ES1275577U - Load or short-circuit current cut-off switch and electrical equipment that incorporates said switch (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Load or short-circuit current cut-off switch (1) comprising a main circuit (2) for the circulation of the electric current and a secondary circuit (3) for the circulation of the electric current by shunt, where the main circuit (2) comprises a switch-disconnector (4) provided with a fixed contact (5) and a moving contact (6), and where the secondary circuit (3) comprises a vacuum interrupter (7) which in turn comprises a fixed contact (8) and a moving contact (9), the vacuum switch (7) being actuated by moving the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) through a control mechanism (10), characterized in that The control mechanism (10) comprises an electrically conductive rocker means (11) connected to at least one lever (12), and because at least the rocker means (11) and the lever (12) mechanically connect the movable contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) with the moving contact (6) of the switch - disconnector (4) in the sequence of opening the load break switch or short-circuit currents (1). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Load or short-circuit current cut-off switch and electrical equipment that incorporates said switch

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a load or short-circuit current cut-off switch, for application in electric power distribution networks, comprising a main circuit for the circulation of electric current and a secondary circuit for the circulation of electric current in shunt. The main circuit comprises a switch-disconnector with a fixed contact and a moving contact, while the secondary circuit comprises a vacuum interrupter that is actuated by the moving contact of the switch-disconnector.

The cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents of the invention can adopt at least three operating positions, connection-cut-off-sectioning, as well as a fourth grounding position, in the latter case comprising a grounding contact, thus having in a compact way a cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents capable of executing up to four operating positions (connection, cut-off, sectionalization and earthing).

Another object of the invention is an electrical equipment, such as a cell, which incorporates said cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents in an enclosure insulated in a dielectric medium.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

At present, the electrical switchgear used in electrical power distribution networks is installed in enclosures that are usually metallic, called cells. Said switchgear comprises maneuvering means that perform the functions of cutting - sectioning - grounding the installation.

On the one hand, maneuvering means are used such as disconnectors that comprise two contacts that can be joined to let the current pass or leave a physical separation determined by the safety standard or the manufacturer to prevent the passage of the current, and which also comprise a third contact for grounding the electrical circuit. But These disconnectors are sometimes not capable of performing the functions of the switch, that is, cutting the current when the circuit is under load or in the event of an overcurrent fault, if they have not been designed for it or do not have the appropriate extinguishing means.

It is known to use switching means based on contact separation technology in SF6 gas in order to cut the current (the current when the circuit is on load or fault current due to overcurrent). This solution has numerous advantages in terms of the compactness of the electrical switchgear, its cost and its performance, mainly due to the exceptional properties of SF6 gas, such as dielectric strength, thermal conductivity, chemical stability, etc. However, SF6 gas has the disadvantage of being part of the gases with a high environmental impact due to its high potential for greenhouse effect (GWP = 22800).

On the other hand, maneuvering means constituted by vacuum switches are known, which consist of a bottle inside which a pair of electrical contacts is housed, one fixed and the other mobile that moves by the actuation of a maneuvering mechanism, to perform the cut-off functions - connection of the corresponding electrical circuit. But these vacuum interrupters are not used for current cut-off functions when the circuit is on load due to their high cost.

In this sense, solutions are known in which a vacuum switch is placed in a secondary or bypass circuit in such a way as to guarantee the cut-off of the electric current and at the same time the cost of this technology is reduced because the switch The vacuum used can be of lower performance by having to withstand the electric current for a shorter time. This secondary circuit is inactive in steady state and is only traversed by the electric current when the switch-disconnector arranged in a main circuit has begun its opening sequence, by means of a progressive transfer of electric current from the main circuit to the secondary circuit. As the vacuum interrupter is generally at rest, it does not have to be dimensioned based on the restrictive electrical and dielectric performance of the permanent regime, such as the short-circuit making power.

There are examples of the state of the art that deal with this type of solutions that comprise a main circuit equipped with a first maneuvering means, such as a switch-disconnector, through which the electric current circulates in permanent regime and a secondary circuit equipped with a second operating means, such as a vacuum interrupter, through which the electrical current circulates in bypass, that is, in the opening sequence of the switch-disconnector, the moving contact of this last element intercepts in the course of its opening stroke with a free end of the secondary circuit and the electric current begins to circulate through the secondary circuit at the same time as it circulates through the main circuit. In this way, following the opening sequence, the switch-disconnector is separated from the main circuit without producing any electric arc in the circuit. The continuation of the opening sequence and therefore the actuation of the moving contact of the switch-disconnector on the secondary circuit opens the vacuum interrupter, interrupting the electric current, extinguishing the electric arc and thus obtaining the cut-off maneuver position. Subsequently, the moving contact of the switch-disconnector is separated from the free end of the secondary circuit and allows the vacuum interrupter to close its contacts, but without passage of electric current, since the secondary circuit remains open. At this moment, the disconnecting maneuver position has been obtained. In case of having an earthing contact, the moving contact of the switch-disconnector would follow its opening sequence and by intercepting said moving contact the earthing contact would obtain the earthing position.

