WO2008040423A1

WO2008040423A1 - Air-based solar collector unit

Info

Publication number: WO2008040423A1
Application number: PCT/EP2007/007651
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hans Bommer; Wolfgang Schlott
Original assignee: Puren Gmbh
Priority date: 2006-09-29
Filing date: 2007-09-01
Publication date: 2008-04-10

Abstract

The invention relates to an air-based solar collector unit which comprises an air guidance unit (10) and an insulating unit (12).

Description

28. 08. 07

Air solar collector unit

The invention relates to an air solar collector unit according to the preamble of claim 1.

Advantages of the invention

An air solar collector unit with an air guiding unit and an insulating unit, and in particular with an energy recovery unit, is proposed. In this case, an "air-guiding unit" should be understood to mean, in particular, a unit which is intended to carry air and which is intended to allow air to be advantageously heated by solar radiation within it. "Provided" is to be specially equipped and / or designed An "insulating unit" is to be understood as meaning in particular a unit for thermal insulation, which is formed at least essentially from a heat insulating material, such as preferably from a foam material, in particular polyurethane Unit, which is intended to use the heat of the heated air within the air guide unit close. By appropriate design, the components can be advantageously matched and it can be a high benefit and efficiency can be achieved.

Preferably, the air guide unit forms an outer surface, whereby additional components can be avoided and a high efficiency in the heating of the air can be achieved, in particular if the air guide unit has a transparent cover layer, can pass through the sun's rays and used to heat air within the air guide unit can be. Furthermore, weight, assembly costs and costs can be reduced. The outer surface of the air solar collector unit advantageously forms an outer surface of a building, such as a wall outer surface or particularly advantageously a roof outer surface.

If the air guide unit several, preferably parallel

achieves speeds and in particular an advantageous installation of the air guide unit can be achieved. A plurality of "air ducts" should be understood to mean at least two channels which are fluidically separate at least over a partial area.

Preferably, the air ducts are connected at least in the mounted state via at least one connecting channel, in particular via a transverse channel, so that the individual flows can preferably be converted into a main flow. If the connecting channel has a changing cross-sectional area in the flow direction, in particular an increasing cross-sectional area, the flow velocity in the connecting channel can be advantageously set, whereby the change in the cross-sectional area can relate to the shape and / or in particular to the size and can be stepped and / or advantageously can be made stepless.

The warmed-up air can be led out of the same on different sides of the air-guiding unit, in particular on a side surface on an upper end side and / or particularly advantageously over at least one recess arranged in its bottom region, whereby an advantageous connection of the energy-utilization unit can be easily achieved.

If the air handling unit is at least for the most part, i. made of more than 50%, made of a plastic, this can be

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In a further embodiment of the invention, it is proposed that the air guide unit is provided to be firmly connected to the insulating unit or fixed in the assembled state is connected to the insulating unit, which again other components, weight, installation costs and costs can be saved , In particular, when the air guide unit is connected directly, ie without interposed assemblies, with the insulation unit. It is also proposed that at least one channel for water removal is arranged between the air guide unit and the insulating unit in the assembled state, whereby a condensate water discharge can be advantageously ensured. The channel can preferably be formed by a free space between the air guide unit and the insulating unit, for example, by spacing means between the air guide unit and the insulating unit are arranged, which are formed by separate components and / or also on the Luftfüh- tion unit and / or on the insulating unit Components can be formed.

If the insulating unit has at least one heat-insulating panel with at least one fastening element which is provided for coupling to a corresponding cover unit, in particular with the air-guiding unit, an advantageous coupling, in particular at least largely without thermal bridges, can be achieved. The fastening means may have various shapes which appear appropriate to the person skilled in the art, for example the fastening element may be plate-shaped and / or advantageously web-shaped, this advantageously forming an angle not equal to zero to a side wall of the thermal insulation board in the case of a web-shaped formation. In addition, the fastening means by various, the expert appears useful

