WO2008029116A2 - Procédé de sculpture - Google Patents

Procédé de sculpture Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008029116A2
WO2008029116A2 PCT/GB2007/003328 GB2007003328W WO2008029116A2 WO 2008029116 A2 WO2008029116 A2 WO 2008029116A2 GB 2007003328 W GB2007003328 W GB 2007003328W WO 2008029116 A2 WO2008029116 A2 WO 2008029116A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
image data
data set
sculpture
sculpted
scanning
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2007/003328
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2008029116A3 (fr
Inventor
Martin Woolner
Samantha Spake
Original Assignee
University Of Plymouth
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University Of Plymouth filed Critical University Of Plymouth
Priority to EP07804134A priority Critical patent/EP2077950A2/fr
Publication of WO2008029116A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008029116A2/fr
Publication of WO2008029116A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008029116A3/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/42—Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine
    • G05B19/4202—Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine preparation of the programme medium using a drawing, a model
    • G05B19/4207—Recording and playback systems, i.e. in which the programme is recorded from a cycle of operations, e.g. the cycle of operations being manually controlled, after which this record is played back on the same machine preparation of the programme medium using a drawing, a model in which a model is traced or scanned and corresponding data recorded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
    • B44B1/00—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled three-dimensionally for making single sculptures or models
    • B44B1/006—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled three-dimensionally for making single sculptures or models using computer control means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR TOOLS FOR ARTISTIC WORK, e.g. FOR SCULPTURING, GUILLOCHING, CARVING, BRANDING, INLAYING
    • B44B1/00—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled three-dimensionally for making single sculptures or models
    • B44B1/02—Artist's machines or apparatus equipped with tools or work holders moving or able to be controlled three-dimensionally for making single sculptures or models wherein three-dimensional copies are made
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C3/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing ornamental structures
    • B44C3/06—Sculpturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
    • G05B19/4097—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by using design data to control NC machines, e.g. CAD/CAM
    • G05B19/4099—Surface or curve machining, making 3D objects, e.g. desktop manufacturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
    • G05B2219/35075—Display picture of scanned object together with picture of cad object, combine
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/37—Measurements
    • G05B2219/37558—Optical sensor, scanner

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to a method for preparing a three- dimensional replica of a subject or object, in particular a method for producing three dimensional sculptures.
  • a very well known technique for preparing the final work is by means of the lost wax casting process.
  • a wax replica is prepared and then encased in a mould.
  • the mould is heated to remove all traces of the wax and leave a cavity.
  • Molten metal is poured into the mould to fill the cavity left by the wax.
  • the mould is then removed to reveal the finished article in a rough cast form.
  • the article is then finished using suitable techniques.
  • GB 2 377 506 discloses an apparatus for reproducing a human head in three- dimensional form.
  • the replica is prepared by removing material from an oversize blank of thermoplastic material using a data set of coordinates of the surface of the subject's head.
  • US 5,736,201 is concerned with a process for making a replica of the head of a subject in the form of a doll's head.
  • the process comprises scanning the head of the subject with both a laser scanner and a video camera, to produce data signals containing contour information and colour information.
  • the countour signals are used to prepare a three-dimensional replica of the subject, after which the colour signals are used to colour the replica.
  • CN 1105035 C discloses a method for manufacturing three-dimensional metal statues.
  • the method comprises scanning the subject to obtain data on the shape and configuration of the subject.
  • the data thus obtained are input into a computer, which is then used to prepare an epoxy resin model.
  • a silicone elastomer mould is prepared from the resin model, which is in turn used to prepared a wax model.
  • the wax model is used in a lost wax casting process to prepare the final cast metal replica.
  • KR920008779B discloses a method of sculpting using a laser and an apparatus for the same.
  • the method comprises taking an image of the subject and storing the image data in a memory. A portion, but not all, of the image data are scanned and used to generate a carved object.
  • FR 2855959 is concerned with a method for creating an item of so-called personal equipment, in particular a prosthesis for use by a person.
  • the method comprises scanning the limb or portion of the person to be fitted with the prosthesis.
  • the image data are modified, in particular to take into account the surfaces of the limb or portion of the person that are to provide support.
  • the prosthesis is then formed using the modified data set.
