WO2023285716A1

WO2023285716A1 - Load break or short-circuit currents switch and electrical equipment incorporating said switch

Info

Publication number: WO2023285716A1
Application number: PCT/ES2022/070437
Authority: WO
Inventors: Javier Larrieta Zubia; Severo Aranaga Lopez; Sergio BARRIO RODRIGUEZ; Jesús IZCARA ZURRO; Asier Bilbao Lezeta
Original assignee: Ormazabal Corporate Technology, A.I.E.
Priority date: 2021-07-13
Filing date: 2022-07-07
Publication date: 2023-01-19
Also published as: ES1275577U; ES1275577Y

Abstract

Load break or short-circuit currents switch (1) that can adopt at least three operating positions - connecting, interrupting, disconnecting - as well as a fourth, grounding position, said switch comprising a grounding contact for the latter case, thus compactly providing a load break or short-circuit currents switch capable of executing up to four operating positions (connecting, interrupting, disconnecting and grounding), which basically comprises a main circuit (2) for the circulation of electrical current and a secondary circuit (3) for circulation of electrical current in shunt, wherein the main circuit (2) comprises a switch - disconnector (4) equipped with a fixed contact (5) and a moving contact (6), and wherein the secondary circuit (3) comprises a vacuum switch (7) that in turn comprises a fixed contact (8) and a moving contact (9), the vacuum switch (7) being actuated by moving the moving contact (6) of the switch - disconnector (4) by means of a control mechanism (10).

Description

LOAD CUTTING OR SHORT CIRCUIT SWITCH AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INCLUDING SAID

SWITCH

DESCRIPTION

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention refers to a switch for breaking load or short-circuit currents, for application in electrical power distribution networks, comprising a main circuit for circulating electrical current and a secondary circuit for circulating electrical current in shunt. The main circuit comprises a switch-disconnector with a fixed contact and a mobile contact, while the secondary circuit comprises a vacuum interrupter that is actuated by the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector.

The load break or short-circuit current switch of the invention can adopt at least three operating positions, connection - break - disconnection, as well as a fourth grounding, comprising in the latter case a grounding contact, Thus, compactly arranging a load-cutting or short-circuit current switch capable of executing up to four operating positions (connection, cutting, sectioning and grounding).

Another object of the invention is an electrical equipment, such as a cubicle, which incorporates said load cut-off or short-circuit current switch in an insulated casing in a dielectric medium.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, the electrical switchgear used in electricity distribution networks is installed in some usually metallic enclosures, called cells. Said switchgear includes operating means that carry out the functions of cutting - sectioning - grounding of the installation. On the one hand, operating means such as disconnectors are used that comprise two contacts that can be joined to let the current pass or leave a physical separation determined by the safety standard or the manufacturer to prevent the passage of the current, and which also comprise a third contact for grounding the electrical circuit. But these disconnectors are sometimes not capable of performing the functions of the switch, that is, cutting the current when the circuit is on load or in the event of a fault due to overcurrent, if they have not been designed for it or do not have the appropriate extinguishing means. .

The use of operating means based on SF6 gas contact separation technology in order to cut the current (the current when the circuit is on load or fault current due to overcurrent) is known. This solution presents numerous advantages in terms of the compactness of the electrical switchgear, its cost and its performance, mainly due to the exceptional properties of SF6 gas, such as dielectric strength, thermal conductivity, chemical stability, etc. However, SF6 gas has the drawback of being part of the gases with a great environmental impact due to its high greenhouse effect potential (GWP = 22800).

On the other hand, operating means constituted by vacuum switches are known, which consist of a bottle inside which is housed a pair of electrical contacts, one fixed and the other mobile that moves by operating a operating mechanism, to perform the functions of cutting - connection of the corresponding electrical circuit. But these vacuum interrupters are not used for current cutting functions when the circuit is on load due to their high cost.

In this sense, solutions are known in which a vacuum interrupter is placed in a secondary or bypass circuit in such a way that the cut-off of the electric current is guaranteed and at the same time the cost of this technology is reduced due to the fact that the interrupter The vacuum used can have lower benefits as it has to withstand electrical current for a shorter time. This secondary circuit is inactive in a permanent regime and is only traveled by the electric current when the switch-disconnector arranged in a main circuit has begun its opening sequence, by means of a progressive transfer of the electric current from the main circuit to the secondary circuit. As the vacuum interrupter is generally at rest, it does not have to be dimensioned based on the restrictive electrical and dielectric performance of the permanent regime, such as the closing power against short circuit.

