ZA200204250B - Improved detergent bar composition and manufacturing process. - Google Patents
Improved detergent bar composition and manufacturing process. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ZA200204250B ZA200204250B ZA200204250A ZA200204250A ZA200204250B ZA 200204250 B ZA200204250 B ZA 200204250B ZA 200204250 A ZA200204250 A ZA 200204250A ZA 200204250 A ZA200204250 A ZA 200204250A ZA 200204250 B ZA200204250 B ZA 200204250B
- Authority
- ZA
- South Africa
- Prior art keywords
- aluminium
- bar
- process according
- aluminium hydroxide
- phosphate complex
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- FIQKTHSUXBJBCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;hydrogen phosphate;hydroxide Chemical compound O.[Al+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O FIQKTHSUXBJBCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 colour Substances 0.000 description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000003276 Apios tuberosa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010744 Arachis villosulicarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019774 Rice Bran oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N isethionic acid Chemical compound OCCS(O)(=O)=O SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 2
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008165 rice bran oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIDULKZCBGMXJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dimethylphosphoryldodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCP(C)(C)=O SIDULKZCBGMXJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRUABTDBQQLWLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfinyltetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCS(C)=O KRUABTDBQQLWLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutyric acid Chemical compound CCC(C)C(O)=O WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFQDKRWQSFLPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical class Cl.C1CN=CN1 UFQDKRWQSFLPQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000001008 Macro domains Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108050007982 Macro domains Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- YBGZDTIWKVFICR-JLHYYAGUSA-N Octyl 4-methoxycinnamic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 YBGZDTIWKVFICR-JLHYYAGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000021150 Orbignya martiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014643 Orbignya martiana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XNEFYCZVKIDDMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N avobenzone Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1 XNEFYCZVKIDDMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010480 babassu oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical class [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940096386 coconut alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical class Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKQCYIVAWLVXFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl(methyl)sulfanium propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C(CC)S(=O)(=O)[O-].C(CCCCCCCCCCC)[SH+]C RKQCYIVAWLVXFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IWMMSZLFZZPTJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(dodecylamino)propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCCS([O-])(=O)=O IWMMSZLFZZPTJY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HWCHICTXVOMIIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;3-(dodecylamino)propanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCNCCC([O-])=O HWCHICTXVOMIIF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Description
v v
IMPROVED DETERGENT BAR COMPOSITION AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS
The invention relates to a synergistic composition of soap/detergent bars for personal and/or fabric washing. It also relates to a process for the preparation of such soap/detergent bars for personal and/or fabric washing. The invention particularly relates to a low total fatty matter (TFM) detergent bar comprising high levels of water and other liquid benefit agents, and a process for its manufacture.
Conventional detergent bars based on soap for personal washing usually contain over about 70% by weight total fatty matter (TFM), the remainder being water (about 10-20%) and other ingredients such as colour, perfume, preservatives, etc. Structurants and fillers are also present in such B compositions in small amounts, which replace some of the soap in the bar while retaining the desired hardness of the -. bar. A few known fillers include starch, kaolin and talc.
Hard non-milled soap bars containing moisture of less than 35% are also available. These bars have a TFM of about 30- 65%. The reduction in TFM has usually been achieved by the use of insoluble particulate materials and/or soluble silicates. Milled bars generally have a water content about 8-15%, and the hard non-milled bars have a water content of about 20-35%.
It is important to deliver sensory properties such as lather and skin feel, preferably by incorporating benefit agents in the formulation without altering the processability and physical properties of the bar. It is often found that it is a problem to formulate detergent compositions that would perform well under hard water conditions. Incorporation of builders such as phosphates or others in soap systems create problems such as efflorescence, gritty feel, etc.
IN 176384 discloses a detergent composition with low TFM content having high ratio of water to TEM without affecting hardness, cleaning and lathering properties of the bar by the incorporation of up to 20% colloidal aluminium hydroxide (A-gel). The A-gel/TFM combination enables the preparation of bars with higher water content while using TFM at a lower level. In this patent, although the A-gel concentration disclosed is up to 20% by weight, the demonstration of the : 15 invention is restricted to the use of 7.5% by weight A-gel -L in combination with 40% TFM with an additional structurant such as 5% by weight of alkaline silicate.
