WO2008061586A1 - Cellules photovoltaïques et procédés de production correspondants - Google Patents

Cellules photovoltaïques et procédés de production correspondants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008061586A1
WO2008061586A1 PCT/EP2007/008401 EP2007008401W WO2008061586A1 WO 2008061586 A1 WO2008061586 A1 WO 2008061586A1 EP 2007008401 W EP2007008401 W EP 2007008401W WO 2008061586 A1 WO2008061586 A1 WO 2008061586A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic
active material
reflective surface
photovoltaic device
surface portions
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/008401
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English (en)
Inventor
Kristofer Tvingstedt
Olle Inganäs
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Epipolysteme Ab
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Application filed by Epipolysteme Ab filed Critical Epipolysteme Ab
Publication of WO2008061586A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008061586A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/80—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors having discontinuous faces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
    • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/056—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means the light-reflecting means being of the back surface reflector [BSR] type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/80—Constructional details
    • H10K30/87—Light-trapping means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S2023/88—Multi reflective traps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/77—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with flat reflective plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
    • H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
    • H10K71/13—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating using printing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing or screen printing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
    • H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
    • H10K85/1135—Polyethylene dioxythiophene [PEDOT]; Derivatives thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
    • H10K85/115—Polyfluorene; Derivatives thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/151—Copolymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/20—Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
    • H10K85/211—Fullerenes, e.g. C60
    • H10K85/215—Fullerenes, e.g. C60 comprising substituents, e.g. PCBM
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to thin-film solar cells and methods of enhancing the optical absorption in such devices, and to improve the energy conversion efficiency. More specifically, the present disclosure is related to photovoltaic devices, with a structured design such that the optical absorption and hence the efficiency in thin film photovoltaic devices with otherwise limited absorption is enhanced by absorbing light in a multitude of different absorbers via a set of tilted mirrors.
  • a single planar photovoltaic cell 10 generally comprises a charge carrier generating active layer 3 sandwiched between two charge collecting electrodes 2a, 2b situated on a substrate 1 , as is illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • a general drawback with photovoltaic cells is the cost of the material forming the cell. Hence, efforts are being made to reduce the amount of material of the cells.
  • Organic and printed photovoltaic cells are also known, e.g. from US 2005/0164425A1.
  • processing via printing of active materials from solvents leads to the possibility of coating large areas with very thin layers of active material.
  • the smaii amount of active materials used in the thin film devices allows a very large area, with a different focus on materials and device economics.
  • DE 41 41 083 A1 discloses a solar cell on a metallically shining saw tooth substrate, wherein adjacent flanks are coated with solar cells for different wavelength coverages.
  • the device of DE 41 41 083 A1 is to be manufactured by evaporation of materials onto a sawtooth-shaped substrate, or by mechanical assembly. Hence, the substrate upon which the solar cell is produced is not planar, and so the device of DE 41 41 083 A1 is difficult to produce, rendering it expensive, and thus unsuitable for large scale production.
  • the invention is based on the understanding that it is possible to produce organic photovoltaic cells by printing on a planar substrate, and then folding or creasing the substrate in a controlled manner to provide reflective surfaces presenting an angle relative to each other.
  • a photovoltaic device comprising a light trapping and light diluting structure, having a first reflective surface portion, at least partially provided with a first active material portion, and a second reflective surface portion, at least partially provided with a second active material portion, wherein at least one of the first and second active material portions is a printed photovoltaic active material.
  • the reflective surface portions make an angle of less than or equal to 90 degrees relative to each other, such that light reflected from one of the reflective surface portions is directed to the other one of the reflective surface portions.
  • This concept is easily generalized to e.g. more than two active materials. More efficient use of solar energy for photovoltaic conversion entails the use of multiple bandgap devices. By directing higher energy photons to devices comprising absorbers with larger band gap that hence generates larger voltage, a better overall efficiency may be obtained. An improvement of the thermodynamic limits for energy conversion is obtained with a second (optimal) bandgap material. With more bandgaps available, this limit is further increased. Organic polymers and molecules allow very simple modification of bandgaps of the active materials, and therefore are well suited for the construction of multiple bandgap devices.
  • Active materials that may, as non-limiting examples, be printed, may be e.g. organic materials, but also inorganic ones, such as e.g. CIGS, Si or modified Si particles, or nanoparticles.