There are examples of the state of the art that deal with this type of solutions that include a main circuit equipped with a first means of operation, such as a switch-disconnector, through which the electric current circulates in a permanent regime and a secondary circuit equipped with a second means of operation, such as a vacuum interrupter, through which the electrical current flows in shunt, that is, in the opening sequence of the switch-disconnector, the mobile contact of this last element intercepts during its travel of opening with a free end of the secondary circuit and electric current begins to circulate through the secondary circuit at the same time that it circulates through the main circuit. In this way, continuing with the opening sequence, the switch-disconnector is separated from the main circuit without any electric arc being produced in the circuit. The continuation of the opening sequence and therefore the actuation of the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector on the secondary circuit opens the vacuum interrupter, interrupting the electric current, extinguishing the electric arc and thus obtaining the cutting maneuver position. Next, the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector is separated from the free end of the secondary circuit and allows the vacuum interrupter to close its contacts, but without the passage of electric current, since the secondary circuit remains open. At this moment, the sectioning maneuver position has been obtained. In the event of having a grounding contact, the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector would follow its opening sequence and when said mobile contact intercepted the grounding contact, the grounding position would be obtained.

In this sense, some State of the Art documents that describe this type of solution can be cited, for example, ES2387862T3, ES2526220T3, ES2525080T3, DE102004006476B4 or W02006074975A1. In the document ES2387862T3, the mobile contact of the main circuit disconnector, in its opening sequence, intercepts / interacts with an actuation means arranged in the branch of the secondary circuit and which is associated with the vacuum interrupter by means of a kinematic chain or system movement transmission to act on the mobile contact of said vacuum interrupter and cause its opening. The actuation means is arranged at the free end of the branch of the secondary circuit, connected to it by means of an articulated area equipped with a stop that prevents the movement of the actuation means in the opening direction of the disconnector and a spring that allows the movement of the actuation means in the closing direction of the disconnector, and that once the actuation means of the mobile contact of the disconnector is released, said spring makes the actuation means return to the stop position in closing the disconnector. The actuation means comprises a first face covered by a conductor directed towards the disconnector and a second face opposite to the first and covered with an insulator. In this way, when the disconnector opens, its mobile contact touches the actuating means on its conductive face and current is allowed to flow through the branch of the secondary circuit at the same time that it circulates through the branch of the main circuit. Continuing with the opening sequence, the disconnector is separated from the branch of the main circuit without any electric arc being produced in the circuit. The continuation of the opening sequence and therefore the actuation of the mobile contact of the disconnector on the branch of the secondary circuit opens the vacuum interrupter, interrupting the electric current and extinguishing the electric arc. In this document ES2387862T3, it is foreseen that the vacuum interrupter closes its contacts again just after the opening of the circuit, but without the passage of the electric current, since the branch of the secondary circuit remains open. In the closing sequence of the disconnector, its mobile contact touches the actuation means on its face covered by an insulator and therefore there must not be a flow of current through the branch of the secondary circuit, that is, the branch of the secondary circuit must be maintained open since the vacuum interrupter includes its closed contacts and since it is not dimensioned based on the restrictive electrical and dielectric performance of the permanent regime, such as the closing capacity against short circuit, the vacuum interrupter does not support the passage of a current of such magnitude with its contacts closed. Therefore, due to the separation of the vacuum interrupter contacts, an electrical arc would be formed. between the separated contacts, this being an undesired phenomenon that must be avoided since the formation of the arc can destroy the insulation and the contacts, as well as produce a sudden increase in temperature and pressure that can lead to explosions that cause material damage, the formation of toxic gases, even personal injury. In this sense, in the case of document ES2387862T3, there is the disadvantage that in the closing sequence of the disconnector the electrical insulation distance between the electrical components (between the mobile contact of the disconnector and the conductive face of the actuation means) can that it is not sufficient and consequently there may be a creepage line that establishes the circulation of the current through the branch of the secondary circuit, thus originating the previously mentioned undesired phenomenon referring to the formation of the electric arc between the contacts of the vacuum interrupter.

Similarly, in ES2526220T3 there is a means of actuating the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter in the branch of the secondary circuit, with the difference that in this solution the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter is blocked in its open position until that the main circuit disconnector performs the closing sequence. The purpose of this blocking is to protect against a possible quick reclosing of the secondary circuit. However, this blocking means that the vacuum interrupter is not ready for the next breaking maneuver and that the entire branch of the secondary circuit or derivation is not at the same electrical potential while the disconnector is kept open.

The object of the document ES2525080T3 is to simplify the kinematic chain to transmit the movement of the mobile contact of the disconnector to the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter. In the solution of this document, the number of elements of the kinematic chain (referred to as "control mechanism" in the document) is reduced, which comprises a rotary rocker as means of actuation of the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter, which connects a rod that is associated with the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter with the moving contact of the main circuit. In this way, a unitary and flexibly mounted rocker replaces a control mechanism made up of parts articulated with each other. As in the previous cases, the actuation means of the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter, specifically the rocker, is part of the branch of the secondary circuit, being the electrical conduction through the branch of the secondary circuit provided by the rocker itself or possibly by a commutation conductive lug, electrically connected to the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter and which extends to a free end superimposed approximately on a free end of the rocker which intercepts the movable contact of the main circuit, rubbing this movable contact of the main circuit on the free end of the switching lug.

