WO2008015705A1 - Système d'utilisation conjointe de l'énergie thermique solaire et de l'énergie thermique d'un fluide - Google Patents

Système d'utilisation conjointe de l'énergie thermique solaire et de l'énergie thermique d'un fluide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008015705A1
WO2008015705A1 PCT/IT2006/000597 IT2006000597W WO2008015705A1 WO 2008015705 A1 WO2008015705 A1 WO 2008015705A1 IT 2006000597 W IT2006000597 W IT 2006000597W WO 2008015705 A1 WO2008015705 A1 WO 2008015705A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
heat pump
thermal energy
solar
solar thermal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2006/000597
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
George Bonatsos
Original Assignee
Intellectual Property & Technology Transfer Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Intellectual Property & Technology Transfer Corporation filed Critical Intellectual Property & Technology Transfer Corporation
Priority to PCT/IT2006/000597 priority Critical patent/WO2008015705A1/fr
Publication of WO2008015705A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008015705A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
    • F24S90/10—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for using thermosiphonic circulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mechanical apparatus that can exploit multiple renewable energy sources concurrently, more specifically it relates to a hybrid solar thermal system, in general referring to technologies capable of utilizing alternative and renewable energy sources, and refers particularly to a system in which various components of a thermosyphon solar thermal collector and a heat pump are provided to interact physically and synergistically in a new and innovative manner to produce hot water efficiently.
  • the present inventor has studied carefully the actual technologies in use for the production of heat; from electrical and liquid carbon energy sources (e.g. petroleum) and carbon source gasses (e.g. methane), mechanical thermodynamic systems (e.g. refrigeration technology) and renewable energy sources and technology (e.g. solar) and has surprisingly found that the use of hybrid systems engineered and combined in certain ways, can provide an excellent solution to the problem of reducing energy costs for heating purposes while utilizing clean energy sources.
  • This invention can generate good market attraction worldwide, and assist the dissemination of solar energy water heating systems, that can consequently help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that are also a chief cause of undesirable global climatic change.
  • thermosyphonic systems and/or "natural circulation by convection" systems (all hereinafter called: thermosyphon) .
  • heat pumps it generally involves a technology that is capable to absorb the heat content of a substance, such as a fluid (e.g. air or water) and/or phase change material, and transfer and release such heat content, to another fluid (or substance) such as water in an insulated storage tank.
  • a substance such as a fluid (e.g. air or water) and/or phase change material
  • transfer and release such heat content to another fluid (or substance) such as water in an insulated storage tank.
  • air source heat pump One type of heat pump called "air source” heat pump, generally finds its justified and convenient use in climatic zones which require moderate heating and refrigeration specifications.
  • heat pump technology is becoming more well known and important day by day because of increasing media and "word of mouth” publicity from satisfied users.
  • this technology is not well known, implemented and/or not considered convenient for the fact that (in this case) when air that is used as a heat source, decreases in temperature (such as in winter conditions) there is also a natural corresponding decrease in the efficiency of the heat pump (less heat is entrained in the ambient air).
  • recent progress in heat pump technology has produced surprising results regarding efficiency, also during cold weather, thus reawakening interest in the adoption of this technology even where the quantity of solar energy received at ground surfaces is in the order of 1000 kWh/m2 annually.
  • Air Source heat pump technology is capable of transferring heat from one fluid to another fluid, with a ratio of efficiency that is around 2.5 to 3.5 times the electrical energy required for its function. Therefore regarding part of the objective of the present invention, it is considered good to use a heat pump, to transfer the thermal energy of outside ambient air to a thermal transfer liquid (e.g. water and/or water/glycol mixture in the water storage tank of a thermosyphon system) because the great efficiency of the heat pump process.
  • This efficiency is commonly called C.O.P (Coefficient of Performance) and is typically in the order of 2.5 to 3.5 times that of an electrical heating element (a typical electrical heating element has a C.O.P of 1 meaning that with 1Kw(e) of electrical energy it can produce around 1 Kw(t) of thermal energy).
  • thermosyphon systems One of the most efficient (cost to performance ratio) systems available today, is what is normally called in the art, thermosyphon systems. This system is efficient because due to the heat induced, natural liquid convection cycle, it does not require a pump, and because it can be supplied already assembled from the factory (water tank and solar thermal collector integrated together) the cost of maintenance and installation of these systems onsite are low when compared to other systems.
  • these systems can be installed already assembled and/or the solar thermal collector and the water storage tank can also be separately placed and assembled in order, and installed onsite.
  • the water storage tank and the solar thermal collector are in close and intimate contact, to avoid useless costs for installation and a waste of materials, to importantly avoid unnecessary thermal losses and reduced natural water circulation convection efficiency (e.g. if the water storage tank and solar thermal collector where to be installed distantly from each other) all of which would make it unjustified to use solar thermosyphon system technology.