IN 177828 discloses a process wherein by providing a balanced combination of aluminium hydroxide and TFM it is possible to prepare a low TFM bar having high water content put with satisfactory hardness. The patent teaches the generation of colloidal alumina hydrate in-situ by a reaction of fatty acid/fat with an aluminium containing alkaline material such as sodium aluminate to form bars which are obtained by plodding. i Our co-pending application 811/Bom/98 (corresponding to GB 9906834.8) discloses that use of A-gel from 9 to 16% by weight of the composition synergistically improves the processability, sensory and physical properties of low TEM bars.
In addition, our co-pending application 810/Bom/98 (corresponding to WO/EP99/09042) discloses a process of preparing a low TFM bar utilising a reaction of fatty acid with an aluminium containing alkaline material such as sodium aluminate solution that specifically has a solid content of 20 to 55%, wherein the alumina (Al203) to sodium oxide (Nay0) is in a ratio of 0.5 to 1.55 by weight that gives superior bar properties. These bars have improved hardness and smoother feel. This reaction can take place in a broader temperature range of 40 to 95°C.
In the process of the invention, it has now been found that . in situ generation of aluminium hydroxide-phosphate complex by a reaction of fatty acid/fat in presence of phosphoric . acid with an aluminium containing alkaline material such as sodium aluminate solution that preferably has a solid content of 20 to 55%, preferably wherein the alumina (Al203) to sodium oxide (Na20) is in a ratio of 0.5 to 1.55 by weight gives superior bar properties. These bars will have significantly lower density and improved physical properties such as bar hardness without interfering with the sensory properties. By this process it 1s possible to formulate bars that are suitable for both soft and hard water situations.
It is an advantage of the invention to be able to formulate detergent compositions suitable for both soft and hard water
. Sg situations where the density, processability and physical properties such as hardness of the bar are improved significantly by incorporation of colloidal aluminium hydroxide phosphate complex ‘(Alphos). :
It is another advantage of the invention to be able to manufacture extruded detergent bars using fatty acids mixtures having an Iodine Value (IV) in the range from 0 to 110. It is particularly significant that using fatty acid mixtures with an IV beyond 70 and the incorporation of
Alphos as a structurant it is possible to produce detergent bars with good physical properties by an extrusion route, without the addition of processing aids such as silicates.
It has also been possible to structure better and higher levels of liquid benefit agents other than water by the . incorporation of colloidal aluminium hydroxide phosphate complex (Alphos).
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a low TFM detergent bar composition comprising from 15 to 70% by weight of total fatty matter; from 0.5 to 40% by weight of colloidal aluminium hydroxide-phosphate complex (e.g. Alphos); from 10 to 55% by weight of water; and optionally other benefit agents; the balance being other and minor additives
According to a preferred aspect of this invention there is provided a low TFM detergent bar composition comprising from 15 to 70% by weight of total fatty matter; from 0.5 to 40% by weight of colloidal aluminium hydroxide-phosphate complex (e.g. Alphos); from 10 to 55% by weight of water; from 5-60% benefit agents; the balance being other and minor additives.
According to a further aspect, there is provided process for preparing a low TEM detergent bar composition comprising: from 15 to 70% by weight of total fatty matter; from 0.5 to 40% by weight of colloidal aluminium hydroxide-phosphate complex (e.g. Alphos); from 10 to 55% by weight of water; and optionally other benefit agents; the balance being other and minor additives as herein described, which process comprises the steps of: a. reacting a mixture of one or more fatty acids/fat such C- as herein described and phosphoric acid with an aluminium containing alkaline material such as sodium aluminate with a solid content of e.g. 20 to 55% wherein the Alo03 to Nap0 is e.g. in a ratio of 0.5 to 1.55 by weight to obtain a mixture of aluminium hydroxide-phosphate complex and soap at a temperature between 25°C to 95°C; b. adding predetermined amount of water to the mixture of aluminium hydroxide-phosphate complex and soap;
Cc. adding if desired, other and minor additives such as herein described to the mixture of step (Db) d. converting the product of step (¢) into bars by conventional method.
. C6 -
In the process of the invention, it is especially preferable to maintain a weight ratio of Al;03 to phosphoric acid in the range 0.40 to 2.40:1. The phosphoric acid used in the reaction is preferably 26-85% pure. The particle size of aluminium hydroxide-phosphate complex may range from 0.1 to 25 um.