  • the term "printing" is understood as transfer of a liquid phase onto the substrate.
  • the liquid phase may, but does not need to, have gel-like or viscous properties.
  • the printing may be followed by evaporation and/or solidification.
  • the reflective surfaces may be planar, or curved.
  • At least one of first and second active material portions may be formed as a layer on the first or second reflective surface portion, respectively.
  • active material layers are formed on both reflective surface portions.
  • the first and second reflective surface portions may be arranged adjacent to each other, thus maximizing surface usage.
  • Both first and second reflective surface portions may be covered with the first and second active material portion, respectively, thus maximising the surface usage.
  • the reflective surfaces may be provided with the same, or different, active materials, having different thicknesses. Thus, a balance between electrical collection of photogenerated charge carriers and sufficient light absorption may be provided.
  • the first and second reflective surfaces may be provided with active materials having different bandgaps.
  • At least one of the reflective surface portions may be provided with at least two active material portions having different bandgaps and/or different thickness.
  • At least two active material portions on at least one of the reflective surface portions may be arranged substantially in the same plane.
  • At least two active material portions on at least one of the reflective surface portions may be arranged in stacked tandem.
  • the first and second active material portions may form part of a respective photovoltaic element.
  • At least one of the photovoltaic elements may comprise a transparent electrode and a reflective electrode.
  • At least one of the photovoltaic elements may comprise a transparent top electrode and a reflective bottom electrode and be arranged to be illuminated through the top electrode.
  • At least one of the photovoltaic elements may comprise a transparent bottom electrode and a reflective metal top electrode and be arranged to be illuminated through the transparent bottom electrode.
  • the reflective surfaces may be provided with at least two photovoltaic elements, which are connected in an electrical series or parallel connection.
  • a photovoltaic module comprising at least two photovoltaic devices as set forth above.
  • the angle a may be variable.
  • the reflective surfaces may be continuous with a plurality of identical photovoltaic devices .
  • the reflective surfaces may be provided with at least two photovoltaic cells, which are connected in an electrical series or parallel connection.
  • a method for producing a photovoltaic device comprises providing a planar substrate, forming at least two reflective surface portions on the substrate, and printing at least two active material portions, on the substrate. The forming and printing are performed such that one of the reflective surface portions and one of the active material portions at least partially overlap. Subsequently the substrate is shaped such that the reflective surface portions make an angle of less than or equal to 90 degrees relative to each other, such that light reflected from one of the reflective surface portions is directed to the other one of the reflective surface portions .
  • the order in which the reflective surface portions and the active material portions are formed is arbitrary.
  • the substrate may be shaped by folding, buckling and/or lateral compression of the substrate.
  • the photovoltaic element may be formed with a cathode, an anode and a photovoltaic active material in a respective pattern.
  • a method for producing a photovoltaic device wherein at least one such photovoltaic device is formed with a cathode, an anode and an organic active material in a pattern on a thin flexible carrier substrate, the active material is printed from a solvent on top of the anode or cathode, and the cathode or anode, respectively, is subsequently deposited on the photovoltaic material.
  • Fig. 1. is a schematic cross sectional view of a prior art single planar photovoltaic cell.
  • Fig. 2. is a schematic cross sectional view of a pair of photovoltaic cells placed next to each other in the shape of a V.
  • Figs 3a-3c schematically illustrates, in cross section, how a pair of different photovoltaic cells may be arranged.
  • Fig. 4 schematically illustrates, in cross section, a method for producing a photovoltaic device according to the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates absorption results for a planar photovoltaic cell, and for photovoltaic cells folded 45 and 60 degrees, respectively.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates absorption results for planar photovoltaic cells and for a photovoltaic reflective tandem cell folded 45 and 60 degrees, respectively.
  • Fig. 2. is a schematic cross sectional view of a pair of photovoltaic cells 10a, 10b placed next to each other in the shape of a V, with the angle a in between the two photovoltaic cells.
  • This geometry generates a reflective tandem cell, where light is first reflected on one cell, then hitting the other.
  • the length L may be anything from micrometer to meter; this is entirely a matter of production and assembly methods. If the photovoltaic cells 10a, 10b are built from the same organic photovoltaic element, we have a simple light trapping element combined with a single bandgap device. In this case the two different sides may be put in electrical series or in parallel connection, as they should have substantially identical current-voltage characteristics, from symmetry considerations.
