WO2008014956A1 - Procédé pour l'alignement d'un système électronique - Google Patents

Procédé pour l'alignement d'un système électronique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2008014956A1
WO2008014956A1 PCT/EP2007/006721 EP2007006721W WO2008014956A1 WO 2008014956 A1 WO2008014956 A1 WO 2008014956A1 EP 2007006721 W EP2007006721 W EP 2007006721W WO 2008014956 A1 WO2008014956 A1 WO 2008014956A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
values
target
target function
class
limit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2007/006721
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Reiner Franke
Original Assignee
Atmel Duisburg Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102006057517A external-priority patent/DE102006057517A1/de
Application filed by Atmel Duisburg Gmbh filed Critical Atmel Duisburg Gmbh
Priority to EP07786425A priority Critical patent/EP1992090A1/fr
Publication of WO2008014956A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008014956A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/36—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C3/00—Angle modulation
    • H03C3/38—Angle modulation by converting amplitude modulation to angle modulation
    • H03C3/40—Angle modulation by converting amplitude modulation to angle modulation using two signal paths the outputs of which have a predetermined phase difference and at least one output being amplitude-modulated
    • H03C3/406—Angle modulation by converting amplitude modulation to angle modulation using two signal paths the outputs of which have a predetermined phase difference and at least one output being amplitude-modulated using a feedback loop containing mixers or demodulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
    • H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
    • H04B17/21—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for calibration; for correcting measurements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for adjusting an electronic system, in which n many parameters of the system can be specified, which correspond to an n-dimensional adjustment space, wherein at the beginning of the adjustment two limit values are given per parameter, which define a corresponding output range in the n-dimensional adjustment space. limit dimensional adjustment space, and repeat the following steps until an abort condition is met:
  • Alignment methods of this type are known.
  • the adjustment methods using binary search principle provide for each iteration a halving of the output range for a subsequent iteration, for example, in a one-dimensional adjustment space with a parameter, assigning an output range for the subsequent iteration to the limit whose target function value is closer to the matching target.
  • a disadvantage of this method is the fact that erroneous target function values, such as are typically obtained by measuring a physical quantity of the system, can make erroneous decisions with regard to the assignment of the output range for the subsequent iteration, which leads to suboptimal matching.
  • a measurement error may occur such that the actual target function value assigned to a limit value comes less close to the matching target to be achieved than a target function value which is assigned to another limit value. This is by the conventional methods made a wrong decision regarding the further evaluation of the adjustment space or in the definition of the output range, the u. U. prevented in the subsequent iterations, a further approximation to the matching target to be achieved.
  • Target function values corresponding to a target criterion are assigned to a first class, and wherein all of the objective function values that do not correspond to the target criterion are assigned to a second class, and defining the modified output range for the subsequent class
  • the classification according to the invention of the target function values advantageously makes it possible to consider a plurality of target function values instead of the single supposedly best objective function value which is used in the conventional methods alone for defining the new output range and thus to avoid or make incorrect decisions, for example, caused by measurement errors with respect to the newly defined output range To reduce the impact of this.
  • a plurality of target function values contained in the first class according to the invention a more precise definition of the output range for the subsequent iteration is possible than in the case of the conventional methods.
  • the adjustment method according to the invention advantageously leads to optimum adjustment values in a minimum number of adjustment steps.
  • a threshold value for the target function values is used as the target criterion.
  • the target function values associated with the first class can be determined by checking whether they exceed or fall short of the predefinable threshold value.
  • the fault tolerance of the balancing method according to the invention can thus be set, which can also be done dynamically, ie during a calibration process. For example, during a first number of iterations, a first threshold may be set, and for a second number of subsequent iterations, a second threshold may be set, and so forth.
  • the threshold value is chosen in such a way that at least two target function values are assigned to the first class, a measurement error in one of these two target function values in the context of the method according to the invention does not have the same effect on the further comparison, as with conventional methods.
  • such a measurement error would lead to the selection or definition of a completely incorrect new output range for the subsequent iteration, while the output range in the method according to the invention is also formed as a function of the other target function value not having such a measurement error, so that at least no completely wrong output range is obtained.
  • the fault tolerance of the method according to the invention is achieved in that a measurement error would have to be greater than the threshold value in order to make a faulty decision for the changed output range.
  • the modified output range for the subsequent iteration is chosen to be closer to each limit associated with a target function value of the first class than at a threshold corresponding to a target function value of the second Class is assigned.
