5/90—Dynamic range modification of images or parts thereof
    • G06T5/92—Dynamic range modification of images or parts thereof based on global image properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/20—Special algorithmic details
    • G06T2207/20092—Interactive image processing based on input by user

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of direct volume rendering and more specifically to manipulating a transfer function for direct volume rendering.
  • DVR direct volume rendering
  • Ref. 1 A method for defining and manipulating a transfer function for direct volume rendering (DVR) is described in published patent application document WO 2006/048796 entitled "Visualization of a rendered multi-dimensional dataset", hereinafter referred to as Ref. 1.
  • DVR uses a transfer function, also known as a lookup table, to assign a renderable optical property, e.g. color, opacity (or, equivalently, translucency), and/or emittance, to voxel intensity.
  • the transfer function described in Ref. 1 assigns color values and opacity values to voxel intensities of a multi-dimensional, e.g. three-dimensional (3-D), image dataset.
  • the graph TF is a polyline defined by multiple control points.
  • the horizontal coordinate of each point of the graph represents an intensity value of a range of intensity values.
  • the vertical coordinate of each point of the graph defines an opacity value of a range of opacity values assigned to the intensity value represented by the horizontal coordinate of the point.
  • the color displayed in the background BG at each point of the graph defines the color assigned to the intensity value represented by the horizontal coordinate of the point.
  • the manipulation of the transfer function is done by editing a control point, for example, by moving the control point left, right, up, or down. When a control point is moved, the transfer function graph is changed accordingly. For example, if the transfer function graph is a polyline, the two line segments, whose one end is the moved control point, are modified.
  • a system for editing a transfer function for direct volume rendering comprises: an interaction window unit for creating an interaction window for displaying the multiple control points; a control point unit for defining the multiple control points; a transfer function unit for computing the transfer function based on the multiple control points; a selection unit for selecting a plurality of control points from the multiple control points; and an editing unit for editing the plurality of control points, thereby editing the transfer function computed based on the multiple control points.
  • a user may draw an object in the interaction window.
  • the plurality of control points may be defined based on the object.
  • the user may then transform, e.g. translate or deform, the object.
  • the selected plurality of control points may be translated as a group and/or relative to each other based on the transformation of the object.
  • the object may be a drag-box, drawn by a user in the interaction window.
  • Control points comprised inside the drag-box may be selected as the plurality of control points.
  • the user may reposition the plurality of control points by modifying the drag-box, e.g. by changing the location, width and/or height of the drag-box.
  • the new positions of the plurality of control points may be computed based on the new location and dimensions of the drag- box.
  • any number of control points of the multiple control points may be repositioned by changing the dimension and/or location of the drag-box.
  • the displacement of the control points, based on editing the drag-box may be defined to optimize editing the transfer function for rendering an image of a certain object, e.g. the vertebrae or the heart.
  • a similar set of operations may be defined for an object other than a drag-box.
  • the system of the invention simplifies editing the transfer function.
  • editing the transfer function using the system of the invention, may require relatively fewer user interactions.
  • using the method of the invention it is possible to change opacity values in a sub-range of opacity values while preserving the local shape of the graph of the transfer function.
  • the editing unit comprises a plurality of editing modes for editing the plurality of control points. Each mode may be suitable for editing the transfer function for rendering an image of a different object, e.g. the heart or the vertebrae.
  • selecting and editing the plurality of control points is based on a drag-box. Selecting and editing the control points by using a drag-box is very intuitive.
  • selecting and editing the plurality of control points is based on a line segment between two control points of the multiple control points. All control points in the interaction window, which are comprised between the two ends of the line segment, belong to the plurality of control points. Editing the transfer function may be performed by dragging an end of the line segment.
  • the transfer function is defined as a polyline defined by the multiple control points; or a curve fitted to the multiple control points.
  • a polyline defined by multiple control points comprises line segments, whose ends are two neighboring control points.
  • the polyline defines a graph of a transfer function and thus, the transfer function.
  • Polylines are simple to implement, but are not smooth.
  • a smooth graph of a transfer function may be obtained by fitting a smooth curve to the control points, e.g. a Bezier curve or a B-spline curve.
  • system further comprises a rendering unit for rendering a view of a volumetric image dataset based on the edited transfer function. Rendering a view of a volumetric image dataset based on the edited transfer function provides the user with a feedback on the edited transfer function.
  • system further comprises a histogram unit for computing a histogram for displaying in the interaction window, based on the volumetric image dataset. Visualizing the histogram based on the volumetric image dataset provides the user with clues for editing the transfer function.
