WO2008000987A1 - Protection against the fraudulent opening of an appliance - Google Patents

Protection against the fraudulent opening of an appliance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008000987A1
WO2008000987A1 PCT/FR2007/051414 FR2007051414W WO2008000987A1 WO 2008000987 A1 WO2008000987 A1 WO 2008000987A1 FR 2007051414 W FR2007051414 W FR 2007051414W WO 2008000987 A1 WO2008000987 A1 WO 2008000987A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
opening
outer zone
housing
protective
fastening means
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2007/051414
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Michel Dumay
Bruno De Medeiros
Original Assignee
Actaris Sas
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Actaris Sas filed Critical Actaris Sas
Publication of WO2008000987A1 publication Critical patent/WO2008000987A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
    • G01F15/007—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus comprising means to prevent fraud
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps
    • G09F3/02—Forms or constructions
    • G09F3/03—Forms or constructions of security seals
    • G09F3/0305—Forms or constructions of security seals characterised by the type of seal used
    • G09F3/0317—Forms or constructions of security seals characterised by the type of seal used having bolt like sealing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a protection device against the fraudulent opening of an apparatus of type containing one or more sensitive devices, and a method of manufacturing such a protective device.
  • volumetric meters such as water, electricity or gas meters.
  • Figures 1 to 3 show a gas meter GALLUS 2000, marketed by the Applicant, respectively in front view and partial views in section.
  • This gas meter comprises a housing 1 containing sensitive devices, including a totalizer 2 for accounting the energy consumption of a user for billing purposes.
  • the totalizer 2 comprises a portion 2 'visible from outside the housing 1 allowing authorized personnel to record the energy consumption of the user.
  • the housing 1 is formed of a first and a second part, respectively of a closure cap 3 and a support 4 (FIGS. 2 and 3), the closure cap 3 and the support being kept closed. one with respect to the other by a fastening means 5 of the screw type ( Figures 2 and 3).
  • the screw 5 is accessible from outside the housing via an opening 6 formed in the closure cap 3. More particularly, the closing cap 3 comprises a sleeve
  • said substantially cylindrical sleeve 7 having said opening 6 at its end.
  • the protective part is a plastic cap 8, clipped on the closure cap 3 so as to form a theoretically irreversible seal, the cover 11 of the cap 8 thus obstructing the opening 6 of the sleeve 7.
  • the cap 8 is thus opposite the screw 5 and covers it so as to prevent access to said screw 5.
  • the cap 8 is fixed at the level of the opening 6 by means of clipping means of the fixing lug type 9 cooperating with lugs 10 situated inside the sleeve 7.
  • the fixing lugs 9 have an end that abuts against the lugs 10, which theoretically prevents the cap 8 from being withdrawn from outside the case 1.
  • the plastic cap 8 is generally provided with a marking
  • Such a protective device is however insufficient to provide effective protection against the fraudulent opening of the volumetric meters.
  • the clipped plastic cap 8 can always be dismantled by the fraudster.
  • the cap 8 can be disassembled by damaging only a non-visible portion of said cap.
  • this cap 8 may be damaged not on the visible portion of said cap 8 where the official marking 14 is affixed, but at the fastening tabs 9, not visible from outside the housing.
  • the fraudster After disassembly of the plastic cap, the fraudster has access to the fixing means 5 and can therefore open the closing cap 3 of said counter to try to fraudulently modify the sensitive devices contained in the housing 1, including the totalizer 2.
  • the fraudster can then close the closure cap 3 and fix said cover 3 on its support 4 by the screw 5, the plastic cap 8 being repositioned, for example by gluing, so that, from outside the meter, the device protection retains its original visual appearance.
  • the protective device may be a lead rivet whose head is crushed to hold and seal the closure cap on its support.
  • An official marking may also be affixed to the rivet for the same reasons as mentioned above.
  • Such a protective device is also insufficient to provide effective protection against fraudulent opening volumetric meters.
  • the head of the rivet can be cut and then glued once fraud has been made.
  • the fraud may not be easily observed since it is not necessarily visible from outside the meter.
  • Fraud can only be demonstrated by dismounting the protection piece and / or the fastening means and observing that said protective piece and / or said fixing means have been damaged and / or repositioned by gluing.