  • the exit area or an altered exit area have the same length in each dimension.
  • the length of the changed output region preferably in each of the n many dimensions corresponds to half the length of the output region of the preceding iteration.
  • other educational regulations can be used for the output area to be used in a subsequent iteration, which for example do not provide for a halving of the respective length.
  • the termination condition depends on a measurement accuracy in the measurement of the physical quantity and / or the number of iterations passed through and / or the size of the current output range .
  • the step of evaluating in accordance with the invention for determining the target function values comprises the measurement and / or evaluation of at least one physical variable of the system, it is particularly advantageous to discontinue the calibration method according to the invention if the determined target function values are only offset by such an amount from one another. differ from the adjustment target, which is about the order of the achievable processing accuracy in the evaluation.
  • a conventionally known measurement accuracy can advantageously also be taken into account in order not to carry out an unnecessarily large number of adjustment steps.
  • the balancing method according to the invention can advantageously be used in general in any electronic system which has one or more parameters to be adjusted and, for determining the achievement of a balancing target, comprises the measurement and / or evaluation of physical variables.
  • the balancing method according to the invention can be used, for example, for balancing an upward mixer with respect to an undesired residual carrier, wherein two parameters of the upward mixer can be specified which influence the application of two input signals of the up-converter, preferably an in-phase component and a quadrature component, with an offset ,
  • the remaining residual carrier of the up-mixer which is measured in a manner known per se, is accordingly used as the objective function, as a result of which the described objective function values are obtained, which indicate how well the matching target is already is reached.
  • the balancing method according to the invention is not limited to the balancing of a system with two parameters. It is also possible to systematically and particularly advantageously also error-tolerantly search three-dimensional or multi-dimensional calibration spaces using the calibration method according to the invention, whereby optimal calibration values are always obtained in a minimum number of iterations.
  • an electronic system configured to carry out the method of the invention.
  • a system may, for example, have its own control unit for carrying out the method.
  • the functionality according to the invention can preferably also be implemented in an already existing control unit of an existing electronic system in which, for example, the conventional balancing methods are used.
  • FIG. 1a shows an output region for carrying out a first iteration of the adjustment method according to the invention in a two-dimensional adjustment space
  • FIG. 1 b shows an output range for a further iteration of the calibration method according to the invention
  • FIG. 1c shows an output range for a third iteration of the calibration method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified flow diagram of an embodiment of the invention Adjustment method
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram of an electronic system according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram of a transceiver.
  • FIG. 1a schematically shows a detail of a two-dimensional parameter space spanned by the parameters x, y.
  • the parameters x, y are quantities which influence the operation of the electronic system 200 shown schematically in FIG. 4, and which are to be adjusted using the balancing method according to the invention in order to ensure optimum operation of the electronic system 200.
  • the electronic system 200 is presently represented by an up-converter to which two input signals not shown in Fig. 4 are applied, and which processes the input signals in a manner known per se.
  • an undesired residual carrier is produced, which can be influenced by means of the parameters x, y.
  • the parameters x, y in the present example correspond to quantities which are used for offset adjustment of the input signals of the up-converter 200 and are accordingly added to the input signals in order to compensate for the described asymmetries.
  • a minimum residual carrier is established, which corresponds to the matching target to be achieved.
  • the residual carrier to be determined in a known manner, or a variable representing the residual carrier is dependent on the parameters x, y
  • Target function by means of which the attainment of the matching goal of minimal residual carrier can be quantified.
  • two limit values x.sub. ⁇ , x.sub.l, y.sub. ⁇ , y.sub.l are predetermined per parameter x, y, which limit a corresponding output region BO in the two-dimensional adjustment space shown by a rectangle in FIG.
  • the subsequent adjustment determines the value combination for the parameters x, y lying in the output region B_0 at which a minimum residual carrier is obtained at the output of the up-converter 200 (FIG. 4).
  • Ia a range of 64 possible so-called to be reached for reaching the matching target.
  • a first step 100 of the inventive method which is illustrated by the flowchart shown in Figure 2, the limit values x ⁇ , xl, y ⁇ , yl limiting the output range BO are first examined with regard to the achievement of the matching target.
  • x ⁇ for each of the limit values, xl, y ⁇ , yl or (for corresponding boundary points GO (X 0, yo), Gl X 0, y ⁇ , G2, G3 evaluated the objective function described above, wherein the objective function values corresponding to received the respective limit values be assigned.
  • the evaluation of the objective function is carried out by appropriately setting the parameters x, y to the respective limit values and by measuring the output signal of the up-converter 200 (FIG. 4), whereby the corresponding target function value is finally obtained.