DE102004006476B4 also defines an actuation means for the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter that is part of the branch of the secondary circuit, comprising in said secondary circuit the complete kinematic chain for the transmission of movement to the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter.

On the contrary, in the document W02006074975A1 the drive means is part of the main circuit, since in this case the drive means is a cam disc that is electrically and mechanically connected to the moving contact of the main circuit. The actuation means is arranged at the free end of the mobile contact of the main circuit, connected to it by means of an articulated area equipped with a stop that prevents the movement of the actuation means in the opening direction of the disconnector (in the same way as in the case of ES2387862T3) and a spring that returns it to the stop position when the disconnector is closed. In this solution, the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter includes, at its free end, an electrically conductive pin element that is intercepted by the cam disc in the opening sequence of the main circuit. Specifically, the cam disc comprises a guide slot in which the pin element is inserted which, as the main circuit follows its opening sequence, is forced to travel through said guide slot, transmitting said movement to the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter. . In this way, the electric current circulates in shunt through the pin element and the cam disk. In the closing sequence of the main circuit, the cam disc does not interfere with the pin element, so the vacuum interrupter is not subjected to any action and remains with its contacts closed. This solution, however, has the drawback that the guide groove of the cam disk has to have a path that is synchronized with the movement path of the mobile contact of the main circuit so that, as the said mobile contact of the main circuit moving, the pin element is at the appropriate point of the guide groove to convert the angular displacement of the mobile contact of the main circuit into a linear displacement that the pin element must transmit to the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter. In addition, the vacuum interrupter is fixed, that is, the vacuum interrupter does not include any movement, so the guide groove must have a more precise outline and thus the drawback related to synchronization is reinforced.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The load cut-off switch or short-circuit currents object of the present invention is applicable in electrical power distribution facilities, such as electrical transformation centers, distribution centers, substations, etc., for the protection and maneuvering electrical circuits, and solves each and every one of the problems mentioned above, so that the switch of the invention comprises a kinematic chain or simplified movement transmission system to act on the mobile contact of the vacuum switch and cause its opening , avoids the problem related to a possible strike of the current between the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector and the secondary circuit in the closing sequence of the switch and allows the vacuum interrupter to close its contacts once the operating position has been obtained section of the switch of the invention, thus leaving the vacuum switch ready. ío for the next cutting maneuver.

The switch of the invention comprises a main circuit for circulating electric current and a secondary circuit for circulating electric current bypass. The main circuit includes at least a first operating means, such as a switch-disconnector equipped with a fixed contact and a mobile contact, while the secondary circuit comprises at least a second operating means, such as a vacuum switch. comprising inside a fixed contact and a mobile contact.

The switch of the invention can adopt at least three operating positions, connection - disconnection - disconnection - grounding, so that the switch - disconnector can further comprise a grounding contact. In this way, the vacuum interrupter located in the secondary circuit performs the breaking operation and the switch-disconnector of the main circuit performs the connection, sectioning and grounding operations, thus compactly arranging a load breaking switch or of short-circuit currents capable of executing up to four operating positions.

In the opening sequence of the switch of the invention, the vacuum switch is actuated by the displacement of the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector through a control mechanism. The control mechanism comprises an electrically conductive rocking means, configured as at least one piece of conductive material, that is, this piece is electrically conductive on its entire external surface, and is connected to at least one lever through at least one lever. least a first articulation element, such as a return spring. Said tilting means is mounted on a first free end of the lever and can tilt around the first articulation element in the opening sequence and/or in the closing sequence of the load-break switch or short-circuit current switch, that is to say , both in the opening stroke of the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector and in the closing stroke of the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector, only in the opening stroke of the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector or only in the closing stroke of the contact switch mobile - disconnector.

In the closing sequence of the switch of the invention, the rocking means does not interfere electrically or mechanically with the vacuum switch, and therefore also with the secondary circuit. That is to say, during the closing sequence there is a physical separation between the tilting means and the secondary circuit, there being no electrical connection between them, thus avoiding the problem posed by the cited documents of the state of the art, that relating to a possible sparking of the current between the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector and the secondary circuit, which would make the vacuum interrupter unable to withstand with its closed contacts and due to the separation of the vacuum interrupter contacts an arc would be formed between these separate contacts, which can cause a sudden increase in temperature and pressure that can lead to explosions that cause material damage, the formation of toxic gases, even personal injury. In the switch of the invention, this problem related to starting the current is solved, since the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector can be at least partially insulated and because the rocking means can rotate around the first articulation element or a The first stop means can rotate around a third articulation element in a second direction (B) contrary to a first direction (A) until it is released from the moving contact of the switch-disconnector by sliding, without this having any electrical effect. neither mechanical on the secondary circuit or on the vacuum interrupter.

