Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/0057—Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery
  • A61B2017/00292—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery mounted on or guided by flexible, e.g. catheter-like, means
  • A61B2017/003—Steerable
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery
  • A61B2017/00345—Micromachines, nanomachines, microsystems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B2017/00367—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like
  • A61B2017/00398—Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/0057—Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect
  • A61B2017/00575—Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect for closure at remote site, e.g. closing atrial septum defects
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/0057—Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect
  • A61B2017/00575—Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect for closure at remote site, e.g. closing atrial septum defects
  • A61B2017/00592—Elastic or resilient implements
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B17/0057—Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect
  • A61B2017/00575—Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect for closure at remote site, e.g. closing atrial septum defects
  • A61B2017/00606—Implements H-shaped in cross-section, i.e. with occluders on both sides of the opening
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B2017/00831—Material properties
  • A61B2017/00867—Material properties shape memory effect
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
  • A61B2017/00831—Material properties
  • A61B2017/00893—Material properties pharmaceutically effective

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates generally to medical devices and methods for use in cardiac applications; and more particularly to closure devices, system and methods for use with cardiac defects.
• the human heart is divided into four chambers. They are the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
• the right atrium and right ventricle are divided from the left atrium and left ventricle by a wall called the septum.
• the atrial septum separates the atria, and the ventricular septum separates the ventricles.
• blood flow through the chambers of the heart is directed through the cardiac valves.
• cardiac valves There exists a cardiac condition, however, in which blood can shunt from one chamber to another through the septum. This is generally referred to as a septal defect.
• ASDs atrial septal defects
• PFO patent foramen ovale
• a PFO results when tissues that were used during fetal development to provide a passage (the "foramen ovale") to shut blood from the right atria to the left atria, thereby bypassing the fetal lungs, fail to fuse shortly after birth. As a result, the foramen ovale remains potentially viable, or "patent.”
• the pressure in the right atrium can exceed that in the left atrium, allowing blood to shunt from the right to the left atrium through the PFO.
• the thrombotic debris e.g., a blood clot
• the left atrium where it can potentially cause a myocardial infarction or a stroke.
• Figure 1 illustrates a right lateral view of a heart with an opened right atrium.
• FIGS 2 A-2C illustrate an embodiment of a closure device according to the present disclosure.
• Figures 3A-3C illustrate an embodiment of a closure device according to the present disclosure.
• Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of a closure device according to the present disclosure.
• Figures 5A-5C illustrate an embodiment of a closure device according to the present disclosure.
• Figures 6A-6C illustrate an embodiment of a closure device according to the present disclosure.
• Figures 7A-7C illustrate an embodiment of a closure device according to the present disclosure.
• Figure 8 illustrates an embodiment of a system that includes a closure device according to the present disclosure.
• Figure 9 illustrates an embodiment of a system that includes a closure device according to the present disclosure.
• Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment of a system that includes a closure device according to the present disclosure.
• Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to closure devices, systems and methods for occluding (e.g., sealing) a septal defect.
• the closure devices, systems and methods of the present disclosure can be used in occluding an atrial septal defect, such as a patent foramen ovale (PFO).
• PFO patent foramen ovale
• the use of two or more of the closure devices of the present disclosure is also possible, where the devices can interact with each other in occluding a PFO.
• the closure devices, systems and methods of the present disclosure can also be used in occluding other types of septal defects.
• an elongate body whose shape can be controlled through the use of an actuator segment associated with the elongate body.
• an "actuator segment” includes a predefined portion on and/or associated with the elongate body that can be controlled through the use of thermal and/or electrical energy supplied to the predefined portion of the elongate body.
• the elongate body according to the present disclosure can be positioned so as to span the tissues (the septum secundum (SS) and the septum primum (SP)) of a PFO.
• Actuators on the elongate body can then be used to secure the elongate body to the tissues, thereby helping to seal the PFO (e.g., seal the passage defined by the SS and SP).
• actuators can be used to control the shape of the elongate body to form a loop around and through the SS and the SP 3 thereby sealing a PFO.
• the actuators can be used to control the shape of the elongate body to radially extend predetermined end portions of the elongate body on either side of the SS and the SP, thereby sealing a PFO.
• BC&H Docket 203.0090012 eliminated so as to provide a number of additional embodiments of the positioning device according to the present disclosure.
• Figure 1 provides an illustration of a right lateral view of a heart 100 with an opened right atrium 102.
• the heart 100 is divided into four chambers, which are the right atrium 102, a right ventricle, a left atrium 104 and a left ventricle.
• Heart 100 also includes a septal wall 106 that divides the four chambers of the heart.
• the portion of the septal wall 106 dividing the right and left atriums 102 and 104 is called the interatrial septum 108.
• the portion of the septal wall 106 dividing the left and right ventricle is called the ventricular septum.
• the fossa ovalis 110 is situated at the lower part of the interatrial septum 108, above and to the left of the orifice of the inferior vena cava 112.
• the limbus 114 of the septum secundum (SS) 116 is the pronounced anterosuperior margin of the fossa ovalis 110 within the right side (i.e., the right atrium 102) of the interatrial septum 108. It represents the inferior margin of the SS 116 during fetal life.
• the passage 118 of the fossa ovalis 110 can be defined by surfaces of the SS (thick tissue) 116 and surfaces of the SP (thin tissue) 120 and extends between the right and left atriums 102 and 104.
• the passage 118 is defined by surfaces of the SS 116 and SP 120 and can be used interchangeably with a PFO.
• the SS 116 forms the right margin of the passage 118 and comprises the superior portion of the interatrial septum 108.
• the SS 116 is located adjacent the limbus 120 and extends upward and rightward away from the limbus 120.
• the SP 120 forms the left margin of the passage 1 18 and comprises the inferior portion of the interatrial septum 108 (i.e., below the SS 116) and extends upward and rightward substantially parallel to the SS 1 16 and toward the left atrium 104.
• FIGS 2A-2C provides an illustration of one embodiment of a closure device 222 according to the present disclosure.
• closure device 222 includes an elongate body 224 having a proximal end 226 and a distal end 228.
• the distal end 228 can be configured as a pointed tip that allows the closure device 222 to pierce the thick tissue (SS) and/or the thin tissue (SP) of, for example, a PFO.
• the distal end 228 need not, however, be pointed.
• the closure device 222 can be used in
• BC&H Docket 203.0090012 conjunction with a guide catheter and a delivery catheter to pierce the tissues of a septal defect, such as a PFO, and then draw the tissues together thereby sealing the septal defect.
• the closure device 222 includes a first actuator segment 230 and a second actuator segment 232.