  • FIGs 3a and 3b there is illustrated different arrangements of photovoltaic cells 10a-1 , 10a-2, 10a-3, 10b-1 , 10b-2, 10b-3 having different characteristics: two active materials (symbolized by different shading) are combined in a V geometry.
  • the cell 10a-1 is identical with the cells 10b-2 and 10a-3
  • the cell 10a-2 is identical with the cells 10b-1 and 10b-3. It is recognized that any combination of materials may be provided within a reflective surface portion and/or between a pair of adjacent reflective surfaces forming an angle of less than or equal to 90 degrees relative to each other.
  • Electrodes and substrate are not indicated in Figs 3a- 3c. Instead, reference is made to Fig. 2, where different active materials are indicated by 3a and 3b, and reflective surfaces are indicated by 4a, 4b.
  • both cell types 10a-1 , 10a-2, 10b-1 , 10b- 2 may be found on both wings, whereas in the embodiment of Fig. 3b, one cell type 10a-1 , 10a-3 is found only on one of the wings, whereas the other cell type 10b-1 , 10b-2 is found only on the other one of the wings of the V.
  • This concept is easily generalized to more than two active materials.
  • stacked tandem absorbers are not prevented, but rather complemented, by the invention. It is hence further possible to have two or more materials stacked on top of each other on at least one of the reflective surface portions in the V- geometry.
  • Fig 3c illustrates such a transmitting, or stacked, tandem arrangement of solar cells placed in the reflecting V- geometry, with a respective transmissive recombination layer 10a-1', 10b-1'.
  • at least one side of the V has a transmissive recombination layer.
  • at least one side, but possibly both, of the V comprise at least two absorbing materials.
  • the V geometry may be combined with a conventional tandem solar cell, for even further enhanced photon management.
  • Fig. 1 Common among the different solar cells is their construction (Fig. 1) as a series of thin layers with anode/active layer/cathode, where anode, cathode or both must be transparent for light to excite the active material in between anode and cathode. There may be added layers for electrical control and exciton control in such structures.
  • Devices may be manufactured in a set of different sequences. Two active layer absorbers with different bandgaps may be put on top of each other with a transparent thin recombination layer between, all to be sandwiched between a top and bottom electrode.
  • the top and bottom electrode may further comprise both transparent and reflective materials.
  • devices are built in what is named an inverted fashion, where a metal layer is first deposited on a surface to act as the cathode, where an active layer is later deposited by f.i. printing methods, and where the upper anode is a transparent polymer layer deposited by different coating methods.
  • This can be done by methods of printing, depositing different active materials on a surface to build independent solar cells with a small separation in between individual planar devices.
  • These devices are considered to be printed on a flexible layer, which will enable the construction of a multitude of V shaped solar cell next to each other. Referring to Fig. 4, by similar means as an accordion, such multiple device pattern may form the multitude V-geometry via a lateral D1 compression to incur an expansion in the vertical direction D2.
  • Another implementation may be to use pre-shaped elements, which are free to undergo rotation to form the V structures. Variation of the entrance angle a may be used to vary the light dilution factor; with smaller angles, the light dilution is increasing. As illustrated in Fig. 4, the substrate may be laterally expanded or compressed, whereby the angle a may be altered.
  • the description will now be directed to an example of photovoltaic cells.
  • polymer solar cells based on alternating copolymers of fluorene (APFOs) combined with acceptors such as the fullerene PCBM were used.
  • the polymer blends were spin coated into films of thickness 50-60 nm and sandwiched between a transparent electrode (ITO/PEDOT:PSS) and LiF/AI.
  • This polymer class can generate high photovoltage, typically 1 V and power conversion efficiency at AM1.5 of 3.5% from the high bandgap material APFO3 with absorption out to 650 nm.
  • Two different folded photovoltaic cells were manufactured: one using an ITO coated glass substrate (550 ⁇ m thick from Naranjo Substrates) and another one on ITO covered plastic sheets (80 ⁇ m from CPFilms).
  • the ITO Prior to deposition of the photoactive blends, the ITO was covered with a 40 nm thick film of PEDOTPSS.
  • the polymer/PCBM blend was prepared in ratios of 1 :4 and diluted to 12.5 mg/ml in chloroform.
