WO2008006915A1

WO2008006915A1 - Modular encapsulated electrical device for power distribution networks

Info

Publication number: WO2008006915A1
Application number: PCT/ES2006/000404
Authority: WO
Inventors: Javier Larrieta Zubia; Severo Aranaga Lopez; Jose Manuel Inchausti Sancho; Norberto Sainz De La Maza; Juan Maria Casado Carton
Original assignee: Ormazabal Y Cia, S.A.
Priority date: 2006-07-13
Filing date: 2006-07-13
Publication date: 2008-01-17
Also published as: ES2355747T3; EP2048682B1; ATE494623T1; DE602006019504D1; EP2048682A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular encapsulated electrical device for power distribution networks. The invention is intended for power distribution networks, such as for example electric transformation centres, distribution centres, sub-stations, etc., comprising a series of elements including control means (2) for performing interruption/connection/switching/earthing functions, encapsulated inside a single insulating body (1). The body (1) encapsulates one or at most two control elements (2a, 2b) which are actuated using a single actuation element (3), through the actuation of an actuation transmission element (10). The aforementioned actuation element (3) is encapsulated in an insulating head (13) which is joined to the body (1) and can be moved in relation thereto. The body and head (1, 13) are built into a housing (7) forming a module. The modular nature of the invention enables installations to be extended on one or more sides of the module using different electrical layouts with the aid of suitably-arranged connecting elements (4, 6).

Description

MODULAR ENCAPSULATED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT FOR NETWORKS

ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

D E S C R I P C I Ó N

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has its field of application in electrical power distribution facilities, such as, for example, electrical transformation centers, distribution centers, substations, etc., for the protection and maneuvering of electrical circuits in general and, in particular, refers to an electrical equipment comprising an encapsulated in an insulating body a series of elements, among others, one or two maneuvering elements that allow to perform the functions of cutting-connection-sectioning-grounding of the electrical circuit, as well as of an envelope that integrates said insulating body forming an expandable module by its union with others.

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide an isolated electrical equipment in an insulating medium of high electrical resistance and of compact structure, being able to reduce the isolation distance between the different elements that constitute the equipment, the size of the installations and, ultimately, the costs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present, it is known that the switchgear used in electric power distribution networks is installed in usually metal enclosures, called cells. Bliss switchgear comprises some maneuvering elements that perform the functions of cutting-connecting-sectioning-grounding of the installation. In this way, in cases where there is, for example, a fault in the distribution line, a cut due to works, maintenance or optimization of the distribution of the load, such maneuvering elements can be activated to obtain the desired distribution of electrical energy, avoid that consumers remain without tension or guarantee the protection of people and electrical equipment such as, for example, transformers.

Conventionally, each of said maneuvering elements has its own drive element, and it can be carried out under the control of both a manually operated mechanism and a trigger mechanism that responds to a fault current.

On the one hand, maneuvering elements constituted by vacuum switches are known, which consist of a bottle in which a pair of electrical contacts, a fixed one and a mobile one that is displaced by the convenient operation of said switch, are housed to perform cutting functions - connection - sectioning - grounding of the corresponding electrical circuit.

The problem of the known vacuum switches is that the separation between the mobile and fixed contacts in an open circuit situation is not accepted, since it does not ensure the sectioning function because the dielectric medium where they act is the vacuum of the bottle. A solution is usually to add a disconnector on the outside of the bottle that opens / closes the circuit to execute said sectioning function effectively.

On the one hand, disconnectors are also used which are usually also required for grounding functions. It is known that the disconnectors are composed of two contacts that can be joined to let the current pass or leave a physical separation that determines the safety standard or the manufacturer to prevent the passage of the current. However, said disconnectors are not capable of performing the functions of the switch, that is, cutting the current when the circuit is in charge or in case of an overcurrent fault.

Consequently, the switchgear has both switches and disconnectors with independent actuation means.