• Each of the first and second actuator segments 230, 232 are associated with the elongate body 224.
• the actuator segments 230, 232 include a predefined portion on and/or associated with the elongate body 224 that can be controlled through the use of thermal and/or electrical energy supplied to the predefined portion of the elongate body.
• the actuator segments 230, 232 can be configured as a layer of a shape memory material, as will be discussed herein, that forms a portion of the elongate body 224.
• the layer of the shape memory material forming the actuator segments 230, 232 can extend along the elongate body 224 and completely and/or partially encircle the elongate body 224.
• each of the actuator segments 230, 232 can include multiple subdivisions that together form each of the respective actuator segments 230 and/or segments 232.
• the closure device 222 can also include more than two actuator segments.
• the actuator segments 230, 232 can be configured as a core structure (i.e., a central or innermost part) of the elongate body 224 around which is applied one or more additional materials (e.g., polymers, biomaterials, coatings) in forming the elongate body 224.
• Figures 2A-2C provide an illustration of the actuator segments 230 and 232 having a core structure.
• Other structures are also possible.
• the actuator segments 230, 232 can be configured as discrete segments that are used (e.g., joined) to form a portion of the elongate body 224.
• the actuator segments allow the elongate body 224 to achieve a predefined shape that can function to urge and hold the tissues of a septal defect together, thereby occluding the defect.
• Figure 2 A provides an illustration of the closure device 222 in a linear configuration in which the actuator segments 230 and 232 have not yet been activated.
• a system having a delivery catheter and the closure device 222 can be used in delivering the closure device 222 to seal BSCl 06-00175WO 5
• the closure device 222 and/or the delivery catheter can be used to pierce the tissues of the septal defect.
• the closure device 222 in its linear configuration can be sufficiently rigid (e.g., has sufficient column strength) to allow the elongate body 224 to pierce the tissues of a septal defect, such as a PFO.
• the distal end 228 and the proximal end 226 are on opposite sides of the septal defect tissues.
• Figure 2B provides an illustration in which the first actuator segment 230 allows the elongate body 224 to bend to a first predetermined position 234.
• the distal end 228 extends towards the proximal end 226 when the elongate body is in the first predetermined position 234.
• the distal end 228 is located closer to the proximal end 226 of the elongate body 224 in the first predetermined position as compared to its unbent configuration illustrated in Figure 2A.
• the first actuator segment can position the distal end 228 and the second actuator segment 232 at an angle relative the proximal end 226 and the adjacent elongate body 224 from about 135 degrees to 225 degrees.
• the first actuator segment 230 can reposition the distal end 228 from about 135 degrees to 225 degrees relative its original position as illustrated in Figure 2A. As illustrated in Figure 2B the first actuator segment positions the distal end 228 and the second actuator segment 232 at an angle of 180 degrees relative the original position of the distal end 228 illustrated in Figure 2A.
• the closure device 222 can then be pulled back across the tissues of the septal defect using, for example, the delivery catheter. Once pulled through the tissues of the septal defect, both the proximal end 226 and the distal end 228 of the elongate body 224 are on the same side of the septal defect.
• the motion of elongate body 224 moving toward the first predetermined position 234 can allow the distal end 228 to pass back through the tissues of the septal defect. In other words, the elongate body 224 need not be moved (i.e., pulled) by the operator to bring the closure device 222 back across the tissues of the septal defect.
• Figure 2C provides an illustration of where the second actuator segment 232 allows the elongate body 224 to bend to a second predetermined position 236 so that the distal end 228 and the proximal end 226 are more closely positioned than when in the first predetermined position 234, as shown in Figure 2B.
• the distal end 228 can be positioned either adjacent to or in contact with a portion of the elongate body 224 that is adjacent the proximal end 226 of the elongate body 224.
• the elongate body 224 can be held in this loop configuration illustrated in Figure 2C with the distal end 228 abutting the elongate body 224.
• the second actuator segment 232 can be used to wrap at least a portion of the elongate body 224 adjacent the distal end 228 around a portion of the elongate body 224 adjacent the proximal end 226.
• the elongate body can defines a longitudinal slit adjacent the proximal end to receive the distal end of the elongate body when in the second predetermined position, as will be discussed and illustrated herein.
• the closure device 222 helps to prevent the tissues of the septal defect from moving away from each other, and thus, fasten the tissues.
• the various embodiments of the closure device described herein may be used to occlude a patent foramen ovale.
• "occlude” refers to causing a body passage to become closed or at least partially closed, or preventing the passage of blood and/or particles in the blood through a body passage.
• embodiments of the present disclosure can include devices, systems and methods to pierce tissue of the septum secundum (SS) and the septum primum (SP) and to occlude the passage of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) defined by the tissue of the SS and the SP.
• SS septum secundum
• SP septum primum
• PFO patent foramen ovale
• the closure device 222 can be configured to allow the elongate body 224 to be positioned next to and/or press against the tissues of the septal defect when the first and second predetermined positions 234, 236 have been achieved.
• the elongate body 224 can have a loop configuration that can help to draw the tissues of a septal defect more closely together.
• the elongate body 224 can have a more rectilinear configuration after bending to the first and second predetermined positions 234, 236 to allow for contact with the tissues. Other shapes are possible.
• the first and second actuator segments 230, 232 can be used to either bend (e.g., move) the elongate body 224 and/or allow the elongate body 224 to return to a predetermined shape.
• the elongate body 224 can be formed with the first and second predetermined positions 234, 236.
• the elongate body 224 for this embodiment would look similar to that shown in Figure 2C.
• the first and second actuator segments 230, 232 can then be used to restrain, or hold, the elongate body 224 from bending towards the first and second predetermined position 234, 236.
• the first and second actuator segments 230, 232 When activated, the first and second actuator segments 230, 232 would relax so as to allow the elongate body 224 to return towards its predetermined shape.
• the actuator segments 230, 232 in this embodiment function to hold the elongate body 224 in a state of stress when in the straight configuration (e.g., Figure 2A) until such time as the segments 230, 232 are activated thereby allowing the elongate body 224 to bend back to its predetermined shape.
• the first and second actuator segments 230, 232 can also be used to bend (e.g., move) the elongate body 224.
• the elongate body 224 can have a straight configuration (e.g., Figure 2A) in a relaxed unstressed state.
• Each of the first and second actuator segments 230, 232 can then be activated so as to bend the elongate body 224 into the predetermined positions.
• the first and second actuator segments 230, 232 are responsible for moving the elongate body 224.
• each of the first and second actuator segments 230, 232 are separated from each other along the elongate body 224.