In this sense, some documents of the State of the Art that describe this type of solutions can be cited, for example, ES2387862T3, ES2526220T3, ES2525080T3, DE102004006476B4 or WO2006074975A1.

In document ES2387862T3 the moving contact of the main circuit disconnector, in its opening sequence, intercepts / interacts with an actuating means arranged in the branch of the secondary circuit and which is associated with the vacuum interrupter by means of a kinematic chain or system. of movement transmission to act on the mobile contact of said vacuum switch and cause its opening. The actuating means is arranged at the free end of the branch of the secondary circuit, attached to it by means of an articulated area provided with a stop that prevents the movement of the actuating means in the opening direction of the disconnector and a spring that allows the movement of the actuating means in the direction of closure of the disconnector, and that once the actuating means of the moving contact of the disconnector is released, said spring makes the actuating means return to the stop position when closing the disconnector. The actuating means comprises a first face covered by a conductor directed towards the disconnector and a second face opposite the first and covered by an insulator. In this way, when the disconnector opens, its moving contact touches the actuating means on its conductive face and the current is allowed to flow through the branch of the secondary circuit at the same time as it circulates through the branch of the main circuit. Following the opening sequence, the disconnector separates from the main circuit branch without producing any electric arc in the circuit. The continuation of the opening sequence and therefore the actuation of the moving contact of the disconnector on the branch of the secondary circuit opens the vacuum interrupter, interrupting the electric current and extinguishing the electric arc. In this document ES2387862T3, it is envisaged that the vacuum switch closes its contacts again just after the opening of the circuit, but without passage of the electric current, since the branch of the secondary circuit remains open. In the sequence of closing the disconnector, its moving contact touches the actuating means on its face covered by an insulator and therefore there must not be a current flow through the branch of the secondary circuit, that is, the branch of the secondary circuit must be maintained open since the vacuum interrupter comprises its closed contacts and since it is not dimensioned based on the restrictive electrical and dielectric performance of the permanent regime, such as the making power against short circuit, the vacuum interrupter does not withstand the passage of a current of such magnitude with its contacts closed. Therefore, due to the separation of the vacuum interrupter contacts, an electric arc would form between the separated contacts, this being an undesired phenomenon that has to be avoided since arcing can destroy the insulations and contacts, as well as produce a sudden increase in temperature and pressure that can lead to explosions that cause material damage, the formation of toxic gases, even personal injury. In this sense, in the case of document ES2387862T3, there is the drawback that in the sequence of closing the disconnector the electrical isolation distance between the electrical components (between the moving contact of the disconnector and the conductive face of the actuating means) can that it is not enough and consequently there may be a leakage line that establishes the circulation of the current through the branch of the secondary circuit, thus causing the previously mentioned undesired phenomenon regarding the formation of the electric arc between the contacts of the vacuum interrupter.

Similarly, the ES2526220T3 has a means for actuating the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter in the branch of the secondary circuit, with the difference that in this solution the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter remains locked in its open position until that the main circuit disconnector executes the closing sequence. The purpose of this blocking is to protect against a possible rapid reclosing of the secondary circuit. However, this lockout renders the vacuum interrupter unprepared for the next cut-off maneuver and that the entire branch of the secondary circuit or bypass is not at the same electric potential as long as the disconnector remains open.

It is the object of document ES2525080T3 to simplify the kinematic chain to transmit the movement of the moving contact of the disconnector to the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter. In the solution of this document, the number of elements of the kinematic chain (referred to as "control mechanism" in the document) is reduced, which comprises a rotary rocker as a means of actuating the movable contact of the vacuum switch, which connects a rod that is associated with the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter with the movable contact of the main circuit. In this way a unitary and flexibly mounted rocker replaces a control mechanism composed of parts articulated to each other. As in the cases Previously, the means for actuating the movable contact of the vacuum switch, specifically the rocker arm, is part of the branch of the secondary circuit, the electrical conduction through the branch of the secondary circuit being provided by the same rocker arm or possibly by a lug. switching conductor, electrically connected to the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter and extending to a free end its perposed approximately on a free end of the rocker that intercepts the moving contact of the main circuit, this moving contact of the main circuit rubbing on the free end of the switching lug.

DE102004006476B4 also defines a means for actuating the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter that is part of the branch of the secondary circuit, comprising in said secondary circuit the complete kinematic chain for the transmission of movement to the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter.