The first stop means of the control mechanism can be made of electrically conductive material where the tilting means can not be found abutting in its rest position, so that the tilting means is not in electrical connection with the main circuit or with the secondary circuit, while in the opening sequence of the switch of the invention the rocker means tilts around the first articulation element in the first direction (A) due to the thrust of the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector until the rocker means stops with the first stop means, such that said rocking means, the first stop means and the lever electrically and mechanically connect the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter with the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector, the first stop means and the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter electrically connected by at least one electrically conductive medium. At this moment the electric current begins to circulate through the secondary circuit at the same time that it circulates through the main circuit. In the closing sequence of the switch of the invention, the rocking means tilts around the first articulation element in the second direction (B), opposite to direction (A), without electrically or mechanically connecting the mobile contact of the vacuum switch with the mobile contact of the switch - disconnector.

Both the lever and the first stop means can be made of insulating material or are insulated by another insulating material, so that in this case the rocking means is electrically connected to the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter by means of at least one conductive means. electric. Therefore, in the opening sequence of the switch of the invention as soon as the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector intercepts the rocking means, the electrical current begins to circulate through the secondary circuit at the same time that it circulates through the main circuit. In the closing sequence of the switch of the invention, the first stop means can tilt around a third articulation element in the second direction (B) opposite to direction (A), without electrically or mechanically connecting the moving contact of the switch. vacuum with the mobile contact of the switch - disconnector. The first stop means can also comprise a protuberance where the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector contacts in the closing sequence of the switch of the invention.

On the contrary, the tilting means in its rest position can be abutting against the first stop means that comprises the control mechanism and that can be mounted on the lever, said tilting means being in electrical and mechanical connection with the secondary circuit. . In this sense, in the opening sequence of the switch-disconnector, the mobile contact of this intercepts in the course of its opening stroke with the rocking means, moment in which the electric current begins to circulate through the secondary circuit at the same time that it circulates by the main circuit, since the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter and the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector are electrically and mechanically connected through the rocking means and the lever respectively. In this case, the rocking means is electrically connected to the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter by at least one electrically conductive means. In the case where the first stop means is electrically conductive, said first stop means is electrically connected to the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter by means of an electrically conductive means. In the closing sequence of the switch of the invention, the rocking means tilts around the first articulation element in the second direction (B), opposite to direction (A), without electrically or mechanically connecting the mobile contact of the vacuum switch with the mobile contact of the switch - disconnector.

In the state in which the electric current flows through both the main circuit and the secondary circuit, continuing with the opening sequence, the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector continues to push the rocking means and the latter pushes the lever. Since the lever is also connected to a fixed part of the control mechanism by at least a second locking element articulation, such as a return spring that allows the tilting of the lever, and with the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter through a mechanical connection point, the displacement of the lever due to the thrust of the rocking means causes the movement of the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter, thus beginning the cutting manoeuvre. The mobile contact of the switch-disconnector continues to push the rocker and the latter on the lever, until the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector releases the rocker when the vacuum interrupter reaches its cut-off position, thus interrupting the electric current and extinguishing the electrical arc.

The possibility has been contemplated that the rocking means may comprise a protuberance, so that both in the opening sequence and in the closing sequence of the switch of the invention, the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector contacts said protuberance and pushes the medium. tilting.

Once the cut-off maneuver position has been obtained, the rocking means is separated from the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector, and allows the vacuum interrupter to close its contacts, but without the passage of electric current since the secondary circuit remains open , leaving the vacuum interrupter ready for the next breaking maneuver and the entire branch of the secondary circuit or derivation at the same electrical potential while the disconnector remains open. At this moment, the sectioning maneuver position has been obtained. From this point, the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector would follow its opening sequence and when said mobile contact intercepted the grounding contact, the grounding position would be obtained.

It has also been contemplated that the rocking means, instead of being a single piece, can comprise two pieces, a first piece that can come to a stop with the first stop means in an opening sequence of the switch of the invention and a second piece that can pivot around the first articulation element in the closing sequence of the switch of the invention. Likewise, the first part of the tilting means can rest on a second stop means in its rest position, said first part and said second being able to be joined. stop means by means of at least one flexible element, such as a return spring.

The switch-disconnector comprises a drive shaft that acts on its mobile contact to execute both the opening sequence and the closing sequence of the switch of the invention.

