WO2008030969A2 - Matériaux composites - Google Patents

Matériaux composites Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008030969A2
WO2008030969A2 PCT/US2007/077768 US2007077768W WO2008030969A2 WO 2008030969 A2 WO2008030969 A2 WO 2008030969A2 US 2007077768 W US2007077768 W US 2007077768W WO 2008030969 A2 WO2008030969 A2 WO 2008030969A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
meal
composite material
approximately
agricultural
polymeric matrix
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2007/077768
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2008030969A3 (fr
Inventor
Jeffrey Jacob Cernohous
Neil Robert Granlund
William L. Hickey
Original Assignee
Phillips Plastics Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Phillips Plastics Corporation filed Critical Phillips Plastics Corporation
Publication of WO2008030969A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008030969A2/fr
Publication of WO2008030969A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008030969A3/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/06—Polyethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L89/00—Compositions of proteins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L99/00—Compositions of natural macromolecular compounds or of derivatives thereof not provided for in groups C08L89/00 - C08L97/00

Definitions

  • Wood plastic composites have become increasingly popular over the years as a substitute for wood and plastic products. WPCs have a number of advantages over wood products. One of the primary benefits of WPCs is that they are much more resistant to weathering and rot than wood. This has made WPCs especially useful in outdoor applications such as decks, railings, and the like. WPCs typically require significantly less maintenance in the form of staining, cleaning, etc. than a comparable item made from wood.
  • WPCs also have a number of advantages over plastic.
  • WPCs tend to be more cost effective because the filler used in WPCs typically costs less than the plastic.
  • WPCs may also be foamed which makes them lighter and even less costly.
  • the physical properties of WPCs are often very different than the wood or plastic items that they replace.
  • WPCs may not be as strong as plastic or wood.
  • WPCs may tend to break when a tensile force is exerted on them when a material such as plastic would only be deformed.
  • the composite materials include a filler and a polymeric matrix that includes one or more polymeric materials.
  • the composite materials may be prepared by melt processing a mixture that includes the filler and the polymeric matrix.
  • the composite materials may be used in a wide variety of products such as decking, fences, shingles, telephone poles, automobiles, heavy equipment (e.g., agricultural equipment such as tractors and the like, military and civilian heavy equipment, etc.), lawn and garden equipment, and the like.
  • the filler refers to an organic or inorganic material that does not possess viscoelastic characteristics under the conditions utilized to melt process the melt processable composition.
  • the filler includes all of the materials in the composite material other than the one or more polymeric materials that make up the polymeric matrix. Due to the low cost of the filler relative to the polymeric matrix, it is usually desirable to include as much filler as possible in the composite material without compromising the desired physical and aesthetic properties of the finished product.
  • the filler may include a naturally-occurring cellulosic material.
  • the filler may include an agricultural material such as an agricultural by-product, agricultural meal, an oilseed by-product, and/or an oilseed meal.
  • the agricultural material may include at least approximately 20 wt% protein or desirably at least approximately 25 wt% protein.
  • the polymeric matrix may include any of a number of suitable polymeric materials.
  • the polymeric matrix may include any suitable melt processable polymeric material that allows the composite material to be prepared using melt-processing techniques.
  • the polymeric matrix may include one or more polyolefms such as polyethylene and/or polypropylene.
  • the composite materials may be made by melt processing a mixture that includes the filler and the polymeric matrix. Suitable melt processes that may be used to make the composite material include extrusion, injection molding, thermo forming, batch mixing, blow molding and rotomolding.
  • elongation value refers to the elongation at break measured according to ASTM D638 at a test rate of 5 inches/minute.
  • the composite materials include a filler and a polymeric matrix made up of one or more polymeric materials or resins.
  • the composite material may be prepared by extruding or otherwise melt processing a mixture that includes the filler and the polymeric matrix.
  • the filler may be at least substantially uniformly dispersed throughout the polymeric matrix in both the melt processable composition and the composite material. It should be appreciated, however, that the filler may also be concentrated in certain areas of the polymeric matrix as long as all or substantially all of the polymeric matrix includes some amount of filler.
  • the composite materials described herein may have a wide variety of uses.
  • the composite materials may be used in any suitable outdoor or indoor application.
  • the composite material may also be used to as a substitute for any existing wood or metal product. Due to the improved physical properties of the composite materials, they may also be used as a substitute for existing WPCs.
  • the composite materials may be used for decking, fencing, shingles, siding, posts, telephone poles, and the like.
  • the composite materials may also be used as a substitute for plastic components where conventional WPCs were not suitable.