• the actuator segments 230, 232 could abut each other.
• each of the first and second actuator segments 230, 232 can function, as discussed herein, independently of each other. So, the first actuator segment 230 can be activated without activating the second actuator segment 232 and visa versa.
• more than two actuator segments can be used with the elongate body.
• the elongate body 224 could further include a third actuator segment, or more, that can function as described for the first and second actuator segments 230, 232.
• the shape memory material useful for the actuator segments described herein includes, besides other materials, a shape memory polymer.
• Shape memory polymers SMPs are typically have formulations based on styrene acrylate, cyanate ester, and epoxy polymer systems.
• block and segmented copolymers suitable for use as a SMP include polyetherurethanes, polyesterurethanes, poyetherpolyesters, polyetherpolyamides, and others with polyether or polyester soft segments.
• an SMP allows the predetermined shape as discussed herein to be imparted, or to be “memorized”, in forming the actuator segment.
• the SMP can then change between a rigid and an elastic state by way of thermal stimuli, in other words application of heat.
• the change takes place at what is referred to as the glass transition temperature (T g ).
• T g glass transition temperature
• SMP can be formulated with a T g that matches an application need.
• T g for a suitable SMP can be in a range of 40 0 C to 80 0 C. Above its transition temperature, SMP goes from a rigid, plastic state to a flexible, elastic state. When cooled below that temperature, it becomes rigid again, with high specific strength. When heated above its transition temperature, the SMP returns to its "memorized" shape.
• the shape memory material useful for the actuator segments described herein can also include an electroactive polymer (EAP).
• EAPs are polymers whose shape is modified when an electrical current is applied to them. EAPs can undergo deformation while sustaining large forces. Suitable EAPs can include dielectric EAPs and ionic EAPs. For example, a suitable EAP can be polypyrole.
• the elongate body 224 includes a first conductive element 240 and a second conductive element 242 that extend from the proximal end 226 to the first actuator segment 230 and the second actuator segment 232, respectively.
• the first and/or second actuator segments 230, 232 can be a SMP, where the first and second conductive elements 240, 242 provide thermal energy (i.e., heat) to the SMP of the first and second actuator segments 230, 232.
• the first and second conductive elements 240, 242 include a resistive heating element 244 and 246 positioned adjacent to and/or within the SMP of the first and second actuator
• the individual resistive heating element 244 and 246 can span the length of the respective first and second actuator segments 230, 232.
• the individual resistive heating element 244 and 246 can be positioned adjacent the respective first and second actuator segments 230, 232 at one or more predetermined locations.
• the resistive heating element 244 and 246 can also be configured to heat preferentially from one end towards the opposite end of the respective first and second actuator segments 230, 232.
• the conductive elements can be formed of conductive metal and/or metal alloys such as gold, titanium, medical grade stainless steel (e.g., 316L), titanium, tantalum, platinum alloys, niobium alloys, cobalt alloys, alginate, MP35N, aluminum alloys, chromium alloys, vanadium alloys, memory alloys, or combinations thereof.
• the elongate body 224 can be formed from medical grade polymers and/or co-polymers, such as polypropylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyamides, polycarbonate, biodegradables and combinations thereof. Other medical grade polymers, metals, and metal alloys for the above applications are also possible.
• Figure 3A-3C provides an additional embodiment of the closure device 322 according to the present disclosure.
• the closure device 322 includes the elongate body 324 having proximal end 326 and distal end 328.
• the closure device 322 further includes the first actuator segment 330, the second actuator segment 332 and a third actuator segment 348.
• Each of the first, second and third actuator segments 330, 332, and 348 are associated with the elongate body 324.
• the closure device 322 can include more than three actuator segments.
• the actuator segments 330, 332, 348 could be provided as a layer that at least partially encircles the elongate body 324, a core structure of the elongate body 324 and/or as a discrete segment or section that forms a complete portion of the elongate body 324.
• the actuator segments 330, 332, 348 are provided as a layer that at least partially encircles the elongate body 324.
• the first, second and third actuator segments are provided as a layer that at least partially encircles the elongate body 324.
• 330, 332, and 348 can be used to either bend (e.g., move) the elongate body 324
• one or more of the first, second and third actuator segments 330, 332, and 348 can be formed from, besides other materials, an EAP, as discussed herein.
• the elongate body 324 can include a first lead 350, a second lead 352 and a third lead 354 that extend from the proximal end 326 to the first, second and third actuator segment 330, 332, and 348, respectively.
• the leads 350, 352 and 354 can be used to supply electrical current to the EAP of the first, second and third actuator segments 330, 332, and 348.
• the leads 350, 352 and 354 can each be coupled to an electrode 356 (e.g., a cathode) that can be used to supply the electrical current to the EAP of each of the first, second and third actuator segments 330, 332, and 348.
• a second electrode 358 e.g., an anode
• the electrode polarity could be reversed.
• each electrode 356 can be positioned adjacent its respective first, second and third actuator segment 330, 332, and 348. In one embodiment, the electrode 356 can be positioned adjacent its respective actuator segment to allow electrical current to pass through the EAP of the segment to the second electrode 358. In one embodiment, the electrode 356 can be configured to provide a sufficiently large surface area to maintain a reasonable current density through the EAP. In one embodiment, each electrode 356 can be associated with and control an individual actuator segment 330, 332, and 348.
• the electrode 356 could be a ring, or partial ring, electrode positioned beneath and/or adjacent each of the actuator segments 330, 332, and 348. In the ring or partial ring configuration, the electrode 356 will be sufficiently flexible to allow for the actuator segments 330, 332, and 348 and/or the elongate body 324 to bend to the predetermined shapes, as discussed herein.
• the electrode 356 could be a conductive film of a metal and/or
• BC&H Docket 203.0090012 metal alloy e.g., gold, titanium, medical grade stainless steel (e.g., 316L), titanium, tantalum, platinum alloys, niobium alloys, cobalt alloys, alginate, MP35N, aluminum alloys, chromium alloys, vanadium alloys, or combinations thereof
• metal alloy e.g., gold, titanium, medical grade stainless steel (e.g., 316L), titanium, tantalum, platinum alloys, niobium alloys, cobalt alloys, alginate, MP35N, aluminum alloys, chromium alloys, vanadium alloys, or combinations thereof
• the electrode 356 could be configured in an array or a series of conductors (e.g., wires) that extend through and/or adjacent to the actuator segments 330, 332, and 348.
• the array or series of conductors could extend in a helical fashion along the elongate body 324.
• the array or series of conductors could extend in a linear fashion along the elongate body 324.