  • these disassembly operations to note a possible fraud increase the time spent by the technician in charge of reading the meters, and are therefore expensive.
  • the invention aims at solving the problems of the prior art by proposing a device for protecting against the fraudulent opening of an apparatus, for example of the volumetric meter type, allowing authorized personnel to detect by simple visualization from the outside. of the device that fraud has occurred at said device or, conversely, that the protective device has not been violated.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for protecting against the fraudulent opening of a housing of an appliance comprising a first and a second part kept closed relative to one another by a fixing means accessible from the outside of the housing via an opening in the first part, the protection device being of the type comprising a protective part held at the opening facing the fixing means so as to prevent access to the means fixing device, characterized in that the protective part comprises an element made of a material having a melting point substantially identical to the melting point of an external zone of the first part surrounding said opening, said element being maintained at said zone external by sealing resulting from a hot deformation of said element and said outer zone, so as to completely cover said opening.
  • the device is impossible to open without affecting the integrity of the housing because the fraudster must necessarily deteriorate the housing as such to access the fastening means and thus open the housing.
  • the protection device according to the invention is thus highly deterrent to the fraudster since the authorized personnel, especially at the time of a meter reading, can immediately see from the outside of the case if the protective device has been the object or no violation.
  • the seal by hot deformation performs a hermetic seal, which protects the fastening means against the weather, and therefore reduce any natural degradation, including oxidation, the fastener.
  • the material of the element and the material of the outer zone may be thermoplastic materials.
  • the material of the element and the material of the outer zone are the same thermoplastic material.
  • the protection piece comprises clipping means.
  • the device comprises a marking affixed to said element.
  • the housing is a volumetric meter housing.
  • the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a device for protecting against the fraudulent opening of a housing of an appliance comprising a first and a second part, kept closed relative to one another by means fixation, accessible from outside the housing via an opening in the first part, the protective device being of the type comprising a protective part intended to be maintained at the opening facing the fixing means so as to preventing access to the fastening means, the method being characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps of: positioning of said protective piece at the opening opposite the fastening means, the protection piece comprising a element made of a material having a melting point substantially identical to the melting point of an outer zone of the first portion surrounding said opening, and sealing said element at said outer zone by hot deformation of said element and said outer zone, so as to completely cover said opening.
  • the hot deformation step is to melt without adding material to the element and the outer zone.
  • the hot deformation step is to melt with material supply the element and the outer zone.
  • the method may further comprise a step of marking the element, the marking step may be prior to or subsequent to the sealing step.
  • the method may further comprise a step of shaping the protective part.
  • FIG. 1 represents a front view of the GALLUS 2000 gas meter, comprising a protection device according to the prior art
  • Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the gas meter according to the plane A-A of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows an enlargement of the protective device of Figure 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows a detailed sectional view of a protection device according to a possible embodiment according to the invention.
  • Figures 1 to 3 have already been described above, and for ease of understanding, the common elements between the present invention and the prior art bear the same references.
  • the invention consists in securing the protection device of the prior art shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • the method according to the invention first comprises a step of positioning the protective part 8 or cap at the opening 6 facing the fixing means 5 so as to prevent access to said fastening means 5 At the end of this positioning step, we end up with a protection device such as that of the GALLUS 2000 shown in FIG.
  • the cover 11 of the cap 8 comprises a peripheral edge 12.
  • the materials of the cap and of the outer zone of the closure cap surrounding the opening are chosen such that they have a substantially identical melting point.
  • the external zone surrounding the opening 6 corresponds to the end face 13 of the sleeve 7.
  • the surface of the lid 11 of the cap 8 is substantially aligned with the end face 13 of the sleeve 7.
  • the step of positioning the cap 8 is followed by a sealing step resulting from a heat deformation of the lid 11 of the cap 8 and the outer zone, so as to completely cover said opening 6.
  • the protective part 8 shown in FIG. 4 is then obtained.
  • the surface of said protective part 8 is substantially homogeneous and the cover 11 together with the sleeve 7 form only one and only one protective part 8. Access to the fastening means 5 is therefore condemned by the cover
  • the protection device according to the invention is therefore a highly deterrent device for the fraudster because, to have access to the fixing means, the fraudster must deteriorate the protective part 8, the deterioration is now easily identifiable visually from the outside. of the case.