  • conventional WPCs may not have been suitable to replace plastic components because conventional WPCs have undesirable physical properties such as a low elongation at break.
  • certain embodiments of the composite materials have a higher elongation at break that make the composite materials suitable to use in these applications.
  • the composite materials may have a higher amount of filler than other WPCs making the composite materials more economical relative to solid plastic or WPCs.
  • Composite materials may be used to replace plastic components in automotive parts and components, farming equipment such as tractors, heavy equipment such as earth working machinery and material handling equipment, as well as decking, fencing, siding, shingles, poles, railings, and so forth.
  • the filler refers to an organic or inorganic material that does not possess viscoelastic characteristics under the conditions utilized to melt process the melt processable composition.
  • the filler includes all of the materials in the composite material other than the one or more polymeric materials that make up the polymeric matrix.
  • the filler may include a naturally-occurring cellulosic material.
  • the filler may include an agricultural material. The filler may include approximately 85 wt% to 100 wt% agricultural material.
  • the filler may include at least approximately 85 wt% agricultural material, at least approximately 90 wt% agricultural material, or, desirably, at least approximately 95 wt% agricultural material, or, suitably, at least approximately 100 wt% agricultural material.
  • the agricultural material may include an agricultural by-product.
  • Agricultural byproducts are produced when agricultural materials such as corn are processed in a manner that produces a low value by-product.
  • oilseed by-products are produced from a low value by-product obtained when oil is extracted from oilseeds such as linseed, rapeseed, canola, soybeans, cottonseed, peanuts, sunflower seeds, safflower seeds, and the like.
  • oilseed by-products are produced from a low value by-product obtained when oil is extracted from oilseeds such as linseed, rapeseed, canola, soybeans, cottonseed, peanuts, sunflower seeds, safflower seeds, and the like.
  • oilseed meals such as rapeseed meal, canola meal (canola is a low erucic acid rapeseed (“LEAR"), low erucic acid rapeseed produces oil having no more than 2 wt% erucic acid content), linseed meal (or flaxseed meal), crambe meal, soybean meal, sunflower meal, safflower meal, peanut meal, cottonseed meal, and/or Northstar meal. Agricultural meals may also include non-oilseed meals such as oat meal, corn gluten meal, and the like. It should be appreciated that oilseed by-products and oilseed meals may encompass other by-products and meals that may not qualify as agricultural by-products or agricultural meals.
  • oilseed by-products and oilseed meals may encompass other by-products and meals that may not qualify as agricultural by-products or agricultural meals.
  • Additional agricultural by-products include grain by-products such as brewers grains, distillers grains, barley screenings, wheat middlings, oat hulls, wheat chaff, wheat straw, wheat bran, and the like; corn by-products such as corn gluten feed, shelled corn, ear corn, ground corn cobs, and the like; soybean by-products such as soybean hulls, soybean screenings, and the like; field peas; oat hulls screenings; potato wastes; sunflower hulls; beet pulp; malt sprouts; dehydrated alfalfa; flax; hemp; rice hulls; kenaf; jute; sisal; and/or peanut hulls.
  • grain by-products such as brewers grains, distillers grains, barley screenings, wheat middlings, oat hulls, wheat chaff, wheat straw, wheat bran, and the like
  • corn by-products such as corn gluten feed, shelled corn, ear corn, ground corn
  • the agricultural material may include canola meal, corn meal, linseed meal, soybean meal, oat hulls, malt sprouts, sunflower meal, barley screenings, soy hulls, dehydrated alfalfa, beet pulp, oat meal, wheat middlings, Northstar meal, and/or distillers' grains.
  • the agricultural material may include rapeseed meal, canola meal, linseed meal, soybean meal, sunflower meal, cottonseed meal, and/or safflower meal.
  • the agricultural material may include canola meal, linseed meal, soy hulls, and/or oat hulls.
  • Composite materials that include agricultural materials, especially agricultural meals, may have improved physical properties such a greater elongation value. These properties allow the composite materials to be used in applications where composite have been unsuitable in the past. Also, composite materials having higher levels of filler (compared to wood fiber composites) can be formed using the agricultural material. Thus, composite materials may be formed from agricultural waste streams that are high performance and low cost.
  • the agricultural material may include approximately 20 wt% to 60 wt% protein.
  • the agricultural material may include at least approximately 20 wt% protein, at least approximately 25 wt% protein, at least approximately 30 wt% protein, at least approximately 35 wt% protein, at least approximately 40 wt% protein, at least approximately 45 wt% protein, or at least approximately 50 wt% protein.
  • the filler may also include cellulosic materials other than agricultural materials.