• the second electrode 358 (e.g., an anode) can be positioned on the surface of the elongate body 324. In one embodiment, at least one surface of the second electrode 358 is exposed to the environment surrounding the elongate body 324.
• the second electrode 358 can have a number of different predetermined shapes.
• the second electrode 358 can be configured as an annular and/or a semi-annular ring. Use of other shapes is possible.
• Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to two electrodes.
• the electrodes can be part of a separate system from the closure device 322 and/or elongate body 324.
• one or more of the second electrode 358 can be used with the closure device 322.
• one of the second electrodes 358 could be use as the anode for each of the electrodes 356 couple to the leads 350, 352 and 354.
• one of the second electrodes 358 is used as common electrode for providing electrical current through each individual electrode 356 of leads 350, 352 and 354.
• more than one of the second electrodes 358 can be used with the elongate body 324.
• three of the second electrodes 358 could be used with the elongate body 324 as illustrated in Figure 3A-3C, where the second electrode 358 is positioned adjacent the actuator segments 330, 332, and 348.
• Each of the three second electrodes 358 could be connected to an individual lead.
• the three second electrodes 358 could be connected in common with a single common lead 360.
• a combination of the actuator segments 330, 332 and 348 can be used to bend, or cause to bend, the elongate body 324.
• a combination of the first and second actuator segments 330 and 332 can be used to bend the elongate body 324 to the first predetermined position 334.
• the distal end 328 extends towards the proximal end 326 when the elongate body is in the first predetermined position 334.
• the first and second actuator segments 330 and 332 can position the distal end 328 and the second actuator segment 332 at an angle relative the proximal end 326 and the adjacent elongate body 324 from about 135 degree to 225 degree.
• the third actuator segment 356 allows the elongate body 324 to bend to a second predetermined position 336 in which the distal end 228 and the proximal end 226 are more closely positioned than when in the first predetermined position 334.
• the distal end 328 can be positioned either adjacent to or in contact with a portion of the elongate body 324 that is adjacent the proximal end 326 of the elongate body 324.
• each of the actuator segments 330, 332 and 356 can be used to bend the elongate body 324 to three individual predetermined positions (e.g., a first, second, and third predetermined position, respectively).
• the elongate body 324 can be held in this loop configuration illustrated in Figure 3 C with the distal end 328 abutting the elongate body 324.
• the elongate body 324 defines a longitudinal slit 362, or opening, adjacent the proximal end 326 to receive the distal end 328 of the elongate body 324 when in the second predetermined position 336.
• the distal end 328 can slide into the longitudinal slit 362 from the compressive force supplied by the second actuator segment 332.
• the perimeter of the slit 362 can include an SMP or an EAP that can be used to open the slit 362 sufficiently to receive the distal end 328 of the elongate body 324.
• Figure 4 provides an additional embodiment of the closure device 422 according to the present disclosure. As illustrated, the closure device 422 includes the elongate body 424 with proximal end 426, distal end 428, and the first, second and third actuator segment 430, 432 and 448.
• BC&H Docket 203.0090012 422 further includes leads 450, 452 and 454 each coupled to electrode 456 (e.g., a cathode), as discussed herein, that can be used to supply electrical current to the EAP of each of the first, second and third actuator segments 430, 432, and 448.
• the elongate body 424 can further include a lumen 464 extending from the proximal end 426 to at least the first, second, and third actuator segments 430, 432, and 448.
• the lumen 464 can be centric or eccentrically positioned in the elongate body 428.
• the lumen 464 can have a circumference sufficiently large enough to receive and pass a positionable lead 466.
• the positionable lead 464 extends through and can be moved within the lumen 462 to allow electrical current to be conducted through the EAP of the first, second, and third actuator segments 430, 432, and 448 using electrode 456.
• the positionable lead 466 can be formed of an electrically conductive material (e.g., metal or metal alloy) with or without an insulating sheath.
• the positionable lead 466 can further include a distal end 468 configured to make positive physical contact with the surface defining the lumen 464.
• the positionable lead 466 can have a predetermined bend or deflection adjacent the distal end 468 to allow for contact with the surface of the lumen 464.
• the second electrode 458 includes at least one portion surface that defines the lumen 464.
• the positionable lead 466 can be moved within the lumen 464 to allow at least the distal end 468 and/or a portion of the lead 466 adjacent the end 468 make contact with the portion of the second electrode 458 helping to define the lumen 464.
• the second electrode 458 also defines a portion of the exterior surface of the elongate body 424.
• the positionable lead 466 can be moved through the lumen 464 allowing for isolated electrical contact to be made with each of the second electrodes 458 associated with the elongate body 428.
• the surface of the second electrode 458 defining a portion of the lumen 462 surface can include a notch into which the lead 466 can releasably seat.
• BCScH Docket 203.0090012 proximal end can be used allow the user to identify which of the second electrode 458 is in electrical contact with the positionable lead 466.
• the positionable lead 466 can be moved within the lumen 464 to make electrical contact with the desired second electrode 458. ' Electrical current can then be applied across one or more of the first, second, and third actuator segments 430, 432, and 448 using the appropriate second electrode 458 and the electrode 456, as discussed herein, to cause the device 422 to bend to the first and second predetermined positions.
• Figures 5A-5C provide an additional embodiment of the closure device 522 of the present disclosure.
• the closure device 522 has an elongate body 524 that includes two or more wires 570.
• the wires 570 can be bundled together along a central portion 572 of the elongate body 524. Bundling the wires 570 can include twisting the wires 570 together. Alternatively, bundling the wires 570 can include weaving and/or braiding the wires 570 together to provide the central portion 572 of the elongate body 524.
• the wires 570 could also be straight, as illustrated.
• the wires 570 in the central portion 572 can be fused together (e.g., laser welded).
• the closure device 522 further includes a first actuator segment 530 and a second actuator segment 532.
• the first actuator segment 530 and the second actuator segment 532 can be formed by a predetermined portion 574 of one or more of the wires 570 extending from the central portion 572 of the elongate body 524.
• the first and second actuator segments 530, 532 allow for the predetermined portion 574 of each of the two or more wires 570 to extend radially from a common axis 576 running through the central portion 572 of the elongate body 524. So, for example, the first actuator segment 530 allows the predetermined portion 574 of each of the two or more wires 570 adjacent the distal end 528 to extend radially from the common axis 576.
• the second actuator segment 532 allows the predetermined portion 574 of each of the two or more wires 570 adjacent the proximal end 526 to extend radially from the common axis 574.
• Figures 5B and 5C provide illustrations of these embodiments.
