WO2008031039A2 - Enregistrement audio/vidéo et encodage - Google Patents

Enregistrement audio/vidéo et encodage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008031039A2
WO2008031039A2 PCT/US2007/077893 US2007077893W WO2008031039A2 WO 2008031039 A2 WO2008031039 A2 WO 2008031039A2 US 2007077893 W US2007077893 W US 2007077893W WO 2008031039 A2 WO2008031039 A2 WO 2008031039A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
video
signal
signal elements
audio
elements
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PCT/US2007/077893
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English (en)
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WO2008031039A3 (fr
Inventor
David G. Siracusa
Michael J. Vaites
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Taylor Nelson Sofres Plc
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Publication of WO2008031039A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008031039A2/fr
Publication of WO2008031039A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008031039A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/40—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using video transcoding, i.e. partial or full decoding of a coded input stream followed by re-encoding of the decoded output stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/42—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
    • H04N19/423—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation characterised by memory arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/42—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation
    • H04N19/436—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation using parallelised computational arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/61—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding in combination with predictive coding

Definitions

  • Audio/Video (AV) conversion Decoding and encoding from one AV format to another AV format is also known as re-coding.
  • aspects of the invention provide audio and video re-coding apparatuses, methods of video re-coding and a storage medium storing a computer program, that when executed, perform video re-coding.
  • AV content often needs to be converted from one format to another format. This may be done to reduce size and thereby minimize transmission time, for example via a LAN, WAN, the Internet or wireless transmission, or to best utilize capabilities of the receiving client machine.
  • Conversion requires decoders to decipher the underlying format in which the content is encoded.
  • a decoder family may be provided, the family including a number of unique decoders where each decoder is mated to an underlying format.
  • Conversion also requires encoders, to re-code the content into the desired format. Encoders work in a generally similar way to decoders, however in reverse because they encode (generate) the respective format rather than decode (digest) it. It is generally known that decoding can be performed in real-time during playback of
  • real-time playback means that the resulting (e.g. displayed) AV content does not pause or skip while playing.
  • encoding AV content takes far longer than decoding; this is known as asymmetric behavior. The reason why encoding takes longer is that achieving a high-level of compression coupled with best quality takes significant time and computer resources to perform.
  • Audio-video responsiveness may be related to the network quality of service between the consumer and the supplier.
  • Re-coding is usually performed to reduce AV content size in order to increase responsiveness.
  • Responsiveness may also be negatively affected if the supplier is currently satisfying a re-coding request, as computer resources at the supplier side may be temporarily unavailable or may be highly taxed thereby detrimentally affecting the effectiveness of the re-coding system for other current or pending requests.
  • AV content in a second format is shown in Figure 1.
  • AV content (program stream) 1 is inputted into a demuxer 2 where it is split into elemental audio and video streams.
  • the elemental video stream, which is encoded in a first video format, is then inputted into a video decoder 3 and is decoded into an intermediate video format (not shown) by the video decoder 3.
  • This intermediate video format is supplied as an input to a video encoder 4 which generates a new elemental stream by encoding the input into a second video format.
  • the elemental audio stream encoded in a first audio format, is inputted into an audio decoder 5 which decodes it into an intermediate audio format (not shown).
  • An audio encoder 6 receives the intermediate audio format as an input and then generates a new elemental stream in a second audio format by encoding this input.
  • a muxer 7 combines the new elemental audio stream and the new elemental video stream into new AV content 8 having the second format.
  • a video re-coding apparatus for converting a first video signal encoded in a first format into a second video signal encoded in a second format, each said video signal comprising a series of video-signal elements
  • the apparatus comprising: a receiver for receiving the first video signal; a first storage configured to store a plurality of successive video-signal elements of the received first video signal as first-signal elements; a plurality of video decoders, each associated with said first storage configured to receive therefrom such first-signal elements stored therein, and each being operable to decode its received first-signal elements to produce corresponding intermediate video-signal elements having a format different from each of said first and second formats, wherein said plurality of video decoders is arranged such that any two or more of said video decoders are operable to carry out respective decoding in a time-overlapping manner so as to produce said intermediate video-signal elements in parallel; a second storage configured to receive the intermediate video-signal elements produced
  • a highly distributed non-linear re-coder is provided.
  • This re-coder is, in various embodiments, able to use a highly distributed combination of audio/video decoders and encoders in a unique framework to allow configured to highly concurrent operations.
  • a transmitter configured to transmit the second video signal based on the stored second-signal elements is provided.
  • some of said first signal elements reference others of said first signal elements and wherein one or more of said video decoders are arranged to receive and decode the first signal elements in an order determined based on the references between the first signal elements.