  • the method of FR 285595959 necessarily provides a finished object that is, at least in part, has opposing surfaces to the scanned limb or body portion. Thus, the method cannot generate a replica of a scanned object.
  • WO 2004/077185 describes a method for producing an article, in which an object is scanned to provide a set of image data, and converting the scanned data into surface data representing surface characteristics of the model, from which instruction data for a computer-controlled machine tool are generated. Thereafter, execution of the instruction data is simulated to generate a representation of the reproduction of the article as will be produced. The results of the simulation may be used to improve the quality of the reproduction.
  • US 5,184,306 is concerned with a method of reproducing three dimensional objects, in particular for use in dental applications.
  • the method comprises acquiring a set of image data of the subject and constructing a three-dimensional computer-based model of the subject. This model is superimposed on ideal geometry data which are stored on the computer. The ideal geometry data are then modified in light of the three-dimensional image , data and then used to prepare the final object.
  • a method for the preparation of sculpted objects comprising the steps:
  • the method of the present invention employs scanning technology to provide an image data set of the object to be reproduced. This ensures that the reproduction is accurate.
  • the data set is modified as required, as described hereinafter, in order to produce the completed sculpture.
  • the method may be used to prepare a range of reproductions or sculptured objects, in particular statues of people and/or animals, busts and cameos.
  • the method may employ any suitable scanning technique in order to obtain an image data set of the object being reproduced.
  • the image data set will contain data of the object in three dimensions, in turn allowing a three- dimensional reproduction to be produced. Accordingly, the scanning technique employed must be one that provides a three-dimensional data set.
  • Suitable scanning techniques are known in the art and suitable scanning systems are commercially available. Preferred scanning systems include 3D non-contact laser scanners/digitisers, for example the Konica Minolta Vi910, commercially available from Konica Minolta Sensing Europe B.V.
  • the scanning step is conducted to obtain an image data set of at least a portion of the object being sculpted and, in some embodiments, a complete image data set.
  • the object is preferably scanned a plurality of times, in particular at least three times, more preferably at least six times and the image data set compiled from the data obtained from each scan.
  • Each scan will typically last from 1 to 5 seconds, more particularly about 2.5 seconds.
  • the scanning step of the method may be carried out to generate an image data set for the entire object.
  • the reference to the image data set being for the entire object is to be taken to mean all the image data necessary to prepare the desired sculpture.
  • the image data will be of the entire object.
  • the data set may be obtained for just a portion of the object required in order to prepare the desired sculpture. The reasons for this are as follows.
  • the object is to only have a portion of its surface scanned, it is preferable to assess the object before the scanning stage, in order to determine the nature of the features of the object and the detail thereof.
  • the threshold value of the level of detail to be tolerated is set by the RP system, in particular the resolution to which the system can operate, the materials being used and the length of time to be taken in preparing a reproduction from the image data set.
  • the higher the resolution of the image data set, that is the higher the level of detail the longer the RP system will take in translating the image data into an object.
  • the detail threshold will be set by the length of time to allocated to the RP system for preparing the replica.
  • the present invention in this embodiment, elects to have the scanning system operate at its highest resolution and omit those features that have too much detail for subsequent sculpting using the image data set. Portions of the object surface have a sufficiently low amount of detail, for example a face, clothing or the like, are imaged at the high resolution to provide a partial image data set of the object. It will thus be appreciated that the present invention defines the portions of the object to be scanned by the nature of the surface features, rather than by adjusting the sensitivity or resolution of the scanner, as is relied upon in the prior art.
  • the resulting partial image data set is modified to include image data for the omitted portions of the object.
  • Software available to manipulate and modify an image data set in this manner is well known and commercially available in the art and. includes various computer aided design (CAD) packages and reverse engineering software packages, which allow a user to add features to an image. Examples of suitable commercially available software packages include GeomagicTM, commercially available from Interplex Ltd., and Magics
  • the omitted portions of the image data set may be added by hand or automatically, in order to create a modified image data set of the entire object to be reproduced.
  • the entire surface of the object to be sculpted is scanned and an image date set of the complete object obtained. Again, this will be carried out using the scanner at a high level of resolution, that is to capture a high level of detail.