It is common that part of this switchgear is encapsulated in a solid insulation, such as insulating resin, using the vacuum or other fluid as a dielectric means to perform the required maneuvering functions mentioned above: cut-connection-sectioning-grounding correspondingly executed by disconnectors and switches.

It is worth mentioning as an example the patent application WO 0150563 which deals with a plurality of insulating resin bodies, where several vacuum switches are encapsulated: some, corresponding to the connection-sectioning-grounding functions, are encapsulated in a body Insulation together with their respective drives, while in another different insulating body the vacuum switch that performs the functions of cut-connection together with its corresponding drive is encapsulated. Likewise, the terminal of the distribution branches and the main circuit bars are also encapsulated in independent insulating bodies. Each of these independent insulating bodies is installed inside a different compartment of the cell, carrying out the union of said insulating bodies by means of bushings that are part of the same insulating bodies.

One of the drawbacks of the invention described in WO 0150563 is that for each of the functions of cut-connection-sectioning-grounding it is necessary to use a different module with its respective drive and, added to the need to encapsulate more than one maneuvering element in each of the modules and integrating said modules into different compartments within a cell, means an increase in the dimensions of the switchgear, thus creating space problems within the electrical distribution facilities. To this is added the large cost due to the large amount of resin that is necessary to make the encapsulates and the high manufacturing time.

Another example similar to the previous one is that described in document EP 1343233, with the difference that in this case it is possible to use a single vacuum switch that performs the functions of cutting-connecting-sectioning-grounding maneuver of the Ia installation. But similar to the invention of WO 0150563, each of the elements that make up the switchgear (the main circuit bars, the vacuum switch / s, the terminal of the distribution leads, etc.) is encapsulated in a body independent insulator. Therefore, this solution apart from the drawbacks of the previous one, implies a complex assembly because, in order to guarantee a secure connection between the different insulating bodies, the use of connecting elements that are not part of the insulating bodies is required. link.

In this same line, mention may be made of the inventions set forth in WO 02082606 and EP 0393733, where various maneuvering elements that perform the functions of connection-disconnection-grounding and other components, such as fuses, that perform the cutting function are described. in case of failure, all of them being encapsulated in an insulating body integrated inside a compartment of the cell, while, in another compartment different from said cell, the transmission element of the drive is integrated. each of the necessary maneuvering elements.

In these last two solutions, the problem of having to use several maneuvering elements to perform the different functions of cut-connection-sectioning-grounding is repeated, so that the cells that incorporate the switchgear tend to be bulky. In addition, the problem that the cells are bulky is reinforced due to the fact that the transmission elements of the drives of such maneuvering elements are integrated in compartments different from those that integrate the maneuvering elements, increasing the number of compartments in the cells, its size and therefore that of said switchgear in the electrical distribution network.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention comes to solve the problem described above, in each and every one of the different aspects mentioned, constituting a modular electrical equipment for installation and connection to other electrical equipment in electrical transformation centers, distribution centers, substations, etc. , which develops in a single encapsulation the maneuver functions at least of cut-connection-sectioning-grounding.

More specifically, the electrical equipment or module comprises at least one solid insulating body inside which the following components are encapsulated:

- maneuvering means composed of a single or two maneuvering elements, which can be a load cut-off switch (which interrupts the nominal current) or an automatic switch (differential that cuts faults) and earthing switch / disconnector, may consist the dielectric medium in which the functions of cutting-connection-sectioning-grounding maneuver in a gas, a liquid or a vacuum are performed;

- one or more connection elements to connect it to a main power circuit of the electrical distribution network and other modules in different electrical diagrams, such as those known in the electrical distribution network as "ring main unit" and diagrams of subscriber;

- a main circuit bar and a bypass bar of the intensity, and

- at least one grounding terminal.