• the distal end 528 of the closure device 522 can first be inserted across the tissues of the septal defect so that the proximal end 526 and the distal
• the first actuator segment 530 can then be used to cause the predetermined portion 574 of the wires 570 adjacent the distal end 528 to flare radially.
• the second actuator segment 532 can then be used to cause the predetermined portion 574 of the wires 570 adjacent the proximal end 526 to flare radially. As the predetermined portion 574 of the wires 570 flare radially, they contact and draw the tissue of the septal defect more closely together, thereby helping to seal the septal defect.
• the predetermined portion 572 forming the first actuator segment 530 and the second actuator segment 532 can be a coating of either the SMP and/or EMP, as discussed herein, on the wire 570.
• the predetermined portion 574 forming the first actuator segment 530 and the second actuator segment 532 can be a core of either the SMP and/or EMP, as discussed herein, which is coated with an electrically conductive material.
• the wires 570 themselves can be used as electrodes to provide either the thermal energy (i.e., heat) and/or the electrical current to cause the predetermined portion 574 of the actuator segments 530, 532 to extend radially from the common axis, as illustrated in Figures 5B-5C.
• the wires 570 forming the predetermined portion 574 of the first and second actuator segments 530, 532 can be positioned adjacent each other.
• a first predetermined group of the wires 570 e.g., one or more
• a first electrode e.g., the cathode
• a second predetermined group of the wires 570 can be used as the second electrode (e.g., the anode).
• the actuator segments 530 and 532 include a coating of EMP, electrical current can flow between the wires 570 forming the electrodes allowing for the EMP to change shape.
• the wires 570 can form a conductive loop through which current can be passed to heat the SMP so as to cause the wires 570 to change shape, as discussed herein.
• the wires 570 can be used as the first electrode (either anode or cathode), while the second electrode can be provided at a site distal from the wires 570.
• the opposite electrode could be temporarily provided on the skin of the patient (e.g., mounted cutaneously and/or subcutaneously) .
• separate conductive elements can extend through the elongate body 524 to a resistive heating element positioned adjacent to and/or within the actuator segment 530 or 532 formed with a core or coating of SMP.
• separate leads can extend through the elongate body 524 to provide a first electrode (e.g., a cathode) positioned adjacent to and/or within the actuator segment 530 or 532 formed with a core or coating of EMP, where the second electrode (e.g., an anode) could be located away from the closure device 522.
• the actuator segments 530 and 532 could act as the first and second electrodes in providing electrical current through the EMP.
• Other configurations are also possible.
• the wires 570 could be formed of a memory material, such as a shape memory polymer and/or from a shape memory metal in which has the first and second predetermined positions are set.
• the closure device 522 could then be elastically deformed into a configuration for delivery, where upon during deployment the memory material forming the wires causes the device 522 to move towards the predetermined positions.
• heating elements as discussed herein, could be used to heat a memory metal to a transition temperature, thereby allowing for movement in the actuator segments 530, 532.
• shape memory metals include, but are not limited to, and memory metals alloys such as Nitinol, titanium-palladuim- nickel, nickel-titanium-copper, gold-cadmium, iron-zinc-copper-aluminum, titanium-niobium-aluminum, hafhium-titanium-nickel, iron-manganese-silicon, nickel-titanium, nickel-iron-zinc-aluminum, copper-aluminum-iron, titanium- niobium, zirconium-copper-zinc, and nickel-zirconium-titanium. Other metal and metal alloys are also possible.
• memory metals alloys such as Nitinol, titanium-palladuim- nickel, nickel-titanium-copper, gold-cadmium, iron-zinc-copper-aluminum, titanium-niobium-aluminum, hafhium-titanium-nickel, iron-manganes
• Figure 6A-6C provide an additional embodiment of the closure device 622 according to the present disclosure.
• the closure device 622 has an elongate body 624 that includes a first actuator segment 630 and a second actuator segment 632.
• the first and second actuator segments 630, 632, including the leads and/or connections, can be formed as discussed herein.
• first and second actuator segments 630, 632 are configured to allow a first predetermined section 678 of the elongate body 624 adjacent the distal end 628 and a second predetermined section 680 of the
• the first and second predetermined sections 678, 680 can extend in a concentric 682 and/or eccentric 684 fashion from and/or around the common axis 676, as illustrated in Figure 6C.
• the shape of the predetermined sections 678, 680 allows the closure device 622 when positioned across the tissues of a septal defect to hold the tissues of the septal defect together so as to occlude the defect.
• the predetermined sections 678, 680 allow the elongate body 624 to bend into a spiral shape.
• the predetermined sections 678, 680 can extend radially in a common plane or can be non-planar. Examples of a non-planar configuration include conical, semi-spherical, or other non-planar geometric configuration.
• Other shapes for the predetermined sections 678, 680 of the elongate body 624 are also possible.
• other shapes can include those have a polygonal configuration, helical shapes, vortex shapes, crescent shapes, curved shapes, saddle shapes, and irregular shapes.
• these predefined shapes can include surfaces and structures that help to engage the tissues of the septal defect.
• engaging the tissue of a septal defect can include piercing, trapping, squeezing, clamping, grasping, gripping, hooking, abutting, catching, and pushing the tissues of the passage to fasten the tissue and occlude the septal defect.
• Figures 7A-7C provide an additional embodiment of the closure device 722 according to the present disclosure.
• the closure device 722 has an elongate body 724 that includes a first actuator segment 730 and a second actuator segment 732.
• the first and second actuator segments 730, 732, including the leads and/or connections, can be formed as discussed herein.
• the first and second actuator segments 730, 732 are configured to allow a first predetermined section 778 of the elongate body 724 adjacent the distal end 728 and a second predetermined section 780 of the elongate body 724 adjacent the proximal end 726 to extend radially from the common axis 776.
• the predetermined sections 778, 780 include segments 782 that can extend radially from the common axis 776.
• the segments 782 can flare radially in a symmetrical pattern from
• the segments 782 can be actuated by the first and second actuator segments 730, 732 according to embodiments described herein.
• the segments 782 can be formed from the elongate body 724 by cutting and/or dividing the elongate body 724 into the desired shape of the segment 782. Other patterns for the first and second predetermined positions are also possible.
• the closure device 722 can have an elongate body 724 that includes a first actuator segment 730 and a second actuator segment 732 formed from a shape memory alloy, where the first predetermined section 778 and second predetermined section 780 extend radially from the common axis 776.
