WO2008012212A2 - Schaltungsanordnung - Google Patents
Schaltungsanordnung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2008012212A2 WO2008012212A2 PCT/EP2007/057222 EP2007057222W WO2008012212A2 WO 2008012212 A2 WO2008012212 A2 WO 2008012212A2 EP 2007057222 W EP2007057222 W EP 2007057222W WO 2008012212 A2 WO2008012212 A2 WO 2008012212A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pwm
- commutation
- contact
- signal
- circuit arrangement
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
Definitions
- the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for controlling a brushless electric motor, comprising a control module, in particular a microcontroller, having a number of PWM contacts, via which a PWM signal can be output, and a number of commutation contacts, via which a commutation signal can be output , having.
- the output signals generated by such circuitry are used to control a brushless electric motor.
- Such an electric motor has a number of winding strands or phases, which are usually arranged along the circumferential direction of a stator.
- a rotating magnetic field is generated by a ge ⁇ controlled energization of the winding phases, of which one having Direction usually permanent magnets rotor is driven.
- electric motors with three phase windings are known, which are arranged in a star connection and can thus be energized via three motor terminals.
- the characteristics of the electric motor, in particular speed and torque can be controlled.
- the commutation signal encodes the duration of the current supply for each individual phase winding or the duration of a corresponding voltage supply, for example for each individual motor terminal.
- the commutation signal can be introduced into a control in such a way that energization of the associated winding strand or a voltage supply of the associated motor terminal can only take place at a corresponding level of the signal.
- the two levels HIGH or LOW are used for this purpose.
- the PWM signal is used to vary the FFM during Bestro- or commutation phase to the respective winding strand ⁇ applied voltage or for varying the voltage applied to the associated motor terminal potential.
- a PWM or pulse width modulation signal specifies the on and off time of a square wave signal at a fixed fundamental frequency.
- the duration of time of the square wave signal within a PWM clock cycle the voltage applied in the Middle voltage can be varied for ei ⁇ nen sluggish consumer. If the square-wave signal is switched on, for example, only half of the total available time, then the consumer sees on average only half of the voltage present during the switch-on time.
- the PWM signal is linked to the commutation signal via a logic module in the manner of a gate to control the respective winding strands or motor terminals of a brushless electric motor.
- a logic device for example, an OR gate, as it is for controlling the output of the OR gate, a signal is available which then responds ent ⁇ the PWM signal when the same is the commutation signal on the LOW level.
- the associated motor terminal is speaking ⁇ ent supplies the output voltage signal with a PWM-clocked chip. Is the commutation signal on the
- the output signal of the OR gate is constantly at the HIGH level.
- the motor terminal is supplied with a constant voltage signal, in particular pulled to ground or to a low ground potential.
- an AND gate as a logic device, it behaves the other way round.
- the degrees of freedom with respect to the control possibilities of the electric motor are limited by such a wiring.
- the activation of the Elect ⁇ romotors for example by means of a fed from an intermediate circuit converter having a number of controllable switching elements for the clocked switching between the two potentials of the intermediate circuit, so can be used for a winding strand, the so-called high-side switching element, that the one switching element, which the motor supply line switches to the high potential of the DC link, can not be controlled independently of the LOWSIDE switching element, which switches the motor supply line to the low potential of the DC link.
- only one einzi ⁇ ges PWM signal is available for both switching elements.
- the object of the invention is to design a circuit arrangement of the type mentioned in such a way that the number of control options over an embodiment according to the prior art increases with the same number of PWM contacts.
- the invention is based in a first step on the consideration that many control components and in particular Microcontroller have contacts that are alternately configurable both as an input and as an output. If the respective contact is configured as an output, then the output signal dominates in the supply line. A possibly other Sig- nal in the supply line is on the level of the contact Gezo ⁇ gene. Thus, the output from each control device output signal to be gripped from ⁇ via a correspondingly contacted supply line. If the corresponding contact as a ⁇ A gear configured so predominates A possibly in the connecting line contained signal. In other words, the signal dominates in the supply line.
