WO2008032969A1 - Tricycle - Google Patents

Tricycle Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008032969A1
WO2008032969A1 PCT/KR2007/004376 KR2007004376W WO2008032969A1 WO 2008032969 A1 WO2008032969 A1 WO 2008032969A1 KR 2007004376 W KR2007004376 W KR 2007004376W WO 2008032969 A1 WO2008032969 A1 WO 2008032969A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pair
trike
disposed
frame
bracket
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2007/004376
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jin Man Choi
Original Assignee
Jin Man Choi
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020070083618A external-priority patent/KR100892571B1/ko
Application filed by Jin Man Choi filed Critical Jin Man Choi
Publication of WO2008032969A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008032969A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62KCYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K5/00Cycles with handlebars, equipped with three or more main road wheels
    • B62K5/02Tricycles
    • B62K5/05Tricycles characterised by a single rear wheel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62KCYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K3/00Bicycles
    • B62K3/005Recumbent-type bicycles

Definitions

  • the document relates to a trike, and more particularly, to a trike which allows a user to make a pair of front wheels at the front to change directions by moving the center of weight to the left and the right and move forward by rotating the rear wheel, which is easily foldable, and which can be easily converted into a manual trike designed to be driven with both hands and both feet.
  • a conventional apparatus for generating power by using a human body includes a trike.
  • a conventional bicycle changes directions by hand and generates a driving force by foot.
  • the present invention has been made in an effort to solve the aforementioned conventional problem and provide a trike, which can be easily folded and unfolded, and allows the rider to make a pair of front wheels change directions by shifting the centre of weight and move forward by rotating the rear wheel.
  • An aspect of this document is to provide a trike, characterizied in that: dropouts are formed on the rear lower end of a rear frame to rotatably secure a rear wheel with a known free gear attached thereto, hinge holes are disposed on the front lower end of the rear frame and hinged to a hinge hole disposed on the rear lower end of a central frame such that a bracket can be folded and unfolded by folding holders placed at an upper side, a steering bar is disposed at the front lower end of a central frame and rotatably secured to a steering bar bracekt of a front wheel axle, a front frame insert is disposed on the front upper end to insert and fix a front frame, a steering bracket is disposed at the front lower side to secure steering rods to the bottom and balancing devices to the center, a pedal crank bracket is disposed on the front end of the front frame to rotatably secure a known pedal crank and a handle bracket is disposed upward from the center to secure the handle, king pin brackets are disposed
  • the trike further comprises a pair of handle support bars and a pair of driving rods, by which the trike can be converted into a lever type hand & feet bike by connecting the pedals and the handle support bars by the driving rods.
  • the trike further comprises a known handle crank portion, by which the trike can be converted into a hand & feet bicycle of a handle crank type by connecting the pedal crank and the handle crank.
  • the trike can be used as a hand & feet bicycle of a lever type on which the user rids in an upright bicycle manner by inserting a known saddle post to the upper side of the rear frame and coupling a known general bicycle saddle to the upper end.
  • the trike according to the present invention can be easily folded and unfolded, can be easily converted into a manual trike, and reduces the idle rotation of the wheels when going up a hill because a rear wheel drive system is employed.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a trike according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the rear frame of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the central frame of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the front frame of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the front wheel axle of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the nuckle arm of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a steering rod of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the balancing device holder of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an operational diagram of a method for folding a trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a side view of a hand & foot lever-type trike acccording to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a side view of a hand & foot handle crank-type trike according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a hand & foot upright bicycle type trike according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a trike according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of a trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the rear frame of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the central frame of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the front frame of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the front wheel axle of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the nuckle arm of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a steering rod of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the balancing device holder of the trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is an operational diagram of a method for folding a trike according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a side view of a hand & foot lever-type trike acccording to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a side view of a hand & foot handle crank-type trike according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a hand & foot upright bicycle type trike according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the trike broadly comprises a rear frame 110, a central frame 120, a front frame 130, a front wheel axle 140, a handle 132, a pair of balancing devices 143, a balancing device holder 144, a pair of steering rods 150, a pair of knuckle arms 160, a pair of pedals 170, a crank gear 171 , a pair of idle gears 175, an idle gear shaft 175a, a pair of chains 172, a pair of front wheels 180, a rear wheel 181, and a saddle 190 with a backrest and a bottom portion separated from each other.
  • dropouts 112 are formed on the rear lower ends of a known chain stay 113 such that the rear wheel 181 with a known free gear 176 attached thereto is rotatably secured by a wheel shaft 182, a bracket 114 having hinge holes 114a is disposed on the front lower end of the chain stay 113 to be hinged by the idle gear shaft 175a to a bracket 123 having a hinge hole 123a disposed on the rear lower end of the central frame 120 such that it can be folded and unfolded by folding holders 121 of the central frame 120, and saddle brackets 111 with a plurality of saddle fixing holes I l ia perforated thereon are transversely disposed on the front upper side so that the backrest portion of the saddle 190 can be fixed by screw spikes or the like by a known method.
  • a bracket 123 having hinge holes 123a hingeable to the rear frame 110 is disposed on the rear lower end of a straight member and a holding folder bracket 121a is disposed in a transverse direction on the rear side of the straight member and a trapezoidal member placed at an upper side, to thus secure, by a pair of folding holder securing bolts 122b, a pair of folding holders elastically supported by a pair of folding holder springs 122, so that the rear frame 110 can be fixed by the pair of folding holders 121 by pushing the pair of folding holders 121 forward and folding and unfolding them downward, a steering bar 126 is extended forward at the front of a straight member placed at a lower side and a balancing device holder securing portion 129 made of a screw cut at both sides is disposed on the front end, a steering bar bracket 145 of a front wheel axle 140 is rotatably secured to the steering bar 126 and then is inserted into the balancing device
  • a known pedal crank bracket 133 is disposed on the front end of a straight member to rotatably secure the pair of known pedals 170, and the member is extended at a right angle upward from the center part to dispose a known handle bracket 131 and secure the known handle 132 at an proper angle by a known method.
  • king pin brackets 141 are vertically disposed at both left and right sides of a straight member and a steering bar bracket is horizontally disposed at the center in a back-and-forth direction, and a pair of balancing device brackets 142 is disposed at the bottom of both sides, respectively, by welding or the like.
  • the handle 132 an appropriate one is selected from known bicycle handles and used, and secured to the handle bracket 131 at an proper angle.
  • balancing devices 143 known shock absorbers containing an elastic member is used, and one end and the other end of each are hingeably secured to the balancing device bracket 142 of the front wheel axle 140 and to the steering bracket 128 and the balancing device securing holes 128b of the balancing device holder 144, respectively, by balancing device securing bolts 143a.
  • a balancing device holder securing hole 144a capable of serving as a key groove is perforated at the center of the upper side of a T-shaped member, and a pair of balancing device securing holes 144b is perforated at both sides of the underside.
  • a pair of known ball joints 151 is secured and disposed at both ends, respectively, and one end and the other end of each are secured to the steering rod securing holes 128a of teh steering bracket 128 and to a plurlaity of ball joint securing holes 161 performed on the pair of knuckle arms 160, respectively, by a known method.
  • a pair of known ball joints 151 is secured and disposed at both ends, respectively, and one end and the other end of each are secured to the steering rod securing holes 128a of teh steering bracket 128 and to a plurlaity of ball joint securing holes 161 performed on the pair of knuckle arms 160, respectively, by a known method.