Thus, a first advantage of the invention by using a single insulating body to encapsulate the maneuvering means, which manage to perform at least the functions of cut-connection-sectioning-grounding, is to considerably reduce the dimensions of the electrical equipment, The amount of material needed and the cost of encapsulation, as well as its execution time, since it avoids:

- the need to use several independent maneuvering elements to perform each of the aforementioned maneuvering functions,

- the use of more than one body or insulating piece for the separate encapsulation of the different maneuvering elements, connection elements, main circuit and branch bars, etc., which make up the electrical equipment,

- use independent connection elements to the bodies or insulating parts. The maneuvering means have respective electric contacts movable by the direct action of at least one bar that acts as a transmission element of the actuation of said maneuvering means, there being a single actuating element adapted to actuate both the cutting function only. connection as the connection-sectioning-earthing function interchangeably.

That single drive element is encapsulated in another solid body or insulating head, attached to the aforementioned insulating body. The drive element acts on one or more transmission bars (of the drive), a transverse axis of attack being able to intervene in said transmission to the drive element encapsulated in the insulating head.

The union of the solid body and head is isolated by an elastic and insulating element that allows relative displacement between them. The two pieces can be rigid or elastic and made of an insulating polymeric material, for example, the epoxy resin, silicone, polyurethane, NBR, etc. In turn, all the encapsulation, which can be covered with a conductive layer, is integrated into an envelope.

Thanks to the integration of the drive and transmission element of said drive into the same enclosure as the rest of the components of the electrical equipment, the problem of the dimensions is further reduced, requiring only a compartment or enclosure for the location of the whole set of elements and thus achieving a compact cell of small dimensions.

To obtain a three-phase configuration, the electrical equipment can be composed of a single three-pole insulating body in which all the components of the electrical equipment are encapsulated referring to the three phases, as per the set formed by the union of three single-phase insulating bodies. The different single-phase insulating bodies of the three-pole assembly can be joined by means of metal parts or plates that are partially encapsulated in the insulating bodies, which in turn allow the earthing of the electrical equipment. These grounding plates are connected to the operating elements. The plates can be accessible from outside the envelope or be completely inside said envelope that integrates the three-pole assembly.

The implementation of the maneuvering means is preferably carried out according to one of the three alternatives described below:

- There is a single maneuvering element that can consist of a vacuum switch where all the functions of cutting-connection-sectioning-earthing are executed, constituting itself as an earthing switch / disconnector and a load cut-off switch, or, a circuit breaker and earthing switch / earthing switch.

- There is a first maneuvering element that performs the functions of cut-connection, being able to be a load cut-off switch or an automatic switch, plus a second maneuver element in charge of the connection-sectioning-grounding functions and which can be an earthing switch / earthing switch. The first maneuvering element may consist of a vacuum bottle containing a fixed contact attached to the main circuit bar and a mobile contact, which in turn this same mobile contact is one of the contacts of the earthing switch / earthing switch and It has means for its maintenance in the cutting function. The second maneuvering element may consist of a housing with a dielectric medium, gas or liquid, in the one that performs the functions of connection-sectioning-earthing, which also includes a ground contact and a third contact attached to the branch bar, the latter can be the contact of linear displacement or type hinge. The displacement of the third contact due to the action of the transmission bar attached thereto also produces the execution of the connection-sectioning-grounding functions, accepting the effectiveness of the sectioning function when the vacuum is not used as a dielectric in this Second element of maneuver.

- There are two operating elements and both are vacuum switches. The first maneuvering element may consist of a vacuum bottle that performs the functions of a switch, with a fixed contact attached to the main circuit bar and a mobile contact provided with means for its maintenance in the cutting function. The second maneuvering element can consist of another vacuum bottle, where the grounding function is executed, which has a fixed contact connected to a ground contact and a second mobile contact. The sectioning functions are performed by the actuation of the transmission bar by moving said second mobile contact, which is provided with means for locking the position for its maintenance in the sectioning function. The mobile contacts of each of the bottles are thus conveniently displaced by means of the action of the same transmission bar.