  • these additional cellulosic materials are wood based materials having various aspect ratios, chemical compositions, densities, and physical characteristics. Examples of such cellulosic materials include wood flour, wood fibers, sawdust, wood shavings, newsprint, and/or paper. These cellulosic materials have been utilized in composite materials to impart specific physical characteristics or to reduce the cost of the finished product.
  • These cellulosic materials may be combined with the agricultural materials in the composite materials.
  • an agricultural material may be included in a composite material that already includes conventional cellulosic materials and a polymeric matrix to reduce melt defects and provide a smoother exterior surface.
  • non-cellulosic fillers may include minerals, inorganic material, and/or organic material such as talc, mica, clay, silica, alumina, carbon fiber, carbon black glass fiber may also be included.
  • additives may be included in the mixture that are useful in preparing the composite materials.
  • suitable additives include antioxidants, light stabilizers, inorganic or organic fibers, blowing agents, foaming additives, antiblocking agents, heat stabilizers, impact modifiers, biocides, compatibilizers, flame retardants, plasticizers, tackif ⁇ ers, colorants, processing aids, lubricants, coupling agents, and pigments.
  • the additives may be incorporated into the melt processable composition in the form of powders, pellets, granules, or in any other extrudable form.
  • the amount and type of additives in the melt processable composition may vary depending upon the composition of the polymeric matrix and the desired physical properties of the finished composite material.
  • the composite material may include any suitable amount of filler.
  • the amount of filler in the composite material may vary depending upon the polymeric matrix and the desired physical properties of the finished product. Due to the low cost of the filler relative to the polymeric matrix, it is usually desirable to use as much filler as possible while still achieving the desired physical properties in the finished product. Since the physical and aesthetic requirements for the final product can vary significantly, it follows that the amount of filler in the composite material can vary just as much.
  • the composite material may include approximately 5 wt% to 90 wt% filler, desirably, approximately 15 wt% to 80 wt% filler, or, suitably, approximately 25 wt% to 70 wt% filler.
  • the composite material may include at least approximately 15 wt% filler, at least approximately 20 wt% filler, at least approximately 25 wt% filler, at least approximately 30 wt% filler, at least approximately 35 wt% filler, at least approximately 40 wt% filler, at least approximately 45 wt% filler, at least approximately 50 wt% filler, at least approximately 55 wt% filler, desirably, at least approximately 60 wt% filler, or, suitably, at least approximately 70 wt% filler.
  • the composite material may also include approximately 3 wt% to 35 wt% protein, or, desirably, approximately 5 wt% to 30 wt% protein.
  • the composite material may include at least approximately 2 wt% protein, at least approximately 3 wt% protein, at least approximately 5 wt% protein, at least approximately 7 wt% protein, at least approximately 10 wt% protein, at least approximately 12 wt% protein, desirably, at least approximately 15 wt% protein, or, suitably, at least approximately 20 wt% protein.
  • the filler may be provided in various forms depending on the specific polymeric matrices and requirements of the finished product.
  • the filler may be provided as one component that includes all of the material that does not possess viscoelastic characteristics under the conditions utilized to melt process.
  • each component of the filler may be provided separately. Either way, the filler may be in the form of a pellet, powder, fiber, spheres, granules, and so forth.
  • the polymeric matrix functions as the host polymer and is a primary component of the melt processable composition.
  • a wide variety of polymeric materials suitable for melt processing may be included in the polymeric matrix. Suitable polymeric materials may be either hydrocarbon or non-hydrocarbon polymers. Examples of polymeric materials include, but are not limited to, polyamides, polyimides, polyurethanes, polyolef ⁇ ns, polystyrenes, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyketones, polyureas, polyvinyl resins, polyacrylates and polymethylacrylates.
  • the polymeric matrix includes an olefm-based polymer.
  • Preferred polymeric materials matrices include, high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyolefm copolymers (e.g., ethylene-butene, ethylene-octene, ethylene vinyl alcohol), polystyrene, polystyrene copolymers (e.g., high impact polystyrene, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene copolymer), polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyesters, polyvinylchloride (PVC), fluoropolymers, Liquid Crystal Polymers, polyamides, polyether imides, polyphenylene sulfides, polysulfones, polyacetals, polycarbonates, polyphenylene oxides, polyurethanes, thermoplastic elastomers (e.g., SIS, SEBS, SBS), epoxies, alkyds,
  • the polymeric matrix includes polyolef ⁇ ns and/or thermoplastic elastomers. In another embodiment, the polymeric matrix includes polyethylene and/or polypropylene (e.g., HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, and so forth).
