WO2008010746A2 - Procédé de traitement thermique laser et lumineux de matériaux métalliques à variation de température contrôlée - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement thermique laser et lumineux de matériaux métalliques à variation de température contrôlée Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008010746A2
WO2008010746A2 PCT/RU2007/000375 RU2007000375W WO2008010746A2 WO 2008010746 A2 WO2008010746 A2 WO 2008010746A2 RU 2007000375 W RU2007000375 W RU 2007000375W WO 2008010746 A2 WO2008010746 A2 WO 2008010746A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser
spot
laser beam
light
light beam
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/RU2007/000375
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Other versions
WO2008010746A3 (fr
Inventor
Alexandr Grigoreyevich Grigoryants
Dmitry Alexandrovich Rototaev
Igor Nikolaevich Shiganov
Georgy Romanovich Uzbashyants
Original Assignee
Grigoryants Alexandr Grigoreye
Dmitry Alexandrovich Rototaev
Igor Nikolaevich Shiganov
Georgy Romanovich Uzbashyants
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Grigoryants Alexandr Grigoreye, Dmitry Alexandrovich Rototaev, Igor Nikolaevich Shiganov, Georgy Romanovich Uzbashyants filed Critical Grigoryants Alexandr Grigoreye
Publication of WO2008010746A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008010746A2/fr
Publication of WO2008010746A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008010746A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
    • B23K26/0736—Shaping the laser spot into an oval shape, e.g. elliptic shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B23K26/0608—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams in the same heat affected zone [HAZ]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
    • B23K26/24—Seam welding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to techniques for laser heat treatment, in particular welding, sheet metal materials, alloys thereof, hardening high strength steels having different thermophysical properties.
  • the invention may find application. mechanical engineering, aircraft manufacturing, shipbuilding.
  • gas and solid-state lasers are widely used as a laser heater, in particular, high-power gas (0.5–20 kW and more) CO 2 lasers and solid-state (0.1–5 kW) Nd: YAG lasers.
  • gas and solid-state lasers are widely used as a source of coherent radiation for processing materials, in particular, high-power gas CO 2 lasers and solid-state Nd: YAG lasers with wavelengths of 10.6 and 1.064 ⁇ m, respectively.
  • the closest analogue of the present invention is a method of beam welding with a light beam (patent RU 2264901 Cl from 2004.03.09), Designed for welding different-thickness and dissimilar materials using a laser beam, on which two glasses with different thermophysical properties are installed.
  • the light beam of a laser emitter passing through different glasses due to the difference in their thermophysical properties, gives up part of the thermal energy to one glass and passes completely through another glass.
  • the objective of the present invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks and create such a method of laser-light processing of metal sheets, which provides an increase in the productivity of the laser processing due to the synergistic effect, reduce the level of accuracy requirements for the assembly of welded workpieces, simplify preparatory operations, increase the plastic properties of the material and increasing the technological strength of the processed material.
  • the method of laser heat treatment of metal sheets includes the action of a laser beam on the zone of the specified processing, and during the specified processing, the rate of change of temperature of the specified processing zone is controlled by additional exposure to it by at least one light beam, while the processing process is accompanied by the interconnected movement of the spots of the laser beam and at least one light beam along the heat treatment line.
  • laser heat treatment is a laser welding, in addition, metal sheets are butt welded.
  • said interconnected movement is synchronous, and the spots of the laser and light beams can be fully or partially combined.
  • the rate of change of the temperature of the indicated treatment zone is controlled by controlling the heating rate of the specified zone; for this, the spot of the light beam is positioned ahead of the spot-spot of the laser beam.
  • the rate of change of temperature of the specified processing zone is controlled by adjusting the cooling rate of the specified zone; for this, the spot of the light beam is placed behind the spot of the laser beam.
  • the rate of change of the temperature of the indicated treatment zone is controlled by controlling the cooling and heating rates of the specified zone.
  • At least two light beams are used for this, one of which is located behind the spot of the laser beam, and another is placed in front of the spot laser beam, respectively.
  • they provide an angular deviation of the laser beam from the normal to the processing surface by an angle of 0.5 - 5 degrees, and the angular deviation of the light beam from the normal to the processing surface by an angle of 15 - 30 degrees.
  • the laser and light beams form an acute angle between themselves.
  • the ratio of the longitudinal and transverse axes of the ellipse of the spot of the laser beam is 2: 1 with a radiation power density in the spot of 10 to 10 watts / cm
  • the size ratio of the longitudinal and the transverse axis of the ellipse of the spot of the light beam is 2: 1, with a minor axis in the range of 2 to 10 mm and with a radiation power density of at least 10 watts / cm in the spot.
  • two light beams are used to adjust the cooling or heating rate of the indicated treatment zone, and the spots of light rays may be located asymmetrically relative to the processing line.
  • the light beam may be polychromatic or coherent monochromatic.
  • the requirements for the accuracy of the geometry of the assembly and, accordingly, the cost of fitting the edges and welding the workpieces can be significantly reduced by using an additional heating source during laser welding.