  • the materials of the cap and the outer zone of the closure cap surrounding the opening may be the same thermoplastic material of the ABS polymer type (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene).
  • the hot deformation step may consist of melting without adding material the peripheral edge 12 and the outer zone, here said end face 13 of the sleeve, by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • This type of hot deformation makes it possible advantageously to obtain a protective part 8 of uniform surface.
  • the cast iron without adding material is of the ultrasonic welding type, fusion by contact or blowing hot air.
  • the bouterollage is preferably used.
  • the shape of the metal rivet makes it possible to transmit heat optimally to the cap 8 and to the end face 13 of the sleeve 7 to be sealed.
  • the bouterollage is to merge by contact the peripheral edge
  • thermoplastics of said peripheral edge 12 and of said end face 13 are folded over one another with the aid of the rivet so as to promote fusion and to unify the surface of the protective part 8 thus formed.
  • the hot deformation step may also consist of melting with material supply said peripheral edge 12 and said end face 13, by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the cast iron with material input is of the thermoplastic welding type.
  • the method according to the invention may further comprise a marking step of affixing a marking 14 on the element 11.
  • Said marking step may be performed before or after the hot deformation step, by molding, marking laser or by any other method of marking well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the hot deformation by snapping advantageously allows to melt only the peripheral edge 12 of the cover 11 to avoid damaging the marking 14, the snap machined specifically in this case.
  • the hot deformation step according to the invention can be followed by a step of shaping the protective part 8.
  • the shaping of the protective part 8 is carried out using a suitable tool such as a mold of shape applied to the protective part 8 deformed hot.
  • a suitable tool such as a mold of shape applied to the protective part 8 deformed hot.
  • the protective piece thus obtained has a symmetrical and rounded shape, maintaining a pleasant general aesthetic.
  • the embodiment described above has the advantage of being able to use and keep the constituent parts of a known protection device, by increasing the deterrent nature of said protection device.
  • the clipping means of the protective part make it easier to position said protective part before the heat deformation step.
  • the protective part comprises an element made of a material having a melting point substantially identical to the melting point of the external zone 13 of the first part 3 surrounding the opening 6.
  • Said element may be any type of element that obstructs or covers said opening 6.
  • said element may simply be a disc (not shown) of sufficiently large diameter to completely cover the opening 6, which is sealed by heat deformation on the housing.
  • the present invention is not limited to the examples of the protection device which have just been described and relates in general to all the protection devices that can be envisaged from the general indications provided in the description of the invention.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for protecting against the fraudulent opening of a housing of an appliance comprising first and second parts maintained closed with respect to one another by a fastening means which is accessible from outside the housing via an opening made in the first part, the protective device being of the type comprising a protective part maintained at the level of the opening opposite the fastening means so as to prevent access to the fastening means, characterized in that the protective part comprises an element made of a material having a melting point which is substantially identical to the melting point of an external region of the first part surrounding said opening, said element being maintained at the level of said external region by a sealing resulting from a hot deformation of said element and said external region, so as to cover the whole of said opening.

Description

Protection contre l'ouverture frauduleuse d'un appareil Protection against the fraudulent opening of a device
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de protection contre l'ouverture frauduleuse d'un appareil de type contenant un ou plusieurs dispositifs à caractère sensible, ainsi qu'un procédé de fabrication d'un tel dispositif de protection.The present invention relates to a protection device against the fraudulent opening of an apparatus of type containing one or more sensitive devices, and a method of manufacturing such a protective device.
Elle s'applique typiquement, mais non exclusivement, aux compteurs volumétriques, tels que les compteurs d'eau, d'électricité ou de gaz.It typically, but not exclusively, applies to volumetric meters, such as water, electricity or gas meters.
Il est connu d'équiper un compteur volumétrique d'un dispositif de protection contre l'ouverture frauduleuse dudit compteur. Les figures 1 à 3 représentent un compteur de gaz GALLUS 2000, commercialisé par la Demanderesse, respectivement en vue de face et vues partielles en coupe.It is known to equip a volumetric meter with a protection device against the fraudulent opening of said counter. Figures 1 to 3 show a gas meter GALLUS 2000, marketed by the Applicant, respectively in front view and partial views in section.