  • system according to the invention is comprised in an image acquisition apparatus.
  • system according to the invention is comprised in a workstation.
  • a method of editing a transfer function for direct volume rendering comprises: an interaction window step for obtaining a window input and for creating an interaction window for displaying the multiple control points, based on the window input; a control point step for obtaining multiple control point inputs and for defining the multiple control points, based on the multiple control point inputs; a transfer function step for computing the transfer function, based on the multiple control points; a selection step for obtaining a selection input and for selecting a plurality of control points from the multiple control points, based on the selection input; and an editing step for obtaining an edit input and for editing the plurality of control points, based on the edit input, thereby editing the transfer function computed based on the multiple control points.
  • a computer program product to be loaded by a computer arrangement comprises instructions for editing a transfer function for direct volume rendering, the transfer function being based on multiple control points, the computer arrangement comprising a processing unit and a memory, the computer program product, after being loaded, providing said processing unit with the capability to carry out the following tasks: creating an interaction window for displaying the multiple control points; defining the multiple control points; computing the transfer function, based on the multiple control points; selecting a plurality of control points from the multiple control points; and editing the plurality of control points, thereby editing the transfer function computed based on the multiple control points.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the system
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a window displaying a graph of the transfer function in the form of a color and opacity map
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a first embodiment of the system, wherein selecting and editing the plurality of control points is based on a drag-box;
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a second embodiment of the system, wherein selecting and editing the plurality of control points is based on a line segment
  • Fig. 5 shows a flowchart of an exemplary implementation of the method
  • Fig. 6 schematically shows an exemplary embodiment of the image acquisition apparatus
  • Fig. 7 schematically shows an exemplary embodiment of the workstation.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of the system 100 for editing a transfer function for direct volume rendering, wherein the transfer function is based on multiple control points, the system comprising: an interaction window unit 110 for creating an interaction window for displaying the multiple control points; a control point unit 112 for defining the multiple control points; a transfer function unit 115 for computing the transfer function, based on the multiple control points; a selection unit 120 for selecting a plurality of control points from the multiple control points; and an editing unit 130 for editing the plurality of control points, thereby editing the transfer function computed based on the multiple control points.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the system 100 further comprises the following optional units: a rendering unit 140 for rendering a view of a volumetric image dataset based on the edited transfer function; a histogram unit 150 for computing a histogram for displaying in the interaction window, based on the volumetric image dataset; a control unit 160 for controlling the workflow in the system 100; an input unit 165 for receiving and distributing inputs to the units of the system 100; a memory unit 170 for storing data.
  • a rendering unit 140 for rendering a view of a volumetric image dataset based on the edited transfer function
  • a histogram unit 150 for computing a histogram for displaying in the interaction window, based on the volumetric image dataset
  • a control unit 160 for controlling the workflow in the system 100
  • an input unit 165 for receiving and distributing inputs to the units of the system 100
  • a memory unit 170 for storing data.
  • the first input connector 181 is arranged to receive data coming in from data storage means such as, but not limited to, a hard disk, a magnetic tape, a flash memory, or an optical disk.
  • the second input connector 182 is arranged to receive data coming in from a user input device such as, but not limited to, a mouse or a touch screen.
  • the third input connector 183 is arranged to receive data coming in from a user input device such as a keyboard.
  • the input connectors 181, 182 and 183 are connected to an input control unit 180.
  • the first output connector 191 is arranged to output the data to a data storage means such as a hard disk, a magnetic tape, a flash memory, or an optical disk.
  • the second output connector 192 is arranged to output the data to a display device.
  • the output connectors 191 and 192 receive the respective data via an output control unit 190.
  • the system 100 comprises a memory unit 170.
  • the system 100 is arranged to receive input data from external devices via any of the input connectors 181, 182, and 183 and to store the received input data in the memory unit 170. Loading the input data into the memory unit 170 allows quick access to relevant data portions by the units of the system 100.
  • the input data may comprise, for example, the volumetric image data set.
  • the memory unit 170 may be implemented by devices such as, but not limited to, a Random Access Memory (RAM) chip, a Read Only Memory (ROM) chip, and/or a hard disk drive and a hard disk.
  • the memory unit 170 may be further arranged to store the output data.
  • the output data may comprise, for example, the transfer function data and the rendered image data.
  • the memory unit 170 is also arranged to receive data from and deliver data to the units of the system 100 comprising the interaction window unit 110, the control point unit 112, the transfer function unit 115, the selection unit 120, the editing unit 130, the rendering unit 140, the histogram unit 150, the control unit 160, and the input unit 165, via a memory bus 175.