  • an additional heat source is located in front of the laser beam, the heating of the edges of the material provides thermal expansion of the edges, closes the local gaps between the welded edges and avoids burn throughs when welding thin-sheet joints. So, during laser welding of structural steels with a thickness of 0.8 - 1.5 mm, the gap should not exceed 0, 10 ... 0, 12 mm, and the use of a light source as an additional one can increase the local gaps to 0.8 ... 1 , 0 mm.
  • Reflection coefficient for coherent radiation is 80 - 90%.
  • additional preliminary heating is required, which significantly reduces the reflection coefficient.
  • a synergistic effect arises, which consists in the fact that the total effect is much larger than a simple summation of these energies by about 1.5 - 1.7 times. This is especially important in the laser processing of aluminum alloys. Due to the high reflectivity, aluminum alloys are welded only when exceeding the threshold power of the order of 1.5 - 2 kW, which reduces the power of the source used.
  • the interconnected movement of the spots of the laser and light rays can be synchronous.
  • the spots of the laser and light rays are fully or partially combined.
  • the treated zone of the metal product is placed in the focal spot of the laser beam, and in the welding zone, several light spots in the form of an ellipse from narrowly directed light rays are additionally combined in such a way as to ensure the heating of the metal product in the laser welding zone in front of the laser beam using at least one light beam and maintaining a predetermined cooling rate of the metal product using at least one light beam after the laser beam, while providing interdependent movement speed of the laser and the light beam along the weld joint.
  • thermophysical properties After welding with a laser beam of thin-sheet metal materials with different thermophysical properties, using different light beams, a gradual tempering of heating of metal parts having different thermophysical properties is performed. This allows you to get high-quality weld between dissimilar materials.
  • FIG. 2 shows anisothermal transformation diagrams for 20XGCA and ZOCHGSA steels.
  • M is martensite
  • F is ferrite
  • Wo is the cooling rate
  • a C z - temperature of the end of the austenitic transformation When the metal is heated in the laser treatment zone above the Aci temperature, an austenitic transformation occurs, i.e. the metal goes into an austenitic state.
  • FIG. Figure 3 shows the ability to control the cooling rates in the welded parts by changing the relative position of the beams.
  • the following options for the mutual arrangement of the rays are considered: a) - the temperature maximum of the light source is ahead of the laser; b) - temperature maxima coincide; c) - the temperature maximum of the laser source is ahead of the light.
  • a calculated estimate of the analytical dependences shows that with the location of an additional heat source behind the laser beam (Fig. 4), a decrease in the cooling rate is possible.
  • an additional heating source makes it possible to substantially change the cooling curve and carry out the decomposition of austenite at a constant temperature. In this case, it is possible to obtain a pearlite-bainite structure or even a pure pearlite structure by reducing the cooling rate when an additional heat source is located behind the laser beam (Fig. 5).
  • the technological unit provided placement, partial alignment and synchronous, interconnected movement in the welding zone of three elliptical spots generated from two light polychromatic sources and one monochromatic laser source.
  • the power density of the laser beam used was 10 W / cm 2 and the ellipse formed by the spots had a ratio of 2: 1 mm.
  • the power density of light rays was 10 W / cm, and the ellipses of the formed spots had a ratio of 3: 1.5 mm.
  • one spot of the light beam was located in front of the spot of the laser beam, and another spot of the light beam was located behind the spot of the laser beam.
  • the light beam located in front of the laser at a distance of the centers of the ellipse of 3.5 mm was used for thermal expansion of the edges and helped to close local gaps of up to 0.8 mm between the welded edges, high-quality penetration of the metal with a narrow seam.
  • Another light beam located at a distance of 3.0 mm behind the laser beam provided the cooling rate of the material after welding to 40-30 degrees per second and was used for the formation of a plastic ferritic structure that provides high mechanical properties necessary for further stamping of welded billets. This ensured a deviation of the laser beam by 1 degree and light rays by 27 and 26 degrees from the normal to the surface being treated, as well as the formation of an acute angle between the laser beam and each of the light rays.
  • the laser light welding speed was 2.0 m / min.
  • Tests of welded samples showed that the strength of welded joints was 0.8-0.9 of the strength of the base metal.
  • the bend angle was 160-180 degrees.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention appartient au domaine de la technique du traitement thermique laser et lumineux de matériaux métalliques, de leurs alliages, d'aciers hautement résistants à capacité de trempage possédant des propriétés physiques différents et un raccord soudé non linéaire. Lors de l'utilisation de ce procédé on régule la vitesse de variation de la température dans la zone de soudage par le déplacement coordonnée du rayon laser et d'au moins un faisceau lumineux. On assure une forme elliptique des tâches du faisceau lumineux et du rayon laser, avec un rapport des dimensions des axes longitudinaux et transversaux des axes de l'ellipse dans la tâche compris entre 105 et 107 watt/cm2. Le procédé de soudage par laser et lumineux permet de fabriquer un raccord soudé de qualité; il peut s'utiliser en construction mécanique, dans l'industrie aérospatiale et dans le génie naval.
PCT/RU2007/000375 2006-07-17 2007-07-10 Procédé de traitement thermique laser et lumineux de matériaux métalliques à variation de température contrôlée WO2008010746A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2006125400 2006-07-17
RU2006125400/02A RU2322513C1 (ru) 2006-07-17 2006-07-17 Способ лазерно-световой термической обработки металлических материалов с регулируемым изменением температуры