  • heat pumps (whose major components are: evaporator, where the major amount of heat is absorbed, condenser, where the major amount of heat is released, compressor, expansion valve, and the circuits charged with refrigerant) can be prepared as a single unit directly in a factory, ready for installation and use, or one or more of the major components can be assembled onsite and the circuit charged with the refrigerant and be made to operate. In our case it is preferred that the heat pump is prepared in a factory as a unit ready for installation and use. In this case all the major components, including the compressor and both heat exchangers (e.g.
  • serpentine tube of the evaporator and the condenser, are charged with the refrigerant (typically a phase change substance) and placed inside a casing for protection against inclement weather conditions and weathering damage, and can be shipped as a complete unit, and be installed on a roof (and/or any suitable surface) with and connected to a water storage tank, to heat the water inside it - and/or the condenser heat exchanger placed inside a building and connected to the hydronic space heating (e.g. radiant floor) and/or sanitary water circuits.
  • the refrigerant typically a phase change substance
  • thermodynamic efficiency there could be enormous savings and increase of thermodynamic efficiency, if both of these systems could be engineered to be combined technologically in an new and innovative manner. More specifically the use of the low cost, good efficiency, low maintenance thermosyphon solar thermal collector (using free solar energy as a heat source) and the highly efficient and well proven, heat pump technology, that while using electrical energy for function, is so efficient that it furnishes 2.5 to 3.5 or more thermal energy in watt/h than could be produced by an electrical heating element using the same amount of electrical energy.
  • this hybrid system could be designed and engineered and manufactured in a factory, tested, packaged and transported, placed and installed onsite as a long life, industrial quality, single unit, thus making the installation easy and simple for the installers, thereby saving time and costs, for various connections and cabling, rather than if the heat pump and thermosyphon system were to be installed and used separately.
  • the present invention has been conceived based on the inventive principles outlined above.
  • one technologically integrated, single unified structure also means “packaged together”, further meaning, that all of the major and minor components of both technologies (heat pump; thermosyphon solar collector and water storage tank) are on the same supporting frame or carcass and in the same covering and enclosure against inclement weather and/or weathering damage, and which requires solely the connection to an electrical power supply, control and command cables, and inlet and outlet tubes of the water supply to be heated.
  • heat pump thermosyphon solar collector and water storage tank
  • one monobiock apparatus already prepared for installation and use means that all of the components of both technology systems are united and fixed in a stabile and permanent fashion, in the same structural support, and that the frame or carcass that covers and encloses the components, forms and is also considered to be part of the structural support.
  • the heat pump By “collectively utilize solar thermal energy and the thermal energy of a fluid”, intends to mean that the heat pump not only absorbs thermal energy from the outside ambient air, above and below the solar thermal collector, but also absorbs the solar thermal energy that is incident to the receiving surface (called also in the art - selective surface) of the solar thermal collector.
  • monoblock we intend to mean, a grouping of all minor and major components such as, heat pump, solar thermal collector, water storage tank combined operatively together, and not being more than 1 meter distance amongst adjacent major components.
  • this innovation provides the possibility to charge the heat pump circuit with refrigerant, and test the system directly at the origin of production and assembly (e.g. the factory) thus avoiding what is normal practise when the major components of the systems are separate and independent, and must be assembled onsite: charging at the installation site the heat pump circuit with refrigerant.
  • this invention creates effectively the conditions to fabricate directly in a factory, a high efficiency apparatus for the heating of water, that makes capable, as per the title of the invention to: collectively utilize solar thermal energy and the thermal energy of a fluid, through the use and combination of heat pump technology combined with a thermosyphon system (by integrating heat pump, solar thermal collector and water storage tank) in one structurally integrated and unified monoblock system, ready for installation and use.
  • the evaporator of the heat pump extends at least, and is affixed onto the solar energy receiving surface of the solar thermal collector, while the condenser of the heat pump, is substantially positioned in the water storage tank and immersed in the thermal transfer fluid.
  • Another important and fundamental aspect of the invention resides in that at least part of the surface of the evaporator of the heat pump is also part of the solar energy receiving surface of the solar thermal collector, thus augmenting the heat absorbing capacity of the entire system even in conditions of weak light (e.g. low solar isolation levels).
  • Another aspect of this invention is that there is provided a second evaporator from the heat pump that is placed below the insulated surface of the solar thermal collector, enabling thereby the absorption of heat that is commonly dispersed from the roof surface of a building, surface of which the monoblock apparatus is mounted and installed.
  • This innovation the use of both (two) evaporator circuits is very advantageous, in that the heat absorbing surface area is doubled without doubling the installed surface area of the entire apparatus.