  • the image data set is then modified to identify those portions of the image data set that exceed a threshold detail level determined by the subsequent processes to be undertaken.
  • the image data set is then modified to bring the detail level of the entire image to below the threshold value.
  • Software available to manipulate and modify an image data set in this manner is well known and commercially available in the art and includes various CAD packages and reverse engineering software packages, as aforementioned, which allow a user to modify features in an image. In this way, the level of detail of the image data set may be altered by hand or automatically, in order to create a modified image data set of the entire object to be reproduced.
  • the image data set is adjusted according to a threshold for detail that is determined by the subsequent processing techniques to be employed, such as RP, as described hereinbefore.
  • the image data may be altered to remove unwanted features or alter features according to the sculptor's or subject's wishes. For example, blemishes and marks on a person's skin may be removed, as desired.
  • the scale of the image data may be adjusted, in particular to increase or decrease the scale of the object to be prepared from the image data set. In many cases, for example in the case of the sculpting of an animal or person, in particular a full figure or a bust, the finished sculpture will be required to be considerably smaller than life-size. This will reduce both the size and weight of the completed sculpture, for example, a replica at half scale having only one eighth the volume and material of the full-size object.
  • the image data set may be modified to change the ratio of the sizes of the image in each dimension.
  • the image data set is modified to reduce the scale of the image in one dimension.
  • the image data set may be modified to reduce the image along the z axis, while retaining the size of the image in both the x and y axes.
  • a modified image data set may be prepared that can be used to prepare a replica in the form of a medal, medallion, plaque or cameo.
  • the image data file may be modified in this way without introducing major distortions to the overall image and the final appearance of the replica.
  • the image data set may be modified to adjust the scale of the image in one dimension or along one axis by a factor of from 0.1 to 0.5, for example 0.25, without the final replica being distorted.
  • the modified image data set is used in the subsequent processing, which creates a replica and finished sculpture according to the modified data set. This may be achieved in a variety of ways.
  • the modified image data set is used in the direct preparation of the final sculptured object.
  • the modified image data set may be used as the input to a computer controlled milling machine, lathe or the like.
  • the modified image data set is input into a rapid prototyping (RP) system.
  • Rapid prototyping is a modern technique, by which objects are constructed using the successive deposition of material in a solid freeform fabrication (often referred to as three- dimensional printing) according to a set of computer generated instructions.
  • the RP system deposits liquid or powdered material in successive layers in accordance with a set of profiles or contours communicated to it, in order to construct the completed article. Suitable RP systems are known in the art and are commercially available.
  • RP systems and techniques include stereolithography apparatus (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), fused deposition modeling (FDM), laminated object manufacturing (LOM), inkjet systems and three dimensional printing (3DP)
  • SLA stereolithography apparatus
  • SLS selective laser sintering
  • FDM fused deposition modeling
  • LOM laminated object manufacturing
  • 3DP three dimensional printing
  • the RP systems may be used to prepare or construct a reproduction using any suitable material, most specifically plastics, ceramics and metals. Suitable plastics include acrylonitrile butadiene styrenes (ABS), polycarbonates and polyphenyl sulphones.
  • ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrenes
  • the RP system may be employed to deposit a single material to construct the reproduction. Alternatively, two or more materials may be used.
  • a two-component system in which one component has a low melting point or is soluble in a suitable solvent and such component may be removed by suitable heating or dissolving in a solvent.
  • a reproduction may be prepared that is hollow, for example to reduce overall weight of the sculpture.
  • Suitable conversion of the modified image data file to a format readable by the RP system may be required.
  • many CAD and reverse engineering software systems are operable to output data files in STL format, which acts as an interface between a CAD system and an RP system.
  • STL format acts as an interface between a CAD system and an RP system.
  • Other suitable conversions and interfaces will be known to the person skilled in the art.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment in which the image data set is used directly in the preparation of the finished sculpture is in the preparation of a cameo.
  • the image data set is used directly in a process, such as milling or rapid prototyping to prepare a cameo. It has been found that cameos of a very high quality comparable to those prepared using conventional and traditional techniques may be prepared quickly and cheaply, by persons with little or no skill in the art of cameo making.