Publications (2)

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WO2008010746A2 true WO2008010746A2 (fr) 2008-01-24
WO2008010746A3 WO2008010746A3 (fr) 2008-03-20

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WO (1) WO2008010746A2 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2120365C1 (ru) * 1996-12-10 1998-10-20 Юрий Степанович Комиссарчук Способ изготовления продольношовных труб сваркой лазером и устройство для его осуществления
JP2001001170A (ja) * 1999-06-21 2001-01-09 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol レーザハイブリッド加熱方法
RU2185943C1 (ru) * 2000-12-08 2002-07-27 Алексеев Георгий Михайлович Устройство для светолучевой обработки материалов
JP2005223151A (ja) * 2004-02-05 2005-08-18 Taiyo Denki Kk デバイス端子溶接検査装置
RU2004120751A (ru) * 2004-07-08 2006-01-10 Георгий Михайлович Алексеев (RU) Способ локальной термической обработки материалов и устройство для его осуществления (варианты)

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2120365C1 (ru) * 1996-12-10 1998-10-20 Юрий Степанович Комиссарчук Способ изготовления продольношовных труб сваркой лазером и устройство для его осуществления
JP2001001170A (ja) * 1999-06-21 2001-01-09 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol レーザハイブリッド加熱方法
RU2185943C1 (ru) * 2000-12-08 2002-07-27 Алексеев Георгий Михайлович Устройство для светолучевой обработки материалов
JP2005223151A (ja) * 2004-02-05 2005-08-18 Taiyo Denki Kk デバイス端子溶接検査装置
RU2004120751A (ru) * 2004-07-08 2006-01-10 Георгий Михайлович Алексеев (RU) Способ локальной термической обработки материалов и устройство для его осуществления (варианты)

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Publication number Publication date
WO2008010746A3 (fr) 2008-03-20
RU2006125400A (ru) 2008-01-27
RU2322513C1 (ru) 2008-04-20

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