  • the memory unit 170 is further arranged to make the output data available to external devices via any of the output connectors 191 and 192. Storing the data from the units of the system 100 in the memory unit 170 may advantageously improve the performance of the units of the system 100 as well as the rate of transfer of the output data from the units of the system 100 to external devices.
  • the system 100 may not comprise the memory unit 170 and the memory bus 175.
  • the input data used by the system 100 may be supplied by at least one external device, such as an external memory or a processor, connected to the units of the system 100.
  • the output data produced by the system 100 may be supplied to at least one external device, such as an external memory or a processor, connected to the units of the system 100.
  • the units of the system 100 may be arranged to receive the data from each other via internal connections or via a data bus.
  • the system 100 comprises a control unit 160 for controlling the workflow in the system 100.
  • the control unit may be arranged to receive control data from and provide control data to the units of the system 100.
  • the editing unit 130 may be arranged to send a control data "a plurality of control points are edited" to the control unit 160 and the control unit 160 may be arranged to provide a control data "compute the transfer function" to the transfer function unit 115, requesting the transfer function unit 115 to compute the transfer function.
  • a control function may be implemented in another unit of the system 100.
  • the system 100 comprises an input unit 165 for receiving inputs and distributing them to the units of the system 100.
  • the inputs may comprise a window input to the interaction window unit 110 for creating the interaction window, multiple control point inputs to the control point unit 112 for defining the multiple control points, a selection input to the selection unit 120 for selecting the plurality of control points from the multiple control points, and an edit input to the editing unit 130 for editing the plurality of control points.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a first embodiment of the system 100, wherein selecting and editing the plurality of control points is based on a drag-box.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a second embodiment of the system 100, wherein selecting and editing the plurality of control points is based on a line segment.
  • Each Figure shows an interaction window W, a color background BG, and a transfer function graph TF defined by multiple control points.
  • the renderable properties assigned by a transfer function to a voxel are color and opacity.
  • the skilled person will understand, however, that the system of the invention may be used for editing a transfer function which defines other combinations of renderable optical properties, for example, only opacity, or color, opacity and emittance.
  • the interaction window unit 110 of the system 100 is arranged for creating an interaction window.
  • the interaction window is arranged for displaying the multiple control points.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 show an example of an interaction window W for displaying a graph TF of the transfer function in the form of a color and opacity map.
  • the transfer function graph TF is a polyline defined by multiple control points.
  • the transfer function may be a curve fitted to the control points using any useful fitting method, e.g. an interpolation method. Each control point is represented by a small square.
  • the control point unit 112 is arranged for defining the multiple control points.
  • the multiple control points may be defined based on the multiple control point inputs provided by the user of the system 100 by means of a user input device such as a mouse or a trackball.
  • the transfer function unit 115 is arranged for computing the transfer function, based on the multiple control points.
  • the transfer function may be a polyline defined by the multiple control points.
  • a polyline is defined as a linear interpolation of the multiple control points.
  • the transfer function may be a curve fitted to the multiple control points by the transfer function unit 115, using any useful fitting method, e.g. an interpolation method such as a polynomial or spline interpolation method.
  • the graph TF of the transfer function may be displayed in the interaction window W, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4.
  • the selection unit 120 of the system 100 is arranged for selecting a plurality of control points from the multiple control points W.
  • the editing unit 130 of the system 100 is arranged for editing the plurality of control points, thereby editing the transfer function computed based on the multiple control points.
  • the selection input and the edit input may be provided by the user of the system 100 by means of a user input device such as a mouse or a trackball.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a first embodiment of the system 100, wherein selecting and editing the plurality of control points is based on a drag-box B.
  • the drag-box B may be drawn around some control points of the multiple control points as shown in the first picture 31.
  • the points inside the drag-box are grouped to form the selected plurality of control points e.g. on a mouse-button-release event.
  • the control points in the drag-box B may be visualized using e.g. a specific color or shape.
  • the user may now translate the drag-box B by a translation vector in any direction.
  • the plurality of control points inside the drag-box B are translated with the drag- box by the same translation vector.
  • the plurality of control points inside the drag-box B are not displaced relative to each other.
  • the drag-box B cannot be translated beyond the location of any control point outside the drag-box B.
  • the drag-box B and the plurality of control points inside the drag-box are translated to the left. Only two line segments of the graph TF are modified - the segments whose one end is inside the drag-box B and whose other end is outside the drag-box B.