- the invention is based on the consideration that the adjustment of the signal level in a supply line is suitable as input or output for generating a control signal for the brushless electric motor, depending on the configuration of the connected contact.
- the alterna- tive configuration as input or output provides a total of three options for a digital control signal.
- a configuration of the contact as an output it is possible to pull a signal in the supply line either to the level HIGH or to the level LOW corresponding to the respective output signal of the contact. If, on the other hand, the contact is configured as an input, the signal applied via the connecting line is not influenced by the contact.
- the invention recognizes that the necessary control signal for a winding str Lucas of the brushless electric motor by means of a commutation signal and a PWM signal by increasing the control ⁇ possibilities can be realized in that the PWM-contact electrically connected to the corresponding commutation contact is connected, which is alternately controllable as input and output.
- the tapped off via a connecting line with the contact PWM control signal then has either the HIGH level or the LOW level at a confi guration ⁇ Kommut réelles giftedes as output.
- the commutation contact as input dominates the PWM signal in the adjacent line.
- a control signal can thus be generated independently of the PWM signal, which is permanently at the level LOW or at the level HIGH.
- a permanent level LOW of the control signal independent of the PWM signal is not possible in a conventional circuit arrangement with an OR operation between the PWM signal and the commutation signal.
- a permanent adjustment of the control signal to the level HIGH is not achievable.
- the invention offers over a conventional
- the invention is basically suitable for driving each brushless electric motor.
- the invention for actuating of fan motors is how they are used for example in the Automo ⁇ biltechnik application.
- the invention is not limited to that notwendi ⁇ gate all commutation contacts, which are used for driving a respective motor terminal, or in each case one winding phase are alternately controllable as input and output. To increase the degrees of freedom in the control, it is sufficient to select one of the commutation so controllable.
- the invention does not require the use of a special control module. Because the control modules usually used to control a brushless electric motor have the functionality to configure the contacts alternately ⁇ as an input or output. Conveniently, the at least one Kommut réelleskon ⁇ clock which alternately is confi ⁇ gurable as input or as output, connected via a resistor comparable to the PWM contact.
- all the commutation contacts are configured alternately as inputs and outputs controllable and electrically connected to a PWM contact.
- the number of control options is increased for each commutation signal and thus for each winding ⁇ strand of the electric motor to be energized.
- this also several PWM contacts can be used, which are each electrically connected to the associated commutation.
- all the commutation contacts are alternately controllable as inputs and outputs and each connected to a single PWM contact. This makes it possible, with a favorable control module, which has only a single PWM contact, to control the motor terminals or the phase windings of a brushless electric motor with respect to a conventional circuit arrangement with improved functionality.
- a PWM contact via a series circuit of a resistor and a capacitor with a ground potential, in particular ⁇ special with ground, connected to another as input and output controllable contact of the control module between the resistor and the Capacitance is connected, and wherein between resistor and capacitance, a voltage signal can be tapped.
- additional circuitry of the PWM contact he ⁇ enables without the use of a digital / analog converter which He ⁇ generating an analog reference voltage.
- the commutation contacts connected to the PWM contact are each configured as inputs.
- the other as input and output contact controllable as defined as input as an analog voltage can be sauce ⁇ attacked whose height can be adjusted on the PWM timing between resistance and capacitance.
- the further contact which can be controlled as input and output, in a sense acts as a switch. If it is configured as an output, a DAC ⁇ erhaftes signal either on the HIGH level or the LOW Pe ⁇ gel is produced as an output signal.
- the comparison voltage can be generated, for example, when independent operating ranges of the electric motor exist in which the PWM signal is not needed for Bestromungs Kunststoffung. This is the case, for example, in lighting gaps or in a permanent energization of a winding strand.
- the commutation contacts inverter are advantageously fed through a driver module to one of a DC voltage circuit or intermediate circuit, in particular PWM controllable connected.
