WO2008055765A1 - Pain de savon structuré à l'aide d'acides gras trans - Google Patents

Pain de savon structuré à l'aide d'acides gras trans Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008055765A1
WO2008055765A1 PCT/EP2007/061196 EP2007061196W WO2008055765A1 WO 2008055765 A1 WO2008055765 A1 WO 2008055765A1 EP 2007061196 W EP2007061196 W EP 2007061196W WO 2008055765 A1 WO2008055765 A1 WO 2008055765A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
soap bar
soap
acid
matter
fatty
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/061196
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jagdish Gupta
Original Assignee
Unilever N.V.
Unilever Plc
Hindustan Unilever Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unilever N.V., Unilever Plc, Hindustan Unilever Limited filed Critical Unilever N.V.
Publication of WO2008055765A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008055765A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
    • C11D9/005—Synthetic soaps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a soap bar and particularly to a soap bar which has high cleaning efficiency and desirable hardness.
  • Soaps predominantly contain salts of fatty acid and have conventionally been used for cleaning purposes. Soaps have been sold in many forms e.g. as liquids, pastes, flakes and bars. Among all the forms, the bar form is preferred by many consumers since soap bars have a predetermined shape which is generally retained till such time that the soap bar is substantially used up by the consumer.
  • Soap bars are widely used for personal cleaning application and these types of soaps are called toilet soaps. They are also used for cleaning fabrics and these types of soaps are called Laundry soaps. Soaps have been traditionally prepared by saponification of oils of either plant, animal, mineral or synthetic origin or by neutralization of a fatty acid mixture, usually with an alkali.
  • TFM total fatty matter
  • a soap bar with such a high amount of total fatty matter provides good cleaning and such bars possess high level of structural integrity during storage and use, but it tends to be expensive due to the high cost of the raw materials viz. fatty acids or the oils. It has been determined in the past that acceptable level of cleaning can also be achieved by soap bars with relatively lower TFM.
  • soaps As the carbon chain length of the soaps increases to greater then 16, the solubility in water decreases and concomitantly the cleaning efficacy decreases.
  • saturated fatty acids having carbon chain length of 16 or 18 e.g. soaps made from palmitic acid or stearic acid, provide very good structuring to the soap bar.
  • soap bars have been made with a judicious mix of salts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of varying carbon chain length.
  • soaps described above provide for better cleaning efficacy and improved structuring of soaps while keeping the costs low
  • consumers always welcome products that provide more cleaning as compared to products available in the past so long as they get products that have the same integrity and hardness and also have similar, if not better properties like low mush, low rate of wear and smoothness and mildness during use.
  • manufacturers are always researching to develop how they can provide this to the consumer at lower cost.
  • the present inventors have worked to solve this problem and tried to incorporate soaps of higher carbon chain length and high levels of unsaturated fatty acid soaps which properties are known to provide good cleaning.
  • the present inventors found that incorporation of high levels of unsaturated fatty acid soaps especially those soaps having an iodine value greater than 70, have relatively poor bar integrity. Incorporating high levels of unsaturated fatty acid soaps also have other problems e.g. instability in colour, poor odour etc.
  • the present inventors have surprisingly found that incorporation of certain selective ranges of a specific isomeric form of unsaturated fatty acids viz. trans fatty acids provides desirable cleaning as well as the desired bar integrity and hardness.
  • GB1033421 (Unilever, 1966) describes a soap bar which comprises isomerising a fat rich in unsaturated acid radicals to form 7 to 30% trans-acid radicals based on total fat charge therein, followed by saponification to produce the soap.
  • soaps having high amount of saturated (greater than 50 %) fatty acids like coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, and soyabean oil and either incorporating therein or forming insitu elaidic acid. Structuring in these soaps comes predominantly from the relatively high levels of saturated fatty acid soaps present therein i.e. the iodine value of the soaps prepared is typically much lower than 70.
  • the present invention relates to a soap bar having an iodine value higher than 70 grams/100 grams and containing less than 30% saturated fatty matter by weight of total fatty matter in the soap bar, wherein more than 70% by weight of the total unsaturated fatty matter is trans fatty matter.
  • the invention relates to a soap bar having high levels of unsaturated fatty matter i.e. soap having an iodine value greater then 70 grams/lOOgrams .
  • the invention works very well even for soaps having iodine value greater than 90 grams/100 grams which otherwise tend to be very soft.
  • the soap bar of the invention could be used for personal washing applications like bathing, face wash, body wash, shaving bar etc, and for washing laundry, upholstery, carpets, and hard surfaces.
  • the invention provides for a soap bar that gives superior cleaning while retaining the properties desired by the user.
  • total fatty matter usually abbreviated to TFM is used to denote the percentage by weight of fatty acid and triglyceride residue present in soaps without taking into account the accompanying cations, as soaps are salts of fatty acids .