Ce compteur de gaz comporte un boîtier 1 renfermant des dispositifs à caractère sensible, notamment un totalisateur 2 destiné à comptabiliser la consommation d'énergie d'un utilisateur à des fins de facturation.This gas meter comprises a housing 1 containing sensitive devices, including a totalizer 2 for accounting the energy consumption of a user for billing purposes.
Le totalisateur 2 comporte une partie 2' visible depuis l'extérieur du boîtier 1 permettant à un personnel autorisé de relever la consommation d'énergie de l'utilisateur.The totalizer 2 comprises a portion 2 'visible from outside the housing 1 allowing authorized personnel to record the energy consumption of the user.
Le boîtier 1 est formé d'une première et d'une deuxième parties, respectivement d'un capot 3 de fermeture et d'un support 4 (figures 2 et 3), le capot 3 de fermeture et le support étant maintenus fermés l'un par rapport à l'autre par un moyen de fixation 5 du type vis (figures 2 et 3).The housing 1 is formed of a first and a second part, respectively of a closure cap 3 and a support 4 (FIGS. 2 and 3), the closure cap 3 and the support being kept closed. one with respect to the other by a fastening means 5 of the screw type (Figures 2 and 3).
La vis 5 est accessible depuis l'extérieur du boîtier via une ouverture 6 pratiquée dans le capot 3 de fermeture. Plus particulièrement, le capot 3 de fermeture comprend un manchonThe screw 5 is accessible from outside the housing via an opening 6 formed in the closure cap 3. More particularly, the closing cap 3 comprises a sleeve
7, ledit manchon 7 de forme sensiblement cylindrique comportant ladite ouverture 6 à son extrémité.7, said substantially cylindrical sleeve 7 having said opening 6 at its end.
Le manchon 7, solidaire du capot 3 de fermeture, entoure latéralement la tête de la vis, la tête de la vis restant accessible de face pour permettre son dévissage. Ceci étant, l'accès à la vis 5 est protégé par un dispositif de protection comportant une pièce de protection.The sleeve 7, integral with the closure cap 3, laterally surrounds the head of the screw, the head of the screw remaining accessible from the front to allow its unscrewing. This being the case, the access to the screw 5 is protected by a protection device comprising a protection piece.
La pièce de protection est un capuchon 8 en plastique, clipsé sur le capot 3 de fermeture de manière à former un scellement théoriquement irréversible, le couvercle 11 du capuchon 8 obstruant ainsi l'ouverture 6 du manchon 7.The protective part is a plastic cap 8, clipped on the closure cap 3 so as to form a theoretically irreversible seal, the cover 11 of the cap 8 thus obstructing the opening 6 of the sleeve 7.
Le capuchon 8 est ainsi en regard de la vis 5 et la recouvre de façon à empêcher l'accès à ladite vis 5.The cap 8 is thus opposite the screw 5 and covers it so as to prevent access to said screw 5.
Le capuchon 8 est fixé au niveau de l'ouverture 6 grâce à des moyens de clipsage du type pattes de fixation 9 coopérant avec des ergots 10 situés à l'intérieur du manchon 7.The cap 8 is fixed at the level of the opening 6 by means of clipping means of the fixing lug type 9 cooperating with lugs 10 situated inside the sleeve 7.
Les pattes de fixation 9 présentent une extrémité qui vient en butée contre les ergots 10, ce qui permet théoriquement d'éviter le retrait du capuchon 8 depuis l'extérieur du boîtier 1. Le capuchon 8 en plastique est généralement pourvu d'un marquageThe fixing lugs 9 have an end that abuts against the lugs 10, which theoretically prevents the cap 8 from being withdrawn from outside the case 1. The plastic cap 8 is generally provided with a marking
14 officiel suivant des normes européennes et internationales, permettant non seulement de certifier que le compteur est bien protégé, mais aussi de localiser le moyen de fixation.14 official according to European and international standards, not only to certify that the meter is well protected, but also to locate the means of attachment.
