AU763501B2 - Process for preparing a low TFM detergent bar composition - Google Patents
Process for preparing a low TFM detergent bar composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU763501B2 AU763501B2 AU15565/00A AU1556500A AU763501B2 AU 763501 B2 AU763501 B2 AU 763501B2 AU 15565/00 A AU15565/00 A AU 15565/00A AU 1556500 A AU1556500 A AU 1556500A AU 763501 B2 AU763501 B2 AU 763501B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- detergent bar
- soap
- bar
- aluminium hydroxide
- fatty acids
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title claims description 42
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 38
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- -1 alkali metal salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000475 sunscreen effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000516 sunscreening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019774 Rice Bran oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003974 emollient agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008165 rice bran oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000001008 Macro domains Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 108050007982 Macro domains Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005457 triglyceride group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 229940068984 polyvinyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 6
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000012149 noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000003276 Apios tuberosa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010744 Arachis villosulicarpa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021319 Palmitoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cis-palmitoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N isethionic acid Chemical compound OCCS(O)(=O)=O SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC[14C](O)=O TUNFSRHWOTWDNC-HKGQFRNVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FZRJLAPPFMJMCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-di(nonyl)naphthalene;sodium Chemical compound [Na].C1=CC=CC2=C(CCCCCCCCC)C(CCCCCCCCC)=CC=C21 FZRJLAPPFMJMCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIDULKZCBGMXJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dimethylphosphoryldodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCP(C)(C)=O SIDULKZCBGMXJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRUABTDBQQLWLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfinyltetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCS(C)=O KRUABTDBQQLWLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIPQTCQUXOFTFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C(OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 HIPQTCQUXOFTFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutyric acid Chemical compound CCC(C)C(O)=O WLAMNBDJUVNPJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBGZDTIWKVFICR-JLHYYAGUSA-N Octyl 4-methoxycinnamic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 YBGZDTIWKVFICR-JLHYYAGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000021150 Orbignya martiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014643 Orbignya martiana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003946 Saponaria officinalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005210 alkyl ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XNEFYCZVKIDDMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N avobenzone Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1 XNEFYCZVKIDDMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZRTUSJGXCJSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane 1,2-dipentylnaphthalene Chemical compound N.C1=CC=CC2=C(CCCCC)C(CCCCC)=CC=C21 RZRTUSJGXCJSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010480 babassu oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013351 cheese Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940096386 coconut alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940045996 isethionic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019388 lanolin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940039717 lanolin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002680 magnesium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- YBGZDTIWKVFICR-UHFFFAOYSA-N octinoxate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=CC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 YBGZDTIWKVFICR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical group [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSXGXPNADZQTGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane;phenol Chemical compound C1CO1.OC1=CC=CC=C1 VSXGXPNADZQTGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004684 trihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/005—Synthetic soaps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D11/00—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents
- C11D11/04—Special methods for preparing compositions containing mixtures of detergents by chemical means, e.g. by sulfonating in the presence of other compounding ingredients followed by neutralising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D13/00—Making of soap or soap solutions in general; Apparatus therefor
- C11D13/14—Shaping
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
- C11D9/08—Water-soluble compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D9/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap
- C11D9/04—Compositions of detergents based essentially on soap containing compounding ingredients other than soaps
- C11D9/06—Inorganic compounds
- C11D9/18—Water-insoluble compounds
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Description
WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 1 PROCESS FOR PREPARING A LOW TFM DETERGENT BAR COMPOSITION The invention relates to a synergistic composition of soap/detergent bars for personal or fabric washing. This invention particularly relates to an improved detergent bar composition with a low total fatty matter (TFM) having superior sensory and physical properties. In a further aspect, the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the soap/detergent bars, and in particular an improved process for preparing a low total fatty matter detergent bar.
Conventional detergent bars, based on soap for personal washing contain over about 70% by weight TFM, the remainder being water (about 10-20%) and other ingredients such as colour, perfume, preservatives, etc. Structurants and fillers are also present in such compositions in small amounts which replace some of the soap in the bar while retaining the desired hardness of the bar. A few known fillers include starch, kaolin and talc.