Connections to be connected to the thermal insulation board, as by means of non-positive, positive and / or particularly advantageous means of material connections. Furthermore, advantageously, the fastening element is at least partially embedded in the thermal insulation board, whereby an undesirable Overhang on the thermal insulation board can be at least largely avoided.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the insulating unit has at least one air duct, which in turn allows an advantageous connection of the energy recovery unit can be achieved, in particular if the air duct, in particular with its main extension, to an angle not equal to zero an upper side of a thermal insulation panel of the insulating unit encloses and thus the heated air can be passed through at least a partial layer of the insulating unit. The angle preferably has between 60 ° and 120 ° and particularly advantageously substantially 90 °. The air duct can be formed by a cover side and / or a side wall of a thermal insulation panel and / or can advantageously be introduced into a thermal insulation panel and / or be integrally formed on a thermal insulation panel. The air duct can advantageously be formed at least partially by a recess of the thermal insulation board into which an additional channel element may or may not be inserted.

It is also proposed that the energy recovery unit has at least one heat exchanger and / or a heat pump, whereby the heat energy of the heated air can be used particularly flexibly, and in particular advantageous for heating water.

If the energy utilization unit has at least one heating channel, in particular for guiding the warmed-up air, the heat can advantageously be used directly. The heating Nal is preferably provided to be at least partially integrated into a building ceiling, a building wall and / or in a building floor. The heating channel can be formed by a pipe or by a gap of multi-layered building ceilings, walls and / or floors.

Furthermore, the flexibility can be increased if the energy utilization unit has at least one unit for generating electricity.

In addition, it is proposed that the air solar collector unit has at least one refrigeration unit. By means of a refrigeration unit, heat energy generated by means of the air solar collector unit can advantageously be used to extract heat from a specific area, in particular a building area, whereby air conditioning by means of the air solar collector unit becomes possible. The refrigeration unit preferably has at least one evaporation unit, but in principle other units and methods that appear appropriate to the person skilled in the art are also conceivable.

In a further embodiment, it is proposed that the air solar collector unit has at least one adapter element which is provided for coupling, in particular for direct coupling, with the air guide unit in the region of its air outlet, whereby an advantageously simple connection to the air guide unit can be achieved. In particular, flow losses and energy losses can be at least largely avoided at the air outlet of the air guide unit. The adapter element is preferably from a plastic, particularly advantageously of a foam as of an integral foam formed. If the adapter element is designed as an insulating element, advantageously further insulating elements and expensive additional insulating constructions can be avoided.

Further, a sub-assembly is proposed which has a decreasing in at least one direction height. As a result, an advantageous inclination of the air solar collector unit can be achieved. Such a substructure unit is particularly advantageous for a flat roof construction, which has an unfavorable inclination of a roof surface against a sun.

Advantageously, the substructure unit is wedge-shaped. "Wedge-shaped" is to be understood as meaning that the substructure unit has two substantially planar surfaces which are at an angle of greater than 0 ° and less than 90 ° to each other A wedge-shaped substructure unit has an area which is advantageously flat for an arrangement of the air-type solar collector unit but in principle also other substructure units with a decreasing height in at least one direction conceivable, such as stepped substructure units.

It is further proposed that the sub-assembly has a Grundköper, which is at least partially formed of an insulating material. An "insulating material" is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a foam material, such as polyurethane, for example, which makes it possible to realize a particularly lightweight and flexibly usable substructure unit which at the same time provides insulation in particular can be. It is proposed that the insulating unit and the base body of the substructure unit are made of the same material, and in particular it is proposed that the substructure unit is at least partially embodied in one piece with the insulating unit, ie the insulating unit has at least partially a wedge-shaped form. As a result, manufacturing costs and material can be saved.

drawing

Further advantages emerge from the following description of the drawing. In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown. The drawing, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The person skilled in the art will expediently also consider the features individually and combine them into meaningful further combinations.

Show it :

Fig. 1 is a side view of a building with an air collector unit according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a section along the line II-II in FIG

1,

Fig. 3 the air solar collector unit during assembly,

Fig. 4 is a side view of a building with an alternative air solar collector unit,

Fig. 5 shows a section along the line VV in FIG. 4, 6 shows individual parts of a further alternative air solar collector unit, and FIG. 7 shows an air tunnel collector unit with a substructure unit arranged on a flat roof.