  • the evaporator is interposed between the insulation of the solar thermal collector and the roof, it is thus partially protected from the "open” air, and because it also receives the emission of thermal energy lost from the roof, it thus reduces in some measure the necessity to enter into the de-icing cycle, therefore amongst other things, saving energy costs.
  • the condenser of the heat pump is in direct contact with the thermal transfer liquid that is to be heated in the water storage tank of the thermosyphon system.
  • the same condenser can also form part of a two circuit heat exchanger: a first circuit is for the water circulating in the space and/or sanitary water heat system of the edifice; a second circuit is for the hot refrigerant circulating in the heat pump.
  • a first circuit is for the water circulating in the space and/or sanitary water heat system of the edifice
  • a second circuit is for the hot refrigerant circulating in the heat pump.
  • Another important fact resides in that it is well known that water has a higher specific heat value than air, and thus can store more heat than air, and is also a more heat conductive material (than air) making it a more efficient means for the transfer of thermal energy. It is estimated that it requires around 4 times less energy to extract thermal energy with a heat pump from water as a heat source, rather than from "air" as the
  • a secondary water storage tank that is made to contain already used hot water (before being discard into a sewer) in which a bypass valve can be opened on command and have the warm water stored in such secondary tank be made to flow in an additional hydraulic circuit associated with one of the evaporator circuits (preferable the evaporator circuit below the insulated surface of the solar thermal collector).
  • This innovation will enable the heat pump to extract some of the residual heat of the stored water, and transfer this heat to the water storage tank further augmenting the efficiency of the system.
  • This innovation helps to extend greatly the operative seasonal time that the system can operate efficiently, in that during the cold season (also with below freezing temperatures) by using opportune microprocessors and software associated with the heat pump and it's sensors, the heat pump can "calculate” when it would be the most energetically efficient to extract heat from the secondary water storage tank instead from the cold ambient "air” as a heat source, thereby reducing the frequency of the de-icing cycle, and further increasing the general efficiency of the system especially during the winter seasons.
  • the solar thermal collector has integrated into it two separate circuits: one is the typical thermal transfer liquid (typically water/glycol) circuit of the solar thermal collector system and a second circuit typically the evaporator circuit of the heat pump containing the refrigerant. It is even possible that the same solar thermal collector can have three circuits incorporated into it; the two circuits already mentioned above, and a third hydraulic circuit that comes from the secondary water storage tank that contains the already used and stored hot water that can flow into the third circuit of the solar thermal collector.
  • the typical thermal transfer liquid typically water/glycol
  • thermal transfer liquid e.g. water or water/glycol mixture
  • circulation of the thermal transfer liquid can be by natural convection, or by the assistance of a pump.
  • the air source heat pump may be provided with a fan to force air over the receiving surface solar thermal collector (if enclosed with glass) to augment the transfer of the thermal energy from air to evaporator circuit.
  • Fig. 1 - shows the system of the invention, in one monoblock apparatus
  • Fig. 2 - shows a partial cutaway of the integrated system to evidence the circuits of the solar thermal collector and the heat pump.
  • Fig. 3 - shows a cross-section of part of the solar thermal collector of the integrated system.
  • the integrated system includes at least one solar thermal collector 11 , a heat pump 12 and a water storage tank 13 that contains the thermal transfer liquid to be heated, all unified together physically and functionally.
  • the solar thermal collector 11 has a solar radiation reception and absorption surface 14 (that can also have what is well known in the art, a selective surface, incorporated on it) and it's own hydraulic circuit 15, that contains the thermal transfer liquid, and that has thermal insulation 16 placed underneath, to impede thermal dispersion.
  • the thermal transfer liquid acquires heat from the solar radiation surface 14 of the solar thermal collector and then circulates by heat induced natural convection (and or by assistance of a pump - not shown) into the water storage tank 13, it heats the space water heating fluid or sanitary water flowing through a heat exchanger 24 (Fig.1) that is in contact with the now hotter thermal transfer liquid in the water storage tank.
  • the water storage tank 13 is usually insulated to reduce heat dispersion, and the heat exchange 24 can be connected, through a circuit 24', to whatever kind of space and/or sanitary water heating system is used in a building.
  • the heat pump 12 has a compressor 17 that can be placed in an opportune enclosure 18 and associated with the solar thermal collector 11 and with it's relative water storage tank 13.
  • the compressor 17 is connected to the evaporator 19, typically a metallic serpentine tube also functioning as a heat exchanger, and a condenser 20' also typically a metallic serpentine tube functioning as a heat exchanger.
  • the evaporator serpentine 19 extends and is integrated into the top surface of the solar thermal collector 11 and more precisely below the solar receiving surface 14.
  • the condenser serpentine extends and is positioned in the water storage tank 13 in contact with the thermal transfer liquid, or it can also be integrated into the space and/or sanitary water heat exchanger 20, that is immersed into the thermal transfer liquid.
  • the system can also include and consist of a second evaporator serpentine 21 placed below the insulation 16 of the solar thermal collector, and can include an additional hydraulic circuit 22 destined to circulate the already used hot water that is recovered and stored in the secondary water storage tank (not shown).