Hard non-milled soaps containing moisture of less than are also available. These bars have a TFM of about 30-65%.
The reduction in TFM has been achieved by the use of insoluble particulate materials and/or soluble silicates.
Milled bars generally have a water content about 8-15% and the hard non-milled bars have a water content of about Swiss patent 226570 (1943) teaches the use of colloidal alumina hydrate mixed with "powdered soap wort roots" and Na-naphthalene sulphonate. Colloidal alumina aels in S15-11-2000 EP 009909042 \6 VV t 2 presence of water form a hard homogeneous mass that can be packed and sold. However this refers to a cast bar.
US 2,677,665 discloses a plodded, filled soap with low TFM content without affecting hardness of the bar.by adding sodium aluminate silicate gel to the hot molten soap. The sodium aluminate silicate gel may be generated in situ by adding sodium silicate solution and sodium aluminate solution to the hot molten soap. This document does not teach the in situ generation of colloidal alumina hydrate.
IN 176384 discloses a detergent composition with low TFM content having high ratio of water to TFM without affecting hardness, cleaning and lathering properties of the bar by the incorporation of up to 20% colliodal aluminium hydroxide (Agel). The A-gel/TFM combination enabled the preparation of bars with higher water content while using TFM at a lower level. This document also discloses a process wherein by providing a balanced combination of aluminium hydroxide and TFM it is possible to prepare a low TFM bar having high water content but with satisfactory hardness. The application teaches the generation of colloidal alumina hydrate in-situ by a reaction of fatty acid or an acid precursor of an active detergent with an aluminium containing alkaline material such as sodium aluminate to form bars which are obtained by plodding.
In this teaching,'although the A-gel concentration disclosed is up to 20% by weight, the demonstration of the invention is restricted to the use of 7.5% by weight A-gel in combination with 40 TFM with an additional structurant such as 5% by weight of alkaline silicate.
AMENDED SHEET 15-11-2000 EP 009909042 -2& it has now been found that when A-gel is used below 9.0% by weight a bar with good processability cannot be prepared without having additional structurants and/or increasing the TFM. However, bars with A-gel above 16.0t by weight would be very difficult to process, and affect the sensory and physical properties adversely.
AMENDED SHEET WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 3 Further, it has also been found that in situ generation of aluminium hydroxide by a reaction of fatty acid or an acid precursor of an active detergent with an aluminium containing alkaline material such as sodium aluminate solution that specifically has a solid content of 20 to wherein the alumina (A1 2 0 3 to sodium oxide (Na 2 0) is in a ratio of 0.5 to 1.55 by weight gives superior bar properties. These bars have improved hardness and smoother feel. This reaction can take place in a broader temperature range of 40 to Thus according to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a low TFM content detergent composition with superior sensory and physical properties comprising: 25 to 70% by weight of total fatty matter; 9.0 to 16% by weight of colloidal aluminium hydroxide (A-gel); from 12 to 52% by weight of water; and optionally other liquid benefit agents and the balance being other conventional ingredients.
According to a further aspect, there is provided an improved process for preparing a low TFM detergent bar comprising from 25 to 70% by weight of total fatty matter, from 0.5 to 20% by weight of colloidal aluminium hydroxide (A-gel), from to 52% by weight of water and the balance being other and minor additives as herein described, which process comprises the steps of: a. reacting one or more fatty acids or fats such as herein described with an aluminium containing alkaline material, such as sodium aluminate with a 4 solid content of 20 to 55% and wherein the A1 2 0 3 to Na 2 0 is in a ratio of 0.5 to 1.55:1, to obtain a mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap at a temperature between 40 0 C to b. adding a predetermined amount of water to the mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap; c. adding if desired, other and minor additives such as herein described to the mixture of step (b) d. converting the product of step into bars by a conventional method.
151 As now claimed, according to one aspect, the present invention provides a low total fatty matter content detergent bar composition comprising 25-70% total fatty matter, 9-16% by weight colloidal aluminium hydroxide and 12-57% water; wherein one step in a process for making said bar comprises reacting one or more fatty acids or fats with sodium aluminate having a solid content of 20-55%; wherein the A1 2 0 3 to Na20 ratio is in the region 0.5 to 1.55:1.