The process of the invention is carried out in any mixer conventionally used in soap/detergent manufacture and is preferably a high shear kneading mixer. The preferred mixers include a ploughshare mixer, mixers with kneading members of Sigma type, multi-wiping overlap, single curve or double arm. The double arm kneading mixers can be of . 15 overlapping or the tangential design. Alternatively the invention can be carried out in a helical screw agitator . vessel or multi-head dosing pump/high shear mixer and spray drier combinations as in conventional processing.
The term total fatty matter, usually abbreviated to TFM is used to denote the percentage by weight of fatty acid and triglyceride residues present without taking into account the accompanying cations.
For a soap having 18 carbon atoms, an accompanying sodium cation will generally amount to about 8% by weight. Other cations may be employed as desired, for example zinc, potassium, magnesium, alkyl ammonium and aluminium.
The term soap denotes salts of carboxylic fatty acids. The soap may be derived from any of the triglycerides conventionally used in soap manufacture - consequently the carboxylate anions in the soap may contain from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
The soap may be obtained by saponifying a fat and/or a fatty acid. The fats or oils generally used in soap manufacture may be such as tallow, tallow stearines, palm oil, palm stearines, soya bean oil, fish oil, caster oil, rice bran oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, palm kernel oil, and others. In the above process the fatty acids are derived from oils/fats selected from coconut, rice bran, groundnut, tallow, palm, palm kernel, cotton seed, soybean, castor etc. The fatty acid soaps can also be synthetically prepared (e.g. by the oxidation of petroleum or by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by the Fischer-Tropsch process). Resin acids, such as those present in tall oil, may be used. Naphthenic acids are also suitable.
Tallow fatty acids can be derived from various animal sources and generally comprise about 1-8% myristic acid, about 21-32% palmitic acid, about 14-31% stearic acid, about 0-4% palmitoleic acid, about 36-50% oleic acid and about 0- 5% linoleic acid. A typical distribution is 2.5% myristic acid, 29% palmitic acid, 23% stearic acid, 2% palmitoleic acid, 41.5% oleic acid, and 3% linoleic acid. Other similar mixtures, such as those from palm oil and those derived from various animal tallow and lard are also included.
Coconut oil refers to fatty acid mixtures having an approximate carbon chain length distribution of 8% Cg, 7%
Cio, 48% Cio, 17% C14, 8% Cis, 2% Cig, 7% oleic and 2% linoleic acids (the first six fatty acids listed being saturated). Other sources having similar carbon chain length distributions, such as palm kernel oil and babassu kernel oil, are included within the term coconut oil.
According to a preferred aspect of the invention up to 60% benefit agents such as non-soap surfactants, skin benefit materials such as moisturisers, emollients, sunscreens, Or anti-ageing compounds are incorporated at any step prior to step of milling. Alternatively certain of these benefit agents are introduced as macro domains during plodding.
A typical suitable fatty acid blend consists of 5 to 30% . 15 coconut fatty acids and 70 to 95% fatty acids ex-hardened ’ rice bran oil. Fatty acids derived from other suitable oils/fats such as groundnut, soybean, tallow, palm, palm ) kernel, etc. may also be used in other desired proportions.
For the purpose of the invention the colloidal aluminium hydroxide phosphate complex may be prepared by reacting aluminium containing alkaline material such as sodium aluminate with a solid content of 20 to 55% wherein the
Al,03 to Naz0 is in a ratio of 0.5 to 1.55, preferably 1.0 to 1.5, with phosphoric acid at a temperature range of 25 to 95°C. It is especially preferable to maintain a weight ratio of Al,03 to phosphoric acid in the range 0.40 to 2.40. The commercially available phosphoric acid used is preferably 26-85% pure.
The non-soap surfactants may be anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric or zwitterionic, or a mixture thereof. Examples of moisturisers and humectants include polyols, glycerol, cetyl alcohol, carbopol 934, ethoxylated castor oil, paraffin oils, lanolin and its derivatives. Silicone compounds such as silicone surfactants like DC3225C (Dow Corning) and/or silicone emollients, or silicone oil (DC-200 Ex-Dow Corning) may also be included. Suitable sun-screens include 4- tertiary butyl-4'-methoxy dibenzoylmethane (available under the trade name PARSOL 1789 from Givaudan) and/or 2-ethyl hexyl methoxy cinnamate (available under the trade name
PARSOL MCX from Givaudan) or other UV-A and UV-B sun-screens.