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'utilisation conjointe et concourante de l'énergie thermique solaire et de l'énergie thermique d'au moins un fluide pour chauffer de l'eau. Il comprend une pompe à chaleur, un collecteur de chaleur solaire, et un réservoir de stockage d'eau, connectés ensemble de manière fonctionnelle et unifiés pour former une seule structure unifiée et d'un seul tenant, formant un bloc unique prêt à l'installation, comportant tous les accessoires nécessaires à son fonctionnement et à son utilisation, afin de former un appareil unique et fonctionnel prêt à l'installation et à l'utilisation.
PCT/IT2006/000597 2006-08-03 2006-08-03 Système d'utilisation conjointe de l'énergie thermique solaire et de l'énergie thermique d'un fluide WO2008015705A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IT2006/000597 WO2008015705A1 (fr) 2006-08-03 2006-08-03 Système d'utilisation conjointe de l'énergie thermique solaire et de l'énergie thermique d'un fluide

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IT2006/000597 WO2008015705A1 (fr) 2006-08-03 2006-08-03 Système d'utilisation conjointe de l'énergie thermique solaire et de l'énergie thermique d'un fluide

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WO2008015705A1 true WO2008015705A1 (fr) 2008-02-07

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104197533B (zh) * 2014-09-16 2017-08-11 江苏双志新能源有限公司 一种多功能空气源热泵与太阳能热水系统

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2640754A1 (de) * 1976-09-10 1978-03-16 Karlheinz Dr Rer Nat Raetz In ein heizsystem integrierbarer sonnenlichtkollektor mit hohem wirkungsgrad
FR2418425A1 (fr) * 1978-02-22 1979-09-21 Termodinamica Spa Chauffe-eau monobloc thermodynamique
US4267825A (en) * 1979-06-27 1981-05-19 Entec Products Corporation Solar heat collector with heat pipes
EP0032381A1 (fr) * 1980-01-10 1981-07-22 Meinrad Grammer Installation de captage de l'énergie ambiante
JPS58142158A (ja) * 1982-02-18 1983-08-23 Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd 太陽熱利用のヒ−トポンプ式熱源装置
FR2558245A1 (fr) * 1984-09-13 1985-07-19 Edouard Serras Paulet Installation de chauffage solaire
FR2568991A1 (fr) * 1984-08-07 1986-02-14 Alexanddoff Georges Centrale solaire
US4674476A (en) * 1975-05-27 1987-06-23 Wilson Neill R Solar heating and cooling apparatus
EP0336751A2 (fr) * 1988-04-08 1989-10-11 Siddons Ramset Limited Chauffe-eau
WO2000055549A1 (fr) * 1999-03-16 2000-09-21 Helmut Juran Centrale solaire decentralisee
DE20104591U1 (de) * 2001-03-15 2001-06-28 Juran Helmut Dezentrale solare Energiezentrale
EP1288581A2 (fr) * 2001-08-31 2003-03-05 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co Chaudière compacte

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4674476A (en) * 1975-05-27 1987-06-23 Wilson Neill R Solar heating and cooling apparatus
DE2640754A1 (de) * 1976-09-10 1978-03-16 Karlheinz Dr Rer Nat Raetz In ein heizsystem integrierbarer sonnenlichtkollektor mit hohem wirkungsgrad
FR2418425A1 (fr) * 1978-02-22 1979-09-21 Termodinamica Spa Chauffe-eau monobloc thermodynamique
US4267825A (en) * 1979-06-27 1981-05-19 Entec Products Corporation Solar heat collector with heat pipes
EP0032381A1 (fr) * 1980-01-10 1981-07-22 Meinrad Grammer Installation de captage de l'énergie ambiante
JPS58142158A (ja) * 1982-02-18 1983-08-23 Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd 太陽熱利用のヒ−トポンプ式熱源装置
FR2568991A1 (fr) * 1984-08-07 1986-02-14 Alexanddoff Georges Centrale solaire
FR2558245A1 (fr) * 1984-09-13 1985-07-19 Edouard Serras Paulet Installation de chauffage solaire
EP0336751A2 (fr) * 1988-04-08 1989-10-11 Siddons Ramset Limited Chauffe-eau
WO2000055549A1 (fr) * 1999-03-16 2000-09-21 Helmut Juran Centrale solaire decentralisee
DE20104591U1 (de) * 2001-03-15 2001-06-28 Juran Helmut Dezentrale solare Energiezentrale
EP1288581A2 (fr) * 2001-08-31 2003-03-05 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co Chaudière compacte

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104197533B (zh) * 2014-09-16 2017-08-11 江苏双志新能源有限公司 一种多功能空气源热泵与太阳能热水系统

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