- the driver module transfers the control signals of the control module into corresponding power signals, which drive the switching elements of the converter.
- the latter has in particular for a Mo ⁇ torzu ein two controllable switching elements, as in ⁇ game as MOSFET's or IGBT's, which are connected in series between the supply line and the return line of the DC voltage intermediate circuit, wherein the switching elements JE because of a control line of the driver module to the
- Control signals in particular to the commutation, are bound to ⁇ . Since in a conventional circuit arrangement according to the prior art - as mentioned above - the HIGHSIDE switching elements of the inverter are not independently controlled by the LOWSIDE switching elements, usually only the respective HIGHSIDE switching element PWM clocked, while the
- LOWSIDE switching element is either open or closed. However, such a wiring or control leads to an uneven power loss. Thus, in the HIGHSIDE switching elements switching losses predominate and in the LOWSIDE switching elements line losses. Be against both
- the invention allows Kommut istszuident that could not be controlled so far.
- a control module with le ⁇ diglich a PWM contact, a motor terminal to the supply line of the DC link and a motor terminal to the return line of the DC link and another motor terminal, for example, with a duty cycle of 90% of the voltage of To drive DC link.
- the invention provides the ability to drive to achieve a predetermined voltage between the motor terminals, the corresponding HIGHSIDE switching element with a duty cycle of 100% and the corresponding LOWSIDE switching element with egg ⁇ nem desired duty cycle by using the PWM signal.
- the HIGHSIDE switching element with a duty cycle of 60% PWM clock had to be clocked during a low-side switching element was permanently open, it is with the dung oF INVENTION ⁇ optionally also possible for the high-side switching element with a duty ratio of 100% (control signal has the level HIGH) and the LOWSIDE switching element with a Tastver ⁇ ratio of 40% PWM controlled to operate.
- the invention can also be used to determine the position of the electric motor for its regulation or control.
- the electric motor is operated to achieve high speeds such that the block commutation of the electromotive force (short EMF), ie the voltage induced in the winding strands voraneilt, so a position determination can not be determined by detecting the zero crossing of the emf.
- short EMF electromotive force
- the energization of the corresponding winding strand already starts, so that the induced voltage as such can no longer be detected.
- the EMF is to be measured at a location not equal to the zero crossing.
- a comparison voltage which is compared by a comparator with the precisely measured ⁇ NEN voltage value of the EMF.
- This voltage can be generated by means of the PWM contact of the control module, as described above, by passing the PWM signal to an RC element.
- the comparison voltage results from the predetermined duty cycle of the PWM signal.
- the respective commutation contact of the control module can be configured as an output during this time. This allows the PWM Use signal for generating the comparison signal and to make a position determination by measuring the value of the emf by means of the comparison signal.
- a digital / analogue converter can be dispensed with.
- FIG. 1 shows a circuit arrangement in which a PWM contact is connected in each case via resistors with commutation contacts
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit arrangement according to the prior art
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit arrangement according to FIG
- PWM contact is additionally connected to an RC element and
- FIG. 4 shows a circuit arrangement analogous to FIG. 3, which is connected to a
- Driver module for controlling an electric motor is connected by means of an inverter.
- the circuit arrangement 1 shows a circuit arrangement 1 for driving a brushless electric motor (not shown).
- the circuit arrangement 1 has a control module 2 in the form of a microcontroller, which contains a number of configurable contacts 4. At least a portion of the contacts 4 is alternately as input and output as confi ⁇ gurable.
- the control module 2 in particular three commutation 5, 6 and 7, which are also each kon ⁇ figurable both as inputs and as outputs.
- the three commutation contacts 5, 6 and 7 respectively generate a commutation signal, which can be used to Steue ⁇ tion of the power supply in each case a motor terminal of a bipolar three-phase electric motor.
- the outputs of the three commutation contacts are 5,6,7 Kings ⁇ nen used in particular for driving the respective high-side switching elements of a supplied by a DC To ⁇ judicature.