The proposed implementation possibilities constitute a module, so that through the connection elements that are accessible from the outside on one or several sides of the enclosure, it is possible to extend the installation on one or several sides of the enclosure, joining several modules through coupling means that depend on the tightness of the envelopes. For example, embodiments can be found in which the dielectric fluid between the envelope and the insulating body is the air and, therefore, the coupling between modules can be carried out, for example, by means of bars, bushes or a joint assembly as described in the invention patent ES 2037590. Particularly, if the enclosure is sealed, the coupling between the modules is carried out by means of a joint assembly, so that in case of failure or failure of some electrical equipment, This module is easily replaceable with a new one.

Thus, one last advantage but no less important is that it is a compact modular electrical equipment and easily replaced by a new one in case of possible deterioration of the same. In the assembly of the three-pole insulating body or three insulating bodies that constitute a three-pole assembly inside a housing, which can incorporate a dielectric fluid and be sealed when the three-pole assembly is not covered by a conductive layer for the control of the electric field , the isolation between the bodies and avoiding internal defects, the distance between the envelope and the three-pole assembly is reduced, thus achieving a compact switchgear.

Optionally, all possible ways of implementing the proposed electrical equipment, such as the examples described below, may comprise means capable of providing functions for measuring electrical voltage and current intensity, presence / absence of voltage detection, control, automation , etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical realization thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented: Figure 1.- Shows a perspective view of the modular electrical equipment object of the invention and according to a possible embodiment, encapsulated in an insulating body that is integrated into an enclosure (not shown) and corresponding to an electrical phase.

Figure 2.- Shows a sectional view of the insulating body corresponding to an electrical phase, which presents the electrical equipment according to the embodiment of the previous figure.

Figure 3.- Shows a perspective view of the electrical equipment according to a possible three-phase configuration, formed by three insulating bodies that constitute a three-pole assembly, presented outside the corresponding envelope.

Figure 4.- Shows a perspective view of the tripolar assembly

Illustrated in Figure 3, already mounted within the enclosure constituting a module, with connection elements accessible from the outside for the union with other modules of electrical equipment, some of those connection elements being arranged vertically.

Figure 5.- Shows a perspective view of the three-pole assembly illustrated in Figure 3, already mounted inside the enclosure constituting a module, with connecting elements accessible from the outside for the union with other electrical equipment modules, some of which are those connection elements arranged horizontally.

Figure 6.- Shows a perspective view of the tripolar assembly

Illustrated in Figure 3, already mounted within the enclosure constituting a module, with connection elements accessible from the outside and others constituted by cable connection terminals arranged inside said enclosure.

Figure 7.- Shows a sectional view of the insulating body according to Another possible embodiment of the invention, distinguishing two maneuvering elements, where one is a vacuum bottle and the other a linear earthing switch / disconnector.

Figure 8.- Shows a sectional view of the insulating body according to another alternative embodiment of the modular electrical equipment, with two maneuvering elements that consist both of vacuum bottles, representing the first maneuvering element in the connection function.

Figure 9.- Shows a sectional view of the insulating body according to

The embodiment option represented in the previous figure, with two vacuum bottles as operating elements, representing the first operating element in the cutting function and the second operating element in the grounding function.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the figures outlined, some preferred embodiments of the present invention applicable in electric power distribution networks, such as, for example, electrical transformation centers, distribution centers or substations, constituting a modular electrical equipment comprising at least one insulating body (1) constructed with an insulating polymeric material, which can be rigid or elastic.

The insulating body (1) encapsulates maneuvering means (2) inside it to carry out the functions of cut-connection-sectioning-grounding, represented in Figures 1-9 according to several possible implementations. Essentially, the means of maneuver

(2) encapsulated in said insulating body (1) may consist of:

- a single first maneuvering element (2a), as shown in Figures 1-6, to execute on its own all the cut-connection-sectioning-grounding functions; O well,

- two maneuvering elements (2a, 2b), the first maneuvering element (2a) performing the cut-connection functions and a second maneuvering element (2b) is responsible for the connection-sectioning-grounding functions of according to the different practical constructions illustrated in Figures 7-9.