On the contrary, in document WO2006074975A1 the actuating means is part of the main circuit, since in this case the actuating means is a cam disc that is electrically and mechanically connected to the moving contact of the main circuit. The actuating means is arranged at the free end of the moving contact of the main circuit, connected to it by means of an articulated area provided with a stop that prevents the movement of the actuating means in the opening direction of the disconnector (in the same way as in the case of ES2387862T3) and of a spring that returns it to the stop position when closing the disconnector. In this solution, the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter comprises at its free end an electrically conductive pin element that is intercepted by the cam disc in the main circuit opening sequence. Specifically, the cam disc comprises a guide groove into which the pin element is inserted which, as follows main circuit its opening sequence, it is forced to go through said guide groove, transmitting said movement to the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter. In this way, the electric current shunts through the pin element and the cam disc. In the closing sequence of the main circuit, the cam disc does not interfere with the pin element, so the vacuum interrupter is not subjected to any action and remains with its contacts closed. This solution, however, has the drawback that the cam disc guide groove must have a tracing that is synchronized with the travel path of the moving contact of the main circuit so that, as said moving contact of the main circuit moves , the pin element is at the appropriate point of the guide groove to convert the angular displacement of the moving contact of the main circuit into linear displacement that the pin element must transmit to the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter. Furthermore, the vacuum switch is fixed, that is, the vacuum switch does not comprise any movement, so the guide groove must be more precisely traced, thereby reinforcing the drawback regarding timing.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The load or short-circuit current cut-off switch object of the present invention is applicable in electrical power distribution facilities such as, for example, electrical transformation centers, distribution centers, substations, etc., for protection and maneuvering electrical circuits, and solves each and every one of the problems mentioned above, so that the switch of the invention comprises a kinematic chain or simplified movement transmission system to act on the moving contact of the vacuum switch and cause its opening , avoids the problem related to a possible priming of the current between the moving contact of the switch-disconnector and the secondary circuit in the circuit-breaker closing sequence and allows the vacuum interrupter to close its contacts once the operating position has been obtained of the breaker of the invention, thus leaving the vacuum breaker ready. io for the next cutting maneuver.

The switch of the invention comprises a main circuit for circulating the electric current and a secondary circuit for circulating the electric current by shunt. The main circuit comprises at least a first operating means, such as a switch-disconnector provided with a fixed contact and a moving contact, while the circuit The secondary device comprises at least one second operating means, such as a vacuum interrupter that includes a fixed contact and a moving contact within it.

The switch of the invention can adopt at least three operating positions, connection-cut-off-grounding, so that the switch-disconnector can also comprise a grounding contact. In this way, the vacuum switch arranged in the secondary circuit performs the cut-off maneuver and the switch-disconnector of the main circuit performs the connection, sectionalization and earthing operations, thus compactly arranging a cut-off switch on load or of short-circuit currents capable of executing up to four operating positions.

In the opening sequence of the breaker of the invention, the vacuum breaker is actuated by the movement of the moving contact of the switch-disconnector through a control mechanism. The control mechanism comprises an electrically conductive tilting means, configured as at least one piece of conductive material, that is, this piece is electrically conductive on its entire external surface, and is attached to at least one lever through the minus a first hinge element, such as a return spring. Said rocking means is mounted on a first free end of the lever and can pivot around the first articulation element in the opening sequence and / or in the closing sequence of the load or short-circuit breaker switch, that is to say , both in the opening stroke of the movable contact of the switch-disconnector and in the closing stroke of the movable contact of the switch-disconnector, only in the opening stroke of the movable contact of the switch-disconnector or only in the closing stroke of the contact switch-disconnector mobile.

In the closing sequence of the switch of the invention, the rocker does not interfere electrically or mechanically with the vacuum switch, and therefore not with the secondary circuit. In other words, during the closing sequence there is a physical separation between the tipping means and the secondary circuit, there being no electrical connection between them, thus avoiding the problem posed by the cited documents of the state of the art, that of A possible start-up of the current between the moving contact of the switch-disconnector and the secondary circuit, which would make the vacuum interrupter unable to withstand with its contacts closed and due to the separation of the vacuum interrupter contacts an arc would form between these separate contacts, which can cause a sudden increase in temperature and pressure that can lead to explosions that cause material damage, the formation of toxic gases, even personal injury. In the The switch of the invention, this problem relating to the starting of the current is solved, since the moving contact of the switch-disconnector can be at least partially isolated and because the tilting means can rotate around the first articulation element or a first means The stop can rotate around a third articulation element in a second direction (B) opposite to a first direction (A) until it is released from the moving contact of the slide switch-disconnector, without having any electrical or mechanical effect on the secondary circuit or on the vacuum switch.

The first stop means of the control mechanism can be made of electrically conductive material where the tilting means may not be abutting in its rest position, so that the tilting means is not in electrical connection with the main circuit or with the secondary circuit, while in the opening sequence of the breaker of the invention the tilting means swivels around the first articulation element in the first direction (A) due to the thrust of the moving contact of the switch-disconnector until the tilting means stops. with the first stop means, so that said tilting means, the first stop means and the lever electrically and mechanically connect the moving contact of the vacuum switch with the moving contact of the switch-disconnector, the first stop means and the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter electrically connected by at least one electrically conductive means. At this moment the electric current begins to circulate through the secondary circuit at the same time as it circulates through the main circuit. In the sequence of closing the circuit-breaker of the invention, the tilting means swivels around the first articulation element in the second direction (B), opposite to the direction (A), without electrically or mechanically connecting the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter with the moving contact of the switch-disconnector.