  • the image data set may be employed directly in the preparation of the completed sculpture, for example using the various RP techniques discussed hereinbefore.
  • the image data set is used to prepare a replica of the object being sculpted.
  • Such a replica may be prepared using the aforementioned techniques, in particular RP.
  • the replica is then used in a further process to prepare the completed sculpture. Suitable processes include vacuum forming and casting. Casting is a particularly preferred technique for preparing the completed sculpture.
  • the replica for example prepared using RP, is employed in a conventional lost wax casting process, in which the replica is used to prepare a wax replica, which is used in turn in the lost wax casting in known manner.
  • the replica prepared directly from the image data in particular using RP techniques, is employed directly in an analogous process, in which the replica is prepared from a low-melting point plastic, such as ABS, and replaces the wax replica in the lost wax process.
  • a 'lost material casting process' Such a process is referred to herein as a 'lost material casting process'.
  • the replica prepared directly from the image data set may be used as the form in a vacuum moulding process, in which the completed sculpture is prepared by vacuum forming a suitable material over the replica.
  • Suitable vacuum forming techniques will be known to the person skilled in the art.
  • CNC computer numerical control
  • the replica prepared from the image data set is used to prepare a die for the preparation of a medal or medallion or the like by striking.
  • a die is prepared from a suitable material to have a negative impression of the final desired form.
  • a blank medal, medallion or the like is then struck using the die, to leave the final form.
  • the replica produced in the present invention may be used, in turn to prepare a die.
  • the replica may be prepared having a negative form and used directly as a die itself.
  • Suitable systems and techniques for forming a die for striking a medal or medallion are known in the art and commercially available.
  • One suitable technique to prepare the die is computer aided milling.
  • the present invention provides a method for the preparation of sculpted objects, the method comprising the following steps:
  • step (b) scanning the object with the exception of the portions identified in step (a) to have detail above the predetermined threshold to provide an image data set
  • the present invention provides an image data set prepared as hereinbefore described, which is intended for use in the preparation of a completed sculpture, again as hereinbefore described. Accordingly, there is provided in this aspect, a method for preparing an image data set for use in the preparation of a sculpture of an object, the method comprising the steps of (a) scanning at least a portion of the object to be sculpted to prepare an image data set; and (b) modifying the image data set to provide a modified image data set in a form suitable for use in the preparation of a sculpture of the object.
  • the problem of the image data set have a level of detail or resolution exceeding that which is practicable or feasible to employ in the subsequent steps to prepare the replica and/or completed sculpture is overcome either by scanning only a portion of the object and completing the image data set by some other means or by scanning the entire object and modifying the image data set accordingly.
  • the problem may be overcome by preparing only a partial image data set of the object, using the partial image data set to prepare a particular partial sculpture of the object and completing the sculpture using another sculpting technique. Accordingly, in a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for the preparation of a sculpted object, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the object is scanned. Suitable scanning systems and techniques are as set out above.
  • the object to be sculpted is scanned only in those portions that have a level of detail that is below a predetermined threshold and allows the image data thus generated to be utilised in subsequent first sculpting processes.
  • the method comprising the step of assessing the object prior to being scanned, in order to identify the level of detail of the different portions of the object.
  • the portion scanned is then the portion selected to have a level of detail within the working range of resolution of the subsequent first sculpting technique.
  • the image data set may be modified prior to being used in the preparation of the partial sculpture, for example to correct or alter features of the image, or to adjust the scale of the image, as described hereinbefore.
  • Suitable software packages for the manipulation of the image data such as CAD packages and reverse engineering software packages, are well known in the art, as mentioned hereinbefore.
  • the image data set is used by a first sculpting technique to prepare a partial replica of the object.
  • Suitable first sculpting techniques include milling and the various rapid prototyping systems described hereinbefore. The operation of such techniques are dependent upon the detail level in the image data.
  • the second sculpting technique may be one of the aforementioned processes or systems, such as milling or RP, but operating from a different data set, such as a standard or independently programmed data set.
  • Other second sculpting techniques include finishing the sculpting by hand. This is particularly desirable in the preparation of cameos, which have traditionally been prepared by hand.
  • the full sculpted object may be the completed sculpture, prepared for example by a combination of RP and hand finishing.