In particular, the embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 1-6 has a first operating element (2a) consisting of a load cut-off switch or an automatic switch and earthing switch / disconnector, as can for example, a vacuum switch, consisting of a vacuum bottle with two electrical contacts (11, 12), one being a fixed contact (11) and the other a mobile contact (12). In this configuration all the functions of cutting-connection-disconnection-grounding maneuver are carried out by means of the only maneuvering element (2a), reducing the size of the insulating body (1) where it is encapsulated and, therefore, the dimensions of the facilities, as well as the amount of encapsulation material, the execution time of the encapsulation and its costs.

The insulating body (1) shown in Figure 1 and its interior in more detail in Figure 2, encapsulates the maneuvering element (2a) associated with some bars of the main circuit (5) and bypass (21) of the current. As shown in Figure 2, the mobile contact (12) of said maneuvering element (2a) is connected to the branch bar (21) which is accessible through a first connection element (4), while The fixed contact (11) is connected to the main circuit bar (5) which can have at least a second connection element (6). Said connection elements (4, 6) are a constitutive part of the insulating body (1) and may consist of a bushing female type, male type or in their combinations, as shown in Figures 1-5, or, in a cable connection terminal to the air, as the first connection elements (4) are implemented in the example of Figure 6.

Returning to Figure 2, the mobile contact (12) encapsulated in the insulating body (1) is in turn connected to a drive element (3) of the maneuvering means (2), by means of a bar that acts as an element of drive transmission (10) fixed to the mobile contact (12) by a connecting piece (25). The actuating element (3) is encapsulated in an insulating head (13), made of insulating polymeric material, and is adapted to operate only both the cutting-connection function and the connection-sectioning-grounding function interchangeably . In the transmission of the actuation of the maneuvering means (2) an attack axis (17) intervenes transverse to the axis of symmetry of the insulating head (13).

The joint between the insulating body (1) and the insulating head (13) is isolated by means of an elastic and insulating element (16), for example a rubber neck, as seen in Figures 1, 2 and 3, which also allows the relative displacement in a gap (15) between both body (1) and head (13) insulating the encapsulation.

To implement a three-phase configuration, as Figure 3 illustrates, the electrical equipment can be formed by three single-phase insulating bodies (1) that are joined through some plates (9) partially embedded in each insulating body (1), thus constituting a tripolar set (8). The axis of attack (17) crosses each insulating head (13) thus linking its respective actuating elements (3) of the maneuvering means (2) to act together. As shown in Figures 4-6, said three-pole assembly (8) can be mounted inside an enclosure (7), for example metal, which in the case of being waterproof incorporates a dielectric fluid between this three-pole assembly (8) and the envelope (7) for the isolation between both and avoid internal defects.

On the outside of the enclosure (7) only the connection elements (4, 6) are accessible, the first connection elements (4) being able to be arranged both horizontally and vertically, except when said connection elements (4) consist in some terminals of connection to cable to the air, being in this case its inside of the envelope (7) to realize in its interior the splices with a branch circuit. In this way, a module (14) consisting of the three-pole assembly (8) and the enclosure (7) is obtained, the connection elements (4, 6) being outside on one or more sides thereof.

This modularity allows extensions to be made on one or several sides of said module (14), according to the options in the Figures

4, 5 and 6. In short, it is an electrical equipment insulated in a medium of high electrical resistance and a compact device, reducing the insulation distance between different elements that constitute the electrical equipment and the size of the installations .