Both the lever and the first stop means can be made of insulating material or are insulated by another insulating material, so that in this case the tilting means is electrically connected to the moving contact of the vacuum switch by at least one conductive means. electric. Therefore, in the opening sequence of the switch of the invention, as soon as the moving contact of the switch-disconnector intercepts the tipping means, the electric current begins to flow through the secondary circuit at the same time as it circulates through the main circuit. In the sequence of closing the switch of the invention, the first stop means can swing around a third articulation element in the second direction (B) opposite to the direction (A), without electrically or mechanically connecting the moving contact of the switch. with the moving contact of the switch-disconnector. The first stop means may also comprise a protrusion where the contact switch-disconnector movable contacts in the closing sequence of the circuit breaker of the invention.

On the contrary, the tilting means in its rest position may be abutting against the first stop means comprising the control mechanism and which may be mounted on the lever, said tilting means being in electrical and mechanical connection with the secondary circuit . In this sense, in the opening sequence of the switch-disconnector, the mobile contact of this intercepts in the course of its opening stroke with the tipping means, at which time the electric current begins to circulate through the secondary circuit at the same time as it circulates. by the main circuit, since the moving contact of the vacuum interrupter and the moving contact of the switch-disconnector are connected electrically and mechanically through the rocker means and the lever respectively. In this case, the rocker means is electrically connected to the movable contact of the vacuum switch by at least one electrically conductive means. In the case where the first stop means is electrically conductive, said first stop means is electrically connected with the movable contact of the vacuum switch by an electrically conductive means. In the sequence of closing the circuit-breaker of the invention, the tilting means swivels around the first articulation element in the second direction (B), opposite to the direction (A), without electrically or mechanically connecting the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter with the moving contact of the switch-disconnector.

In the state in which the electric current flows through both the main circuit and the secondary circuit, following the opening sequence, the moving contact of the switch-disconnector continues to push the rocker and the latter pushes the lever. Because the lever is also connected to a fixed part of the control mechanism by at least a second articulation element, such as a return spring that allows the lever to pivot, and with the moving contact of the vacuum switch By means of a mechanical connection point, the movement of the lever due to the thrust of the tilting means causes the movement of the movable contact of the vacuum switch, thus starting the cutting maneuver. The moving contact of the switch-disconnector continues to push the rocker means and the latter the lever, until the moving contact of the switch-disconnector releases the rocker when the vacuum interrupter reaches its switch-off position, thus interrupting the electric current and extinguishing the electric arc.

The possibility has been contemplated that the tilting means may comprise a protrusion, so that both in the opening sequence and in the closing sequence of the breaker of the invention, the moving contact of the switch-disconnector contacts said protrusion and pushes the medium. swingarm.

Once the cut-off maneuver position has been obtained, the tipping means separates from the moving contact of the switch-disconnector, and allows the vacuum interrupter to close its contacts, but without the passage of electric current since the secondary circuit remains open. , leaving the vacuum interrupter ready for the next cut-off maneuver and the entire branch of the secondary circuit or derivation at the same electrical potential while the disconnector remains open. At this moment, the disconnecting maneuver position has been obtained. From this point on, the moving contact of the switch-disconnector would follow its opening sequence and by intercepting said moving contact the grounding contact would obtain the grounding position.

It has also been contemplated that the tilting means, instead of being a single piece, can comprise two pieces, a first piece that can abut the first abutment means in an opening sequence of the switch of the invention and a second piece which can pivot around the first articulation element in the closing sequence of the switch of the invention. Likewise, the first part of the tilting means can rest on a second stop means in its rest position, said first part and said second stop means can be joined by at least one flexible element, such as a return spring, for example.

The switch-disconnector comprises an actuating shaft that acts on its moving contact to execute both the opening sequence and the closing sequence of the switch of the invention.

Finally, the switch of the invention can form part of an electrical equipment and be integrated into said electrical equipment, such as a cell, which may comprise an enclosure where the switch of the invention is integrated immersed in a dielectric medium, at least one electrical connection element and one mechanical connection element accessible from outside and inside the enclosure, at least one cable compartment, one gas expansion compartment, as well as other electrical or electronic devices for measurement, control and protection , etc.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

To complement the description and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to several preferred examples of its practical embodiment, a set of figures is attached as an integral part of said description in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

Figure 1.- Shows a perspective view of the enclosure that incorporates the switch of the invention immersed in a dielectric medium inside, where at least one electrical connection element and one mechanical connection element accessible from the outside have been represented of the envelope.