Description of the embodiments

FIG. 1 shows a side view of a building with a roof and with a roof-mounted air solar collector unit according to the invention. The air solar collector unit comprises an air guide unit 10 made of plastic, an insulation unit 12 and a power utilization unit 14 (FIGS. 1, 2 and 3). The air guide unit 10 forms an outer surface 16 with a sunlight-transparent cover layer 18 and comprises a plurality of substantially identical air guide channels 20. The outer surface 16 forms substantially the entire outer surface of the roof, i. at least more than 70%, advantageously more than 80%, and more preferably more than 90%. To a beneficial heating of air

50 to achieve within the air guide unit 10, the bottom 52 is formed black. In principle, other dark absorbing colors are conceivable.

The air ducts 20 extend from a lower edge of the roof 54 or from a roof eaves parallel to a Dachstirnseite 56 to a roof ridge 58. The air ducts 20 are formed by individual elements which are coupled to each other during assembly by a Steckklappbewegung by molded form-closure elements 60, 62 be (see Figure 3). Furthermore, at which the air ducts 20 form the individual elements tab-like fastening means 64 integrally formed, which protrude across the elements and extend Ü- over its entire length. However, it is also possible that the fastening means 64 are arranged only in sections over the length of the elements. By means of the fastening means 64, the elements forming the air ducts 20 are screwed to the insulating unit 12, namely, screws 66 are screwed through the fastening means 64 in fastening elements 36 embedded in thermal insulation panels 32, 34 of the insulating unit 12. In principle, other, in particular by the insulating unit 12 passing fasteners are conceivable. The fastening means 64 are formed by transverse to the air ducts 20 extending wood strips which are cohesively connected to the thermal insulation panels 32, 34 and the flush with an upper surface of the thermal insulation panels 32, 34 complete. The thermal insulation panels 32, 34 are connected to each other in joints with angle sections 68, by means of which the thermal insulation panels 32 are bolted to a roof beam 70. The angle profiles 68 serve to accommodate the insulating unit 12 acting thrust and suction forces. The air guide unit 10 and the insulating unit 12 are completely secured free of thermal bridges.

The air guide unit 10 is mounted at a distance from the insulating unit 12, so that a channel 30 for condensate drainage is formed between the air guide unit 10 and the insulating unit 12 in the mounted state. The thermal insulation panels 32, 34 of the insulation unit 12, which forms a full-surface insulation, are permeable to water from bottom to top when viewed in the assembled state and have membrane-like foils 72, 74 on their upper side which extend above ground. body 76, 78 of polyurethane heat insulation panels 32, 34 extend beyond, so that in the assembled state, an overlap in the joint areas of the thermal insulation panels 32, 34 can be achieved. Condensation water can thus diffuse from the bottom up through the base body 76, 78 and the films 72, 74 and be discharged via the channel 30 on the films 72, 74, which are permeable to water in one direction, down over the sloping roof. The insulating unit 12 may additionally or alternatively also comprise steel sandwich elements which in particular comprise at least one upper and usually one lower sheet metal layer.

In the region of the roof ridge 58, the elements forming the air ducts 20 have in their bottom regions 26 a recess 28 for discharging warmed air 50 from the air duct 10 into a connecting duct 22 connecting the air ducts 20. The connecting channel 22 is introduced into the heat insulation panels 34 of the insulating unit 12 ""'extends ars.llel to the roof ridge 58 and has in Stro ^~ flow direction 24 to an increasing cross-sectional area. The connecting channel 22 is closed at the bottom by means of thermal insulation panels 80 of the insulating unit 12, which connect to an underside of the thermal insulation panels 34 and which extend over the entire width of the air solar collector unit. In order to avoid that warmed-up air 50 flows into the channel 30, shielding means 90, 92 are preferably arranged in the region of the connecting channel 22 between the air guiding unit 10 and the insulating unit 12, which preferably extend over the entire length of the connecting channel 22. In the heat insulation panel 80 adjoining an end face 82, a recess forming an air duct 38 of the insulation unit 12 is introduced, wherein the air duct 38 encloses an angle 40 of 90 ° to an upper side of the thermal insulation panel 80.