  • a target function value is present in step 100 which indicates a residual carrier remaining at the respective parameter values.
  • a target criterion is specified, which is preferably a threshold value for the
  • Target function values is. For example, all those objective function values become the first one
  • Class associated with the best objective function value i. the objective function value that the
  • the first class is usually assigned multiple objective function values, all in a comparable manner to an approximation to the matching target, while those target function values that deviate by more than the threshold from the best target function value are assigned to the second class.
  • a modified output range is defined for a next iteration.
  • this definition is advantageously carried out as a function of those target function values which are assigned to the first class and which accordingly are closer to the matching target to be achieved than those target function values which are contained in the second class.
  • the evaluation in step 100, FIG. 2 has shown that the limit points GO, G1 corresponding to the parameter or limit values x ⁇ , y ⁇ and x ⁇ , y1 are contained in the first class. Accordingly, the output region B_l for a subsequent iteration of the method according to the invention, cf. Figure Ib, advantageously chosen to be closer to the boundary points GO, Gl associated with the objective function values of the first class than to those boundary points G2, G3 included in the second class.
  • the new parameter values limiting the changed output range B_1 or the associated limit points are chosen as shown in FIG. 1b, cf. the filled circles in the corners of the exit area B l.
  • the other points of the adjustment space contained in the output area B 1 are symbolized by means of unfilled circles, while the remaining points of the output area B O considered in the context of the preceding iteration are indicated by circles having dashed borders.
  • the classification of the target function values according to the invention and the consideration of all target function values contained in the first class or the limit values of the parameters x, y or the limit points assigned to them make the adjustment method according to the invention error-tolerant. For example, if a wrong target function value for the boundary point GO is obtained, for example, by a measurement error in the determination of the corresponding target function values during the step 100 of the evaluation, this would be the case in a conventional adjustment method, in which only the target function value closest to the matching target for determining the position of a following Output range is used, which cause erroneous formation of the modified adjustment range B_l.
  • the inventive method allows the consideration of several relatively "good” parameter or limit values or limit points, which are sufficiently close to the target to be achieved with their target function values, avoids the risk of a complete misallocation of the changed output range B_l due to a measurement error
  • Output range B_l according to the invention arranged so that it is in the vicinity of the two promising border points GO, Gl of the first class, so that even with an erroneous assignment of a boundary point of the modified output range B l is not completely wrong placed.
  • a check is made as to whether an abort condition has been reached for the inventive matching method, and if this is not the case, steps 100, 110 are repeated in a next iteration.
  • a new modified output region B_2 is obtained, which is located substantially in the vicinity of the boundary point G4, because in steps 100, 110 of the subsequent iteration only the boundary point G4 or a target function value assigned to it is the required one Has reached the target criterion and belongs to the first class.
  • step 120 If, however, it is determined in step 120 that the abort criterion is present, the adjustment method according to the invention is aborted and it can be assumed that the parameters x, y or the corresponding target function value found thereby are sufficiently close to the matching target to be achieved. That is, in the present case as an up-converting electronic system 200, see. 4, it can then be assumed that the best possible offset matching takes place using the found parameters x, y and the undesired residual carrier is correspondingly minimized. These parameters x, y are stored in step 130 (FIG. 2) of the method according to the invention in order to be available for future use.
  • the abort criterion for the query 120 can be selected, for example, as a function of a measurement accuracy with which the target function values can be determined. As soon as the target function values assigned to the different limit values or limit points to be examined during the evaluation 100 only differ by amounts that are of the order of magnitude of the measurement accuracy of the residual carrier or other physical quantities, another search in the adjustment space is not expediently and the already found parameter values are stored as optimal parameter values, step 130, and for the rest
  • the absolute number of continuous iterations during the calibration process according to the invention can likewise be used to form the termination condition, so that it is ensured that the method according to the invention does not exceed a predefinable maximum number of iteration steps. Also, the remaining size or number of discrete parameter values of an output range B_l can enter into the formation of the termination criterion.
  • the output range B O, B_1, B_2 has the same length in each dimension, which leads to square output ranges B0, B1, B2 in the example described above with reference to FIGS. 1a to 1c.
  • Such a design of the output regions makes a systematic examination of the adjustment space particularly easy.
  • the inventive matching method is not limited to two-dimensional adjustment spaces. It is also conceivable to examine matching spaces with three or more dimensions or correspondingly many parameters, as well as one-dimensional adjustment spaces. In any case, the erf Klassndungsconcee classification of the limit values or limit points associated target function values a fault-tolerant search for optimal matching parameters given, which - comparable to the principle of binary search - leads in a minimum number of iterations to optimal matching values.