Un tel dispositif de protection s'avère cependant insuffisant pour assurer une protection efficace contre l'ouverture frauduleuse des compteurs volumétriques.Such a protective device is however insufficient to provide effective protection against the fraudulent opening of the volumetric meters.
En effet, le capuchon 8 en plastique clipsé peut toujours être démonté par le fraudeur.Indeed, the clipped plastic cap 8 can always be dismantled by the fraudster.
Bien entendu, un tel démontage frauduleux ne peut pas s'effectuer sans endommager le capuchon 8.Of course, such fraudulent disassembly can not take place without damaging the cap 8.
Néanmoins, le capuchon 8 peut être démonté en endommageant uniquement une partie non visible dudit capuchon.Nevertheless, the cap 8 can be disassembled by damaging only a non-visible portion of said cap.
Plus particulièrement, ce capuchon 8 peut être endommagé non pas sur la partie visible dudit capuchon 8 où le marquage 14 officiel est apposé, mais au niveau des pattes de fixation 9, non visibles depuis l'extérieur du boîtier. Après démontage du capuchon en plastique, le fraudeur a accès au moyen de fixation 5 et peut donc ouvrir le capot 3 de fermeture dudit compteur pour tenter de modifier frauduleusement les dispositifs à caractère sensible renfermés dans le boîtier 1 , notamment le totalisateur 2. Le fraudeur peut alors refermer le capot 3 de fermeture et fixer ledit capot 3 sur son support 4 par la vis 5, le capuchon 8 en plastique étant repositionné, par exemple par collage, de façon à ce que, depuis l'extérieur du compteur, le dispositif de protection garde son aspect visuel d'origine.More particularly, this cap 8 may be damaged not on the visible portion of said cap 8 where the official marking 14 is affixed, but at the fastening tabs 9, not visible from outside the housing. After disassembly of the plastic cap, the fraudster has access to the fixing means 5 and can therefore open the closing cap 3 of said counter to try to fraudulently modify the sensitive devices contained in the housing 1, including the totalizer 2. The fraudster can then close the closure cap 3 and fix said cover 3 on its support 4 by the screw 5, the plastic cap 8 being repositioned, for example by gluing, so that, from outside the meter, the device protection retains its original visual appearance.
Dans d'autres compteurs volumétriques connus, le dispositif de protection peut être un rivet en plomb dont la tête est écrasée pour maintenir et sceller le capot de fermeture sur son support.In other known volumetric meters, the protective device may be a lead rivet whose head is crushed to hold and seal the closure cap on its support.
Un marquage officiel peut également être apposé sur le rivet pour les mêmes raisons que citées précédemment.An official marking may also be affixed to the rivet for the same reasons as mentioned above.
Un tel dispositif de protection s'avère également insuffisant pour assurer une protection efficace contre toute ouverture frauduleuse des compteurs volumétriques.Such a protective device is also insufficient to provide effective protection against fraudulent opening volumetric meters.
En effet, il reste possible de démonter le rivet en endommageant uniquement une partie non visible dudit rivet.Indeed, it remains possible to disassemble the rivet by damaging only a non-visible portion of said rivet.
La tête du rivet peut ainsi être découpée puis recollée une fois la fraude effectuée.The head of the rivet can be cut and then glued once fraud has been made.
Là encore, il est possible de recoller la tête du rivet de façon à ce que, depuis l'extérieur du compteur, le dispositif de protection garde son aspect visuel d'origine.Again, it is possible to glue the head of the rivet so that, from outside the meter, the protective device retains its original visual appearance.
Ainsi, lors de l'intervention d'un personnel autorisé, par exemple lors des relevés de compteurs, la fraude peut ne pas être constatée facilement puisqu'elle n'est pas forcément visible depuis l'extérieur du compteur.Thus, during the intervention of authorized personnel, for example during meter readings, the fraud may not be easily observed since it is not necessarily visible from outside the meter.
La fraude peut être seulement démontrée en démontant la pièce de protection et/ou le moyen de fixation et en constatant que ladite pièce de protection et/ou ledit moyen de fixation ont été endommagés et/ou repositionnés par collage. Cependant, ces interventions de démontage pour constater une fraude éventuelle viennent augmenter le temps passé du technicien en charge de relever les compteurs, et sont donc coûteuses.Fraud can only be demonstrated by dismounting the protection piece and / or the fastening means and observing that said protective piece and / or said fixing means have been damaged and / or repositioned by gluing. However, these disassembly operations to note a possible fraud increase the time spent by the technician in charge of reading the meters, and are therefore expensive.