  • the composite materials may include approximately 20 wt% to 99 wt% polymeric matrix, approximately 30wt% to 90 wt% polymeric matrix, or, desirably approximately 40 wt% to 80 wt% polymeric matrix.
  • the composite materials may include at least approximately 20 wt% polymeric matrix, at least approximately 25 wt% polymeric matrix, at least approximately 30 wt% polymeric matrix, at least approximately 35 wt% polymeric matrix, at least approximately 40 wt% polymeric matrix, at least approximately 45 wt% polymeric matrix, at least approximately 50 wt% polymeric matrix, at least approximately 55 wt% polymeric matrix, at least approximately 60 wt% polymeric matrix, at least approximately 65 wt% polymeric matrix, at least approximately 70 wt% polymeric matrix, at least approximately 75 wt% polymeric matrix, or at least approximately 80 wt% polymeric matrix.
  • the composite materials may also be foamed to reduce the density of the finished product. Foaming the composite material may reduce the cost of the finished product since less raw material is used. Also, the finished product may be easier to handle since it is lighter, which may be a significant consideration in applications such as decking and fencing.
  • the composite materials may be prepared using any of a number of suitable melt processing techniques.
  • the composite materials may be made using melt processes such as extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, rotomolding and batch mixing.
  • the melt processable composition can be prepared in any of a variety of ways.
  • the polymeric matrix and the filler can be combined together using any of the blending techniques usually employed in the plastics industry.
  • the polymeric matrix and the filler may be mixed together using a compounding mill, a Banbury mixer, or a mixing extruder.
  • the melt processable composition is mixed until all of the filler and other additives are uniformly distributed throughout the polymeric matrix.
  • the filler and the polymeric matrix may be provided in any suitable form in the mixture.
  • the filler and the polymeric matrix may be provided as powders, pellets, or granules that are mixed together.
  • the mixing operation is typically carried out at a temperature above the melting point or softening point of the polymeric matrix.
  • the resulting melt processable composition can be either extruded directly into the form of the final product shape or pelletized or otherwise comminuted into a desired particulate size or size distribution and fed to an extruder, which is typically a single-screw extruder, that melt- processes the intermediate particulates to form the final composite material product.
  • melt-processing typically is performed at temperatures of 120° to 300° C, although optimum operating temperatures are selected depending upon the melting point; melt viscosity, and thermal stability of the composition.
  • Different types of melt processing equipment, such as extruders may be used to process the melt processable compositions of this invention.
  • Extruders suitable for use with the present invention are described, for example, by Rauwendaal, C, "Polymer Extrusion,” Hansen Publishers, p. 11 - 33, copyright 2001.
  • the composite materials may have a number of advantageous physical properties. For example the elongation value of the composite materials may be higher than that of conventional WPCs. The elongation value of the composite materials changes depending on the ratio of filler to polymeric matrix.
  • Composite materials that have a higher loading of polymeric material tend to have a higher elongation value than composite materials that have a higher loading of filler.
  • the following equation provides a good approximation of the correlation between elongation value and the amount of filler in the composite material.
  • elongation value (%) m *e ⁇ 0474*(the amount of flller in the composite mate ⁇ al (%))
  • the value of m in the preceding equation may be approximately 35 to 120, approximately 40 to 80, or approximately 45 to 55.
  • m may be at least approximately 35, at least approximately 37, at least approximately 40, at least approximately 43, at least approximately 45, at least approximately 47, at least approximately 48, at least approximately 49, at least approximately 50, at least approximately 52, at least approximately 54, at least approximately 60, at least approximately 80, at least approximately 100, or at least approximately 120.
  • the flexural modulus of the composite materials may be at least approximately 1000 MPa, at least approximately 1250 MPa, or at least approximately 1500 MPa.
  • the resulting strands were subsequently cooled in a water bath and pelletized into approximately 6.35 mm pellets.
  • the pellets were injection molded into test specimens following ASTM D638 (tensile) and ASTM D790 (flexural) specifications. Injection molding on composite formulations was performed using a 300-ton machine (commercially available from Engel Corporation, York, PA) having a barrel and nozzle temperature of 190 0 C. The flexural and tensile properties were subsequently tested as specified in the ASTM methods.
  • a stated range of 1 to 10 should be considered to include and provide support for claims that recite any and all subranges or individual values that are between and/or inclusive of the minimum value of 1 and the maximum value of 10; that is, all subranges beginning with a minimum value of 1 or more and ending with a maximum value of 10 or less (e.g., 5.5 to 10, 2.34 to 3.56, and so forth) or any values from 1 to 10 (e.g., 3, 5.8, 9.9994, and so forth).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne diverses compositions de matériaux composites, et leurs procédés de fabrication. Les matériaux composites peuvent comprendre diverses charges qui fournissent des propriétés mécaniques améliorées. Les charges qui peuvent être incluses dans les matériaux composites comprennent des matériaux cellulosiques d'origine naturelle, tels que des farines agricoles, et autres produits similaires. Selon un mode de réalisation, la charge peut avoir une teneur en protéine relativement élevée. Les matériaux composites peuvent être préparés en traitant par fusion la charge avec une matrice polymère.