  • an accompanying sodium cation will generally amount to about 8% by weight.
  • Other cations may be employed as desired for example zinc, potassium, magnesium, alkyl ammonium and aluminium, without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • soap denotes salts of carboxylic fatty acids.
  • the soap may be derived from any of the triglycerides/oils conventionally used in soap manufacture: consequently the carboxylate anions in the soap may contain from 8 to 22 carbon atoms. It is however preferred that the soap contains 12 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably ". ⁇ to - carbon atoms.
  • the soap may be obtained by saponifying a fat/oil or neutralising a fatty acid.
  • a soap prepared from any of the known and available oil/ fatty acid sources having unsaturated fatty acids may be used, but the invention is specifically targeted to soaps having an iodine value greater than 70, more preferably greater than 90 i.e. the total fatty matter is high in unsaturated fatty acids.
  • Known unsaturated fatty acids which may be used in the present invention include oleic, linoleic, ricinoleic or linolenic acid.
  • Suitable sources of oils which provide the fatty matter in the desired iodine value range are tallow, tallow stearines, soya bean oil, fish oil, castor oil, ground nut oil, rice bran oil, or palm olein and others.
  • the starting material for making the soap of the invention is distilled fatty acid (DFA) made from saponifying oils from various sources rich in unsaturated fatty acids.
  • DFA distilled fatty acid
  • Tallow fatty acids are derived from various animal sources. Fatty acid composition of tallow is about 1-8% myristic acid, about 21-32% palmitic acid, about 14-31% stearic acid, about 0- 4% palmitoleic acid, about 36-50% oleic acid and about 0-5% linoleic acid. A typical distribution is 2.5% myristic acid, 29% palmitic acid, 23% stearic acid, 2% palmitoleic acid, 41.5% oleic acid, and 3% linoleic acid.
  • Ricebran oil gives a mixture of fatty acids with IV ⁇ 90. It comprises of 45% oleic, 35% linoleic and 15% palmitic acids and yields a soft soap on saponification. Castor oil also has IV-90 having ⁇ 90% Ricinoleic acid and gives soft and sticky soap.
  • the main sources of unsaturated fatty acids are vegetable oils and animal fats. There are no abundant natural sources of Trans isomers of unsaturated fatty acids. They are found in small amounts in animal fats (2-6%) , hydrogenated vegetable oils (1-30%), processed food(upto 1%) etc. Trans fatty acids are more resistant to oxidation than the corresponding cis acids and are less prone to rancidification which is responsible for bad odour and colour darkening of the fatty acids.
  • the soap bar is preferably prepared from fatty matter having 8 to 22, more preferably 12 to 18 carbon atoms in the carbon chain.
  • the soap bars according to the invention preferably have 30 to 60%, more preferably 35 to 50% by weight total fatty matter (TFM) .
  • TBM total fatty matter
  • the soap bar has less than 30%, more preferably less than 10% saturated fatty matter by weight of total fatty matter.
  • the soap bar preferably has a density of less than 1.1 g/cm , more preferably less 1.05 g/cm .
  • Oleic acid (C18 fatty acid) is the most abundantly found unsaturated fatty acid found in nature. Oleic acid has cis sterio isomeric structure. The transisomer of oleic acid is known as elaidic acid. Thus transisomer of oleic acid soap i.e. elaidic acid soap is the most preferred transisomer that is used to make the soap bars according to the invention.
  • Other suitable transisomeric fatty acids are ricinelaidic (C18:l, hydroxyl group at 12 th position) and linelaidic (C18:2).
  • the soap bars of the invention can have high amounts of water, preferably from 20 to 50 weight%, more preferably from 35 to 45 weight % .
  • soap bars of the invention are preferably prepared by the melat cast process, other known processes like milling and plodding may also be used.
  • the detergent bar of the invention may optionally comprise synthetic surface active agents or surfactants which may be chosen from anionic, cationic, amphoteric, non-ionic or zwitterionic types. When present they are generally in amount not higher than 10 weight percent.
  • the bar of the invention may include water insoluble inorganic particulates e.g. talc, clays, china clay or calcium carbonate. When present, they are added as fillers and are generally not required to be present in an amount greater than 1% to achieve structuring benefits.
  • water insoluble inorganic particulates e.g. talc, clays, china clay or calcium carbonate. When present, they are added as fillers and are generally not required to be present in an amount greater than 1% to achieve structuring benefits.
  • Suitable structuring compounds are inorganic alumino silicate, preferably generated in situ using a source of monomeric aluminium to condense with silicate anion.
  • inorganic particulate structurant calcium silicate may also be used, preferably generated in situ from precursor material selected from a soluble calcium compound e.g. calcium hydroxide reacting with sodium silicate.
  • Such optional structurants can generally be present in an amount in the range of 0.5 to 10%, more preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight of the composition.
  • Benefit agents e.g. moisturisers, emollients, sunscreens, or anti ageing compounds may be incorporated in the composition of the invention when used for personal washing application.
  • moisturisers and emollients include humectants like polyols, glycerol, cetyl alcohol, carbopol, ethoxylated castor oil, paraffin oils, lanolin and its derivatives.