  • the first signal elements are arranged in groups, and at least one of the first signal elements within one of the groups references a signal element within another of the groups.
  • the apparatus (for example using a processor) is operable to perform a critical path analysis to determine the optimum order in which the frames are to be traversed, and hence decoded.
  • some of said intermediate signal elements relate to others of said intermediate signal elements and one or more of said video encoders are arranged to encode the intermediate signal elements stored in the second storage in an order determined based on the relationships between the intermediate signal elements.
  • the apparatus is operable to perform a critical path analysis to determine the order in which the frames are to be encoded.
  • at least one of said video encoders is operable, when carrying out encoding, to make a request to the said decoders for production of at least one specific further intermediate element in addition to the intermediate elements already stored in said second storage, and wherein an available one of the video decoders is caused, in response to such a request, to produce the requested at least one specific further intermediate element for the requesting video encoder to use for its video encoding.
  • the apparatus may be configured to be operable to convert said first video signal into a third video signal encoded in a third format different from each of said first and second formats, the apparatus further comprising: a further plurality of video encoders, each associated with said second storage configured to receive therefrom such intermediate elements stored therein, and each being operable to encode its received intermediate elements to produce corresponding third-signal elements having said third format, wherein said further plurality of video encoders is arranged such that any two or more of its said video encoders are operable to carry out respective encoding in a time-overlapping manner so as to produce said third-signal elements in parallel; a fourth storage configured to receive the third-signal elements produced by the further plurality of video encoders and storing them collectively; and a further transmitter configured to output the third video signal based on the stored third-signal elements.
  • the apparatus is configured to support the generation of multiple re-coded target formats in order to simultaneously satisfy varying client re-coding requests.
  • the apparatus comprises one or more processors, wherein each said video decoder and/or encoder is implemented as a processing thread on the or one said processor.
  • the apparatus may include a thread controller configured to create, on demand, processing threads to serve as such video decoders or encoders.
  • a video re-coding apparatus configured to convert a first video signal encoded in a first format into a second video signal encoded in a second format, each said video signal comprising a series of video- signal elements, wherein some of said video-signal elements in said first video signal reference others of said video signal elements in said first video signal, the apparatus comprising: a receiver configured to receive the first video signal; a first storage configured to store a plurality of successive video-signal elements of the received first video signal as first-signal elements; a video decoder, associated with said first storage configured to extract therefrom said first-signal elements stored therein, and operable to decode the first-signal elements to produce corresponding intermediate video-signal elements having a format different from each of said first and second formats, wherein said video decoder is operable to extract and decode the first-signal elements from the first storage in an order determined based on the references between the first-signal elements; a second storage configured to receive the intermediate video-
  • a transmitter configured to transmit the second video signal based on the stored second-signal elements is provided.
  • an audio re-coding apparatus for converting a first audio signal encoded in a first format into a second audio signal encoded in a second format, each said audio signal comprising a series of audio-signal elements
  • the apparatus comprising: a receiver configured to receive the first audio signal; a first storage configured to store a plurality of successive audio-signal elements of the received first audio signal as first-signal elements; a plurality of audio decoders, each associated with said first storage configured to receive therefrom such first- signal elements stored therein, and each being operable to decode its received first-signal elements to produce corresponding intermediate audio-signal elements having a format different from each of said first and second formats, wherein said plurality of audio decoders is arranged such that any two or more of said audio decoders are operable to carry out respective decoding in a time-overlapping manner so as to produce said intermediate audio-signal elements in parallel; a second storage configured to receive the intermediate audio-signal elements produced by
  • Embodiments of the audio re-coding apparatus analogous to those of the video re- coding apparatus of the first aspect may be provided.
  • an audio-video re- coding apparatus configured to convert a first audio-video signal encoded in a first format into a second audio-video signal encoded in a second format
  • the apparatus comprising: a splitter configured to split the first audio-video signal into a first video signal and a first audio signal; a first video storage configured to store a plurality of successive video-signal elements of the first video signal as first video-signal elements; a plurality of video decoders, each associated with said first video storage configured to receive therefrom such first video-signal elements stored therein, and each being operable to decode its received first video-signal elements to produce corresponding intermediate video-signal elements having a format different from each of said first and second formats, wherein said plurality of video decoders is arranged such that any two or more of said video decoders are operable to carry out respective decoding in a time- overlapping manner so as to produce said intermediate video-signal elements in parallel; a second video
  • Embodiments of the apparatus analogous to those of the video re-coding apparatus of the first aspect and the audio re-coding apparatus of the third aspect may be provided and are contemplated within the scope of this disclosure.