As now claimed, according to another aspect, the present invention provides a process for preparing a detergent bar comprising a surfactant, 25-70% total fatty matter, 9-16% colloidal aluminium hydroxide and 15-52% water, comprising the steps of: 4a a) reacting one or more fatty acids or fats with sodium aluminate with a solid content of 20-55% wherein the A1 2 0 3 to Na 2 O ratio is in the region 0.5-1.55:1, to obtain a mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap at a temperature of between 40 0 C. and 95 0
C.;
b) adding a predetermined amount of water to the mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap; c) adding any further minor additives, and d) converting the product of step into bars.
The term total fatty matter, usually abbreviated to TFM, is used to denote the percentage by weight of fatty acid and triglyceride residues present, without taking into account the accompanying cations.
For a soap having 18 carbon atoms, an accompanying sodium cation will generally amount to about 8% by weight. Other i cations may be employed as desired, for example zinc, potassium, magnesium, alkyl ammonium and aluminium.
The term soap denotes salts of carboxylic fatty acids. The soap may be derived from any of the triglycerides conventionally used in soap manufacture consequently the carboxylate anions in the soap may contain from 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
*ooo *e WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 5 The soap may be obtained by saponifying a fat and/or a fatty acid. The fats or oils generally used in soap manufacture may be such as tallow, tallow stearines, palm oil, palm stearines, soya bean oil, fish oil, caster oil, rice bran oil, sunflower oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, palm kernel oil, and others. In the above process the fatty acids are derived from oils/fats selected from coconut, rice bran, groundnut, tallow, palm, palm kernel, cotton seed, soybean, castor etc. The fatty acid soaps can also be synthetically prepared by the oxidation of petroleum, or by the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide by the Fischer-Tropsch process). Resin acids, such as those present in tall oil, may be used. Naphthenic acids are also suitable.
Tallow fatty acids can be derived from various animal sources, and generally comprise about 1-8% myristic acid, about 21-32% palmitic acid, about 14-31% stearic acid, about 0-4% palmitoleic acid, about 36-50% oleic acid and about 0linoleic acid. A typical distribution is 2.5% myristic acid, 29% palmitic acid, 23% stearic acid, 2% palmitoleic acid, 41.5% oleic acid, and 3% linoleic acid. Other mixtures with similar distribution, such as those from palm oil, and those derived from various animal tallow and lard are also included.
Coconut oil refers to fatty acid mixtures having an approximate carbon chain length distribution of 8% C 8 7%
C
0 o, 48% C 1 2 17% C 1 4 8% C 1 6 2% C 1 8 7% oleic and 2% linoleic acids (the first six fatty acids listed being saturated). Other sources having similar carbon chain length distributions, such as palm kernel oil and babassu kernel oil, are included within the term coconut oil.
WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 6 According to a further preferred aspect, the invention provides an improved process for preparing a low TFM detergent bar comprising: a. reacting one or more fatty acids such as are herein described with an aluminium containing alkaline material such as sodium aluminate, with a solid content of 20 to wherein the A1 2 0 3 to Na 2 0 is in a ratio of 1.0 to 1.55:1, in presence of 0.5-2% by weight of a solubility stabilizer to obtain a mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap at a temperature between 40 0 C to 95 0
C;
b. adding predetermined amount of water to the mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap; c. adding if desired, other and minor additives such as are herein described to the mixture of step d. converting the product of step into bars by a conventional method.
The solubility stabilizer is conveniently selected from any soluble inorganic or organic salts, polymers, other alkaline materials, alkali metal salt of citric, tartaric, gluconic acids, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. The most preferred solubility stabilizer is potassium chloride.
According to a preferred aspect of the invention, up to of other liquid benefit agents such as non-soap surfactants, skin benefit materials such as moisturisers, emollients, sunscreens, anti-ageing compounds are incorporated at any step prior to step of milling. Alternatively certain of WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 7 these benefit agents may be introduced as macro domains during plodding.