  • a king pin 162 is vertically formed upwrad from the front end of a fan-shaped board, a plurality of ball joint securing holes 161 is perforated on the rear of the nuckle arm 160, a wheel shaft securing hole 163 is longitudinally perforated on a member laterally attached under the center part, a wheel shaft fixing bolt hole 164 is perforated at a right angle at the center part thereof, and the king pin 162 is rotatably secured to the king pin bracket 141 of the front wheel axle 140 by a king pin nut 162a.
  • crank gear 171 is fixed to one side of the pair of known pedals 170 so as to be opposite to both opposite ends of a crank shaft 174, and rotatably secured to the pedal crank bracket 133 of the front frame 130.
  • the pair of idle gears 175 are fixed such that two sheets may have a proper interval like a double chain gear, and rotatably secured to one side of the idle gear shaft 175a.
  • One of the pair of chains 172 is connected to the crank gear 171 at the front and one of the idle gears 175 to adjust the tensile force of the chain by a known tension gear 173 rotatably secured to the tension gear shaft 124, and the other thereof connects the other one of the idle gears 175 and the free gear 176 of the rear wheel 181.
  • the rear wheel 181 has the known free gear 176 attached thereto, and rotatably secured to the dropouts 112 by the wheel shaft 182.
  • Each of the pair of front wheels 180 is rotatably secrued to parts of the wheel shaft
  • teh wheel shaft 182 and the other parts of teh wheel shaft 182 are inserted into the wheel shaft securing hole 163 and fixed to the wheel shaft fixing bolt hole 164 by a bolt.
  • the saddle 190 is divided into a backrest portion and a bottom portion.
  • the backrest portion and the bottom portion are fixed to the rear frame and the saddle fixing holes 11 Ia of the saddle brackets 111 of the central frame 120.
  • the folding holders 121 elastically supported by the holding folder spring 122 are loosened to pull the rear frame 110 back and fold it, and the known front frame fixing bolt 126b secured to the front frame fixing bracket 126 is loosened to seperate the front frame 130 or put it back further, thereby reducing the volume.
  • the handle 132 can be folded as well.
  • the trike further comprises a pair of handle support bars 211 with known handles 210 attached thereto, respectively, and a pair of driving rods 220 with a pair of ball joints 221 secured to both opposite ends.
  • a pair of known handle support bar brackets 213 is disposed at the left and right on the upper end of an upward member of a front frame 230.
  • the handle support bars 211 having a handle support bar securing hole 212 are hingeably secured to the center part.
  • the ball joint 221 at one end of the pair of driving rods 220 is secured to the lower ends of the handle support bars 211, respectively, by a known method, and the ball joint 221 with no bolt is secured to the other end thereof.
  • the respective ball joints are secured to a known pedal shaft.
  • the trike moves forward by rotating a rear wheel 281 with both feet.
  • a detailed structure and operation method of the trike will be omitted because the present invnetion is the same as a method for driving a limb- driven automatic steering bicycle in the previous application (No. 10-2005-0023426) of the present inventor.
  • a pair of known hand bicycle handles 310 with a known handle crank gear 311 attahced to one side is rotatably coupled to a known handle crank bracket 313 disposed on the upper end of an upward member of a front frame, and a chain 312 is further included and connected to the handle crank gear 311 and one of a pair of crank gears 371 of a double chain type.
  • the trike moves forward by rotating a rear wheel 381 with both feet.
  • a detailed structure and operation method of the trike will be omitted because the present invnetion is the same as a method for driving a hand & feet-driven bicycle in the previous application (No. 10-2005-0084463) of the present inventor.
  • a user uses the trike in a general upright bicycle method although the driving method is the same as that of the second embodiment.
  • a known general bicycle saddle 490 is secured to a known saddle post 491 and inserted and fixed to an upright member of a rear frame
  • the trike further comprises a pair of handle support bars 411 with known handles 410 attached thereto, respectively, and a pair of driving rods 420 with a pair of ball joints 421 secured to both opposite ends.
  • a pair of known handle support bar brackets 413 is disposed at the left and right on the upper end of an upward member of a front frame 430.
  • the ball joint 421 at one end of the pair of driving rods 420 is secured to the lower ends of the handle support bars 411, respectively, by a known method, and the ball joint 421 with no bolt is secured to the other end thereof.
  • the respective ball joints are secured to a known pedal shaft.
  • the trike further comprises a known brake and a parking brake device which has a brake mounted at the handle and wheel portions and connects them by a cable for braking operation.