PCT/US2007/077768 2006-09-07 2007-09-06 Matériaux composites WO2008030969A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US82487306P 2006-09-07 2006-09-07
US60/824,873 2006-09-07

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WO2008030969A2 true WO2008030969A2 (fr) 2008-03-13
WO2008030969A3 WO2008030969A3 (fr) 2008-04-24

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7829164B2 (en) * 2005-10-07 2010-11-09 Pirelli & C. S.P.A. Utility pole of thermoplastic composite material
DE102011117833A1 (de) * 2011-11-08 2013-05-08 Technische Universität Chemnitz Führungs- und Stützelemente für Zug- und Tragmittel in der Fördertechnik und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US8445032B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2013-05-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Melt-blended protein composition
US8524264B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2013-09-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Protein stabilized antimicrobial composition formed by melt processing
US8574628B2 (en) 2011-12-19 2013-11-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Natural, multiple release and re-use compositions
WO2014184273A1 (fr) * 2013-05-14 2014-11-20 Spc Sunflower Plastic Compound Gmbh Produit en biomatériau à base de coques ou cosses de graines de tournesol
US9149045B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2015-10-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Wipe coated with a botanical emulsion having antimicrobial properties
US9394444B2 (en) 2009-07-20 2016-07-19 Battelle Memorial Institute Methods of modifying agricultural co-products and products made therefrom
US9648874B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2017-05-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Natural, multiple use and re-use, user saturated wipes
US9832993B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2017-12-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Melt processed antimicrobial composition
US10821085B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2020-11-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Wipe coated with a botanical composition having antimicrobial properties
WO2022071799A1 (fr) * 2020-09-30 2022-04-07 Coda Intellectual Property B.V. Composite polymère comprenant de la farine de graines oléagineuses

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WO2006066041A1 (fr) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-22 Agri-Polymerix, Llc Biopolymere et ses procedes de fabrication

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US5710190A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-01-20 Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. Soy protein-based thermoplastic composition for foamed articles
US6323265B1 (en) * 1997-07-09 2001-11-27 Aventis Research & Technologies Gmbh & Co Kg Thermoplastic mixture containing 1,4-α-D-polyglucane, method for making the same and use thereof
US20030229160A1 (en) * 2002-04-18 2003-12-11 Lonza Inc. Non-wood fiber plastic composites
US20040040244A1 (en) * 2002-08-28 2004-03-04 Charles Baker Structure and method for interconnecting construction units made from composite materials
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WO2006066041A1 (fr) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-22 Agri-Polymerix, Llc Biopolymere et ses procedes de fabrication

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7829164B2 (en) * 2005-10-07 2010-11-09 Pirelli & C. S.P.A. Utility pole of thermoplastic composite material
US9394444B2 (en) 2009-07-20 2016-07-19 Battelle Memorial Institute Methods of modifying agricultural co-products and products made therefrom
US10208169B2 (en) 2009-07-20 2019-02-19 Battelle Memorial Institute Methods of modifying agricultural co-products
US10821085B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2020-11-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Wipe coated with a botanical composition having antimicrobial properties
US8445032B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2013-05-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Melt-blended protein composition
US8524264B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2013-09-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Protein stabilized antimicrobial composition formed by melt processing
US9832993B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2017-12-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Melt processed antimicrobial composition
US9149045B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2015-10-06 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Wipe coated with a botanical emulsion having antimicrobial properties
US9205152B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2015-12-08 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Melt-blended protein composition
US9271487B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2016-03-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Protein stabilized antimicrobial composition formed by melt processing
US9648874B2 (en) 2010-12-07 2017-05-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Natural, multiple use and re-use, user saturated wipes
DE102011117833B4 (de) * 2011-11-08 2015-12-31 Technische Universität Chemnitz Führungs- und Stützelemente für Zug- und Tragmittel in der Fördertechnik und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
DE102011117833A1 (de) * 2011-11-08 2013-05-08 Technische Universität Chemnitz Führungs- und Stützelemente für Zug- und Tragmittel in der Fördertechnik und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
US8574628B2 (en) 2011-12-19 2013-11-05 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Natural, multiple release and re-use compositions
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