Figure 2.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention that incorporates at least part of its elements inside a housing.

Figure 3.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention in its connection maneuvering position (the main electrical circuit is closed) according to a first embodiment of the invention, where the electrical current circulates only through the main circuit and where the housing of the cut-off switch in load or short-circuit currents and part of the control mechanism lever have not been represented for a better visualization.

Figure 4.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention in its connection maneuvering position (the main electrical circuit is closed) according to a second embodiment of the invention, where the electrical current circulates only through the main circuit and where the housing of the cut-off switch in load or short-circuit currents and part of the control mechanism lever have not been represented for a better visualization.

Figure 5.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention in its connection maneuvering position (the main electrical circuit is closed) according to a third embodiment of the invention, where the electrical current circulates only through the main circuit and where the housing of the cut-off switch in load or short-circuit currents and part of the control mechanism lever have not been represented for a better visualization.

Figure 6.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention once the opening sequence has begun according to the embodiment of figure 3, where the electric current flows through both the main circuit and the secondary circuit.

Figure 7.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention once the opening sequence has begun according to the embodiment of figure 4, where the electric current circulates through both the main circuit and the secondary circuit.

Figure 8.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention once the opening sequence has begun according to the embodiment of figure 5, where the electric current circulates both through the main circuit and through the secondary circuit.

Figure 9.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 3, where the electric current only circulates through the secondary bypass circuit.

Figure 10.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 4, where the electric current only circulates through the secondary bypass circuit.

Figure 11.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 5, where the electric current only circulates through the secondary bypass circuit.

Figure 12.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 3, in its cut-off maneuver position.

Figure 13.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 4, in its cut-off position.

Figure 14.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 5, in its cut-off maneuver position.

Figure 15.- Shows an elevation view of the circuit breaker of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 3, in its disconnection operating position.

Figure 16.- Shows an elevation view of the circuit breaker of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 4, in its disconnection operating position.

Figure 17.- Shows an elevation view of the circuit breaker of the invention following the opening sequence according to the embodiment of figure 5, in its disconnection operating position.

Figure 18.- Shows an elevation view of the circuit breaker of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 3, in its grounding maneuver position, where the housing of the cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents has not been represented nor part of the control mechanism lever for better viewing

Figure 19.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 4, in its grounding maneuvering position.

Figure 20.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 5, in its grounding maneuver position.

Figures 21a - 21b.- Show respective details of the control mechanism that operates the vacuum switch in the sequence of opening the switch of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 3.

Figures 22a - 22b.- Show details of the control mechanism that actuates the vacuum switch in the opening sequence of the breaker of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 4, where the moving contact of the vacuum breaker and the moving contact of the switch-disconnector are electrically connected through the tilting means and the first stop means, said first stop means being electrically connected with the movable contact of the vacuum switch through an electrically conductive means.

Figure 23a - 23b.- They show respective details of the control mechanism that operates the vacuum switch in the opening sequence of the switch of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 4, where the moving contact of the vacuum switch and the moving contact of the switch-disconnector are electrically connected only through the rocker means, the rocker means being electrically connected to the movable contact of the vacuum switch through an electrically conductive means.

Figures 24a - 24b.- Show respective details of the control mechanism that operates the vacuum switch in the opening sequence of the switch of the invention according to the embodiment of figure 5.

Figure 25.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention in the closing sequence according to the embodiment of figure 3.

Figure 26.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention in the closing sequence according to the embodiment of figure 4.

Figure 27.- Shows an elevation view of the switch of the invention in the closing sequence according to the embodiment of figure 5.

Figure 28.- Shows a perspective view of the electrical equipment that incorporates the switch of the present invention inside.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 shows an enclosure (28) inside which the load or short-circuit current cut-off switch (1) object of the present invention is installed, this enclosure (28) being able to be watertight, and insulated in any dielectric medium such as air, dry air, N2, O2, CO2, or gas mixtures such as, for example, fluoroketones with vector gases such as CO2, N2, O2, air or mixtures thereof, or gas mixtures such as, for example, hydrofluoroolefins with vector gases such as N2, O2, dry air, helium, CO2 or mixtures thereof, or sulfur hexafluoride, etc.

The casing (28) comprises at least one electrical connection element (29), such as a male or female type bushing, and at least one mechanical connection element (32) accessible both from inside the casing (28) as well as from the outside, so that the coupling of other elements with the enclosure (28) is facilitated, such as a maneuvering mechanism through the mechanical connection elements (32) or other electrical switchgear through the electrical connection elements (29 ). The cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) of the invention is installed inside said enclosure (28) and therefore insulated in the same dielectric medium that contains the enclosure (28).