Other additives such as one or more water insoluble particulate materials such as talc, kaolin, polysaccharides such as starch or modified starches and celluloses may be incorporated.
In step (c) of the process minor additives such as perfume, colour, preservatives and other conventional additives at 1 to 2 % by weight can be incorporated.
The composition according to the invention will preferably comprise detergent actives which are generally chosen from both anionic and nonionic detergent actives.
Suitable anionic detergent active compounds are water soluble salts of organic sulphuric reaction products having in the molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and a radical chosen from sulphonic acid or sulphuric acid ester radicals and mixtures thereof.
Examples of suitable anionic detergents are sodium and potassium alcohol sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating the higher alcohols produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; sodium and potassium alkyl benzene sulphonates such as those in which the alkyl group contains from 9 to 15 carbon atoms; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oil; sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulphates; sodium and potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of the reaction product of one mole of a higher fatty alcohol and from 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide; sodium and potassium salts of alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulphate with from 1 to 8 units of ethylene oxide molecule and in which the alkyl : J radicals contain from 4 to 14 carbon atoms; the reaction product of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and - neutralised with scdium hydroxide where, for example, the fatty acids are derived from coconut oil and mixtures thereof.
The preferred water-soluble synthetic anionic detergent active compounds are the alkali metal (such as sodium and potassium) and alkaline earth metal (such as calcium and magnesium) salts of higher alkyl benzene sulphonates and mixtures with olefin sulphonates and higher alkyl sulphates, and the higher fatty acid monoglyceride sulphates.
Suitable nonionic detergent active compounds can be broadly described as compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups, which are hydrophilic in nature, with
- 11 ~- i an organic hydrophobic compound which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature. The length of the hydrophilic or polyoxyalkylene radical which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
Particular examples include the condensation product of aliphatic alcohols having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms in either straight or branched chain configuration with ethylene oxide, such as a coconut oil ethylene oxide condensate having from 2 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of coconut alcohol; condensates of alkylphenols whose alkyl group contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms with 5 to 25 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkylphenol; condensates of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and propylene N oxide with ethylene oxide, the condensate containing from 40 to 80% of polyoxyethylene radicals by weight and having a a molecular weight of from 5,000 to 11,000; tertiary amine oxides of structure R3NO, where one group R is an alkyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and the others are each methyl, ethyl or hydroxyethyl groups, for instance dimethyldodecylamine oxide; tertiary phosphine oxides of structure R3PO, where one group R is an alkyl group of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and the others are each alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, for instance dimethyldodecylphosphine oxide; and dialkyl sulphoxides of structure R»SO where the group R is an alkyl group of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms and the other is methyl or ethyl, for instance methyltetradecyl sulphoxide; fatty acid
’ - 12 ~ alkylolamides; alkylene oxide condensates of fatty acid alkylolamides and alkyl mercaptans.
It is also possible to include cationic, amphoteric, or zwitterionic detergent actives in the compositions according to the invention.
Suitable cationic detergent actives that can be incorporated are alkyl substituted quaternary ammonium halide salts e.g. bis (hydrogenated tallow) dimethylammonium chlorides, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, benzalkonium chlorides and dodecylmethylpolyoxyethylene ammonium chloride and amine and imidazoline salts for e.g. primary, secondary and tertiary amine hydrochlorides and imidazoline hydrochlorides. : J Suitable amphoteric detergent-active compounds that optionally can be employed are derivatives of aliphatic - secondary and tertiary amines containing an alkyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an aliphatic radical substituted by an anionic water-solubilizing group, for instance sodium 3- dodecylamino-propionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulphonate and sodium N-2-hydroxydodecyl-N-methyltaurate.
Suitable zwitterionic detergent-active compounds that optionally can be employed are derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, sulphonium and phosphonium compounds having an aliphatic radical of from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and an aliphatic radical substituted by an anionic water- solubilising group, for instance 3-(N-N-dimethyl-N- hexadecylammonium) propane-l-sulphonate betaine, 3-
(dodecylmethyl sulphonium) propane-l-sulphonate betaine and 3-(cetylmethylphosphonium) ethane sulphonate betaine.