The particle size of aluminium hydroxide may range from 0.1 to 25 mun, and preferably have an average particle size of 2 to 15 pun, and most preferably 7 n.
Fatty acid A typical suitable fatty acid blend consists of 5 to coconut fatty acids and 70 to 95% fatty acids, ex. hardened rice bran oil. Fatty acids derived from other suitable oils/fats such as groundnut, soybean, tallow, palm, palm kernel, etc. may also be used in other desired proportions.
Aluminium containing alkaline material It is preferable to generate the aluminium hydroxide in situ during the saponification of the fats/fatty acids. One or more fats/fatty acids may be saponified with an aluminium containing alkaline material, such as sodium aluminate with a solid content of 20 to 55%, preferably 30 to 55% and wherein the A1 2 0 3 to Na 2 0 is in a ratio of 0.5 to 1.55:1, preferably 1.0 to to obtain a mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap at a temperature between 40 0 C to 950C, preferably between 60 and 950C. A solubility stabilizer may be selected from any soluble inorganic or organic salts, polymers, other alkaline materials, alkali metal salt of citric, tartaric, gluconic acids, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
may additionally be incorporated. The most preferred solubility stabilizer is potassium chloride.
In certain embodiments, in particular those relating to the process of the invention, it may be preferable that a WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 8 soluble inorganic salt be present to improve the quality of the aluminium hydroxide formed, which inorganic salt may preferably be potassium chloride.
Commercially available aluminium hydroxide with a particle size distribution of 2 to 40 gm, or that prepared by the reaction of a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid with sodium aluminate solution can be incorporated.
Benefit agents The non-soap surfactants may be anionic, nonionic, cationic, amphoteric or zwitterionic or a mixture thereof. Examples of moisturisers and humectants include polyols, glycerol, cetyl alcohol, Carbopol 934, ethoxylated castor oil, paraffin oils, lanolin and its derivatives. Silicone compounds such as silicone surfactants like DC3225C (Dow Corning) and/or silicone emollients, silicone oil (DC-200 Ex-Dow Corning) may also be included. Sun-screens such as 4-tertiary butyl-4'methoxy dibenzoylmethane (available under the trade name PARSOL 1789 from Givaudan), and/or 2-ethyl hexyl methoxy cinnamate (available under the trade name PARSOL MCX from Givaudan), or other UV-A and UV-B sun-screens may also be included.
Other additives Other additives such as one or more water insoluble particulate materials such as talc, kaolin, polysaccharides such as starch or modified starch as described in our patent application IN 175386 may also be incorporated.
WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 -9- Minor additives In step of the process according to the invention, minor additives such as perfume, colour, preservatives and other conventional additives at levels typically of around 1 to 2 by weight can be incorporated.
Non-Soap detergents The composition according to the invention will preferably comprise detergent actives, which are generally chosen from both anionic and nonionic detergent actives.
Suitable anionic detergent active compounds are water soluble salts of organic sulphuric reaction products having in the molecular structure an alkyl radical containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and a radical chosen from sulphonic acid or sulphuric acid ester radicals and mixtures thereof.
Examples of suitable anionic detergents are sodium and potassium alcohol sulphates, especially those obtained by sulphating the higher alcohols produced by reducing the glycerides of tallow or coconut oil; sodium and potassium alkyl benzene sulphonates such as those in which the alkyl group contains from 9 to 15 carbon atoms; sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulphates, especially those ethers of the higher alcohols derived from tallow and coconut oil; sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulphates; sodium and potassium salts of sulphuric acid esters of the reaction product of one mole of a higher fatty alcohol and from 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide; sodium and potassium salts of alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulphate with from 1 to 8 units of ethylene oxide molecule and in which the alkyl radicals contain from 4 to 14 carbon atoms; and the reaction product of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 10 neutralised with sodium hydroxide where, for example, the fatty acids are derived from coconut oil and mixtures thereof.