- the control block 2 to a PWM contact 8 serving a configurable PWM signal for PWM clocking the attached ⁇ controlled switching elements.
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit arrangement 20 according to the prior art.
- the circuit arrangement 20 according to FIG 2 in this case comprises the same control module 2 as the circuit arrangement 1 according to FIG 1.
- the control signal which can be tapped off for the switching elements via the connecting lines 10, 11 and 12 is instead replaced by a logical connection between the PWM signal of the PWM contact 8 and the respective commutation signal. generated rung signals of the commutation 5,6 and 7.
- the PWM signal and the respective commutation ⁇ signals are each linked via a logic device 21,22 and 23 respectively.
- the logic modules 21, 22 and 23 are each an OR gate.
- the respective control signal corresponds to the PWM signal of the PWM contact 8 is the commutation signal on the HIGH level, the respective control signal is also at the level HIGH pulled. A permanent generation of a control signal with the level LOW is not possible.
- the HIGHSIDE switching elements of Umrich ⁇ age be supplied by means of control signals from the connecting lines 10,11 and 12 as shown, which are logically linked via an OR gate to the PWM signal.
- the jewei- time low-side switching elements of the inverter are entspre ⁇ accordingly generated by logically combining further Kommut istssigna ⁇ le with the PWM signal with the aid of an AND gate.
- circuit arrangement 1 according to FIG. 1 offers more possibilities for controlling the electric motor than the circuit arrangement 20 according to FIG. 2.
- FIG. 3 a circuit arrangement 1 according to FIG. 1 is shown, wherein additionally the PWM contact 8 is contacted with an RC element.
- the RC element comprises in this case a reflection ⁇ stand 27 which is connected in series with a capacitor and a capacity 28th The capacitance 28 is connected to ground 30.
- the generated analog voltage can be switched on or off. If the contact 26 is defined as output, either the HIGH level or the LOW level can be tapped off via the connecting line ⁇ 31st In a configuration of the contact 26 as an input, however, the generated analog voltage can be tapped.
- the analog voltage generated in this manner by means of PWM clocking using the PWM contact 8 is used in particular - as already mentioned - for determining the position of the electric motor by measuring the induction voltage generated in the phase windings.
- this is the case when at high speeds, the respective switching elements of the inverter are driven without PWM clocking and the block commutation precedes the EMF. Then the EMK will be in the
- control module 4 shows the control module 2, the control signals by means of a driver module 34 for controlling the Wegele ⁇ elements of a converter 35 implemented and thus used to drive an electric motor 37.
- the commutation contacts 5, 6 and 7 as well as the PWM contact 8 of the control component 2 are used.
- the commutation contacts 5, 6 and 7 are used to control the HIGHSIDE switching elements of the converter 35.
- the commutation contacts 5, 6 and 7 are electrically connected respectively via the ver ⁇ Wi ⁇ resistors 14,15 or 16 with the PWM contact.
- the driver module 2 additional commutation ⁇ ment contacts 5 x , 6 x and 7 x , which are used to control the LOWSIDE switching elements of the inverter 35.
- the commu ⁇ are t istsminte 5 x , 6 x and 7 x also via the resistors 14 ⁇ 15 X and 16 x electrically to the PWM contact 8 of the ⁇ control block 2 connected.
- the electric motor 37 is a bipolar, three-phase electric motor with three winding phases, which are connected in star.
- the resulting three motor terminals are sorted ⁇ wells alternately shifted via the high-side or low-side switching elements of the converter 35 to the high and the low poten- tial of an intermediate circuit, is fed via the Umrich ⁇ ter 35th
- the energization of the winding strands is made possible via corresponding circuitry of the switching elements in such a way that a rotating magnetic field is built up, from which a rotor with permanent magnet is taken.
- the driver module 2 according to FIG. 4 is configured in such a way that, for controlling the electric motor 37, both the HIGSIDE and the LOWSIDE switching elements of the converter 35 are PWM clocked.