As shown in Figures 3-20, the switch of the invention (1) comprises a main circuit (2) for the circulation of the electric current and a secondary circuit (3) for the circulation of the electric current by shunt. The main circuit (2) comprises at least a first operating means, such as a switch-disconnector (4), provided with a fixed contact (5) and a moving contact (6), while the secondary circuit (3) it comprises at least one second operating means, such as a vacuum switch (7), which comprises inside a fixed contact (8) and a moving contact (9). The switch of the invention (1) can adopt at least three operating positions, connection - cut-off - grounding, so that the switch-disconnector (4) can also comprise a grounding contact (19). In this way, the vacuum switch (7) arranged in the secondary circuit (3) performs the cut-off maneuver, as shown in figures 12-14, while the switch-disconnector (4) of the main circuit ( 2) performs the connection, sectionalization and grounding operations, as shown in figures 3-5, 15-17 and 18-20 respectively.

Starting from the connection maneuvering position of the switch of the invention (1) represented in figures 3-5 and where the current only flows through the main circuit (2), in the opening sequence, the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) intercepts in the course of its opening stroke with a control mechanism (10), specifically with at least one electrically conductive tipping means (11) on its entire external contact surface that comprises said mechanism of control (10). This tilting means (11) made of electrically conductive material can comprise at least one first protrusion (20), as shown in Figures 3-27, in this case said first protrusion (20) being the one intercepted by the contact mobile (6) of the switch-disconnector (4). The pivoting means (11) is mounted on one end of at least one lever (12) made of insulating material through at least one first articulation element (13), such as a return spring, for example.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, at the moment when the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) intercepts with the tilting means (11) or with its protuberance (20), it begins to push said tilting means ( 11) making it swivel around the first articulation element (13) in a first direction (A), without any current flowing through the secondary circuit (3), still only current circulates through the main circuit (2) . The moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) continues to push the tipping means (11), making it tilt in the first direction A, until the tipping means (11) abuts a first stop means (14) that understand the control mechanism (10) and that can be mounted on the lever (12), as can be seen in figure 6. At this same moment when the tilting means (11) comes into contact with the first stop means ( 14) the current begins to circulate through the secondary circuit (3) as well as through the main circuit (2), since until this moment the tilting means (11) in its rest position is not abutting the first stop means (14). In this sense, the moving contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) and the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) are electrically connected through the rocker means (11) and the first stop means (14 ), said first stop means (14) being able to be electrically connected with the moving contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) through at least one electrical conducting means (18), as shown in Figures 21a -21b. Likewise, the moving contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) and the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) are mechanically connected through the rocker means (11), the first stop means (14) and lever (12). The first stop means (14) can be made of electrically conductive material, while the lever (12) can be made of insulating material or can be insulated by other insulating material.

In this first embodiment the tilting means (11) can comprise two pieces (21, 22), as shown in Figures 21a-21b, a first piece (21) that can abut the first stop means (14 ) in an opening sequence of the switch of the invention (1) and a second piece (22) that can pivot around the first articulation element (13) in the closing sequence of the switch of the invention (1). Likewise, the first part (21) of the tilting means (11) can rest on a second stop means (25) in its rest position, said first part (21) and said second stop means (25) being able to be joined. by at least one flexible element (26), such as a return spring.

According to a second embodiment of the invention, according to figure 4, in its rest position the tilting means (11) is abutting the first abutment means (14), so that when the contact switch (6) of the switch - disconnector (4) intercepts with the tilting means (11) or with its protrusion (20), the current begins to flow through the secondary circuit (3) as well as through the main circuit (2), as shown in figure 7. The moving contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) and the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) are electrically connected through the rocker means (11) and the first stop means (14), said first stop means (14) being able to be electrically connected with the moving contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) through at least one electrically conductive means (18), as shown in Figures 22a-22b. In In this case, the first stop means (14) is made of electrically conductive material, while the lever (12) can be made of insulating material or can be insulated by another insulating material. Likewise, the possibility has been contemplated that the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) and the mobile contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) are electrically connected only through the tilting means (11), being able the rocker means (11) being electrically connected with the movable contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) through at least one electrically conductive means (18), as shown in Figures 23a-23b. On the other hand, the moving contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) and the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) are mechanically connected through the tilting means (11), the first stop means (14 ) and the lever (12), as shown in Figures 22a-22b and 23a-23b.

In a third possible embodiment of the invention, according to figure 5, in its rest position the tilting means (11) is not abutting the first stop means (14) and the tilting means (11) is electrically connected to the movable contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) through at least one electrically conductive means (18). Thus, at the moment when the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) intercepts with the tilting means (11) or with its protrusion (20), the current begins to flow through the secondary circuit (3) at the same time than by the main circuit (2), as shown in figure 8. The moving contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) and the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) are electrically connected only through the tilting means (11), as shown in Figures 24a-24b. Likewise, the moving contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) and the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) are mechanically connected through the rocker means (11) and the lever (12). The moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) continues to push the tipping means (11), making it tilt in the first direction A, until the tipping means (11) abuts a first stop means (14) that It comprises the control mechanism (10) and which can be mounted on the lever (12).