Finally, the switch of the invention can be part of electrical equipment and be integrated into said electrical equipment, such as a switchgear, which can comprise an enclosure in which the switch of the invention is integrated, immersed in a dielectric medium, at least one electrical connection element and one mechanical connection element accessible from the outside and inside of the enclosure, at least one cable compartment, one gas expansion compartment, as well as other electrical or electronic devices for measurement, control and protection , etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

To complement the description and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, in accordance with several preferred examples of its practical implementation, a set of figures is attached as an integral part of said description, in which, For illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

Figure 1.- Shows a perspective view of the casing that incorporates the switch of the invention inside, immersed in a dielectric medium, where at least one electrical connection element and one mechanical connection element accessible from the outside have been represented. of the envelope.

Figure 2.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention that incorporates at least part of its elements inside a casing.

Figure 3.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention in its connection maneuver position (the main electrical circuit is closed) according to a first embodiment of the invention, where the electric current circulates only through the main circuit and where the housing of the load break switch or short-circuit currents has not been represented, nor part of the lever of the control mechanism for a better visualization .

Figure 4 Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention in its connection maneuver position (the main electrical circuit is closed) according to a second embodiment of the invention, where the electrical current circulates only through the main circuit and where The housing of the load break switch or short-circuit currents has not been shown, nor part of the lever of the control mechanism for a better visualization.

Figure 5.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention in its connection maneuver position (the main electric circuit is closed) according to a third embodiment of the invention, where the electric current circulates only through the main circuit and where the casing of the load break switch or short circuit currents or part of the control mechanism lever has not been represented for a better visualization.

Figure 6.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention once the opening sequence has begun according to the embodiment of figure 3, where the electric current flows through both the main circuit and the secondary circuit.

Figure 7.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention once the opening sequence has begun according to the embodiment of figure 4, where the electric current flows through both the main circuit and the secondary circuit.

Figure 8.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention once the opening sequence has begun according to the embodiment of figure 5, where the electric current flows through both the main circuit and the secondary circuit.

Figure 9.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 3, where the electric current only circulates through the secondary shunt circuit. Figure 10.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 4, where the electric current only circulates through the secondary shunt circuit.

Figure 11.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 5, where the electric current only circulates through the secondary branch circuit.

Figure 12.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 3, in its cutting maneuver position.

Figure 13.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 4, in its cut-off position.

Figure 14.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 5, in its cutting position.

Figure 15.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 3, in its sectioning maneuver position.

Figure 16.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 4, in its isolating maneuver position.

Figure 17.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 5, in its sectioning maneuver position. Figure 18.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 3, in its grounding position, where the housing of the load break switch or short-circuit currents has not been represented nor part of the control mechanism lever for better visualization

Figure 19.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 4, in its grounding position.

Figure 20.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 5, in its grounding position.

Figures 21 a - 21 b.- Show individual details of the control mechanism that actuates the vacuum switch in the opening sequence of the switch of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 3.

Figures 22a - 22b.- Show individual details of the control mechanism that activates the vacuum switch in the opening sequence of the switch of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 4, where the mobile contact of the vacuum switch and the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector are electrically connected through the rocker means and the first stop means, said first stop means being electrically connected to the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter through an electrically conductive means.

Figure 23a - 23b.- They show details of the control mechanism that activates the vacuum interrupter in the opening sequence of the switch of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 4, where the mobile contact of the vacuum interrupter and the mobile contact of the switch-disconnector are electrically connected only via the rocker means, the rocker means being electrically connected to the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter via an electrically conductive medium. Figures 24a - 24b.- Show individual details of the control mechanism that actuates the vacuum switch in the opening sequence of the switch of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 5.

Figure 25.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention in the closing sequence according to the embodiment of figure 3.

Figure 26.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention in the closing sequence according to the embodiment of figure 4.

Figure 27.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention in the closing sequence according to the embodiment of figure 5.

Figure 28.- Shows a perspective view of the electrical equipment that incorporates the switch of the present invention inside.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 shows an enclosure (28) inside which the load-cutting switch or short-circuit current switch (1) object of the present invention is installed, and this enclosure (28) can be watertight, and insulated at any time. dielectric medium such as air, dry air, N2, O2 _, CO2, or gas mixtures such as fluoroketones with vector gases such as CO2, N2, O2, air or mixtures thereof, or gas mixtures such as, for example, hydrofluoroolefins with carrier gases such as N2, O2, dry air, helium, CO2 or mixtures thereof, or sulfur hexafluoride, etc.

The casing (28) comprises at least one electrical connection element (29), such as a male or female type bushing, and at least one mechanical connection element (32) accessible both from inside the casing (28) and from the outside, so that the coupling of other elements with the casing (28) is facilitated, such as a maneuvering mechanism through the mechanical connection elements (32) or other electrical switchgear through the electrical connection elements (29). ). The current or load cut-off switch of the invention (1) is installed inside said casing (28) and therefore isolated in the same dielectric medium that contains the casing (28).