- the circuit arrangement according to FIG 4 offers the possibility, depending on the respective desired Radiobe ⁇ rich, the electric motor 37 to control different. So it is of course also possible to control only the HIGHSIDE switching elements by PWM clocking, while the LOWSIDE switching elements are only opened or closed. This operating range is necessary, for example, since in the case of the use of a bootstrap circuit an operating range with alternating clocking of the HIGHSIDE and the LOWSIDE switching elements is not permitted.
- an operating range can also be run by no longer using the PWM signal for commutation.
- the individual switching elements of the order ⁇ richter be either on or off.
- the PWM signal for other purposes, in particular for generating an analog reference voltage signal is ⁇ sets are.
- the RC element consisting of the resistance 27 and the capacitance 28, is provided.
- the reference voltage which can be tapped off at the RC element is switched on or off.
- the comparison voltage is available to the position detection device 39, which uses the value of the generated comparison voltage to measure the induction voltage generated in the phase windings. About the height of the reference voltage while the time of measurement can be influenced.
- the induced voltage can also Be determined outside the zero crossing, which is necessary when setting a positive ignition angle.
- the output signal of the position detection 39 is in turn supplied to the control module 2, so that the electric motor can be controlled in phase.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN200780035463XA CN101553978B (zh) | 2006-07-26 | 2007-07-13 | 电路装置 |
KR1020097003322A KR101324344B1 (ko) | 2006-07-26 | 2007-07-13 | 회로 장치 |
BRPI0715336-8A BRPI0715336A2 (pt) | 2006-07-26 | 2007-07-13 | disposiÇço de circuito |
US12/309,591 US8026682B2 (en) | 2006-07-26 | 2007-07-13 | Circuit arrangement |
DE112007001763T DE112007001763A5 (de) | 2006-07-26 | 2007-07-13 | Schaltungsanordnung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102006034596.7 | 2006-07-26 | ||
DE102006034596 | 2006-07-26 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2008012212A2 true WO2008012212A2 (de) | 2008-01-31 |
WO2008012212A3 WO2008012212A3 (de) | 2008-05-22 |
Family
ID=38981820
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2007/057222 WO2008012212A2 (de) | 2006-07-26 | 2007-07-13 | Schaltungsanordnung |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8026682B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101324344B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101553978B (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0715336A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE112007001763A5 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2008012212A2 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010001774A1 (de) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-11 | Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 | Verfahren zur Reduzierung des Anlaufstromes einer mit Blockkommutierung betriebenen mehrphasigen Maschine |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103513700B (zh) * | 2012-06-15 | 2016-12-14 | 王文明 | 防护门控制装置 |
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- 2007-07-13 DE DE112007001763T patent/DE112007001763A5/de active Granted
- 2007-07-13 CN CN200780035463XA patent/CN101553978B/zh active Active
- 2007-07-13 WO PCT/EP2007/057222 patent/WO2008012212A2/de active Application Filing
- 2007-07-13 BR BRPI0715336-8A patent/BRPI0715336A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2007-07-13 KR KR1020097003322A patent/KR101324344B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2007-07-13 US US12/309,591 patent/US8026682B2/en active Active
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US6232730B1 (en) * | 1998-06-05 | 2001-05-15 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Brushless motor driving circuit and a method of controlling the brushless motor driving circuit |
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DE102010001774A1 (de) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-11 | Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 | Verfahren zur Reduzierung des Anlaufstromes einer mit Blockkommutierung betriebenen mehrphasigen Maschine |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20090056983A (ko) | 2009-06-03 |
CN101553978B (zh) | 2012-06-27 |
WO2008012212A3 (de) | 2008-05-22 |
US8026682B2 (en) | 2011-09-27 |
CN101553978A (zh) | 2009-10-07 |
KR101324344B1 (ko) | 2013-10-31 |
BRPI0715336A2 (pt) | 2013-03-19 |
DE112007001763A5 (de) | 2009-09-24 |
US20090302790A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
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