  • a computer-readable storage medium comprising computer-readable instructions, that when executed, causes a computer to perform a video re-coding method configured to convert a first video signal encoded in a first format into a second video signal encoded in a second format, each said video signal comprising a series of video-signal elements, the method comprising steps of: storing a plurality of successive video-signal elements of the received first video signal as first-signal elements; decoding said first-signal elements to produce corresponding intermediate video- signal elements having a format different from each of said first and second formats, wherein at least two decoding processing threads are implemented to decode the first-signal elements in a time-shared manner; storing the intermediate video-signal elements produced by the at least two decoding processing threads; encoding said intermediate video-signal elements to produce corresponding second-signal elements having said second format, wherein at least two encoding processing threads are implemented to encode the intermediate video-signal elements in a time
  • Embodiments of the fifth aspect corresponding to the embodiments of the first aspect may be provided.
  • a video re-coding method for converting a first video signal encoded in a first format into a second video signal encoded in a second format, each said video signal comprising a series of video-signal elements, the method comprising steps of: storing a plurality of successive video-signal elements of the received first video signal as first-signal elements; decoding said first-signal elements to produce corresponding intermediate video-signal elements having a format different from each of said first and second formats, wherein at least two decoding processing threads are implemented to decode the first-signal elements in a time-shared manner; storing the intermediate video-signal elements produced by the at least two decoding processing threads; encoding said intermediate video-signal elements to produce corresponding second-signal elements having said second format, wherein at least two encoding processing threads are implemented to encode the intermediate video-signal elements in a time-shared manner; and storing the second- signal elements produced by the at least two processing threads.
  • Embodiments of the method corresponding functionally to the above described embodiments of the first aspect may be provided.
  • an audio-video re- coding method for converting a first audio-video signal encoded in a first format into a second audio-video signal encoded in a second format, the method comprising: splitting the first audio- video signal into a first video signal and a first audio signal; storing a plurality of successive video-signal elements of the first video signal as first video-signal elements; decoding the first video-signal elements to produce corresponding intermediate video-signal elements having a format different from each of said first and second formats, wherein said decoding is performed in a time-overlapping manner so as to produce said intermediate video-signal elements in parallel; storing the intermediate video-signal elements produced by the decoding collectively; encoding the intermediate video-signal elements to produce corresponding second video-signal elements having said second format, wherein encoding is performed in a time -overlapping manner so as to produce said second video-signal elements in parallel; storing the second video-signal elements produced by the encoding collective
  • Embodiments of the method analogous to those of the first, third and fourth aspects of the invention may be provided.
  • Embodiments of the method functionally analogous to those of the second aspect may be provided.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional re-coder implementation.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram of a group of pictures found in the MPEG format and may be viewed as to illustrate potential relationships between reference frames.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating how frames are selected from a set of group of pictures to optimally decode in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a highly distributed non-linear audio/video re-coder according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary processing of source material, in particular the splitting of a composite source stream into elemental video and audio streams.
  • FIG. 6a is a diagram that illustrates how an exemplary elemental video stream may be fed into a video frame queue.
  • FIG. 6b shows a plurality of exemplary decoders provided in parallel.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates how exemplary encoders may pull work items from a video frame queue.
  • FIG. 8 shows exemplary encoders working in parallel, en-queuing work items onto a muxer frame queue.
  • FIG. 9 shows an exemplary muxer de-queuing items from the muxer frame queue, and an exemplary content writer writing final content in the re-coded format.
  • FIG. 10a is an exemplary block diagram that identifies the major areas of a re-coding process as tasks.
  • FIG. 10b shows a high level task diagram that illustrates how optimal parallelization may occur between areas.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram that shows how an exemplary satellite encoder may be deployed.
  • the MPEG format organizes a set of video frames into groups called Group of Pictures (GOP).
  • GOPs within a GOP may consist of P frames which can reference previous I or P frames, or B frames which can reference the previous two I or P frames or future I or P frames.
  • a GOP can be open or closed, and this is indicated by a flag in the GOP header for informational purposes.
  • the B frames immediately after the first I frame can refer to the last I or P frames in the previous GOP.
  • the leading B frames after the I-frame refer strictly to that I-frame, and do not refer to the prior GOP.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates potential relationships among frames.
  • GOPS are decoded in an order to optimally traverse the frame references.
  • open GOPs among the GOPs 10 contain frames which reference frames in adjacent GOPs. GOPs are selected in optimal order to be processed; in other words, traversing between frames is performed in a manner so as to optimise the decoding process.
  • frames within different GOPs may be traversed without decoding each entire GOP.