  • FIGS. 3 a to 3 e again symbolize different cases, again based on a two-dimensional adjustment space, which may occur in the evaluation of the objective function or the classification of corresponding target function values and in the formation of modified output ranges B_1.
  • the dashed square BO represents in each case an output region for the first iteration of the method according to the invention
  • a square B 1 executed by a solid line represents the modified output region for the subsequent iteration of the calibration method according to the invention, which depends on corresponding limit values or limit points according to the invention has been determined.
  • respective boundary points or their target function values in the first class are contained within the output area B_0, from which a central arrangement of the changed output area B_l within the output area B_0 can be seen, as shown in FIG.
  • the definition of the changed output range B 1 for a subsequent iteration is advantageously carried out in accordance with the above-described principle that the changed output range B_I is always preferably arranged in closer proximity to limit points whose target function values have been assigned to the first class.
  • the exact selection of the limit values or limit points for the changed output range B_1 or its shape and / or size can be modified almost arbitrarily and adapted to the respective given conditions.
  • B_0, B_l, B_2 of equal length with respect to each dimension and a halving of this length from iteration to iteration are preferably used, in particular due to the favorable implementation in a computing or control unit 300 (FIG. 5) carrying out the inventive matching method.
  • the measurement or evaluation of the physical quantity such as, e.g. 4 of the residual carrier of the upward mixer 200 shown in FIG. 4, with a lower accuracy, so that a corresponding expense can be reduced and the duration of the balancing process can be shortened without having to forego the optimum balancing values.
  • FIG. 5 shows a simplified block diagram of a transmitting / receiving device for a data transmission system according to IEEE 802.16 (WiMax) with an up-converter 200, which is adjusted by the method according to the invention.
  • WiMax IEEE 802.16
  • the transceiver 400 comprises a baseband unit (BB) 410, addition nodes 420, 421, an up-converter 200, an oscillator 430, a quadrature generator 431, a subtraction node 440, a power amplifier (PA) 450, an antenna 460 and a control unit (CTRL ) 300 on.
  • BB baseband unit
  • PA power amplifier
  • CTRL control unit
  • the baseband unit (BB) 410 provides a complex-valued transmission signal with an in-phase component 10 and a quadrature component QO, which is to be transmitted as far as possible without distortion.
  • the addition nodes 420 and 421 add to the respective signal 10 and QO respectively the respective parameters x and y provided by the offset compensation control unit 300 and thus form the input signals Il and Ql of the up-converter 200.
  • the oscillator 430 provides a local oscillator signal from which the quadrature generator 431 derives an in-phase component (0) and a quadrature component (90) of the local oscillator signal.
  • the up-converter 200 mixes the input signals II, Ql with the in-phase component (0) and the quadrature component (90) of the local oscillator signal, the output signal being formed by subtracting the two resulting signals in the subtraction node 440.
  • the transmission signal thus formed is finally amplified by the power amplifier (PA) 450 and radiated via the antenna 460.
  • PA power amplifier
  • the control unit 300 (and thus the transmitting / receiving device 400 or the electronic system) is designed to carry out the method according to the invention. For this purpose, it evaluates the output signal of the subtraction node 440, deduces therefrom parameter values x, y and supplies the input signals of the up-converter 200 with these parameters until the up-converter 200 is adjusted in the context of the above-described iterative method.
  • a rotational extension of the input signals of the up-converter with two parameters x, y can be made.
  • the invention can also be advantageously used in transmitting / receiving devices which are specified according to other standards for data transmission.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour l'alignement d'un système électronique (200), dans lequel n paramètres (x, y) du système (200) peuvent être prédéterminés, lesquels correspondent à un espace d'alignement n-dimensionnel. Au début de l'alignement, deux valeurs limites (x0, XI y0, yl) sont prédéterminées par paramètre (x, y). Ces valeurs délimitent une zone de sortie correspondante (B_O) dans l'espace d'alignement n-dimensionnel. Il est prévu selon le procédé que les étapes suivantes soient répétées jusqu'à ce qu'une condition de rupture soit atteinte : Évaluation (100) d'une fonction cible quantifiant l'atteinte d'une cible d'alignement pour les valeurs limites (x0, xl, yϑ, yl) limitant la zone de sortie (B O) , l'évaluation comprenant la mesure et/ou l'évaluation d'au moins une des grandeurs physiques du système (200), qui dépend du paramètre respectif (x, y) respectivement de sa valeur limite (x0, xl, y0, yl), et des valeurs de fonction cible correspondantes associées aux valeurs limites sont ainsi obtenues, - Définition (110) d'une zone de sortie (B_l, B_2) modifiée, en particulier réduite pour une itération suivante en fonction des valeurs de fonction cible obtenues. Conformément à l'invention, les valeurs de fonction cible sont associées à deux classes différentes, où toutes les valeurs de fonction cible, qui correspondent à un critère cible, sont associées à une première classe et toutes les valeurs de fonction cible qui ne correspondent pas à un critère cible, sont associées à une seconde classe et la définition de la zone de sortie modifiée (B_l, B_2) pour l'itération suivante s'effectue en fonction des valeurs de fonction cible qui sont associées à la première classe.
PCT/EP2007/006721 2006-07-31 2007-07-30 Procédé pour l'alignement d'un système électronique WO2008014956A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07786425A EP1992090A1 (fr) 2006-07-31 2007-07-30 Procédé pour l'alignement d'un système électronique