L'invention vise à résoudre les problèmes de l'art antérieur en proposant un dispositif de protection contre l'ouverture frauduleuse d'un appareil, par exemple de type compteur volumétrique, permettant à un personnel autorisé de détecter par simple visualisation depuis l'extérieur de l'appareil qu'une fraude est intervenue au niveau dudit appareil ou, au contraire, que le dispositif de protection n'a pas été violé. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un dispositif de protection contre l'ouverture frauduleuse d'un boîtier d'un appareil comprenant une première et une deuxième parties maintenues fermées l'une par rapport à l'autre par un moyen de fixation accessible depuis l'extérieur du boîtier via une ouverture pratiquée dans la première partie, le dispositif de protection étant du type comportant une pièce de protection maintenue au niveau de l'ouverture en regard du moyen de fixation de façon à empêcher l'accès au moyen de fixation, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de protection comporte un élément en un matériau présentant un point de fusion sensiblement identique au point de fusion d'une zone externe de la première partie entourant ladite ouverture, ledit élément étant maintenu au niveau de ladite zone externe par un scellement résultant d'une déformation à chaud dudit élément et de ladite zone externe, de façon à recouvrir intégralement ladite ouverture.The invention aims at solving the problems of the prior art by proposing a device for protecting against the fraudulent opening of an apparatus, for example of the volumetric meter type, allowing authorized personnel to detect by simple visualization from the outside. of the device that fraud has occurred at said device or, conversely, that the protective device has not been violated. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a device for protecting against the fraudulent opening of a housing of an appliance comprising a first and a second part kept closed relative to one another by a fixing means accessible from the outside of the housing via an opening in the first part, the protection device being of the type comprising a protective part held at the opening facing the fixing means so as to prevent access to the means fixing device, characterized in that the protective part comprises an element made of a material having a melting point substantially identical to the melting point of an external zone of the first part surrounding said opening, said element being maintained at said zone external by sealing resulting from a hot deformation of said element and said outer zone, so as to completely cover said opening.
Grâce à l'invention, l'appareil est impossible à ouvrir sans toucher à l'intégrité du boîtier car le fraudeur doit obligatoirement détériorer le boîtier en tant que tel pour pouvoir accéder au moyen de fixation et ouvrir ainsi le boîtier.Thanks to the invention, the device is impossible to open without affecting the integrity of the housing because the fraudster must necessarily deteriorate the housing as such to access the fastening means and thus open the housing.
Le dispositif de protection selon l'invention est ainsi hautement dissuasif pour le fraudeur puisque le personnel autorisé, au moment notamment d'un relevé de compteur, peut immédiatement constater depuis l'extérieur du boîtier si le dispositif de protection a fait l'objet ou non d'une violation. De plus, le scellement par déformation à chaud réalise une fermeture hermétique, ce qui permet de protéger le moyen de fixation contre les intempéries, et par suite, de réduire toute dégradation naturelle, notamment oxydation, du moyen de fixation. Le matériau de l'élément et le matériau de la zone externe peuvent être des matériaux thermoplastiques.The protection device according to the invention is thus highly deterrent to the fraudster since the authorized personnel, especially at the time of a meter reading, can immediately see from the outside of the case if the protective device has been the object or no violation. In addition, the seal by hot deformation performs a hermetic seal, which protects the fastening means against the weather, and therefore reduce any natural degradation, including oxidation, the fastener. The material of the element and the material of the outer zone may be thermoplastic materials.
Dans un exemple particulièrement avantageux, le matériau de l'élément et le matériau de la zone externe sont un même matériau thermoplastique. Dans un mode de réalisation, la pièce de protection comporte des moyens de clipsage.In a particularly advantageous example, the material of the element and the material of the outer zone are the same thermoplastic material. In one embodiment, the protection piece comprises clipping means.
Selon une caractéristique avantageuse, le dispositif comporte un marquage apposé sur ledit élément.According to an advantageous characteristic, the device comprises a marking affixed to said element.