Following the opening sequence, the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) is separated from the fixed contact (5) and therefore from the main circuit (2) without producing any electric arc in the circuit and the current only now circulates through the secondary circuit (3), as shown in figures 9-11. In turn, due to the thrust of the movable contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) the tilting means (11) pushes the first stop means (14) and this in turn the lever (12). The lever (12) is attached to a fixed part (15) of the control mechanism (10) by means of a second articulation element (16), as It is shown in figures 2-27, around which the lever (12) swings due to said thrust. Since said lever (12) is also mechanically connected to the movable contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) through at least one mechanical connection point (17), the tilting of the lever (12) causes the movement of the moving contact (9), thus beginning the separation between the contacts (8) and (9) of the vacuum switch (7). The moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) continues to push the tilting means (11) until the vacuum switch (7) reaches its cut-off position, represented in figures 12-14, at which time the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) releases the rocker means (11).

Once the cut-off maneuver position has been obtained and the rocker means (11) has been released from the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4), as shown in figure 15-17, the switch can be allowed to vacuum (7) closes its contacts (8, 9), but without passage of electric current since the secondary circuit (3) remains open, and the lever (12) returns to its initial position thanks to the action of the second articulation element (16), which can be, for example, a return spring. At this time, the switch of the invention (1) is in the disconnecting operating position. The possibility has also been considered that once the disconnection maneuver position is obtained, the vacuum switch (7) does not close its contacts (8, 9), keeping them open until the closing sequence of the switch of the invention (1) .

From this point, the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) can follow its opening sequence and by intercepting said moving contact (6) the earthing contact (19) the earthing position is obtained. ground, as shown in Figures 18-20.

In the closing sequence of the circuit breaker of the invention (1) the rocker means (11) does not interfere either electrically or mechanically with the vacuum breaker (7), and therefore neither with the secondary circuit (3), due to the fact that the movable contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) can be at least partially isolated by means of insulation such as an insulating paint, an insulating cap, etc., and because the tilting means (11) can rotate in around the first articulation element (13) in a second direction (B) opposite to the direction (A) until it is released from the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) by sliding, without this having any electrical effect or mechanical on the secondary circuit (3) or on the vacuum switch (7), that is to say, during the closing sequence there is a physical separation between the tilting means (11) and the secondary circuit (3), there being no mechanical connection nor electric between the two.

In the case of the first and second embodiments of the invention, according to Figures 25 and 26, in the closing sequence the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts the first protrusion (20) and pushes to the tilting means (11) making it tilted around the first articulation element (13) in the second direction (B) opposite to the direction (A) until it is released by sliding. In the first embodiment, according to figure 25, specifically the first protrusion (20) is located in the second part (22) of the tilting means (11) and said second part (22) is the one that tilts around the first element hinge (13) in the second direction (B) until it is released by sliding.

In the case of the third embodiment of the invention, according to figure 27, in the closing sequence the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts a second protrusion (35) that comprises the first means of stop (14) and pushes the first stop means (14) making it pivot around a third articulation element (34) in the second direction (B) opposite to the direction (A) until it is released by sliding.

The switch-disconnector (4) comprises an actuating shaft (23), as shown in Figures 2-20 and 25-27, which acts on the moving contact (6) to execute both the opening sequence and the closing sequence of the switch of the invention (1) due to the action of a maneuvering mechanism not represented in the figures and which can be coupled to the casing (28) through the mechanical connection element (32) represented in the figure 1.

The possibility has been contemplated that the switch of the invention (1) may comprise a casing (24), as shown in figure 2, in which some of its elements are at least partially integrated, such as the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4), the control mechanism (10), the grounding contact (19) of the switch-disconnector (4), etc.

The switch of the invention (1) can comprise a three-phase configuration and therefore comprise part of its elements corresponding to the three phases, at least partially, incorporated inside the casing (24).

Finally, figure 28 shows an electrical equipment (27), such as a cell, comprising at least one switch of the invention (1) in an enclosure (28) immersed in a dielectric medium, at least one element electrical connection (29) and a mechanical connection element (32) accessible from outside and inside the enclosure (28), at least one cable compartment (30), a gas expansion compartment (31), as well as other electrical or electronic devices (33) for measurement, control and protection, etc.

