WO2008036001A1 - Procédé pour obtenir une image de développement d'une surface latérale d'un objet déformé ayant une forme proche de la forme cylindrique - Google Patents

Procédé pour obtenir une image de développement d'une surface latérale d'un objet déformé ayant une forme proche de la forme cylindrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008036001A1
WO2008036001A1 PCT/RU2007/000494 RU2007000494W WO2008036001A1 WO 2008036001 A1 WO2008036001 A1 WO 2008036001A1 RU 2007000494 W RU2007000494 W RU 2007000494W WO 2008036001 A1 WO2008036001 A1 WO 2008036001A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frame
image
fragment
border
calculated
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Application number
PCT/RU2007/000494
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English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Sergei Ivanovich Rudenko
Original Assignee
Obscestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostiu 'specializirovannyi Delovoi Centr Po Informacionnoi Bezopasnosti Is Specialnym Tehnicheskim Sredstvam'
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Application filed by Obscestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostiu 'specializirovannyi Delovoi Centr Po Informacionnoi Bezopasnosti Is Specialnym Tehnicheskim Sredstvam' filed Critical Obscestvo S Ogranichennoi Otvetstvennostiu 'specializirovannyi Delovoi Centr Po Informacionnoi Bezopasnosti Is Specialnym Tehnicheskim Sredstvam'
Publication of WO2008036001A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008036001A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/0002—Inspection of images, e.g. flaw detection
    • G06T7/0004—Industrial image inspection
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2207/00—Indexing scheme for image analysis or image enhancement
    • G06T2207/30—Subject of image; Context of image processing
    • G06T2207/30108—Industrial image inspection
    • G06T2207/30164—Workpiece; Machine component