Dans un exemple particulier, le boîtier est un boîtier de compteur volumétrique.In a particular example, the housing is a volumetric meter housing.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de protection contre l'ouverture frauduleuse d'un boîtier d'un appareil comprenant une première et une deuxième parties, maintenues fermées l'une par rapport à l'autre par un moyen de fixation, accessible depuis l'extérieur du boîtier via une ouverture pratiquée dans la première partie, le dispositif de protection étant du type comportant une pièce de protection destinée à être maintenue au niveau de l'ouverture en regard du moyen de fixation de façon à empêcher l'accès au moyen de fixation, le procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes successives suivantes de : positionnement de ladite pièce de protection au niveau de l'ouverture en regard du moyen de fixation, la pièce de protection comportant un élément en un matériau présentant un point de fusion sensiblement identique au point de fusion d'une zone externe de la première partie entourant ladite ouverture, et scellement dudit élément au niveau de ladite zone externe par une déformation à chaud dudit élément et de ladite zone externe, de façon à recouvrir intégralement ladite ouverture.The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a device for protecting against the fraudulent opening of a housing of an appliance comprising a first and a second part, kept closed relative to one another by means fixation, accessible from outside the housing via an opening in the first part, the protective device being of the type comprising a protective part intended to be maintained at the opening facing the fixing means so as to preventing access to the fastening means, the method being characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps of: positioning of said protective piece at the opening opposite the fastening means, the protection piece comprising a element made of a material having a melting point substantially identical to the melting point of an outer zone of the first portion surrounding said opening, and sealing said element at said outer zone by hot deformation of said element and said outer zone, so as to completely cover said opening.
Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, l'étape de déformation à chaud consiste à faire fondre sans apport de matière l'élément et la zone externe.In a particular embodiment, the hot deformation step is to melt without adding material to the element and the outer zone.
Alternativement, l'étape de déformation à chaud consiste à faire fondre avec apport de matière l'élément et la zone externe.Alternatively, the hot deformation step is to melt with material supply the element and the outer zone.
Le procédé peut comprendre en outre une étape de marquage de l'élément, l'étape de marquage pouvant être préalable ou postérieure à l'étape de scellement.The method may further comprise a step of marking the element, the marking step may be prior to or subsequent to the sealing step.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le procédé peut comprendre en outre une étape de mise en forme de la pièce de protection.According to another characteristic of the invention, the method may further comprise a step of shaping the protective part.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lumière de la description d'un exemple non limitatif d'un dispositif de protection selon l'invention fait en référence aux figures annotées, dans lesquelles :Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear in the light of the description of a non-limiting example of a protection device according to the invention with reference to the annotated figures, in which:
la figure 1 représente une vue de face du compteur de gaz GALLUS 2000, comprenant un dispositif de protection selon l'art antérieur ;FIG. 1 represents a front view of the GALLUS 2000 gas meter, comprising a protection device according to the prior art;
la figure 2 représente une vue en coupe du compteur de gaz selon le plan A-A de la figure 1 ;Figure 2 shows a sectional view of the gas meter according to the plane A-A of Figure 1;
la figure 3 représente un agrandissement du dispositif de protection de la figure 2 ; etFigure 3 shows an enlargement of the protective device of Figure 2; and
- la figure 4 représente une vue en coupe détaillée d'un dispositif de protection selon un mode de réalisation possible conforme à l'invention. Les figures 1 à 3 ont déjà été décrites précédemment, et pour faciliter la compréhension, les éléments communs entre la présente invention et l'art antérieur portent les mêmes références.- Figure 4 shows a detailed sectional view of a protection device according to a possible embodiment according to the invention. Figures 1 to 3 have already been described above, and for ease of understanding, the common elements between the present invention and the prior art bear the same references.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, l'invention consiste à sécuriser le dispositif de protection de l'art antérieur représenté sur les figures 1 à 3.In a preferred embodiment, the invention consists in securing the protection device of the prior art shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
Le procédé conformément à l'invention comprend tout d'abord une étape de positionnement de la pièce de protection 8 ou capuchon au niveau de l'ouverture 6 en regard du moyen de fixation 5 de façon à empêcher l'accès audit moyen de fixation 5. A l'issu de cette étape de positionnement, on se retrouve avec un dispositif de protection tel que celui du GALLUS 2000 représenté sur la figure 3.The method according to the invention first comprises a step of positioning the protective part 8 or cap at the opening 6 facing the fixing means 5 so as to prevent access to said fastening means 5 At the end of this positioning step, we end up with a protection device such as that of the GALLUS 2000 shown in FIG.