  • a known brake and a parking brake device which has a brake mounted at the handle and wheel portions and connects them by a cable for braking operation.
  • the trike further comprises a known transmission on the pedal crank gear and the wheels.
  • the trike comprises: a rear frame; a central frame hinged to the rear frame; a front frame inserted into the front end of the central frame, and having a steering bar; a handle formed on the front frame; a front wheel axle rotatably secured to the steering bar; a pair of balancing devices secured to the central frame and the front wheel axle; a pair of knuckle arms secured to both sides of the front wheel axle; a pair of steering rods connecting a steering bracket and the knuckle arms; a pair of pedals rotatably secured to the front frame; a crank gear fixed to one of the pedals; an idle gear shaft for connecting the rear frame and the central frame; an idle gear attached to the idle gear shaft; a pair of front wheels formed on the knuckle arms; a rear wheel formed on the rear frame; and a pair of chains for transmitting power to the rear wheel via the crank gear and the idle gear, wherein the steering rods steers by moving the knuckle arms according to
  • a bracket is disposed on the rear lower end and a holding folder bracket is disposed on the rear side to dispose a pair of folding holders, a steering bar is extended forward at the front of a lower side and a balancing device holder securing portion is disposed on the front end, a steering bar bracket of a front wheel axle is secured to the steering bar and then a balancing device holder is inserted into a balancing device holder secruing hole and fixed to a balancing device holder securing portion by a balancing device holder securing nut, a front frame insert is disposed on the front upper end so as to insert the front frame, fix the same at an appropriate length, and attach a tension gear shaft to a front lateral side, a steering bracekt having a plurality of steering rod securing holes and a plurality of balancing device securing holes is fixedly disposed under the front lower side, and saddle brackets are attached to the upside so that the saddle can be fixed.
  • a pedal crank bracket is disposed on the front end to rotatably secure the pair of pedals, and a handle bracket is disposed upward from the center part to secure the handle at an proper angle for use.
  • king pin brackets are disposed at both left and right sides and a steering bar bracket is disposed at the center in a back-and- forth direction, and a pair of balancing device brackets is disposed at the bottom of both sides.
  • a balancing device holder securing hole is perforated at the center of the upper side, and a pair of balancing device securing holes is perforated at both sides of the underside.
  • a king pin is formed upwrad from the front end, a plurality of ball joint securing holes is perforated on the rear of the nuckle arm, an axle shaft securing hole is longitudinally perforated at a lower side of the center part, an axle shaft fixing bolt hole is perforated at the center thereof, and the king pin is secured to a king pin bracket of the front wheel axle.
  • the trike further comprises a pair of handle support bars with known handles attached thereto and a pair of driving rods, and as the handles are moved back and forth with both hands, the trike moves forward by rotating a rear wheel with both feet in a hand & feet bicycle manner.
  • a pair of hand bicycle handles is coupled to a handle crank bracket disposed on a front frame, and a chain is further included, and as the handles are rotated, the trike moves forward by rotating a rear wheel with both feet in a hand & feet bicycle manner.
  • the trike further comprises a saddle secured to a saddle post, a pair of handle support bars with known handles attached thereto, and a pair of driving rods, and as the handles are moved back and forth with both hands, the trike moves forward by rotating a rear wheel with both feet in an upright hand & feet bicycle manner.
  • the trike further comprises a known brake and a parking brake device which has a brake mounted at the handle and wheel portions and connects them by a cable for braking operation.
  • the trike further comprises a known transmission on the pedal crank gear and the wheels.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
  • Automatic Cycles, And Cycles In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un tricycle, plus particulièrement un tricycle permettant à son utilisateur de changer la direction des deux roues avant par déplacement du centre de gravité vers la gauche et vers la droite, et de les faire se déplacer vers l'avant par rotation de la roue arrière. Le tricycle selon l'invention est facilement pliable et il peut être aisément converti en tricycle manuel conçu pour être dirigé avec les deux mains et les deux pieds.
PCT/KR2007/004376 2006-09-11 2007-09-10 Tricycle WO2008032969A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2006-0087144 2006-09-11
KR20060087144 2006-09-11
KR10-2007-0083618 2007-08-20
KR1020070083618A KR100892571B1 (ko) 2006-09-11 2007-08-20 삼륜 자전거