  • the full sculpted object may be used in further processing, such as casting, in order to prepare the completed sculpture.
  • Suitable casting processes are as hereinbefore described.
  • a particularly preferred casting process is the lost material casting process, using the replica prepared using RP.
  • the methods of the present invention may be applied to prepare a single finished article, in particular a sculpted article or replica.
  • the present invention may be used to prepare two or more final articles which are subsequently combined to create a larger, finished object or sculpture.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are described in relation to the production of three dimensional sculptures and cameos of human heads and animals. However, it is to be understood that the invention applies to the production of three dimensional sculptures and cameos of any number of objects.
  • the image data set is supplied to a computer 10 programmed with suitable CAD software or a reverse engineering software package to modify the image data set. Again, modification of the image data set will be described below with reference to Figure 2.
  • the full replicas 110, 116 and 122 produced in the three alternative method embodiments shown in Figure 2 may be the final, completed sculpture. Alternatively, they may be employed in a casting process, in particular a lost material casting procedure, to prepare a cast completed sculpture, or in a moulding process to produce a final moulded article. In this way, a single product or multiple products may be prepared from the full replicas 110, 116 and 122, as indicated in Figure 2.
  • Applications for the process include, but are not limited to, the sculpting of human heads to provide three dimensional portraits, and providing replicas of animals, such as dogs, cats and horses.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé pour la préparation d'objets sculptés comprenant les étapes consistant à : (a) balayer au moins une partie de l'objet devant être sculpté pour préparer un ensemble de données d'image; (b) modifier l'ensemble de données d'image; et (c) préparer une sculpture complète en utilisant l'ensemble des données d'image modifiées. Le procédé comprend de préférence les étapes consistant à (a) évaluer un objet devant être sculpté et identifier des parties de l'objet avec un niveau de détail supérieur à un seuil prédéterminé; (b) balayer l'objet à l'exception des parties identifiées dans l'étape (a) pour avoir un niveau de détail au-dessus du seuil prédéterminé pour fournir un ensemble de données d'image; (c) modifier l'ensemble de données d'image pour inclure des données relatives aux parties omises, pour fournir un ensemble de données d'image complet pour l'objet; et préparer une sculpture complète en utilisant l'ensemble des données modifiées. Dans une variante de procédé, la sculpture est préparée par les étapes consistant à (a) balayer une partie d'un objet pour fournir un ensemble de données d'image; (b) préparer une sculpture partielle de la partie balayée de l'objet en utilisant l'ensemble des données d'image au moyen d'une première technique; et (c) préparer un objet totalement sculpté au moyen d'une seconde technique. Le procédé emploie de préférence un prototypage rapide pour convertir l'ensemble des données d'image en une réplique tridimensionnelle ou une sculpture finie.
PCT/GB2007/003328 2006-09-04 2007-09-04 Procédé de sculpture WO2008029116A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07804134A EP2077950A2 (fr) 2006-09-04 2007-09-04 Procédé de sculpture

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0617277A GB2441349B (en) 2006-09-04 2006-09-04 Method for sculpting
GB0617277.9 2006-09-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008029116A2 true WO2008029116A2 (fr) 2008-03-13
WO2008029116A3 WO2008029116A3 (fr) 2008-11-27

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GB (1) GB2441349B (fr)
WO (1) WO2008029116A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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RU2541945C1 (ru) * 2013-12-03 2015-02-20 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Ростр" Способ изготовления скульптур или их копий
EP3094431B1 (fr) 2014-01-17 2018-05-16 Otto Junker GmbH Procédé de production de sculptures en trois dimensions

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ES2306619B1 (es) * 2008-04-16 2009-11-30 Enrique Navarro Aviño Metodo para obtencion de esculturas artisticas de objetos.
ITPI20120093A1 (it) * 2012-08-09 2014-02-10 Leonardo Panettieri Procedimento per realizzare duplicati di un'opera pittorica originale
EP3102424A2 (fr) * 2014-02-06 2016-12-14 Leonardo Panettieri Machine et procédé permettant de produire des copies d'un objet présentant une surface tridimensionnelle décorative

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EP2077950A2 (fr) 2009-07-15

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