The preferred water-soluble synthetic anionic detergent active compounds are the alkali metal (such as sodium and potassium) and alkaline earth metal (such as calcium and magnesium) salts of higher alkyl benzene sulphonates and mixtures with olefin sulphonates and higher alkyl sulphates, and the higher fatty acid monoglyceride sulphates. The most preferred anionic detergent active compounds are higher alkyl aromatic sulphonates, such as higher alkyl benzene sulphonates containing from 6 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group in a straight or branched chain, particular examples of which are sodium salts of higher alkyl benzene sulphonates or of higher-alkyl toluene, xylene or phenol sulphonates, alkyl naphthalene sulphonates, ammonium diamyl naphthalene sulphonate, and sodium dinonyl naphthalene sulphonate.
Suitable nonionic detergent active compounds can be broadly described as compounds produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups, which are hydrophilic in nature, with an organic hydrophobic compound which may be aliphatic or alkyl aromatic in nature. The length of the hydrophilic or polyoxyalkylene radical which is condensed with any particular hydrophobic group can be readily adjusted to yield a water-soluble compound having the desired degree of balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic elements.
Particular examples include the condensation product of aliphatic alcohols having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms in either straight or branched chain configuration with WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 11 ethylene oxide, such as a coconut oil ethylene oxide condensate having from 2 to 15 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of coconut alcohol; condensates of alkylphenols whose alkyl group contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms with 5 to moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alkylphenol; condensates of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and propylene oxide with ethylene oxide, the condensate containing from to 80% of polyoxyethylene radicals by weight and having a molecular weight of from 5,000 to 11,000; tertiary amine oxides of structure R 3 NO, where one group R is an alkyl group of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and the others are each methyl, ethyl or hydroxyethyl groups, for instance dimethyldodecylamine oxide; tertiary phosphine oxides of structure R 3 PO, where one group R is an alkyl group of from 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and the others are each alkyl or hydroxyalkyl groups of 1 to 3 carbon atoms, for instance dimethyldodecylphosphine oxide; and dialkyl sulphoxides of structure R 2 SO where the group R is an alkyl group of from to 18 carbon atoms and the other is methyl or ethyl, for instance methyltetradecyl sulphoxide; fatty acid alkylolamides; alkylene oxide condensates of fatty acid alkylolamides and alkyl mercaptans.
It is also possible to include amphoteric, cationic or zwitterionic detergent actives in the compositions according to the invention.
The reaction step is typically conducted at a temperature of 40-95 0 C, more preferably between 60 and 950C.
The sequence of the reaction step is critical, and it is preferred to add fatty acids to sodium aluminate.
WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 12 The bar is made by conventional methods, e.g. by the frame cooling method or by extrusion (plodding) method.
Typically, in the extrusion method, fatty acids are neutralised with sodium aluminate, either as such or in the presence of non-soap detergent active, a few selected additives added, and the dried to the required moisture.
The dried soap is then mixed with remaining minor additives/non-soap detergents if not added earlier in the mixer, mechanically worked in triple roll mill and plodded under vacuum in the form of billets. The billets are later stamped in the form of bars.
The soap/detergent bars produced according to the present invention have been found to demonstrate excellent visual appearance, feel, hardness, cleaning and lathering properties.
Illustrations of a few non-limiting examples are provided herein by way of illustration only showing comparative results of the compositions and processes according to the present invention, and outside the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLES 1-3 Suitable bar composition details and their properties are shown in Table 1.
WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 13 Table 1 Composition (parts Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 wt.) TFM 62 66 56 Soda ash 0.5 0.5 Moisture 19.0 19.0 19.0 Colloidal 12.4 8.0 18 aluminium hydroxide Minor ingredients 0.8 0.8 Product Characteristics Yield stress 3.3 X 10 b Too soft Very hard Feel 7.5 8.7 The samples prepared as described above were tested for hardness (Yield stress) and feel (grittiness) by the following procedure.