The connection elements (4, 6) allow, by means of joint assemblies (18), represented in Figure 6, to extend the installation by joining several modules (14) and to carry out different electrical diagrams such as a "ring main unit" or a scheme of subscriber In this sense, the first module (14) that acts as a connection can have second connection elements (6) on the sides, with one of the sides having male-type bushing to which the power supply cables are attached. , while on the other side it has female type bushings, joining this first module (14) with the next one through the female type bushings of both modules (14) and by means of the joint assemblies (18). In turn, the intermediate modules (14) have on both sides second connection elements (6) that are type bushing female. The last module (14) can have the second connection elements (6) on one or several sides of the enclosure (7); so that, if they are arranged on several sides, the second connection elements (6) that are free are closed by means of a plug to ensure insulation, thus leaving the installation expandable in the future.

The dielectric fluid introduced between the envelope (7) and the three-pole assembly (8) considerably reduces the insulation distances, avoiding any internal defect that could damage the insulating body (1) to obtain a reliable and compact electrical equipment, and using the assembly of connection (18) as a means of coupling between various modules (14), the tightness of the assembly of said modules (14) is guaranteed.

^: On the other hand, the plates (9) of the insulating body (1) in addition to being able to make the union of several to form an assembly (8) as shown in Figures 3-6, serve as a terminal for the grounding of the maneuvering means (2) as shown in Figures 1-9. In this way, by encapsulating all the active parts that constitute the electrical equipment, maintenance costs are reduced and the isolation distances between each of the phases are reduced, achieving a compact equipment.

A second way of forming the encapsulated electrical equipment is that shown in Figure 7, where the insulating body (1) encapsulates maneuvering means (2) formed by two maneuvering elements (2a) and (2b). The first maneuvering element (2a) consists of an automatic switch or load cut-off switch, such as a vacuum switch and allows to perform the cut-connection functions. As for the second maneuvering element (2b), it is a grounding disconnector / disconnector to perform the functions of connection-disconnection-grounding maneuver, and may consist of dielectric medium where said functions are performed for example in a gas or a liquid.

As seen in this Figure 7, the first maneuvering element (2a) comprises a fixed contact (11) attached to the main circuit bar (5) and a mobile contact (12). Likewise, the mobile contact (12) is part of the second operating element (2b), which is provided with a third contact (19) of linear displacement connected by a flexible connection (20) to the branch bar (21). This third contact (19) is also connected on the other hand to the transmission element of the drive (10) that causes said linear contact (19) to move, establishing a maneuvering function or another depending on the direction and progression of such linear displacement.

The displacement of the third contact (19) in one direction causes the union with the mobile contact (12), the second operating element (2b) remaining in the connection function. The continuation of this displacement in the same direction generates the displacement of the mobile contact (12) until its union with the fixed contact (11), the maneuver element (2a) remaining in the connection function.

The displacement of the drive transmission element (10) in the opposite direction causes the separation of the fixed (11) and mobile (12) contacts from the first maneuvering element (2a), leaving it in the cutting function. Between the first (2a) and the second maneuvering element (2b) there are blocking means (22) provided with springs (23) that collaborate in the separation and maintenance of the position of the contacts (11, 12) of the first maneuvering element (2a) in the cutting function. Continuing with the displacement of the third contact (19) of the second maneuvering element (2b) in the latter direction, the separation of the contacts (19, 12) of said second maneuvering element (2b) occurs, determining the sectioning function . Also, the Second maneuvering element (2b) has a grounding contact (24) which, in conjunction with the third contact (19), leaves it in the grounding function.

Another alternative way of carrying out maneuvering means (2) composed of two maneuvering elements (2a) and (2b), is that which is represented in Figures 8 and 9, constituted by two vacuum bottles. Thus, the first maneuvering element (2a) can consist of a vacuum switch, this being a load cut-off switch or automatic switch, provided with a fixed contact (11) attached to the main circuit bar (5) and of a mobile contact (12). The maneuvering element (2b) is also another vacuum switch, but it constitutes an earthing switch / disconnector, in turn comprising a second fixed contact (27) connected to the earthing plate (9) and a second mobile contact (26). The mobile contacts (12, 26) of both switches or maneuvering elements (2a, 2b) are displaced by the action of the transmission bar (10), which is common for both. The transmission element of the drive (10) joins the bypass bar (21) through the flexible connection (20). Likewise, each of the mobile contacts (12) and (26) of the two operating elements (2a, 2b) is provided with blocking means (22) with springs (23), which collaborate in

The separation and maintenance of the position of said mobile contacts (12, 26) in the cutting function and in the sectioning function respectively.