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008032969A1 true WO2008032969A1 (fr) 2008-03-20

Family

ID=39183978

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/KR2007/004376 WO2008032969A1 (fr) 2006-09-11 2007-09-10 Tricycle

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2008032969A1 (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1982908A1 (fr) * 2007-04-03 2008-10-22 Kraiß, Martin Vélo doté d'un entraînement de bras et de jambe
EP2075183A1 (fr) * 2007-12-24 2009-07-01 Heinz Schulze-Eyssing Tricycle pliable pour handicapé
US8128111B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2012-03-06 Zike, Llc Scooter and pedal drive assembly
WO2014198969A1 (fr) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-18 Trillo Pérez Tomás Véhicule à actionnement combiné avec les pieds et les mains
US9114848B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2015-08-25 Zike, Llc Pedal-drive system for manually propelling multi-wheeled cycles
EP3112245A1 (fr) * 2015-06-30 2017-01-04 Balson AG Appareil d'entraînement pour le renforcement corporel
RU2703917C2 (ru) * 2016-08-30 2019-10-22 Виктор Михайлович Зубанков Самокат для очень маленьких детей

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4541647A (en) * 1983-09-06 1985-09-17 Braun Norman L Recumbent bicycle
JPH11310186A (ja) * 1998-04-25 1999-11-09 Yoshijiro Matsui 両手駆動機構を有する自転車
US6378882B1 (en) * 2001-02-01 2002-04-30 John Devine Human-powered exercise cycle
KR20050040655A (ko) * 2003-10-28 2005-05-03 최진만 자전거

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4541647A (en) * 1983-09-06 1985-09-17 Braun Norman L Recumbent bicycle
JPH11310186A (ja) * 1998-04-25 1999-11-09 Yoshijiro Matsui 両手駆動機構を有する自転車
US6378882B1 (en) * 2001-02-01 2002-04-30 John Devine Human-powered exercise cycle
KR20050040655A (ko) * 2003-10-28 2005-05-03 최진만 자전거

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1982908A1 (fr) * 2007-04-03 2008-10-22 Kraiß, Martin Vélo doté d'un entraînement de bras et de jambe
EP2075183A1 (fr) * 2007-12-24 2009-07-01 Heinz Schulze-Eyssing Tricycle pliable pour handicapé
US8128111B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2012-03-06 Zike, Llc Scooter and pedal drive assembly
US9114848B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2015-08-25 Zike, Llc Pedal-drive system for manually propelling multi-wheeled cycles
WO2014198969A1 (fr) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-18 Trillo Pérez Tomás Véhicule à actionnement combiné avec les pieds et les mains
EP3112245A1 (fr) * 2015-06-30 2017-01-04 Balson AG Appareil d'entraînement pour le renforcement corporel
RU2703917C2 (ru) * 2016-08-30 2019-10-22 Виктор Михайлович Зубанков Самокат для очень маленьких детей

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7229089B2 (en) Folding bicycle
WO2008032969A1 (fr) Tricycle
US7976046B2 (en) Lean to steer recumbent vehicle
US6152473A (en) Folding collapsible baby tricycle
KR101781716B1 (ko) 일반적으로 자전거에 적용 가능한 타원형 구동 기구 및 스티어링 기구에 도입된 개량품
EP2371668A1 (fr) Cycles transformables, par exemple en chariot de courses, et châssis pour de tels cycles
CN108778918B (zh) 折叠椭圆自行车
US20050001404A1 (en) Folding bicycle apparatus and method
WO2004067352A1 (fr) Voiture d'enfant convertible commande par l'usager
IL169079A (en) Folding bicycles
US7048289B2 (en) Human-powered vehicle
US5342074A (en) Dual recumbent vehicle
US7121567B1 (en) Bicycle having front and rear rotative wheel frames with actuatable means for engaging and disengaging the rear wheel frame rotation
CA2549435A1 (fr) Equipement pour bicyclette
WO2007032629A1 (fr) Velo pliant entraine par les mains et les jambes
KR100892571B1 (ko) 삼륜 자전거
JPH08290791A (ja) 折りたたみ二輪車
KR20100134340A (ko) 구동 유닛을 갖는 삼륜차
KR20080000002A (ko) 리컴번트 자전거
CN201291969Y (zh) 手提箱式两轮折叠车
KR100636544B1 (ko) 사지구동 자동조향자전거
EP1638835B1 (fr) Methode et appareil formant une bicyclette pliable
JP3236258U (ja) 前輪駆動折り畳み式自転車
EP1630089A1 (fr) Trottinette
KR20070121192A (ko) 삼륜 자전거

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 07808168

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 07808168

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1