Yield Stress: Yield stress quantifies the hardness of a soap bar. The yield stress of the bars at a specified temperature was determined by observation of the extent to which a bar was cut by a weighted cheese wire during a specified time. The apparatus consists of a cheesewire (diameter d in cm) attached to a counter balanced arm which can pivot freely via a ball race bearing. A billet of soap is positioned under the wire such that the wire is just in contact with one edge of the billet. By applying a weight (W directly above the cheesewire, a constant force is exerted on the wire which will slice into the soap. The area over which the force acts will increase as the depth of cut increases, and therefore the stress being exerted will decrease until it is exactly balanced by resistance of the soap and the wire stops moving. The stress at this point is WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 14 equal to the yield stress of the soap. The time taken to reach this point was found to be 30 seconds, so that a standard time of 1 min. was chosen to ensure that the yield stress had been reached. After this time the weight was removed, and the length of the cut (L in cm) measured. The yield stress is calculated using the semi-empirical formula: Y.S 3 W x 98.1 Pascal (Pa.) 8 Lxd Feel A standard washing procedure in cold water is followed for estimation of grittiness by feel by a group of trained panellists. The score is given over scale of 1-10, where score of 1 relates to the best feel and 10 to the poorest.
The toilet soaps with acceptable quality generally have a feel score in the range of 7.8 to The data presented in table 1 show that the physical properties of the bar such as hardness, and processability are adversely affected when the content of the colloidal aluminium hydroxide is outside the range as defined according to the invention. The bars according to the invention had a superior feel score, the bars according to Example 2 were too soft to process, and the bars according to Example 3 were very hard and gritty.
EXAMPLES 4-6 Examples 4-6 demonstrate processes according to the invention, comparing compositions prepared conventionally, without the addition of any aluminium hydroxide, and also those prepared using aluminium hydroxide where the specific ratio of A1 2 0 3 :Na 2 0 in the sodium aluminate was varied.
WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 15 Process for preparing the soap bar: a. Conventional process: A batch of 50 kg soap was prepared by melting a mixture of fatty acids at 80-85 0 °C in a crutcher and neutralising with 48% sodium hydroxide solution in water. Additional water was added to obtain a moisture content of about 33%. The soap mass was spray dried under vacuum, and formed into noodles. The soap noodles were mixed with soda ash, talc, perfume, colour, and titanium dioxide in a sigma mixer, and passed twice through a triple roll mill. The milled chips were plodded under vacuum and formed into billets. The billets were cut and stamped into tablets.
b. Process according to prior art: A batch of 50 kg soap was prepared by melting a mixture of fatty acids at 80-85 0 °C in a crutcher and neutralising with sodium aluminate solution. The sodium aluminate solution was prepared by dissolving solid sodium aluminate in water at 90-95 Additional water was added to obtain a moisture content of about 36%. The soap mass was spray dried under vacuum, and formed into noodles. The soap noodles were mixed with soda ash, perfume, colour, and titanium dioxide in a sigma mixer, and passed twice through a triple roll mill. The milled chips were plodded under vacuum and formed into billets. The billets were cut and stamped into tablets.
c. Process according to the invention: A batch of 50 kg soap was prepared by melting a mixture of fatty acids at 80-85 0 °C in a crutcher, and neutralising with sodium aluminate solution. The sodium aluminate WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 16 solution was prepared by dissolving solid alumina trihydrate in sodium hydroxide solution at 90-95 0 C. Additional water was added to obtain a moisture content of about 36%. The soap mass was spray dried under vacuum, and formed into noodles. The soap noodles were mixed with soda ash, perfume, colour, and titanium dioxide in a sigma mixer and passed twice through a triple roll mill. The milled chips were plodded under vacuum, and formed into billets. The billets were cut and stamped into tablets.
.0 The samples prepared as described above were tested for hardness (yield stress) and feel (grittiness) as described above.
Results Table 2 Composition (parts Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 wt). (Invention) (Prior art) (Control) TFM 62 62 68 Soda ash 0.5 0.5 Talc 11.0 Moisture 19.0 19.0 13.2 Colloidal aluminium 12.4 hydroxide A1 2 0 3 Na20 1.1 Colloidal aluminium -12.4 hydroxide A1 2 0 3 Na20 1.66 Minor ingredients 0.8 0.8 Product Characteristics Yield stress 3.3 X 10 3.2 X 10 3.0 X Feel 7.5 8.4 WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 17 The data presented shows that in spite of increasing the moisture content of the bar to 19.0 as compared to the control with a moisture content of 13.2, and eliminating the filler content completely, the hardness of the bar was not affected significantly. However, as compared to the control and bars prepared according to the prior art, the feel of the soap according to the invention is significantly superior. The panellists gave the bars according to the invention significantly lower grit scores as compared to the control bars.