As shown in Figures 3-20, the switch of the invention (1) comprises a main circuit (2) for circulating electric current and a secondary circuit (3) for circulating electric current bypass. The main circuit (2) comprises at least one first operating means, such as a switch-disconnector (4), equipped with a fixed contact (5) and a mobile contact (6), while the secondary circuit (3) It comprises at least one second operating means, such as a vacuum switch (7), which includes a fixed contact (8) and a mobile contact (9) inside. The switch of the invention (1) can adopt at least three operating positions, connection - disconnection - disconnection - grounding, so that the switch-disconnector (4) can also include a grounding contact (19). In this way, the vacuum switch (7) arranged in the secondary circuit (3) performs the cutting operation, as shown in figures 12-14, while the switch-disconnector (4) of the main circuit ( 2) performs the connection, sectioning and grounding operations, as shown in figures 3-5, 15-17 and 18-20 respectively.

Starting from the connection maneuver position of the switch of the invention (1) represented in figures 3-5 and where the current only circulates through the main circuit (2), in the opening sequence, the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) intercepts in the course of its opening stroke with a control mechanism (10), specifically with at least one rocking means (11) electrically conductive on its entire external contact surface that comprises said mechanism control (10). This tilting means (11) of electrically conductive material can comprise at least one first protuberance (20), as shown in figures 3-27, in this case said first protuberance (20) being the one that is intercepted by the contact mobile (6) of the switch - disconnector (4). The tilting means (11) is mounted at one end of at least one lever

(12) made of insulating material through at least one first articulation element

(13), such as a return spring. According to a first embodiment of the invention, at the moment when the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) intercepts the rocking means (11) or its projection (20), it begins to push said rocking means ( 11) making it tilt around the first articulation element (13) in a first direction (A), without any current flowing through the secondary circuit (3), still only current flows through the main circuit (2) . The mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) continues to push the rocking means (11), making it tilt in the first direction A, until the rocking means (11) comes to a stop with a first stop means (14) that includes the control mechanism (10) and that can be mounted on the lever (12), as can be seen in figure 6. At this very moment in which the tilting means (11) comes to a stop with the first means of stop (14) the current begins to circulate through the secondary circuit (3) at the same time as through the main circuit (2), since up to this moment the tilting means (11) in its rest position is not making a stop against the first stop means (14). In this sense, the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7) and the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) are electrically connected through the rocker means (11) and the first stop means (14 ), said first stop means (14) being able to be electrically connected to the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7) through at least one electrical conductive means (18), as shown in figures 21a -21b. Likewise, the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7) and the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) are mechanically connected through the rocker means (11), the first stop means (14) and of the lever (12). The first stop means (14) can be made of electrically conductive material, while the lever (12) can be made of insulating material or it can be insulated by another insulating material.

In this first embodiment, the tilting means (11) can comprise two pieces (21, 22), as shown in figures 21a-21b, a first piece (21) that can abut the first abutment means (14 ) in an opening sequence of the switch of the invention (1) and a second part (22) that can pivot around the first articulation element (13) in the closing sequence of the switch of the invention (1). Likewise, the first part (21) of the tilting means (11) can rest on a second stop means (25) in its rest position, being able to said first piece (21) and said second stop means (25) being joined by at least one flexible element (26), such as a return spring.

According to a second embodiment of the invention, according to figure 4, in its rest position the tilting means (11) is abutting the first abutment means (14), so that at the moment in which the contact mobile (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) intercepts with the rocking means (11) or with its projection (20) the current begins to circulate through the secondary circuit (3) at the same time as through the main circuit (2), as shown in figure 7. The mobile contact (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7) and the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) are electrically connected through the rocker (11) and the first stop means (14), said first stop means (14) being able to be electrically connected to the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7) through at least one electrical conductive means (18), such as is shown in Figures 22a-22b. In this case, the first stop means (14) is made of electrically conductive material, while the lever (12) can be made of insulating material or it can be insulated by another insulating material. Likewise, the possibility has been contemplated that the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7) and the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) remain electrically connected only through the rocking means (11), being able to the rocker means (11) being electrically connected to the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7) through at least one electrical conductive means (18), as shown in figures 23a-23b. On the other hand, the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7) and the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) are mechanically connected through the rocking means (11), the first stop means (14 ) and the lever (12), as shown in figures 22a-22b and 23a-23b.

In a third possible embodiment of the invention, according to figure 5, in its rest position the tilting means (11) is not abutting the first stop means (14) and the tilting means (11) is electrically connected to the moving contact (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7) through at least one electrically conductive means (18). Thus, at the moment in which the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) intercepts the rocking means (11) or its projection (20), the current begins to circulate through the secondary circuit. (3) at the same time as the main circuit (2), as shown in figure 8. The mobile contact (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7) and the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector ( 4) remain electrically connected only through the tilting means (11), as shown in figures 24a-24b. Likewise, the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7) and the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) are mechanically connected through the rocker

(11) and the lever (12). The mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) continues to push the rocking means (11), making it tilt in the first direction A, until the rocking means (11) comes to a stop with a first stop means (14) that comprises the control mechanism (10) and which can be mounted on the lever

(12).