  • critical path analysis is used to first determine a critical path; this critical path is determined by calculating the processing effort required for the frames in each sequence so as to determine the longest path, i.e. the limiting path.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a highly distributed non-linear audio/video re-coder according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the re-coder comprises a demuxer 102, a first video frame queue 103, a first audio frame queue 105, a set 107 of distributed video decoders 108, a set 109 of distributed audio decoders 110, a second video frame queue 111, a second audio frame queue 113, a set 115 of distributed video encoders 116, a set 117 of distributed audio encoders 118, a mux queue 119 and a muxer 121.
  • the distributed video encoders 116, distributed audio encoders 118, mux queue 119 and muxer 121 form an encoder cluster 123.
  • the demuxer 102 separates inputted A/V content (e.g. a program stream) into first elementary audio and video streams.
  • the queues 103, 105, 111, 113 provide a repository for uncompressed or compressed A/V data frames.
  • Each decoder 108, 110 is operable to decode the underlying first elementary video or audio format, as appropriate, into an intermediate, uncompressed format.
  • Each encoder 116, 118 is operable to encode audio or video, as appropriate, from the intermediate format into a second elementary audio or video format to be outputted.
  • decoders and encoders decoders and encoders available through ffmpeg (http://ffmpeg.mplayerhq.hu) may be used.
  • the muxer 121 is operable to combine the audio and video second elementary formats into a composite format.
  • AV content (physical file or program stream) 1 in a first format is split into elemental audio and video streams by the demuxer 102.
  • Video frames 104 obtained from the elemental video stream are placed into the first video frame queue 103.
  • Audio frames 106 obtained from the audio stream are placed into the first audio frame queue 105.
  • the first video frame queue 103 and the first audio frame queue 105 preferably act as highly available shared queues in order to facilitate non-linear re-coding.
  • the set 107 of distributed video decoders utilize an available video decoder 108 to process a said video frame 104 and to place the resulting decoded frame 112 into the second video frame queue 111.
  • the decoded frame 112 is in an intermediate video frame format known to all the video encoders
  • the set of distributed audio decoders 109 utilize an available audio decoder 110 to process a said audio frame 106 and to place the resulting decoded frame 114 into the second audio frame queue 113.
  • the decoded frame 114 is in an intermediate audio frame format known to all of the audio encoders 118 of the set 117 of audio encoders.
  • the set 115 of distributed video encoders utilize an available video encoder 116 to encode a said decoded video frame 112 from the intermediate format and to place the resulting encoded frame 120 into the mux queue 119.
  • the set 117 of distributed audio encoders utilize an available audio encoder 118 to encode a said decoded audio frame 114 from the intermediate format and to place the resulting encoded frame 120 into the mux queue 119.
  • the muxer 121 combines the audio and video mux frames 120 stored in the mux queue 119 and commits the results asynchronously to render destination AV content 122 (physical file or data stream) in the desired format.
  • the frames are pulled from the first and second video and audio frame queues 103, 105, 111 and 113 in an optimum order, preferably determined using critical path analysis.
  • potentially compressible frames are preferably decoded ahead of other frames, as the resulting highly relevant uncompressed frames are more likely to make the encoding process more efficient.
  • the distributed video encoders 116 and the distributed audio encoders 118 can request that additional frames be decoded by putting jobs into the first video frame queue 103 and the first audio frame queue 105, respectively, as shown by the arrows 24 and 25.
  • This provides increased data availability (look-ahead) in order to further improve compression.
  • frames which have not yet been decoded are required for the encoding in order to optimise the efficiency of the encoding process, these frames can be decoded on demand.
  • the required frames could be determined, for example, using critical path analysis.
  • the encoding is able to set the decoding order.
  • the audio and video Frames 104, 106, 112, 114 placed in the first and second audio and video queues 103, 105, 111, 113 are allowed to be processed out of order.
  • the job of re- coding can be performed in a more effective manner than with a conventional linear re-coding system.
  • the frames can be traversed for decoding and encoding in the most efficient manner.
  • Each encoder cluster 123 can then encode the AV content stored in the queues 110 and 113 into a different format. In this way, varying client transcoding requests from different client machines can be satisfied simultaneously.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows content being read by a reader 101 which feeds the data to the demuxer 102.
  • the reader 101 together with the other components, can be realised as a task implemented by a multi-core processor architecture, as described below.
  • the reader task can be performed in parallel and need only be performed fast enough to satisfy the demuxer and the other downstream tasks.
  • Figure 6a illustrates how the first elemental video stream is fed into the first video frame queue 103 and then to a decoder or decoders 108.