  • the drag-box may be resized.
  • the user has picked a handle H at the top-left corner of the drag-box B and dragged the handle H downwards and to the right.
  • the plurality of control points inside the drag-box B are displaced with the drag-box B in such a way that the ratio between the distance from each control point to each edge of the drag-box B and the length of the other edge of the drag-box B is substantially constant.
  • the drag-box B cannot be expanded beyond the location of any control point outside the drag-box B. Only two line segments of the graph TF are modified - the segments whose one end is inside the drag-box B and whose other end is outside the drag-box B. Fig.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a second embodiment of the system 100 wherein selecting and editing the plurality of control points is based on a line segment between two control points of the multiple control points.
  • the user may draw a line segment L between two control points.
  • the left end El of the line segment L, the right end E2 of the line segment and all control points having their horizontal coordinate between the horizontal coordinates of the line segment L ends El and E2 are grouped into the plurality of control points.
  • the line segment L is shown in the first picture 41.
  • the line segment L is drawn based on a user input obtained from a user input device such as a mouse or a trackball, for example.
  • the points may be grouped on a mouse-button-release event, for example.
  • the plurality of control points may be visualized using e.g. a specific color or shape.
  • the user may now drag the line segment L in any direction. This results in a translation of the plurality of control points defined by the line segment L.
  • the line segment L cannot be translated beyond the location of any control not comprised in the selected plurality of control points, i.e. the horizontal coordinate of the left end El must be greater than the horizontal coordinate of each control point to the left of the left end El, and the horizontal coordinate of the right end E2 must be smaller than the horizontal coordinate of each control point to the right of the right end E2.
  • the line segment L is translated downwards by a translation vector.
  • the plurality of control points are translated with the line segment L by the same translation vector. Only two line segments of the graph TF are modified - the segment whose one end is the left end El or the right end E2 of the line segment L.
  • the line segment L may be resized and/or rotated.
  • the user has picked the left end El of the line segment L and dragged it upwards.
  • the left end El is moved up.
  • the right end E2 of the line segment L is not moved.
  • the remaining control points of the plurality of control points are weight-translated.
  • the translation vector of each control point of the plurality of control points may be substantially identical to the translation vector of the orthogonal projection of the control point on the line segment L, which line segment is extended (or contracted, for another displacement of an end of the line segment L) linearly.
  • the angle between two polyline segments at each control point may be assigned a bending energy dependent on the angle value, and each line segment of the polyline may be assigned a stretch-contraction energy dependent on the length value of the line segment.
  • the displacement of the angles with vertices at non-end control points of the plurality of control points may be defined by their positions at which the total energy of the plurality of control points is the minimum energy.
  • the total energy of the plurality of control points may comprise the sum of all bending energies of the non-end control points of the plurality of control points plus the sum of all stretch-contraction energies of line segments between the control points of the plurality of control points.
  • the control points cannot be translated in such a way that the resulting polyline is not a function graph in the mathematical sense. This may require adding additional energy terms to the total energy.
  • the editing unit 130 comprises a plurality of editing modes for editing the plurality of control points. Each mode may be optimized for editing a transfer function for rendering an image of an anatomical structure, e.g. the heart or vertebrae.
  • the system 100 further comprises a rendering unit 140 for rendering a view of a volumetric image dataset, based on the edited transfer function.
  • a rendering unit 140 for rendering a view of a volumetric image dataset, based on the edited transfer function.
  • an image may be rendered based on the edited transfer function.
  • the image may be rendered e.g. on an event such as a mouse button release, indicating that the plurality of control points have been edited.
  • the rendered image may be periodically updated based on the edited transfer function.
  • the system 100 further comprises a histogram unit 150 for computing a histogram for displaying in the interaction window W, based on the volumetric image dataset.
  • the histogram HS may be displayed in the interaction widow, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4.
  • the units of the system 100 may be implemented using a processor. Normally, their functions are performed under control of a computer program product. During the execution process, the computer program product is normally loaded into a memory, like a RAM, and executed from there. The program may be loaded from a background memory, like a ROM, hard disk, or magnetic and/or optical storage, or may be loaded via a network like the Internet. Optionally, an application-specific integrated circuit may provide the described functionality.
  • Fig. 5 shows a flowchart of an exemplary implementation of the method 500 of editing a transfer function for direct volume rendering, wherein the transfer function is based on multiple control points.
  • the method 500 begins with an interaction window step 510 for obtaining a window input and for creating an interaction window for displaying the multiple control points, based on the window input.