• the closure device 722 can include a sheath holding the closure device in a position as shown in Figure 7A. As the sheath is removed, and the distal end 728 is exposed, and the segments 782 on the first predetermined section 778 can extend radially from the common axis 776 as shown in Figure 7B. Further, as the sheath is removed completely, the segments 783 on the second predetermined section 778 can also extend radially from the common axis 778 as shown in Figure 7C.
• Figure 8 illustrates an embodiment of a system 884 that includes a guide catheter 886, a delivery catheter 888 and a closure device 822 according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
• the delivery catheter 888 includes a first end 890 and a second end 892.
• the guide catheter 886 includes a proximal end 894 and a distal end 896 with a lumen 898 extending through the ends 894, 896.
• the lumen 898 is sized to allow for the delivery catheter 888 and the closure device 822 to move through the guide catheter 886.
• the guide catheter 886 also provides lateral support for the delivery catheter 888 when positioned in the lumen 898.
• the delivery catheter 888 is positioned at least partially within and can move longitudinally in the lumen 898 of the guide catheter 886.
• the guide catheter 886 can have a predetermined shape that allows the delivery catheter 888 and/or the closure
• BC&H Docket 203.0090012 device 822 to extend from the distal end 896 of the guide catheter 886 in a suitable position relative the tissues of a septal defect.
• the first end 890 of the delivery catheter 888 extends beyond the proximal end 894 of the guide catheter 886 to allow for a person to operate the system 884 as discussed herein.
• the predetermined shape for the delivery catheter 888 will be dependent upon the physiology in the region of the septal defect.
• the closure device 822 can be implanted in several different ways depending on the configuration and material used in forming the closure device 822.
• the elongate body 824 of the closure device 822 includes the use of a SMP for the actuator segments 830 and 832
• the elongate body 824 can include the conductive elements 840 and 842 and the resistive heating elements 844 and 846, as discussed herein.
• the closure device 822 can be releasably coupled to the delivery catheter 888.
• the system 884 can include a coupling sleeve 801 that releasably joins the guide catheter 888 and the coupling device 822.
• the coupling sleeve 801 can be joined to the guide catheter 886 and/or extend from the distal end 896 to present a socket 803 into which the proximal end 826 and at least a portion of the elongate body 824 can fit.
• the coupling sleeve 801 is secured to the guide catheter 888 through the use of an adhesive.
• the coupling sleeve 801 is an extension of the same material forming the guide catheter 888.
• the coupling sleeve 801 can be used to releasably compress around and secure the closure device 822 to the guide catheter 888.
• the coupling sleeve 801 can be formed with, for example, an SMP and/or an EAP, or other material, which can allow the size of the socket to increase, thereby allowing the coupling device 822 to be released from the delivery catheter 888.
• Electrical current for either heating an SMP and/or for delivery across an EAP can be provided by lead 805.
• the delivery catheter 888 can further include a first conductor lead 807 and a second conductor lead 809.
• the conductor leads 807, 809 allow for electrical current to be passed to the conductive elements 840, 842 and the resistive heating elements 844, 846 in the elongate body 824.
• BC&H Docket 203.0090012 807, 809 include a distal end 811 that is releasably coupled to the conductive elements 840, 842.
• the conductive elements 840, 842 can include an end 813 that is shaped to releasably engage the distal end 811 of the leads 807, 809.
• the end 813 of the conductive elements 840, 842 can have a spherical shape (i.e., a ball shape) that releasably engages the distal end 81 1 of the leads 807, 809 configured as a socket (a ball and socket design).
• the ball and socket design allows the leads 807, 809 and conductor elements 840, 842 to release from each other when the coupling sleeve 801 is used to release the closure device 822.
• the coupling sleeve 801 provides a compressive force around at least a portion of the elongate body 824 of the closure device 822 that is sufficient to keep the delivery catheter 888 and the closure device 822 joined until such time as the used elects to release the catheter 888 and device 822.
• the compressive force is sufficient to keep the catheter 888 and device 822 joined as, for example, a pulling force is applied through the delivery catheter 888 to the device 822.
• the surfaces of the catheter 888 and device 822 that engage in the socket 803 can include one or more surfaces that help in joining the two structures.
• the surface of the socket 803 could include a ridge that releasably engages a corresponding channel in the elongate body 824 of the device 822. Other such structures and/or configurations are possible.
• closure device 822 illustrated in Figure 8 is not limited to the closure device 822 illustrated in Figure 8.
• Other embodiments of the closure device 822 as discussed herein can be used in conjunction with the delivery catheter 888.
• Radiopaque markers can also be included on the closure device 822, the guide catheter 886 and/or the delivery catheter 888.
• Radiopaque markers can include those having a distinctive shape associated with a predefined portion of the closure device 822, the guide catheter 886 and/or the delivery catheter 888. This allows the operator to better position the catheters 886, 888 and/or the closure device 822 in the patient.
• Radiopaque markers can include those made
• the guide catheter 886, the delivery catheter 888, and the elongate body 824 of the closure device 822 can be formed of a flexible material having sufficient wall strength to resist bending when moved through the vasculature.
• suitable flexible materials include, but are not limited to, medical grade polymers and/or co-polymers, such as polypropylene, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene, polyetheretherketone, polyetherimide, polyamides, polycarbonate, biodegradables and combinations thereof.
• Other medical grade polymers, metals, and metal alloys for the above applications are also possible.
• the leads 807, 809 can be a metal or metal alloy. Examples of such metals and metal alloys include, but are not limited to, those provided herein. Other metal and metal alloys are also possible.
• the guide catheter 886 can be advanced through, for example, the superior or inferior vena cava to position the distal end 896 in the right atrium of the heart. Other access points and/or locations for positioning the guide catheter 886 are possible.
• the closure device 822 and the delivery catheter 888 can then be advanced through the lumen 898 of the guide catheter 886 to be position in the right atrium.
• the second end 892 of the delivery catheter 888 and/or the distal end 828 of the closure device 822 can then be positioned adjacent the tissue of the septal defect, such as the SS and SP of a PFO.
• the distal end 828 along with the elongate body 824 of the closure device 822 can then be moved through the tissues of the septal defect to position the distal end 828 and the proximal end 826 on opposite sides of the tissues.
• the elongate body 824 includes a tip 811 having a point that can pierce tissues of the septal defect.
• piercing the tissues of the septal defect can be accomplished by applying a pushing force from the distal end 826 through the elongate body 824 to the distal end 828.
• the closure device 822 can be advanced across the tissues to position the first actuator segment 830 and the second actuator segment 832 across the septal defect.
• the elongate body 824 can then be activated, as discussed herein, to direct the tip 811 and the first predetermined portion of the elongate body ' 824 back towards the septal defect.