Through the air duct 38, the heated air 50 of the energy recovery unit 14 is supplied, which is preferably at a small distance, i. preferably with a distance less than 2 m, is arranged to the air duct 38. The energy recovery unit 14 has a heat exchanger 42, in particular for heating water, a heat pump 44 and a unit 48 for generating electricity from the heat energy of the heated air 50. Furthermore, the energy recovery unit 14 comprises a refrigeration unit 46 designed as an absorption refrigeration unit which cools by means of a temperature-dependent desorption and absorption process of an ammonia / water mixture. In addition, the energy recovery unit 14 includes a ground storage 94, which is charged with excess energy with thermal energy.

Furthermore, the energy recovery unit 14 comprises a system with heating channels 120, which are integrated in building walls 84 and in a building floor 86. In the heating channels 120 warmed up air 50 can be introduced from the air guide unit 10 and the heated air 50 can be advantageously used to heat the building. The energy recovery unit 14 has a control and regulating unit 88, by means of the automated depending on various parameters, such as in particular outdoor temperature, desired indoor temperature, etc., a heating operation is controlled and regulated However, the manual heating operation can be controlled.

In the figures 4 to 6 alternative embodiments are shown. Substantially identical components, features and functions are basically numbered by the same reference numerals. In order to distinguish the exemplary embodiments, however, the letters a to c are added to the reference symbols of the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 4 to 7. The following description is essentially limited to the differences from the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 to 3, wherein reference can be made to the description of the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 to 3 with regard to components, features and functions remaining the same.

The air solar collector unit comprises an air guide unit 10a made of plastic, an insulation unit 12a and a power utilization unit 14a (FIGS. 4 and 5).

Air ducts 20a of the air guide unit 10a terminate at a distance in front of a vertically oriented insulating element 96a of the insulating unit 12a, which connects at its upper end to a skylight unit 98a. In the region between the air ducts 20a and the insulating element 96a, the air solar collector unit or the insulating unit 12a comprises insulating ducts 100a seated on the air ducts 20a and on the air duct unit 10a and adjoining the insulating element 96a, each forming a duct 102a for a plurality of air ducts 20a , via the heated air 50a in each case via a duct 104a in thermal insulation panels 34a into a duct system 106a and via the duct system 106a of the energy recovery unit 14a is supplied. The channels 102a formed by the insulating units 100a are decoupled in the flow direction from each other in front of the channel 104a by means of partition walls 110a of the insulating units 100a.

As an alternative and / or in addition to the channels 104a in the thermal insulation panels 34a, the heated air 50a could pass through one or more channels 108a, preferably at least substantially in the direction of flow within the air ducts 20a of the air duct 10a, at least substantially without deflection in particular by an insulating element 96a and / or a support element (frame) of a skylight, into a building interior and from there preferably into the energy recovery unit 14a, as indicated in FIG.

FIG. 6 shows individual parts of a further alternative air solar collector unit. The air solar collector unit essentially corresponds to the exemplary embodiment in FIGS. 1 to 3, except for the individual parts illustrated. The air solar collector unit comprises adapter elements 112b made of a plastic foam which serve as insulating means and which are directly connected to an air guide unit 10b in the region of their air outlet 114b by means of a plug connection 116b are plugged for making a plug connection.

The adapter elements 112b have a flow deflection 118b and serve to guide air 50b from the air guidance unit 10b to a power utilization unit 14b. FIG. 7 shows a further exemplary embodiment with an air solar collector unit which is arranged on a flat roof. The air solar collector unit comprises a wedge-shaped base unit 122c. By the sub-assembly 122 c is an angle, in particular an air guide unit

10c to a central position of the sun, advantageously changed and the efficiency of the solar collector unit is increased.

A base body 124c of the subassembly 122c is made of polyurethane, the same material as the base body 76c, 78c of thermal insulation panels 32c, 34c of an insulation unit 12c mounted on the base body 124c. Alternatively, the main body 124c and the insulating unit 12c can be made in one piece, whereby material and assembly costs can be reduced. An energy recovery unit 14c having a heat exchanger 42c, a heat pump 44c, a refrigeration unit 46c, and a power generation unit 48c is also disposed on the flat roof.