Examples 7-11 The following compositions were prepared as outlined above: Component Parts/wt.
7 8 9 10 11 TFM 62 67 62 72 Aluminium hydroxide 12 7 7 7 18 Water 20 20 20 15 Talc 0 0 5 0 0 Penetration Value 4.1 5.3 5.0 4.2 (mm at 35 0
C)
Yield stress (kPa at 190 130 150 200 200 350) WO 00/36075 PCT/EP99/09042 18 In relation to the bars produced, example 7 is within the scope of the invention, whilst examples 8-10 have levels of aluminium hydroxide below the required level. Example 11 has an aluminium hydroxide level above that of the claimed invention.
In terms of the bars' properties, bars containing a lower amount of aluminium hydroxide were found to be more susceptible to water loss, and may also in some circumstances be more prone to higher levels of mush. Bars containing relatively high levels of aluminium hydroxide were susceptible to cracking.
Further, it was found that if the aluminium hydroxide level dropped below about the soap bar can become too soft (ie it has low yield stress and high penetration values), and at a given water content be relatively difficult to process.
In such bars, the addition of 5% talc improved the hardness, but not sufficiently. Bar hardness could be improved only by lowering the water content and increasing TFM, but with a consequent increase in the cost of the product. At a given water content, dropping the aluminium hydroxide level below 8% led to an increase in mush, which could be alleviated by adding talc or reducing the water content.
When the aluminium hydroxide content is increased above about 16%, at a given water content the bar may retain processability, but it was found to have a gritty feel.
Such relatively high aluminium hydroxide content bars also demonstrated significant cracking, a decreased rate of wear, and also severe efflorescence on storage.
18a- Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps.
The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the prior art forms part of the common general knowledge in Australia.
C.o eo oC
Claims (9)
1. A low total fatty matter content detergent bar composition comprising 25-70% total fatty matter, 9-16% by weight colloidal aluminium hydroxide and 12-57% water; wherein one step in a process for making said bar comprises reacting one or more fatty acids or fats with sodium aluminate having a solid content of 20-55%; wherein the A1 2 0 3 to Na20 ratio is in the region 0.5 to 1.55:1.
2. A detergent bar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fatty matter comprises fatty acid and/or triglyceride residues. e.
3. A detergent bar as claimed in claim i, wherein the composition additionally comprises up to 30% by weight of .ooooi Sliquid benefit agents selected from non-soap surfactants, skin benefit materials, emollients, sunscreens or anti- ageing compounds.
4. A detergent bar as claimed in claim 3, wherein the liquid benefit agent is added to the bar composition at any stage.
5. A detergent bar as claimed in claim 3, wherein the liquid benefit agent is introduced into the bar composition as macro domains during plodding.