The invention will now be further described by way of illustration only, with reference to the following non- limiting examples which amongst other things show comparative results of the composition prepared by the present invention and beyond the invention.
Examples 1-7
Preparation of the soap bars:
Soap base prepared by the conventional route was mixed with " structurants such as talc (Example 1) or A-gel+talc (Example 2) or colloidal aluminium hydroxide phosphate complex Ce (Alphos, Example 3) prepared separately in a high shear mixer by reacting aluminium containing alkaline material such as sodium aluminate with a solid content of 40% wherein the Al,03 to Na0 is in a ratio of 1.1 with 85% phosphoric acid at a temperature of 80°C. The minor and other ingredients were added and mixed. The bars were extruded by the conventional process. The formulation of the bars are presented in Table 1.
The samples prepared as described above were tested for hardness (penetration value) and density by the following procedure.
Penetration Value (PV)
Penetration value indicating the hardness of the bar was measured using a cone penetrometer; the details of a typical instrument and the method of measurement is given below. .
Cone type Penetrometer
MANUFACTURER: Adair Dutt & Company, Bombay.
RANGE OF MEASUREMENT: 0 - 40 mm
RANGE OF VERIFICATION: 20 in steps of 5
Procedure of Measurement: Let the entire mass (comprised of penetrometer needle and standard weight) which just rests on the test sample drop freely and thus penetrate the test mass to a specific distance for a specified period of time and read this distance to the nearest 1/10" mm. Take the average . after repeating the exercise for at least 3 times.
Density of the bar:
The density of the bar is measured by the standard method and calculated using the formula:
Density (grams/cm’) = Weight of bar (grams)
Volume in cn’
Claims (15)
1. A low total fatty matter detergent bar composition comprising 15-70% total fatty matter, 0.5-40% colloidal "5 aluminium hydroxide~phosphate complex, and 10-55% water.
2. A bar according to claim 1, wherein the composition ' additionally comprises 5-60% benefit agents.
3. A bar according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the composition has an iodine value in the range 0 to 110.
4. A bar according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the colloidal aluminium hydroxide-phosphate complex is prepared from an aluminium containing alkaline material.
5. A bar according to claim 4, wherein the aluminium containing alkaline material is sodium aluminate with a ; solid content of 20-55% and an Al03 to Naz0 ratio of 0.5 to 1.55:1.
6. A bar according to claim 5, wherein the aluminium . containing alkaline material is mixed with phosphoric acid at a temperature in the range of 25-95°C. :
25 .
7. A process for preparing a low total fatty matter detergent bar comprising 15-70% total fatty matter, 0.5-40% colloidal aluminium hydroxide-phosphate complex and 10- 55% water, comprising the steps of: AMENDED SHEET 2003 -04- 15 a. reacting a mixture of one or more fats or fatty acids with phosphoric acid and an alkaline aluminium-containing material to obtain an aluminium hydroxide-phosphate complex and soap at a ’ temperature of 25-95°C;
b. adding water to the complex and soap mixture;
c. converting the product of (b) into bars.
8. A process according to claim 7, wherein the aluminium containing alkaline material is sodium aluminate.
8. A process according to claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the sodium aluminate has a solids content of 20 to 55%.
10. A process according to any of claims 7-9, wherein the sodium aluminate has an Al,0, to Na,0 ratio in the region
0.5 to 1.55:1.
11. A process according to any of claims 7-10, wherein the particle size of the aluminium hydroxide-phosphate complex is 0.1-25um.
12. A process according to any of claims 7-11, wherein the process is carried out in a high sheer kneading mixer.
13. A process according to any of claims 7-12, wherein the ratio of Al,0, to phosphoric acid is in the ratio 0.4 to .
2.4:1.
14. A bar according to claim 1, substantially as herein described with reference to any of the illustrative examples. 2003 -04- 15
+
15. A process according to claim 7, substantially as herein described with reference to any of the illustrative examples.
AMENDED SHEET 2003 -04- 15
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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IN902BO1999 | 1999-12-08 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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ZA200204250B true ZA200204250B (en) | 2003-05-28 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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ZA200204250A ZA200204250B (en) | 1999-12-08 | 2002-05-28 | Improved detergent bar composition and manufacturing process. |
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ZA (1) | ZA200204250B (en) |
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2002
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