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US83417206P 2006-07-31 2006-07-31
US60/834,172 2006-07-31
DE102006057517A DE102006057517A1 (de) 2006-08-01 2006-12-06 Verfahren zum Abgleich eines elektronischen Systems
DE102006057517.2 2006-12-06

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2008014956A1 true WO2008014956A1 (fr) 2008-02-07

Family

ID=38542633

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/006721 WO2008014956A1 (fr) 2006-07-31 2007-07-30 Procédé pour l'alignement d'un système électronique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1992090A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008014956A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030095607A1 (en) * 2001-10-16 2003-05-22 Xinping Huang System and method for direct transmitter self-calibration
US20040230393A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2004-11-18 Peter Andersson Fast calibration of electronic components
US20050018788A1 (en) * 2003-07-24 2005-01-27 Sumit Talwalkar Method and apparatus for RF carrier suppression

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030095607A1 (en) * 2001-10-16 2003-05-22 Xinping Huang System and method for direct transmitter self-calibration
US20040230393A1 (en) * 2003-05-14 2004-11-18 Peter Andersson Fast calibration of electronic components
US20050018788A1 (en) * 2003-07-24 2005-01-27 Sumit Talwalkar Method and apparatus for RF carrier suppression

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1992090A1 (fr) 2008-11-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3785177B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour determiner une configuration de reseau d'un reseau neuronal
DE60004709T2 (de) Verfahren zur überprüfung einer abbildung eines vortrainierten neuronalen netzwerks für den gebrauch in sicherheitskritischer software
DE4332273A1 (de) Verfahren zum Kalibrieren eines Netzwerkanalysators
DE112006002928T5 (de) Positionsabtastfehler-Korrekturverfahren
DE19702600A1 (de) Elektrische Analyse integrierter Schaltungen
EP3086470B1 (fr) Procédé de fabrication d'une matrice de couplage destinée à l'accord des filtres et dispositif d'accord de filtres
DE19751544C2 (de) Fehleranalysator
DE60302387T2 (de) Messpunktauswahl zur Erstellung eines Bitfehlerratediagramms
DE102016109681A1 (de) Dynamische Auswahl einer Nieder-ZF-Einspeisungsseite
EP3911962A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif permettant de déterminer la compatibilité électromagnétique (cem) d'un système technique
DE3912795C2 (fr)
DE4327660C2 (de) Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer und Herstellungsverfahren für eine integrierte Halbleiterschaltungsvorrichtung und elektronische Schaltungsvorrichtung
WO2008014956A1 (fr) Procédé pour l'alignement d'un système électronique
DE112013004307T5 (de) Systeme und Verfahren für eine zustandsbasierte Testfallgenerierung zur Software-Validierung
DE112018006331B4 (de) Testfallgenerierungsvorrichtung, Testfallgenerierungsverfahren und Testfallgenerierungsprogramm
DE102019209561A1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Optimieren eines Leiterplattenmaterials für die Herstellung einer Leiterplatte mithilfe eines Bayes`schen Optimierungsprozesses
DE102005039394B4 (de) Verfahren zum Suchen potentieller Fehler eines Layouts einer integrierten Schaltung
DE10015286A1 (de) System, Verfahren und Produkt mit Computerbefehlssatz zum automatischen Abschätzen experimenteller Ergebnisse
DE4309958C1 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur ortsauflösenden Magnetresonanzuntersuchung eines Meßobjekts
DE10393430T5 (de) Verfahren zur Korrektur eines Maskenmusters
DE102006057517A1 (de) Verfahren zum Abgleich eines elektronischen Systems
DE102020128966B4 (de) Verfahren zur Kalibration einer Messeinrichtung
DE10222700A1 (de) Optimierungsverfahren mit validierten Approximationsmodellen
DE102013201914A1 (de) System und Verfahren zur Kalibrierung eines Netzwerkanalysators und zur Charakterisierung einer Messhalterung
DE10222699A1 (de) Regelbasiertes Optimierungsverfahren

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 07786425

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2007786425

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: RU