• the tip 811 and the distal end 828 can then be moved back through the tissues of the septal defect so as to position at least a portion of the second actuator segment 832 on the opposite side of the septal defect relative the first actuator segment 830. In one embodiment, this can be accomplished by pulling the closure device 822 through the use of the delivery catheter 888.
• the second actuator segment can then be activated, as discussed herein, on the elongate body to direct the second predetermined portion of the elongate body towards the PFO.
• the first and second predetermined portions of the elongate body 824 can then act to secure the elongate body to the PFO.
• the elongate body 824 can form a loop structure, as discussed herein, that is used to secure the elongate body 824 to opposite sides of the septal defect tissues.
• the elongate body 824 can form the radially extending shapes (e.g., spirals or other geometric shapes) that extend towards each other on opposite tissue surfaces (e.g., a first side and a second side) of the septal defect.
• system 884 could also be used with the closure device illustrated in figures 3A-3C, where the system 884 would include additional leads and actuator segments as needed.
• Figure 9 illustrates an embodiment of a system 984 that includes the guide catheter 986, the delivery catheter 988, and the closure device 922 according to the present disclosure.
• the closure device 922 can be similar to the closure device as described for Figure 4 herein.
• the delivery catheter 988 includes the first and second end 990, 992
• the guide catheter 986 includes the proximal end 994 and the distal end 996 with the lumen 998 extending through the ends 994, 996.
• the closure device 922 includes the elongate body 924 with proximal end 926, distal end 928, and the first, second and third actuator segment 930, 932 and 948.
• the closure device 922 further includes leads 950, 952 and 954 each coupled to electrode 956 (e.g., a cathode), as discussed herein, that can be used to supply electrical current to the EAP of each of the first, second and third actuator segments 930, 932, and 948.
• electrode 956 e.g., a cathode
• the elongate body 924 can further include the lumen extending from the proximal end 926 to at least the first, second, and third actuator segments 930, 932, and 948.
• the system 984 further includes the positionable lead 966, as discussed herein, that extends through and can be moved within the lumen to allow electrical current to be conducted through the EAP of the first, second, and third actuator segments 930, 932, and 948 using electrode 956.
• the closure device 922 further includes the second electrode 958, as discussed herein, where the positionable lead 966 can be moved within the lumen to allow at least the distal end and/or a portion of the lead 966 adjacent the end make contact with the portion of the second electrode 958.
• the delivery catheter 988 further includes a lumen 921 that extends through the first end 990 and the second end 992 to join with the lumen of the elongate body 924.
• the positionable lead 966 can extend and move through the lumen 921 to the lumen of the elongate body 924, as discussed herein, to make electrical contact with the second electrodes 958.
• the closure device 922 can be releasably coupled to the delivery catheter 988.
• the system 984 can include the coupling sleeve 901 with socket 903 and lead 905, as discussed herein, which releasably joins the guide catheter 988 and the coupling device 922.
• the delivery catheter 988 can further include the first conductor lead 907, the second conductor lead 909, and a third conductor lead
• the conductor leads 907, 909, and 923 allow for , electrical current to be passed to the leads 950, 952 and 954 in the elongate body
• the leads 950, 952 and 954 include a distal end 91 1 that is releasably coupled to the conductor leads 907, 909, and 923.
• the conductor leads 907, 909, and 923 can include an end 913 that is shaped to releasably engage the distal end 811 of the leads 907, 909 and 923. Examples include the ball and socket design discussed herein. Electrical current can then be supplied through the leads 907, 909 and 923 to electrodes 956. Radiopaque markers can also be included on the closure device 922, the guide catheter 986 and/or the delivery catheter 988, as discussed herein.
• the guide catheter 986, the delivery catheter 988, and the elongate body 924 of the closure device 922 can be formed of a flexible material, as discussed herein, having sufficient wall strength to resist bending when moved through the BSCI 06-00175 WO 24
• the leads 907, 909 and 923 can be a metal or metal alloy.
• metals and metal alloys include, but are not limited to, those provided herein. Other metal and metal alloys are also possible.
• Figure 10 illustrates an embodiment of a system 1084 that includes the guide catheter 1086, the delivery catheter 1088 and the closure device 1022 according to the present disclosure.
• the closure device 1022 is as described for Figures 6A-6C.
• the delivery catheter 1088 includes the first and second end 1090, 1092
• the guide catheter 1086 includes the proximal end 1094 and the distal end 1096 with the lumen 1098 extending through the ends 1094, 1096.
• the delivery catheter 1088 and the closure device 1022 can be housed within a portion 1027 of the guide catheter 1086.
• the distal end 1096 of the guide catheter 1086 includes a tip that is sufficiently sharp to allow it to pierce the tissues of a septal defect.
• the distal end 1096 also defines an opening 1029 that allows the closure device 1022 to pass there through during its delivery across a septal defect.
• the opening 1029 can expand to allow the closure device 1022 to be moved from the guide catheter 1086 as a pushing force is applied through the delivery catheter 1088.
• the closure device 1022 includes the elongate body 1024 with proximal end 1026, distal end 1028, and the first and second actuator segment 1030, 1032.
• the closure device 1022 further includes leads 1050, 1052 each releasably coupled to the first and second actuator segments
• the leads 1050, 1052 releaseably couple to the actuator segments 1030, 1032 in a mid-region of the elongate body 1024.
• this configuration allows the first and second actuator segments 1030, 1032 to undergo their radial expansion (i.e., movement), as discussed herein, without interfering with their releasable connections to the leads 1050, 1052.
• the closure device 1022 can be releasably coupled to the delivery catheter 1088, as discussed herein.
• the system 1084 can include the coupling sleeve 1001 with socket 1003 and lead 1005, as discussed herein, which releasably joins the guide catheter 1088 and the coupling device 1022.
• the delivery catheter 1088 can further include the first conductor lead 1007 and the second conductor lead 1009 that allow for electrical current to be passed to the leads 1050 and 1052 in the elongate body 1024.
• the leads 1050 and 1052 include a distal end 101 1 that is releasably coupled to the conductor leads 1007 and 1009.
• the conductor leads 1007 and 1009 can include an end 1013 that is shaped to releasably engage the distal end 101 1 of the leads 1007 and 1009. Examples include the ball and socket design discussed herein.
• Radiopaque markers can also be included on the closure device 1022, the guide catheter 1086 and/or the delivery catheter 1088, as discussed herein.
• the guide catheter 1086, the delivery catheter 1088, and the elongate body 1024 of the closure device 1022 can be formed of a flexible material, as discussed herein, having sufficient wall strength to resist bending when moved through the vasculature.