  • the method 500 continues to a control point step 512 for obtaining multiple control point inputs and for defining the multiple control points, based on the multiple control point inputs.
  • the method 500 continues to a transfer function step 515 for computing the transfer function, based on the multiple control points.
  • the method 500 continues to a selection step 520 for obtaining a selection input and for selecting a plurality of control points from the multiple control points, based on the selection input.
  • the method 500 continues to an editing step 530 for obtaining an edit input and for editing the plurality of control points, based on the edit input, thereby editing the transfer function computed based on the multiple control points.
  • the method 500 may terminate. The skilled person will understand that more useful steps may be advantageously implemented and executed by the method 500.
  • Fig. 6 schematically shows an exemplary embodiment of the image acquisition apparatus 600 employing the system 100, said image acquisition apparatus 600 comprising an image acquisition unit 610 connected via an internal connection with the system 100, an input connector 601, and an output connector 602.
  • This arrangement advantageously increases the capabilities of the image acquisition apparatus 600, providing said image acquisition apparatus 600 with advantageous capabilities of the system 100 for editing a transfer function for direct volume rendering.
  • Examples of image acquisition apparatus comprise, but are not limited to, a CT system, an X-ray system, an MRI system, an US system, a PET system, a SPECT system, and a NM system.
  • Fig. 7 schematically shows an exemplary embodiment of the workstation 700.
  • the workstation comprises a system bus 701.
  • a processor 710, a memory 720, a disk input/output (I/O) adapter 730, and a user interface (UI) 740 are operatively connected to the system bus 701.
  • a disk storage device 731 is operatively coupled to the disk I/O adapter 730.
  • a keyboard 741, a mouse 742, and a display 743 are operatively coupled to the UI 740.
  • the system 100 of the invention, implemented as a computer program, is stored in the disk storage device 731.
  • the workstation 700 is arranged to load the program and input data into memory 720 and execute the program on the processor 710.
  • the user can input information to the workstation 700, using the keyboard 741 and/or the mouse 742.
  • the workstation is arranged to output information to the display device 743 and/or to the disk 731.
  • the skilled person will understand that there are numerous other embodiments of the workstation 700 known in the art and that the present embodiment serves the purpose of illustrating the invention and must not be interpreted as limiting the invention to this particular embodiment.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système (100) servant à éditer une fonction de transfert pour le rendu de volume direct, cette fonction de transfert étant basée sur des points de contrôle multiples. Le système selon l'invention comprend une unité pour fenêtre d'interaction (110) servant à créer une fenêtre d'interaction pour l'affichage des multiples points de contrôle, une unité pour points de contrôle (112) servant à définir les points de contrôle multiples, une unité pour fonction de transfert (115) servant à calculer la fonction de transfert sur la base des multiples points de contrôle, une unité de sélection (120) servant à sélectionner une pluralité de points de contrôle parmi les multiples points de contrôle, ainsi qu'une unité d'édition (130) servant à éditer la pluralité de points de contrôle, modifiant ainsi la fonction de transfert calculée sur la base des multiples points de contrôle. Un utilisateur peut, par exemple, tracer un objet dans la fenêtre d'interaction, la pluralité de points de contrôle pouvant être définis en fonction de cet objet. L'utilisateur peut alors transformer, c'est-à-dire déplacer ou déformer l'objet. La pluralité sélectionnée de points de contrôle peut être déplacée en tant que groupe et/ou les points peuvent être déplacés les uns par rapport aux autres selon la transformation de l'objet. L'objet dessiné par l'utilisateur dans la fenêtre d'interaction peut, par exemple, être une boîte de déplacement. Les points de contrôle à l'intérieur de la boîte de déplacement peuvent correspondre à la pluralité de points de contrôle. L'utilisateur peut déplacer chaque point de la pluralité de points de contrôle en déplaçant la boîte de déplacement ou en modifiant la largeur et/ou la hauteur de cette dernière. Le système selon l'invention simplifie ainsi l'édition de la fonction de transfert. De manière avantageuse, l'édition de la fonction de transfert à l'aide de ce système nécessite relativement moins d'interventions de la part de l'utilisateur.
PCT/IB2007/054741 2006-11-29 2007-11-22 Manipulation améliorée d'une fonction de transfert pour le rendu de volume WO2008065586A2 (fr)

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CN107016228B (zh) * 2016-11-25 2023-08-18 斯图尔特平李 一种基于hmds的医学成像系统

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