In summary, the numerical references used in this text and indicated in the aforementioned figures represent the following components of the electrical equipment object of the present invention:

1.- Insulating body

2.- Means of maneuver

2a.- First maneuver element 2b.- Second maneuver element 3.- Drive element

4.- First connection element

5.- Main circuit bar

6.- Second connection element 7.- Envelope

8.- Tripolar set

9.- Grounding plate

10.- Drive transmission element

11.- Fixed contact 12.- Mobile contact

13.- Insulating head

14.- Electrical equipment module

15.- Gap between the body (1) and the insulating head (13)

16.- Elastic and insulating element 17.- Attack axis

18.- Joint assembly

19.- Third contact (mobile, linear displacement)

20.- Flexible connection

21.- Shunt bar 22.- Means for blocking the position of the contact pairs

23.- Springs

24.- Grounding contact

25.- Connection piece between drive transmission element (10) and mobile contact (12) 26.- Second mobile contact

27.- Second fixed contact (grounding)

The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments that have been described but also encompasses the multiple combinations and variants that can be made by the average person skilled in the art (for example, regarding the choice of materials, dimensions, components, configuration, etc.), without leaving the scope of the invention, within what follows from the claims included below.

Claims

1.- Modular encapsulated electrical equipment for electrical distribution networks, capable of being connected to a main power circuit of an electrical distribution network comprising:

- a main circuit bar (5) and a bypass bar (21)

- at least one grounding terminal,

- maneuvering means (2) characterized in that it comprises at least one solid insulating body (1) in whose interior at least the said bypass bar (21) is encapsulated, said main circuit bar (5), said at least a, grounding terminal and said operating means (2), and because said insulating body (1) comprises a first connecting element (4), through which the bypass bar (21) is accessible and , at least a second connection element (6), through which the main circuit bar (5) is accessible, and because the maneuvering means (2) are capable of performing at least the cut-connection-sectioning functions - grounded, and because it comprises an actuation element (3) of said maneuvering means (2) that is adapted to actuate the cut-connect function and the connection-section-earthing function interchangeably.

2 - Electrical equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive element (3) is embedded in a solid and movable insulating head (13) with respect to the insulating body (1), it being provided that the insulating head (13) is connected to The upper part of the insulating body (1) by means of an elastic insulating element (16).

3. Electrical equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that the drive element (3) is connected to the operating means (2) by means of a drive transmission element (10).

4. Electrical equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises an attack axis (17) transverse to the insulating head (13) that cooperates with the drive transmission element (10).

5. Electrical equipment according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the maneuvering means (2) consist of a single first maneuvering element (2a) capable of performing at least the functions of cutting-connecting-sectioning-setting land.

6. Electrical equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the maneuvering means (2) consist of two maneuvering elements (2a, 2b), a first maneuvering element (2a) being trained for carrying out the cutting-connection functions and a second maneuvering element (2b) for carrying out the connection-sectioning-grounding functions.

7. Electrical equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that the first maneuvering element (2a) consists of a vacuum bottle that houses a fixed contact (11) attached to the main circuit bar (5) and a mobile contact (12) attached to the transmission bar (10) and the bypass bar (21).

8. Electrical equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that the operating element (2a) is a load cut-off switch and earthing switch / earthing switch.

9. Electrical equipment according to claim 7, characterized in that the maneuvering element (2a) is an automatic switch and disconnector / earthing switch. .

10. Electrical equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that the first maneuvering element (2a) is selected between a load cut-off switch and an automatic switch, and the second maneuvering element (2b) consists of a switch-disconnector / switch-disconnector to linear earth isolated in a dielectric fluid.