28. 08. 07

reference numeral

10 Air duct unit 56 Roof front side

12 Insulating unit 58 Roof ridge

14 energy recovery unit 60 positive locking element 62 positive locking element

16 outer surface 64 fasteners

18 cover layer 66 screw

20 Air duct 68 Angle profile

22 connecting duct 70 roof beam

24 flow direction 72 foil

26 floor area 74 film

28 recess 76 main body o r \ channel I ö main body

32 Thermal insulation panel 80 Thermal insulation panel

34 thermal insulation board 82 front side

36 Fastening element 84 Building wall

38 Air duct 86 Building floor

40 angle 88 control and Regelein

42 heat exchanger unit

44 heat pump 90 shielding agent

46 Refrigeration unit 92 Shielding agent

48 Unit 94 Earth storage

50 air 96 insulating element

52 floor 98 skylight unit

54 Roof edge 100 insulation unit 102 channel 114 air outlet

104 channel 116 plug connection

106 Channel system 118 Flow deflection

108 channel 120 heating channel

110 Partition wall 122 Substructure unit

112 adapter element 124 basic body

Claims

28.08.07Ansprüche

1. Air solar collector unit with an air guide unit (10) and an insulating unit (12).

2. Air solar collector unit according to claim 1, characterized by an energy recovery unit (14).

3. Air solar collector unit according to one of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that the air guide unit (10) forms an outer surface (16).

4. Air solar collector unit according to one of the preceding

Claims, characterized in that the air guide unit (10) has a transparent cover layer (18).

5. Air solar collector unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air guide unit (10) has a plurality of air ducts (20).

6. air solar collector unit at least according to claim 5, characterized in that the air ducts (20) are connected at least in the assembled state via at least one connecting channel (22).

7. Air solar collector unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the connecting channel (22) in the flow direction (24) has a changing cross-sectional area.

8. Air solar collector unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air guide unit (10) in its bottom region (26) has at least one recess (28) for discharging warmed up air (50).

9. air solar collector unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air guide unit (10) is made at least for the most part of plastic.

10. Air solar collector unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air guide unit (10) in the assembled state is fixedly connected to the insulating unit (12).

11. Air solar collector unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the air guide unit (10) and the insulating unit (12) in the mounted state at least one channel (30) is arranged for water removal.

12. Air solar collector unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating unit (12) has at least one heat-insulating panel (32, 34) with at least one fastening element (36).

is provided.

13. Air solar collector unit according to claim 12, characterized in that the fastening element (36) is at least partially embedded in the thermal insulation panel (32, 34).

14. Air solar collector unit at least according to claim 10 and claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the air guide unit (10) is fastened in the mounted state on the fastening element (36).

15. Air solar collector unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating unit (12) has at least one air duct (38).

16, air solar collector unit according to claim 15, characterized in that the Luftfϋhrungskanal (38) in a heat insulating plate (34, 80) of the insulating unit (12) introduced and / or is formed on the thermal insulation board.

17. Air solar collector unit according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the air duct (38) includes an angle (40) not equal to zero to an upper side of a heat insulating plate (34, 80) of the insulating unit (12).

18. Air solar collector unit at least according to claim 2, characterized in that the energy recovery unit (14) has at least one heat exchanger (42) and / or at least one heat pump (44).

19. Air solar collector unit at least according to claim 2, characterized in that the energy recovery unit (14) comprises at least one heating channel (120).

20. Air solar collector unit at least according to claim 2, characterized in that the energy recovery unit (14) has at least one unit (48) for generating electricity.

21. Air solar collector unit at least according to claim 2, characterized in that the energy recovery unit (14) has at least one refrigeration unit (46).

22. Air solar collector unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one adapter element (112) which is provided for coupling with the air guide unit (10) in the region of the air outlet (114).

23. Air solar collector unit according to claim 22, characterized in that the adapter element (112) has a plug connection (116) for producing a plug connection with the air guide unit (10).

24. Air solar collector unit according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the adapter element (112) has at least one Strömungsumlen- kung (118).

25. Air solar collector unit according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a substructure unit (122) which has a decreasing in at least one direction height.

26. Air solar collector unit according to claim 25, characterized in that the substructure unit (122) is wedge-shaped.

27. Air solar collector unit according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the sub-assembly (122) has a base body (124) which is at least partially formed from an insulating material.