  • the blends were deposited via spincoating at 2000 rpm to provide the thin films required for obtaining better charge carrier collection.
  • the samples with ⁇ 0.7 cm 2 active areas were subsequently finalized by thermal evaporation of ⁇ 1 nm LiF and ⁇ 70 nm of Al.
  • the glass substrate end was provided with a V-groove with an angle to fit the folding conditions.
  • the plastic cells were manufactured by folding along a small generated indentation in the plastic substrate.
  • the two APFO3/PCBM cells in a folded geometry (45 and 60 degrees, respectively) and a planar cell (dotted curve) show optical reflectance indicating an almost complete absorption of light within the spectral range of the material. There was further noted a more pronounced increase of absorption in the spectral region where the individual planar cells have lower absorption.
  • Fig. 6 there is illustrated measured absorptance from a reflective tandem cell with APFO3/PCBM on one side and APFO- Green9/PCBM on the other side (without PEDOT), as compared to planar cells having the respective active material type.
  • folded structures can be used with cells of different bandgap on each of the two sides of a V, or with several cells of different bandgap located on one of the two sides, forming a reflective tandem or multi junction cell.
  • optical reflectance from the combined cells in a folded configuration demonstrates broadening of optical absorption (Fig. 6), and the overall absorptance is strongly influenced by the fold angle.
  • a photovoltaic device comprising a light trapping and light diluting structure, in which a layer of active material is found at a reflective surface, with another adjacent reflecting surface being covered with another active material, and where the two surfaces make an angle less than or equal to 90 degrees, so the light reflected from one photovoltaic cell thus formed is directed to the next photovoltaic cell.
  • the two reflective surfaces may be covered with the same type of thin film solar cell in different thickness. At least one of the two reflective surfaces may be covered with a thin film solar cell.
  • the two reflective surfaces may be covered with solar cells with different bandgaps. At least one of the reflective surfaces may be covered with several thin film solar cells with different bandgaps.
  • the two adjacent reflective surfaces may be contiguous with identical elements in an indefinite number.
  • the two reflective surfaces covered with thin film solar cell may be connected in an electrical series or parallel connection or any combination thereof.
  • the two solar cells may utilize a transparent top electrodes and reflective metal bottom electrodes and are illuminated through the top electrode.
  • the two solar cells may utilize a transparent bottom electrode and a reflective metal top electrode and are illuminated through the transparent substrate.
  • Different photovoltaic devices may be created with cathode, anode and photovoltaic active material in patterns on a thin flexible carrier, and the active material may be printed from solvents on top of anode or cathode, with subsequent deposition of cathode or anode.
  • the structures may be produced such that different photovoltaic devices are created with cathode, anode and photovoltaic active material in patterns on a planar surface, which is buckled under lateral compression to give a V shaped geometry, with one or more devices on each wing of the V.
  • the combined organic solar cell can also be used as a reflective element, forming one or two sides of a profile in the shape of a V, combining two sides of length L.
  • the above-mentioned maximum angle a of 90 degrees is deemed to be the preferred maximum angle, however, the invention may be applied with angles of e.g. less than or equal to 100 degrees, less than or equal to 110 degrees, less than or equal to 120 degrees or less than or equal to 130 degrees.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif photovoltaïque qui se compose d'une structure de capture et de dilution de lumière ; elle comprend une première portion de surface réfléchissante (4a), au moins partiellement munie d'une première portion de matériau actif (3a) et une seconde portion de surface réfléchissante (4b), au moins partiellement munie d'une seconde portion de matériau actif (3b). Au moins la première ou la seconde portion de matériau actif (3a, 3b) est un matériau actif photovoltaïque imprimé. Les portions de surface réfléchissantes (4a, 4b) forment un angle (a) inférieur ou égal à 90 degrés l'un par rapport à l'autre, de sorte que la lumière réfléchie à partir d'une des portions de surface réfléchissante (4a, 4b) est dirigée vers l'autre portion à surface réfléchissante (4b, 4a). Des procédés de production de telles structures sont également fournis.
PCT/EP2007/008401 2006-11-23 2007-09-27 Cellules photovoltaïques et procédés de production correspondants WO2008061586A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012001067A1 (fr) * 2010-07-01 2012-01-05 Steger Solarstrom Module solaire
JP2012094844A (ja) * 2010-09-28 2012-05-17 Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd 太陽電池モジュール

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