  • the video decoder or decoders 108 request frames 104 from the video frame queue 103.
  • the order in which the frames are decoded is controlled by the decoder(s).
  • the decoders 108 are able to optimise the order in which the queued frames are traversed, in accordance with the frame references, to thereby improve concurrency.
  • Figure 6b is similar to Figure 6a, but shows a number of decoders 108 provided in parallel in the set 107. Each of the decoders 108 may operate to pull frames 104 from the first video frame queue 103 in reference order.
  • Figure 7 illustrates the first video frame queue 103, the video decoder(s) 108, the second video frame queue 111 and the video encoder or encoders 116. It also shows a loop-back decoder request function from the encoder(s). This corresponds to the path 24 shown in Figure 4.
  • Plural video encoders 116 in the set 115, the mux frame queue 119 and the muxer 121 are shown in Figure 8.
  • encoding can be optimised by providing a plurality of encoders which operate in parallel.
  • Each encoder 116 is operable to process an uncompressed (intermediate format) frame 112 from the second video frame queue 111 and to send the resulting encoded frame 120 to the mux frame queue 119.
  • Figure 9 shows the muxer 121 de-queuing items, and a subsequent writer task writing the destination content.
  • the re-coding process may be realised by separate tasks which leverage the multiplicity of modern processors and multi-core processor architectures.
  • a block diagram identifying the major areas of the re-coding process is shown in Figure 10a.
  • the reading input/output task (Content reader) may be performed by a single thread.
  • the queues increase data concurrency and facilitate optimised event communications among cooperating parallel running tasks.
  • the demuxer 102 may run in the same thread as the I/O reader thus optimising streaming behaviour.
  • Decoding which is a computationally expensive task, is preferably performed in parallel.
  • encoding is preferably performed in parallel.
  • the decoding or encoding threads may be created on demand, for example by a processor, so as to provide an appropriate number of such threads.
  • the muxer 121 operations can be performed by one or more threads.
  • the writing input/output task may run in the same thread as the muxer.
  • communication concurrency is optimised by using event signalling between tasks.
  • Read/Demux and Mux/Write are separated.
  • Figure 10b shows tasks and optimised parallel trajectory.
  • FIG 11 shows two transcoding processes or machines, Process A and Process B.
  • Decoded data from transcoding Process A can be made available to the other transcoding process, Process B, for example via high-speed communications.
  • This is analogous to the provision of further encoder clusters 123 in Figure 4.
  • the AV content can be simultaneously encoded into two or more different formats to satisfy different client demands by providing two or more transcoding processes or machines.
  • embodiments of the invention can of course provide an audio re-coding apparatus solely for re-coding audio content or a video re-coding apparatus solely for re-coding video content.
  • embodiments of the invention could be implemented using a computer program.
  • any of the aspects of the invention relating to a method could be implemented using a computer program.
  • the program could be stored on a storage medium such as a known type of disk, memory etc.
  • each of claims 2 to 17 could depend on any combination of the preceding claims.
  • Claim 20 could depend on claim 18 or 19; claim 21 could depend on any of claims 18 to 20; claim 22 could depend on any of claims 18 to 21.
  • Claim 27 could depend on claim 25 or 26; claim 28 could depend on any of claims 25 to 27; claim 29 could depend on any of claims 25 to 28.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de recodage vidéo pour convertir un premier signal vidéo (1) encodé en un premier format en un second signal vidéo (122) encodé en un second format, chaque signal vidéo précité comprenant une série d'éléments de signal vidéo (n). Le procédé comprend les étapes consistant à : mémoriser une pluralité d'éléments de signal vidéo successifs du premier signal vidéo reçu en tant que premiers éléments de signal (104) ; décoder lesdits premiers éléments de signal (104) pour produire des éléments de signal vidéo intermédiaires correspondants (112) au format différent de chacun des premier et second formats précités, au moins deux unités d'exécution de traitement de décodage étant mises en œuvre pour décoder les premiers éléments de signal (104) d'une manière partagée dans le temps ; mémoriser les éléments de signal vidéo intermédiaires (112) produits par les deux unités d'exécution de traitement de décodage ; encoder les éléments de signal vidéo intermédiaires précités (112) pour produire des seconds éléments de signal correspondants (116) ayant le second format précité, au moins deux unités d'exécution de traitement d'encodage principales étant mises en œuvre pour encoder les éléments de signal vidéo intermédiaires d'une manière partagée dans le temps ; et mémoriser les seconds éléments de signal produits par les deux unités d'exécution de traitement.
PCT/US2007/077893 2006-09-08 2007-09-07 Enregistrement audio/vidéo et encodage WO2008031039A2 (fr)

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