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of digital television microscopy and can be used to automate the processes of detailed inspection of objects in industry, including for quality control.
  • the known method is quite time-consuming and unproductive, since the microscope gives a sharp image of only a small fragment of the cylindrical surface of the bullet, and viewing the entire surface of the bullets and searching for identical microtracks on them requires a lot of time and an extremely high qualification of an expert.
  • the first method is that the surface of an object uniformly rotating around its axis is projected by the optical system through a slotted “shutter” (or its analogue) onto a photodetector. Moreover, in at each moment of time, a narrow fragment of the cylindrical surface is detected, determined by the parameters of the projecting optical system and the width of the slit "shutter” and not much different from the plane and, as a result of sequential fixing of these fragments, a full scan is displayed.
  • the development of these methods is associated with the development of photodetectors and the use of modern digital technologies.
  • the photodetector is a uniformly moving film or photographic plate, the speed of which is synchronized with the speed of the image in the focal plane (Museum installations "Scan” and “RF-4", NIIST Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation).
  • the photodetector - CCD - is a ruler whose signal is digitized synchronously with the rotation of the object and stored in columns in a computer memory (Installation of ACSP "Volunteer", NIIST, Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation).
  • a common drawback of devices that implement these methods is the low resolution (for example, for ACS “Volunteer” - 25 microns), which gives only a general picture of the surface of the bullet, while particular features are important for effective examination - microcracks with a width of about 5 microns.
  • the low resolution is due to the lack of the ability to provide a very accurate angular step (in ACSP “Volunteer” the wave reducer of a stepper motor provides only 1600 steps per revolution).
  • slit scanners have another significant drawback - when recording a deformed object, as a result of differences in the current radius of the surface point and the mandatory constancy of the angular step, there is a different scale of the surface areas of the object.
  • a method of obtaining an image of a portion of the scanning of small arms bullets consists in that a camera with a CCD matrix, using a focusing system projecting a light bar onto an object, sequentially removes surface fragments, digitizes the resulting images using an ADC and records it in a computer memory with the possibility of subsequent (manual) synthesis of a full-scan part.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the inability to obtain undistorted sweeps of deformed bullets, since during rotation, the current radius of the surface point changes (for the fragment to be removed - the radius of the surface point on the optical axis) and there is a turn of the removed surface relative to the normal to the axis of the lens.
  • the image synthesis is performed manually, which requires considerable time and attention of the operator and, as a result, leads to errors during prolonged operation.
  • the studied object When performing the recording procedure, the studied object is first positioned in its original position, and before shooting each frame, the object is rotated by a constant, precisely reproduced angle. Then, the camera is focused using the autofocus system and the defocusing value determined by the vertical shift of the light bar calculates the current radius of the object and the width of the fragment that is involved in the subsequent synthesis of the scan image.
  • the disadvantage of this method is the inability to record surface areas of objects onto which the focus beam does not fall due to severe deformation, as well as the presence of unfocused areas within the frames. Disclosure of invention
  • the technical result of the invention is to improve the quality and reliability of removing information from cylindrical objects by recording images from cylindrical objects, regardless of the degree their deformation (with the exception of completely torn parts of the object).
  • This result is achieved through the use of the method of focusing on the object in the image and the methods of correlation analysis in the "stitching" of frames to form a scan.
  • the use of the method of focusing on an object using only a focusing beam showed that when recording a sufficiently large number of deformed bullets, namely such bullets in most cases come to experts from crime scenes, it does not allow to obtain a fully focused image over the entire frame area.
  • This fact is explained by the fact that the deformation occurs along all three axes of the orthogonal coordinate system, has an unpredictable character and is individual in each case. In this case, there may be cases where the focusing beam is not visible at all on separate frames due to the protruding parts of the object, blocking the path of the beam when it propagates from the illuminator to the scanned part of the
  • the main one is the analysis of individual (selected) image sections of each frame.
  • the process of obtaining a fully focused image frame is iterative in nature, because due to the design features of the device, the depth of field of the projecting optical system, in the General case, does not allow to obtain a fully focused image over the entire area of the frame from a single exposure.
  • the initial state is when any part of the image is focused.
  • the transition of the focusing system to this state can be carried out in two ways: -automatically focusing on the subject by the focusing beam, -in case there is no focusing beam on the received frame, by the operator in manual focusing on the subject.
  • the boundary position of the optical system with respect to the object is determined by the dynamics of changes in the average difference in brightness values of each image pixel with neighboring pixels Rjj, where i is the column number, j is the row number.
  • the width of the sweep fragment of the side surface of the bullets is significantly less than the total frame width. So, for example, for the Makapov pistol bullets, for a rotation angle of 7.2 degrees, the fragment width is about 150 pixels, while modern CCD matrices allow you to get frames with a width of 500 pixels or more. Thus, adjacent frames when recording a sweep have overlapping areas.
  • the boundary of the first frame in the first scan belt is taken according to theoretical calculation, and when determining the fragment boundary in each subsequent frame, a reference vector is formed, calculated on the basis of the image column, corresponding to the right border of the previous frame and an array of vectors from the image columns of the current frame bordering the calculated left the border. Produce sequential comparison of the reference vector with each vector from the generated array and the maximum correlation coefficient determine the column in the current frame corresponding to the column of the right border of the previous fragment. Thus, the left border of the current frame will be the column following the calculated one.
  • FIG. 1 shows a General view of the device; in FIG. 2 a and b - optical arrangement of structural elements; in FIG. 3 a and b - image of the scan part of the deformed bullet.
  • the device device that implements the proposed method and the sequence of actions performed during its operation.
  • the device contains the following nodes: a unit of illuminators 1, an object holder 2, longitudinal scanning mechanisms 3 of turning 4 of an object and a focusing slide 5, an autofocus system 6, a television camera with a CCD matrix 7, an ADC and a computer.