6. A detergent bar as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises tallow fatty acids and/or coconut oil. 20
7. A detergent bar as claimed in claim i, wherein the aluminium hydroxide has a particle size of 0.1-25 gm.
8. A detergent bar as claimed in claim i, wherein the fatty acid blend consists of 5-30% coconut fatty acids and
70-95% hardened rice bran oil fatty acids. 9. A detergent bar as claimed in claim i, wherein the aluminium hydroxide is generated in situ during saponification. A detergent bar as claimed in claim i, additionally comprising a solubility stabilizer selected from soluble organic or inorganic salts, polymers, polyvinyl alcohol, 15 alkaline materials, and alkali metal salts of citric, tartaric, or gluconic acids. 11. A detergent bar as claimed in claim 10, wherein the solubility stabilizer is potassium chloride. 12. A detergent bar as claimed claim 1, wherein the surfactant is an anionic or nonionic surfactant. 13. A process for preparing a detergent bar comprising a 25 surfactant, 25-70% total fatty matter, 9-16% colloidal aluminium hydroxide and 15-52% water, comprising the steps of: a) reacting one or more fatty acids or fats with sodium aluminate with a solid content of 20-55% wherein the A1 2 0 3 to ratio is in the region 0.5-1.55:1, to obtain a mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap at a temperature of between 21 0 C. and 95 0 C.; b) adding a predetermined amount of water to the mixture of aluminium hydroxide and soap; c) adding any further minor additives, and d) converting the product of step into bars. 14. A process as claimed in claim 13, wherein the soap is formed from tallow fatty acids and/or coconut oil. A process as claimed in claim 13, wherein 0.5-2% by weight of a solubility stabilizer is added during step (a) eee* 16. A process as claimed in any of claim 13, wherein the solubility stabilizer is selected from soluble organic or Sinorganic salts, polymers, alkaline metals, poly vinyl alcohol and alkali metal salts of citric, tartaric, or gluconic acids. S•17. A process as claimed in claim 13, wherein during the process there is added to the composition up to 30% by **.weight of a liquid benefit agent selected from non-soap 25 surfactants, skin benefit materials, emollients, sunscreens, or anti-ageing compounds, or mixtures thereof. 18. A process as claimed in claim 13, wherein the particle size of the aluminium hydroxide ranges from 0.1 to 25 [Lm. 19. A process as claimed in claim 13, wherein the fatty acid comprises a blend of 5-30% coconut fatty acid and 22 hardened rice bran oil fatty acids. A process as claimed in claim 13, wherein the ratio of A1 2 0 3 to Na20 in step is in the region 1.0-1.5:1. 21. A process as claimed in claim 13, wherein the reaction temperature in step is 60-95 0 C. 22. A detergent bar and process for producing same substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the non-comparative examples. DATED THIS 9th day of May, 2003. 15 UNILEVER PLC By Its Patent Attorneys DAVIES COLLISON CAVE o o* o* *ooo *oo*
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IN810BO1998 IN189880B (en) | 1998-12-14 | 1998-12-14 | |
IN810/BOM/98 | 1998-12-14 | ||
IN811/BOM/98 | 1998-12-14 | ||
IN811BO1998 IN189621B (en) | 1998-12-14 | 1998-12-14 | |
GB9906834 | 1999-03-24 | ||
GBGB9906834.8A GB9906834D0 (en) | 1998-12-14 | 1999-03-24 | Improved low TFM detergent bar composition |
GBGB9906835.5A GB9906835D0 (en) | 1998-12-14 | 1999-03-24 | Improved process for preparing a low TFM detergent bar composition |
GB9906835 | 1999-03-24 | ||
PCT/EP1999/009042 WO2000036075A1 (en) | 1998-12-14 | 1999-11-16 | Process for preparing a low tfm detergent bar composition |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AU1556500A AU1556500A (en) | 2000-07-03 |
AU763501B2 true AU763501B2 (en) | 2003-07-24 |
Family
ID=33436350
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU15565/00A Ceased AU763501B2 (en) | 1998-12-14 | 1999-11-16 | Process for preparing a low TFM detergent bar composition |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
KR (1) | KR100701111B1 (en) |
AR (1) | AR021627A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU763501B2 (en) |
CO (1) | CO5221042A1 (en) |
MY (1) | MY122441A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2235762C2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MX2018001046A (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2018-06-07 | Unilever Nv | Low total fatty matter (tfm) cleansing bar. |
-
1999
- 1999-11-16 AU AU15565/00A patent/AU763501B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-11-16 RU RU2001119443/13A patent/RU2235762C2/en active
- 1999-11-16 KR KR1020017007352A patent/KR100701111B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-10 CO CO99077411A patent/CO5221042A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-13 MY MYPI99005421A patent/MY122441A/en unknown
- 1999-12-13 AR ARP990106311A patent/AR021627A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100701111B1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
RU2235762C2 (en) | 2004-09-10 |
KR20010080759A (en) | 2001-08-22 |
AR021627A1 (en) | 2002-07-31 |
CO5221042A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
MY122441A (en) | 2006-04-29 |
AU1556500A (en) | 2000-07-03 |
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