  • Silicone compounds such as silicone surfactants like DC3225C (Dow Corning) and/or silicone emollients, silicone oil (DC-200 Ex-Dow Corning) may also be included.
  • Sun-screens such as 4-tertiary butyl-4 ' -methoxy dibenzoylmethane (available under the trade name PARSOL 1789 from Givaudan) and/or 2-ethyl hexyl methoxy cinnamate (available under the trade name PARSOL MCX from Givaudan) or other UV-A and UV-B sun-screens may also be incorporated.
  • Water soluble glycols such as propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, may be employed at levels upto 10%.
  • additives such as one or more water insoluble particulate materials e.g. inorganic structurants like talc, polysaccharides such as starch or modified starches and cellulose may be incorporated.
  • inorganic structurants like talc, polysaccharides such as starch or modified starches and cellulose
  • the water insoluble structurants are generally present in amounts less than 1% by weight of the soap bar.
  • Minor additives include colour, preservatives and perfumes, may optionally be incorporated.
  • the soap bar may optionally comprise one or more builders.
  • the builders are preferably selected from one or more of sodium carbonate, Zeolite, sodium silicate or sodium tripolyphosphate .
  • other optional ingredients in the powder form e.g. fillers like sodium chloride or sodium sulphate are incorporated.
  • Other optional ingredients that may be used to provide improved user properties include anti-redeposition agents, fluorescers, whitening agents, or enzymes.
  • the process employed for preparing soap bar of the invention preferably comprises the steps of (i) neutralizing a fatty acid mixture having trans acids of desired IV to form soaps, (ii) melting the soap mix in desired amount of water and (iii) casting the resulting mixture into a bar of desired shape.
  • the trans isomer of the fatty acid is preferably prepared using an isomerisation process comprising the step of reacting unsaturated cis isomer fatty acid mixture with nitrous acid which is generated insitu.
  • the nitrous acid could be generated in situ by any known method but the preferred method is by reacting a nitrite salt with a strong acid.
  • the nitrite salt is preferably a water soluble alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt. Of these sodium nitrite is preferred.
  • the strong acid could be hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid or nitric acid, nitric acid being preferred.
  • the isomerisation reaction is generally carried out by stirring the reaction mixture at temperatures in the range of 45 to 65 0 C.
  • the reaction time is preferably from 1 to 3 hours.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out in an inert atmosphere, preferably in the presence of nitrogen gas.
  • Soap bars with compositions as listed in Table-1 were prepared by the following method:
  • Soap Preparation Fatty acids were melted in a three neck round bottom flask provided with overhead stirrer and kept in a hot water bath. The molten fatty acids were neutralized at 85 0 C using 50% NaOH with continuous stirring. Electrolytes were added along with the desired quantity of water. The end of neutralization was tested with phenolphthalein indicator. The hot melt was then cast into soap bars in molds.
  • Iodine value is a measure of the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids in an oil and is a measure of the number of grams of iodine which will combine with 100 grams of the oil. This method involves reacting samples of oil or fatty acid with iodine. The iodine value can also be calculated from the fatty acid composition.
  • FTIR Quantification The trans content in the product of isomerization reaction was determined using Perkin Elmer Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectrometer. Different concentrations of the products were prepared in Carbon Tetrachloride and scanned between 900cm "1 to 3500cm "1 . The characteristic peak of trans double bonds at 970cm "1 was detected in product and spectra was found to be matching with standard Elaidic acid (Sigma Aldrich, 99% pure) . The calibration and quantification was done with peak area and peak height at different concentrations.
  • % unsaturates is the weight percent of unsaturated fatty matter by weight of total fatty matter.
  • trans soap is the weight percent of trans fatty acid soaps by weight of unsaturated fatty acid soaps
  • the soap bars of Example 3 to 5 were evaluated for penetration and yield stress and compared with the values of Comparative Example - C.
  • the hardness was comparable in that the penetration value of all the samples was about 3 mm and the yield stress value was around 570 KPa, which are acceptable to the consumer.
  • the other user properties namely foamability, detergency and rate of wear were also comparable.
  • the invention thus provides for soap bars (Examples 3 to 5) that are prepared with relatively lower amount of fatty matter but these bars are comparable to a commercially available soap in terms of all user desired properties.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention propose un pain de savon ayant un indice d'iode supérieur à 70 grammes/100 grammes, dans lequel plus de 70 % en poids de la matière grasse insaturée totale est une matière grasse trans. De préférence, le pain de savon comprend 30 à 60 % en poids de matière grasse totale (TFM) et, de façon souhaitable, ladite TFM contient 70-90 % en poids de matière grasse insaturée. Ledit pain de savon a démontré une bonne efficacité de nettoyage et une dureté acceptable.
PCT/EP2007/061196 2006-11-10 2007-10-19 Pain de savon structuré à l'aide d'acides gras trans WO2008055765A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN1859MU2006 2006-11-10
IN1859/MUM/2006 2006-11-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008055765A1 true WO2008055765A1 (fr) 2008-05-15