11.- Electrical equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that the first maneuvering element (2a) consists of a vacuum bottle that houses a fixed contact (11) attached to the main circuit bar (5) and a mobile contact (12) forming part of the second maneuvering element (2b), said second maneuvering element (2b) having a third linear displacement contact (19) connected to the transmission bar (10) and to the bypass bar (21) by means of a connection flexible (20).

12. Electrical equipment according to claim 11, characterized in that the second operating element (2b) has a grounding contact (24) that in the linear displacement of the third contact (19) in a certain direction joins said third contact (19) to perform

The grounding function.

13. Electrical equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that the first maneuvering element (2a) consists of a vacuum bottle that houses a fixed contact (11) attached to the main circuit bar (5) and a mobile contact (12) , and because the second maneuvering element (2b) consists of another vacuum bottle that houses a fixed contact (27) connected to the grounding terminal (9) and a second mobile contact (26).

14. Electrical equipment according to claim 13, characterized in that the first maneuvering element (2a) is selected between a load cut-off switch and an automatic switch, and the second maneuvering element (2b) consists of a switch-disconnector / switch-disconnector to Earth.

15. Electrical equipment according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the mobile contacts (12) and (26) are actuated by the drive transmission element (10) common to both contacts, said drive transmission element (10) being attached to the bypass bar (21) through a flexible connection (20).

16. Electrical equipment according to any of claims 2 to 15, characterized in that the insulating body and head (1, 13) are made of insulating polymeric material.

17.- Electrical equipment according to claim 16, characterized in that the insulating body and head (1, 13) are rigid.

18. Electrical equipment according to claim 16, characterized in that the insulating body and head (1, 13) are elastic.

19. Electrical equipment according to any of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the insulating body and head (1, 13) are covered with a conductive layer.

20. Electrical equipment according to any of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the insulating body and head (1, 13) are integrated into an enclosure (7).

21. Electrical equipment according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the grounding terminal consists of a plate (9) partially embedded in the insulating body (1).

22.- Electrical equipment according to claims 20 and 21, characterized in that the plates (9) are completely inside the enclosure (7).

23.- Electrical equipment according to claims 20 and 21, characterized in that the plates (9) are accessible from outside the enclosure (7).

24.- Electrical equipment according to claim 20, characterized in that the envelope (7) is metallic.

25. Electrical equipment according to any of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that the envelope (7) is sealed and incorporates a dielectric fluid.

26.- Electrical equipment according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection elements (4, 6) are accessible from outside the enclosure (7).

27. Electrical equipment according to ^"previous, claims characterized in that the connecting elements (4, 6) are bushings which are selected from female type, male - type and combinations thereof.

28.- Electrical equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the connection elements (4, 6) are cable connection terminals to the air.

29.- Electrical equipment according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first connection element (4) is located below the second connection element (6).

30.- Electrical equipment according to claim 29, characterized in that the second connection element (6) is placed horizontally and the first connection element (4) is vertical.

31.- Electrical equipment according to claim 29, characterized in that the first and second connecting element (4, 6) are positioned horizontally.

32.- Electrical equipment according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is connected to other electrical equipment by means of the connection elements (4, 6) according to different electrical diagrams.

33.- Electrical equipment according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating body (1) is three-pole.

34.- Electrical equipment according to any of claims 1 to 33, characterized in that the insulating body (1) is single phase.

35.- Electrical equipment according to claims 20, 21 and 34, characterized in that the plates (9) join three insulating bodies (1) to form a three-pole assembly (8), while performing the grounding of the operating means (2) and of the envelope (7).

36.- Electrical equipment according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maneuvering means (2) comprise locking means (22) provided with springs (23) for maintaining said maneuvering means (2) in the cutting and sectioning.

37.- Electrical equipment according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating body (1) incorporates in its interior a means for measuring voltage and electrical intensity of the main circuit, means for detecting the presence and absence of electrical voltage, means of control and automation.