Claims (21)

1. - Load or short-circuit current cut-off switch (1) comprising a main circuit (2) for the circulation of the electric current and a secondary circuit (3) for the circulation of the electric current in bypass, where the main circuit (2) comprises a switch-disconnector (4) provided with a fixed contact (5) and a moving contact (6), and where the secondary circuit (3) comprises a vacuum interrupter (7) which in turn comprises a contact fixed (8) and a moving contact (9), the vacuum switch (7) being actuated by the movement of the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) through a control mechanism (10), characterized by that the control mechanism (10) comprises an electrically conductive rocker means (11) connected to at least one lever (12), and because at least the rocker means (11) and the lever (12) mechanically connect the movable contact (9 ) of the vacuum switch (7) with the moving contact (6) of the switch - disconnector (4) in the sequence of opening the load break switch or short-circuit currents (1). 2. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the control mechanism (10) comprises a first stop means (14) where the tilting means (11) is not found making stop in its rest position and where the tilting means (11) stops in the opening sequence of the load break switch or short-circuit currents (1) due to the tilting of the tilting means (11) around a first articulation element (13). 3. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the control mechanism (10) comprises a first stop means (14) where the tilting means (11) is making stop in its rest position and where the tilting means (11) is not making a stop in the closing sequence of the load cut-off switch or short-circuit currents (1) due to the tilting of the tilting means (11) around a first articulation element (13). 4. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first stop means (14) is made of electrically conductive material and the lever (12) is made of insulating material or it is insulated by other insulating material. 5.- Load or short-circuit current cut-off switch (1) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first stop means (14) and the lever (12) are made of insulating material or are insulated by other insulating material. 6. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the rocker means (11) is electrically connected with the moving contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) by at least one electrical conductive medium (18). 7. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the first stop means (14) is electrically connected with the moving contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7) by means of the minus one electrically conductive medium (18). 8. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lever (12) is connected to a fixed part (15) of the control mechanism (10) by means of the except for a second articulation element (16) that allows the lever (12) to be tilted. 9. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the lever (12) comprises a mechanical connection point (17) with the mobile contact (9) of the vacuum switch (7 ). 10. - Load cut-off switch or short-circuit currents (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a grounding contact (19). 11. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the tilting means (11) comprises at least one first protrusion (20), so that in an opening sequence of the switch load break or short-circuit currents (1) the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts said first protrusion (20) and pushes the pivoting means (11) making it pivot around the first articulation element ( 13) in a first direction (A) until it comes into contact with the first stop means (14) and continues to push it until it is released when the vacuum switch (7) reaches its cut-off position, while in a switch closing sequence load or short-circuit currents (1) the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts said first protrusion (20) and pushes the pivoting means (11) making it pivot around the first articulating element (13) in a second direction (B) opposite to direction (A) until it is released by sliding. 12. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the tilting means (11) comprises at least one first protrusion (20), so that in an opening sequence of the switch cut in load or short-circuit currents (1) the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts said first protrusion (20) and pushes the tilting means (11) which is abutting the first means of stop (14) and in turn to the lever (12), releasing the rocker means (11) when the vacuum switch (7) reaches its cut-off maneuver position, while in a closing sequence of the load cut-off switch or short-circuit currents (1) the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts said first protrusion (20) and pushes the pivoting means (11) making it pivot around the first articulation element (13) in a second sense (B) opposite to a first direction (A) until it is released by sliding. 13. - Load cut-off switch or short-circuit currents (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) is partially isolated by means of isolation. 14. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that the first stop means (14) is mounted at one end of the lever (12) through a third element of articulation (34), so that in an opening sequence of the load break switch or short-circuit currents (1) the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts a first protrusion (20) in the middle tilt (11) and pushes the tilt means (11) making it tilt around the first articulation element (13) in a first direction (A) until it comes into contact with the first stop means (14) and continues to push it until it is released when the switch of vacuum (7) reaches its cut-off maneuver position, while in a sequence of closing of the load cut-off switch or short-circuit currents (1) the moving contact (6) of the switch-disconnector (4) contacts a second bulge (35) of prime r stop means (14) and pushes said first stop means (14) making it pivot around the third articulation element (34) in a second direction (B) opposite to direction (A) until it is released by sliding. 15. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the tilting means (11) comprises two pieces (21, 22), a first piece (21) that abuts the first stop means (14) in an opening sequence of the load break switch or short-circuit currents (1) and a second part (22) that swivels around the first articulation element (13) in the sequence of closing the load break switch or short-circuit currents (1). 16. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that the first piece (21) of the tilting means (11) rests on a second stop means (25), said first part (21) and said second stop means (25) by means of a flexible element (26). 17. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first articulation element (13), the second articulation element (16), the third articulation element ( 34) and the flexible element (26) comprise return springs. 18. - Cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switch-disconnector (4) comprises a drive shaft (23) that acts on the moving contact (6) switch-disconnector (4). 19. - Load cut-off switch or short-circuit currents (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a housing (24). 20. - Load cut-off switch or short-circuit currents (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a three-phase configuration. 21. - Electrical equipment (27) comprising at least one cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) as described in any of the preceding claims, which also comprises an enclosure (28) in which the cut-off switch on load or short-circuit currents (1) immersed in a dielectric medium, at least one electrical connection element (29) and one mechanical connection element (32) accessible from outside the enclosure (28), at the minus a cable compartment (30), a gas expansion compartment (31), as well as other electrical or electronic devices (33).