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/061196 WO2008055765A1 (fr) 2006-11-10 2007-10-19 Pain de savon structuré à l'aide d'acides gras trans

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CN (1) CN101541940A (fr)
WO (1) WO2008055765A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10758750B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2020-09-01 Conopco, Inc. Cleansing composition with improved availability of benefit agent
WO2022258605A1 (fr) 2021-06-10 2022-12-15 Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. Barres de savon en gel de silice à teneur élevée en agent d'humidité et leur procédé de préparation

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102876483A (zh) * 2012-10-11 2013-01-16 广州立白企业集团有限公司 一种低泡易漂型洗衣液组合物及其制备方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3274119A (en) * 1963-03-01 1966-09-20 Lever Brothers Ltd Transparent soap bar
JPH03244699A (ja) * 1990-02-22 1991-10-31 Lion Corp 石けん組成物
US5219487A (en) * 1989-01-04 1993-06-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Aerated bar soap composition containing free fatty acid

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3274119A (en) * 1963-03-01 1966-09-20 Lever Brothers Ltd Transparent soap bar
US5219487A (en) * 1989-01-04 1993-06-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Aerated bar soap composition containing free fatty acid
JPH03244699A (ja) * 1990-02-22 1991-10-31 Lion Corp 石けん組成物

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10758750B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2020-09-01 Conopco, Inc. Cleansing composition with improved availability of benefit agent
WO2022258605A1 (fr) 2021-06-10 2022-12-15 Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. Barres de savon en gel de silice à teneur élevée en agent d'humidité et leur procédé de préparation

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Publication number Publication date
CN101541940A (zh) 2009-09-23

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