Continuing with the opening sequence, the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) separates from the fixed contact (5) and therefore from the main circuit (2) without producing any electric arc in the circuit and the current only now circulates through the secondary circuit (3), as shown in figures 9-11. In turn, due to the push of the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4), the rocking means (11) pushes the first stop means (14) and this in turn pushes the lever (12). The lever (12) is connected to a fixed part (15) of the control mechanism (10) by means of a second articulation element (16), as shown in figures 2-27, around which the lever (12) tilts due to said push. Given that said lever (12) is also mechanically connected to the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7) by means of at least one mechanical connection point (17), the tilting of the lever (12) causes the displacement of the mobile contact (9), thus beginning the separation between the contacts (8) and (9) of the vacuum interrupter (7). The mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) continues to push the rocker (11) until the vacuum interrupter (7) reaches its cut-off position, represented in figures 12-14, at which time the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) releases the rocker (11).

Once the cutting maneuver position has been obtained and the rocker (11) of the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) has been released, as shown in figure 15-17, it is possible to allow the vacuum switch (7) close its contacts (8, 9), but without the passage of electric current since the secondary circuit (3) remains open, and that the lever (12) returns to its initial position thanks to the action of the second articulation element (16), which can be, for example, a return spring. At this moment the switch of the invention (1) is in the sectioning maneuver position. The possibility has also been considered that once the disconnection maneuver position is obtained, the vacuum switch (7) does not close its contacts (8, 9), keeping them open until the closing sequence of the switch of the invention (1) .

From this point, the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) can follow its opening sequence and when said mobile contact (6) intercepts the grounding contact (19) the grounding position is obtained. ground, as shown in Figures 18-20.

In the closing sequence of the switch of the invention (1), the rocker means (11) does not interfere electrically or mechanically with the vacuum switch (7), and therefore neither with the secondary circuit (3), due to the fact that the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) can be at least partially insulated by an insulating means such as insulating paint, an insulating cap, etc., and because the rocking means (11) can rotate in around the first articulation element (13) in a second direction (B) opposite to direction (A) until it is released from the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) by sliding, without this having any electrical or mechanical connection on the secondary circuit (3) or on the vacuum interrupter (7), that is, during the closing sequence there is a physical separation between the rocker (11) and the secondary circuit (3), there being no mechanical connection nor electric between both s. In the case of the first and second embodiment of the invention, according to figures 25 and 26, in the closing sequence the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts the first protuberance (20) and pushes to the tilting means (11) making it tilt around the first articulation element (13) in the second direction (B) contrary to the direction (A) until it is released by sliding. In the first embodiment, according to figure 25, specifically the first protuberance (20) is located in the second part (22) of the tilting means (11) and said second piece (22) is the one that tilts around the first articulation element (13) in the second direction (B) until it is released by sliding.

In the case of the third embodiment of the invention, according to figure 27, in the closing sequence the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts a second protuberance (35) that comprises the first means of stop (14) and pushes the first stop means (14) making it tilt around a third articulation element (34) in the second direction (B) contrary to the direction (A) until it is released by sliding.

The switch-disconnector (4) comprises an actuation shaft (23), as shown in figures 2-20 and 25-27, which acts on the mobile contact (6) to execute both the opening sequence and the closing sequence of the switch of the invention (1) due to the action of a maneuvering mechanism not shown in the figures and which can be coupled to the casing (28) through the mechanical connection element (32) shown in the figure one.

The possibility has been contemplated that the switch of the invention (1) may comprise a casing (24), as shown in figure 2, where some of its elements are at least partially integrated, such as the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4), the control mechanism (10), the earthing contact (19) of the switch-disconnector (4), etc.

The switch of the invention (1) can comprise a three-phase configuration and therefore comprise part of its elements corresponding to the three phases, at least partially, incorporated inside the casing (24).

Finally, in figure 28 an electrical equipment (27) has been represented, such as a cubicle, which comprises at least one switch of the invention (1) in an enclosure (28) immersed in a dielectric medium, at least one element electrical connection (29) and a mechanical connection element (32) accessible from the outside and inside of the enclosure (28), at least one cable compartment (30), a gas expansion compartment (31), as well as other electrical or electronic devices (33) for measurement, control and protection, etc.

Claims

1.- Load cut-off switch or short-circuit currents (1) comprising a main circuit (2) for the circulation of electric current and a secondary circuit

(3) for circulation of electrical current in shunt, where the main circuit (2) comprises a switch-disconnector (4) equipped with a fixed contact (5) and a mobile contact (6), and where the secondary circuit (3 ) comprises a vacuum interrupter (7) which in turn comprises a fixed contact (8) and a mobile contact (9), the vacuum interrupter (7) being activated by the movement of the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) through a control mechanism (10), characterized in that the control mechanism (10) comprises an electrically conductive rocking means (11) connected to at least one lever (12), and in that at least the rocking means (11) and the lever (12) mechanically connect the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) with the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector

(4) in the opening sequence of the load break switch or short-circuit currents (1).