• the leads 1007 and 1009 can be a metal or metal alloy. Examples of such metals and metal alloys include, but are not limited to, those provided herein. Other metal and metal alloys are also possible.
• the elongate body and/or the actuator segment as provided herein can include one or more therapeutic agents.
• the one or more therapeutic agents can be integrated into the material(s) used to form the elongate body and/or the actuator segment and/or coated on the surface of the elongate body and/or the actuator segment. The one or more therapeutic agents can then leach and/or be released from the elongate body and/or the actuator segment once it is applied.
• the therapeutic agents can be included to promote and/or accelerate endothelialization. Examples of therapeutic agents include, but are not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable agents such as non-genetic therapeutic agents, a biomolecule, a small molecule, or cells.
• non-genetic therapeutic agents include anti-thrombogenic agents such as heparin, heparin derivatives, prostaglandin (including micellar prostaglandin El), urokinase, and PPack BSCI 06-00175 WO 26
• BC&H Docket 203.0090012 (dextrophyenylalanine proline arginine chloromethylketone); anti-proliferative agents such as enoxaprin, angiopenptin, sirolimus (rapamycin), tacrolimus, everolimus monoclonal antibodies capable of blocking smooth muscle cell proliferation, hirudin, and acetylsalicylic acid; anti-inflammatory agents such as dexamethasone, rosiglitazone, prenisolone, corticosterone, budesonide, estrogen, estradiol, sulfasalazine, acetylsalicylic acid, mycophenolic acid, and mesalamine; anti-neoplastic/anti-proliferative/anti-mitotic agents such as paclitaxel, epothilone, cladribine, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, cyclosporine,
• biomolecules includes peptides, polypeptides and proteins; oligonucleotides; nucleic acids such as double or single stranded DNA (including naked and cDNA), RNA, antisense nucleic acids such as antisense DNA and KNA 5 small interfering RNA (siRNA), and riobozymes; genes; carbohydrates; angiogenic factors including growth factors; cell cycle inhibitors; and anti-restenosis agents. Nucleic acids may be incorporated into delivery systems such as, for example, vectors (including viral vectors), plasmids or liposomes.
• Non-limiting examples of proteins include monocyte chemoattractant proteins ("MCP-I) and bone morphogenic proteins ("BMP's”), such as, for example, BMP-2, BMP-3, BMP-4, BMP-5, BMP-6 (Vgr-1), BMP-7 (OP-I), BMP-8, BMP-9, BMP-IO, BMP-11, BMP-12, BMP-13, BMP-14, BMP-15.
• MCP-I monocyte chemoattractant proteins
• BMP's bone morphogenic proteins
• BMPs can be provided as homodimers, heterodimers, or combinations thereof, alone or together with other molecules.
• molecules capable of inducing an upstream or downstream effect of a BMP can be provided. Such molecules include any of the "hedghog" proteins, or the DNA's encoding them.
• Non-limiting examples of genes include survival genes that protect against cell death, such as anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family factors and Akt kinase and combinations thereof.
• Non-limiting examples of angiogenic factors include acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor ⁇ and ⁇ , platelet-derived endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, tumor necrosis factor ⁇ , hepatocyte growth factor, and insulin like growth factor.
• a non-linear example of a cell cycle inhibitor is a cathespin D (CD) inhibitor.
• Non-limiting examples of anti-restenosis agents include pi 5, pl6, pi 8, pi 9, p21, p27, p53, p57, Rb, nFkB and E2F decoys, thymidine kinase ("TK”) and combinations thereof and other agents useful for interfering with cell proliferation.
• TK thymidine kinase
• Exemplary small molecules include hormones, nucleotides, amino acids, sugars, and lipids and compounds have a molecular weight of less than 10OkD.
• Exemplary cells include stem cells, progenitor cells, endothelial cells, adult cardiomyocytes, and smooth muscle cells.
• Cells can be of human origin (autologous or allogenic) or from an animal source (xenogenic), or genetically engineered.
• Non-limiting examples of cells include side population (SP) cells, BSCI 06-00175WO 28
• BC&H Docket 203.0090012 lineage negative (Lin-) cells including Lin-CD34-, Lin-CD34+, Lin-cKit+, mesenchymal stem cells including mesenchymal stem cells with 5-aza, cord blood cells, cardiac or other tissue derived stem cells, whole bone marrow, bone marrow mononuclear cells, endothelial progenitor cells, skeletal myoblasts or satellite cells, muscle derived cells, go cells, endothelial cells, adult cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, adult cardiac fibroblasts + 5- aza, genetically modified cells, tissue engineered grafts, MyoD scar fibroblasts, pacing cells, embryonic stem cell clones, embryonic stem cells, fetal or neonatal cells, immunologically masked cells, and teratoma derived cells.
• the therapeutic agents may be combined to the extent such combination is biologically compatible.
• the embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in different combinations and ways in occluding a septal defect.
• two or more of the closure devices could be used to treat a septal defect.
• each of the two or more of the closure devices could be used alone.
• the two or more of the closure devices could be used in such a way that they interact with each other.
• a first closure device could be introduced from a first side of a septal defect.
• a second closure device could then be introduced from a second side of the septal defect.
• the closure devices could then be secured to each other (e.g., the elongate bodies entwine, cross and/or lock together) as they occlude the septal defect.
• Other combinations are also possible.
• the embodiments of the present disclosure can also include the use of a second catheter.
• the second catheter could include extendable members that could be used to engage the distal end of the closure device.
• the second catheter can be used to puncture the tissues of the septal defect where it can then be used to engage the closure device and draw the device back across the tissues of the septal defect. Once engaged, the second catheter can then be used to help draw the closure device into its closed loop configuration.
• additional structures and configurations exist that can allow the delivery catheter, the closure device and the associated leads and connectors to disengage.
• one embodiment includes the use of a socket to releasably couple the closure device and the delivery catheter where BSCI 06-00175WO 29
• the electrical connection is made through a ball and socket configured connection.
• the electrical connection could be made with connectors that can uncouple by a twisting action provided through the delivery catheter.
• the releasable leads and/or connectors could 5 have a cage configuration (e.g., a loop configuration) whose shape can be changed (e.g., the opening of the loop enlarges) to allow the leads to release from the cage.
• Other configurations are also possible.

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• 2006
  • 2006-08-24 US US11/509,105 patent/US8075576B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
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  • 2007-08-24 JP JP2009525649A patent/JP2010501262A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-08-24 WO PCT/US2007/018777 patent/WO2008024489A2/en not_active Ceased
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