  • the object holder in the proposed device is made in the form of a removable assembly and consists of a rotary table with a gear coupling half and a spring-loaded clip with a freely rotating centering gear crown, with a corrugation applied to the mounting surface of the table, and a centering hole provided for coupling with the axis of rotation of the object in the coupling half.
  • Four-phase stepper motors with a rotation angle of 1.8 degrees per step are used as drives.
  • the focusing and vertical movement cameras are equipped with helical translational movement mechanisms. All drives and illuminators are computer-controlled. It also receives information from the CCD matrix through an analog-to-digital converter (ADC).
  • ADC analog-to-digital converter
  • the sweep is recorded in the following sequence.
  • the carriages are automatically set to the initial position according to the state of the optical sensors of coarse and precise positioning with an accuracy of about 6 ⁇ m.
  • the initial position means the constant installation of a rotary table for a given device at a known distance from the camera, verified when setting up according to a special standard. Suppose it corresponds to a caliber of 8.00 mm. Then turn on the autofocus system. An image of the light bar appears on the object and, accordingly, on the CCD matrix. By analyzing its vertical displacement, the computer determines the amount of defocusing
  • the autofocus procedure described above is performed.
  • the next step is to calculate the width (along the arc) of the fragment to be recorded in the computer memory.
  • the bullet radius changes from step to step, while the rotation angle ⁇ is constant.
  • FIG. 3 shows the location of the cylindrical 1 and the deformed ellipsoidal 2 bullets relative to the camera.
  • the rotation of the removed surface by an angle ⁇ leads to the fact that the actual length of the fragment is where ⁇ is the angle of the fragment surface from the normal NN, while the number of recorded columns is determined by formula (1) for an undeformed surface of radius r.
  • the inclined versatile illumination of the object compares favorably with the ring used in the IBIS system described above, and due to the length of the areal light sources, which are the LED arrays.
  • the areal light sources which are the LED arrays.
  • glare on the edges of microcracks is less affected and the risk of non-reproduction of certain parts due to their shading is reduced, which occurs when illuminated by narrowly directed light beams during the visual examination of a bullet under a microscope.
  • switching of low-inertia sources in contrast to incandescent lamps, occurs in very short periods of time, and this, given that several hundred frames need to be taken to record the entire surface, significantly increases the performance of the device.
  • the table After recording the captured frames in the computer memory, the table is rotated with the bullet through the angle ⁇ , reproduced with high accuracy, and the cycle repeats. After scanning each subsequent frame, the width and borders of the fragment participating in the construction of the scan are calculated using the boundary correction algorithm described above and the fragment “fits” into the scan.
  • the camera 3 Upon completion of a complete revolution, the camera 3 is moved along the axis of the bullet along the axis of the bullet and a new circular belt is removed. The number of belts is determined by the type of bullet and the length of its cylindrical part, on which the forensic investigator is interested in the route.
  • the proposed method for obtaining reamers of bullets and shells was carried out in the Kondop device developed by the applicant enterprise. Its main parameters: bullet caliber 5 - 12 mm, the length of the shot area along the bullet axis 1 - 20 mm, the maximum registration time for one object is 5 minutes, the resolution on the object is 3.5 microns, the device works with an IBM PC type computer and laser or inkjet printers for hard copies.
  • the device allows you to receive, record, view on the screen with a different magnification a scan of the surface of the bullet, as well as conduct a comparative analysis of the images of two bullets at the same time. Its resolution allows you to identify the finest structures on the surface of the object, ensuring its identification.
  • FIG. 3 An illustration of the advantages of the proposed method over the known ones is shown in FIG. 3, where a is the image of the scan part of the deformed bullet obtained using similar methods, b is the image of the same part of the bullet obtained on the Kondop scanner using the proposed method.
  • the scan image shows the presence of unfocused regions 1 and 2 and “bulk” 3 in the upper part, which are absent in the image in the lower part of the figure.
  • Electronic digital image recording opens up new possibilities for its storage, processing, measurement automation, transmission over existing communication channels and creates the prerequisites for the organization of modern bulletproof magazines with automated search and identification of objects.
  • This method has shown the possibility obtaining high-quality, fully focused images of sweeps of the side surfaces of bullets with strong deformations and received high marks when used by expert ballists in their practical work.
  • This method can be used to build digital three-dimensional models of objects with a shape close to cylindrical and automation of quality control in the production of such objects.
  • the invention has been used in a specialized ballistic scanner designed to record images of the side surfaces of fired bullets and form databases of machine guns in order to ensure ballistic examination.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention appartient au domaine de la microscopie télévisuelle numérique et peut s'utiliser pour l'automatisation de processus d'inspection détaillée d'objets en industrie, notamment pour le contrôle qualité. L'invention permet d'augmenter la qualité et la fiabilité de lecture d'informations à la surface d'objets cylindriques indépendamment de leur degré de déformation; selon l'invention, un procédé connu pour obtenir une image du développement de surface de l'objet déformé est complété par une analyse de zones choisies de l'image de chaque séquence, par la détermination du rayon de l'objet dans chaque point de l'objet et par le calcul de la largeur du fragment de la séquence qui participe à la synthèse du développement ainsi que de sa position initiale en fonction de la position du système de mise au point, et, si nécessaire, par la correction des limites du développement.
PCT/RU2007/000494 2006-09-19 2007-09-14 Procédé pour obtenir une image de développement d'une surface latérale d'un objet déformé ayant une forme proche de la forme cylindrique WO2008036001A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2006133567/09A RU2317583C1 (ru) 2006-09-19 2006-09-19 Способ получения изображения развертки боковой поверхности деформированного объекта, имеющего форму, близкую к цилиндрической
RU2006133567 2006-09-19

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WO2008036001A1 true WO2008036001A1 (fr) 2008-03-27

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19512575A1 (de) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 Bodenseewerk Geraetetech Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen von Gegenständen
RU2155378C1 (ru) * 1999-01-26 2000-08-27 Дереновский Михаил Ефимович Способ получения изображения развертки поверхности деформированных цилиндрических объектов
WO2002054339A1 (fr) * 2001-01-05 2002-07-11 Immunivest Corporation Dispositifs et procedes de mise en images d'objets

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19512575A1 (de) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 Bodenseewerk Geraetetech Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen von Gegenständen
RU2155378C1 (ru) * 1999-01-26 2000-08-27 Дереновский Михаил Ефимович Способ получения изображения развертки поверхности деформированных цилиндрических объектов
WO2002054339A1 (fr) * 2001-01-05 2002-07-11 Immunivest Corporation Dispositifs et procedes de mise en images d'objets

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