2.- Load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the control mechanism (10) comprises a first stop means (14) where the tilting means (11) is not located making a stop in its rest position and where the rocking means (11) stops in the opening sequence of the load break switch or short-circuit currents (1) due to the tilting of the rocking means (11) around a first articulation element (13).

3.- Load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the control mechanism (10) comprises a first stop means (14) where the tilting means (11) is making stop in its rest position and where the rocker means (11) is not making a stop in the closing sequence of the load break switch or short-circuit currents (1) due to the tilting of the rocker means (11) around a first articulation element (13).

4.- Load cut-off switch or short-circuit currents (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first stop means (14) is made of electrically conductive material and the lever (12) is made of insulating material or is insulated by another insulating material.

5.- Load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first stop means (14) and the lever (12) are made of insulating material or are insulated by another insulating material.

6.- load cut-off switch or short-circuit currents (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the rocking means (11) is electrically connected to the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) by means of at least one electrical conductive means (18).

7.- Load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the first stop means (14) is electrically connected to the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) by means of the least one electrical conductive means (18).

8.- Load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1) according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that the lever (12) is connected to a fixed part (15) of the control mechanism (10) by means of at least a second articulation element (16) that allows the tilting of the lever (12).

9.- Load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the lever (12) comprises a mechanical connection point (17) with the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7). ).

10. Load or short-circuit current break switch (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a grounding contact (19).

11.- Load or short-circuit current break switch (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the rocking means (11) comprises at least a first protuberance (20), so that in an opening sequence of the load break switch or short-circuit currents (1) the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts said first protuberance (20) and pushes the tilting means (11) making it tilt around the first articulation element (13) in a first direction (A) until it comes up against the first stop means (14) and continues pushing it until it is released when the vacuum switch (7 ) reaches its breaking maneuver position, while in a closing sequence of the load breaking switch or short-circuit currents (1) the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts said first protuberance (20 ) and pushes the tilting means (11) making it tilt around the first articulation element (13) in a second direction (B) contrary to the direction (A) until it is released by sliding.

12.- Load or short-circuit current break switch (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the rocking means (11) comprises at least one first protuberance (20), so that in an opening sequence of the breaker load breaking or short-circuit currents (1) the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts said first protuberance (20) and pushes the rocking means (11) that is abutting the first means of stop (14) and in turn to the lever (12), releasing the rocking means (11) when the vacuum switch (7) reaches its cut-off position, while in a closing sequence of the cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts said first protuberance (20) and pushes the tilting means (11) making it tilt around the first articulation element (13) in a second sense (B) opposite to a first direction (A) until it is released by sliding.

13.- Load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) is partially isolated by means of insulating means.

14.- Load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the first stop means (14) is located mounted at one end of the lever (12) through a third articulation element (34), so that in an opening sequence of the load break switch or short-circuit currents (1) the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts a first protuberance (20) of the tilting means (11) and pushes the tilting means (11) making it tilt around the first articulation element (13) in a first direction (A) until it comes to rest with the first stop means (14) and keep pushing it until it is released when the vacuum interrupter (7) reaches its cut-off position, while in a closing sequence of the cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1 ) the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts a second protuberance (35) of the first stop means (14) and pushes said first stop means (14) making it tilt around the third articulation element (34) in a second sense (B) co opposite direction (A) until it is released by sliding.

15.- Load or short-circuit current break switch (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the rocking means (11) comprises two pieces (21, 22), a first piece (21) that abuts the first stop means (14) in an opening sequence of the load break switch or short-circuit current switch (1) and a second piece (22) that tilts around the first articulation element (13) in the closing sequence of the load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1).

16.- Load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that the first part (21) of the tilting means (11) rests on a second stop means (25), said said first part (21) and said second stop means (25) by means of a flexible element (26).

17.- Load or short-circuit current break switch (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first articulation element (13), the second articulation element (16), the third articulation element ( 34) and the flexible element (26) comprise return springs.

18.- Load break switch or short-circuit currents (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switch-disconnector (4) includes a drive shaft (23) that acts on the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4).

19.- Load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a casing (24).

20.- Load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a three-phase configuration.

21.- Electrical equipment (27) comprising at least one load cut-off or short-circuit current switch (1) as described in any of the preceding claims, which also comprises an enclosure (28) in which the load breaker or short circuit current switch (1) immersed in a dielectric medium, at least one electrical connection element (29) and one mechanical connection element (32) accessible from the outside of the enclosure (28), to which least one cable compartment (30), one gas expansion compartment (31), as well as other electrical or electronic devices (33).