Comme on peut le voir sur cette figure 3, le couvercle 11 du capuchon 8 comprend un bord périphérique 12. Selon une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, les matériaux du capuchon et de la zone externe du capot de fermeture entourant l'ouverture sont choisis de telle sorte qu'ils présentent un point de fusion sensiblement identique.As can be seen in this FIG. 3, the cover 11 of the cap 8 comprises a peripheral edge 12. According to an essential characteristic of the invention, the materials of the cap and of the outer zone of the closure cap surrounding the opening are chosen such that they have a substantially identical melting point.
Dans l'exemple décrit, la zone externe entourant l'ouverture 6 correspond à la face d'extrémité 13 du manchon 7.In the example described, the external zone surrounding the opening 6 corresponds to the end face 13 of the sleeve 7.
La surface du couvercle 11 du capuchon 8 est sensiblement alignée avec la face d'extrémité 13 du manchon 7.The surface of the lid 11 of the cap 8 is substantially aligned with the end face 13 of the sleeve 7.
L'étape de positionnement du capuchon 8 est suivie d'une étape de scellement résultant d'une déformation à chaud du couvercle 11 du capuchon 8 et de la zone externe, de façon à recouvrir intégralement ladite ouverture 6.The step of positioning the cap 8 is followed by a sealing step resulting from a heat deformation of the lid 11 of the cap 8 and the outer zone, so as to completely cover said opening 6.
A la fin de l'étape de scellement, on obtient alors la pièce de protection 8 représenté sur la figure 4.At the end of the sealing step, the protective part 8 shown in FIG. 4 is then obtained.
La surface de ladite pièce de protection 8 est sensiblement homogène et le couvercle 11 ensemble avec le manchon 7 ne forment plus qu'une seule et unique pièce de protection 8. L'accès au moyen de fixation 5 est donc condamné par le couvercleThe surface of said protective part 8 is substantially homogeneous and the cover 11 together with the sleeve 7 form only one and only one protective part 8. Access to the fastening means 5 is therefore condemned by the cover
11 de la pièce de protection 8 recouvrant intégralement l'ouverture 6.11 of the protective part 8 completely covering the opening 6.
Le dispositif de protection conformément à l'invention est donc un dispositif hautement dissuasif pour le fraudeur puisque, pour avoir accès au moyen de fixation, le fraudeur doit détériorer la pièce de protection 8, la détérioration étant à présent facilement identifiable visuellement depuis l'extérieur du boîtier.The protection device according to the invention is therefore a highly deterrent device for the fraudster because, to have access to the fixing means, the fraudster must deteriorate the protective part 8, the deterioration is now easily identifiable visually from the outside. of the case.
Selon une caractéristique particulièrement avantageuse, les matériaux du capuchon et de la zone externe du capot de fermeture entourant l'ouverture peuvent être un même matériau thermoplastique du type polymère d'ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiène Styrène).According to a particularly advantageous characteristic, the materials of the cap and the outer zone of the closure cap surrounding the opening may be the same thermoplastic material of the ABS polymer type (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene).
L'étape de déformation à chaud peut consister à faire fondre sans apport de matière le bord périphérique 12 et la zone externe, ici ladite face d'extrémité 13 du manchon, par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métier.The hot deformation step may consist of melting without adding material the peripheral edge 12 and the outer zone, here said end face 13 of the sleeve, by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
Ce type de déformation à chaud permet d'obtenir avantageusement une pièce de protection 8 de surface uniforme.This type of hot deformation makes it possible advantageously to obtain a protective part 8 of uniform surface.
Par exemple, la fonte sans apport de matière est du type soudure ultrason, fusion par contact ou soufflage d'air chaud. Dans le cas de la fusion par contact, on utilise de préférence le bouterollage.For example, the cast iron without adding material is of the ultrasonic welding type, fusion by contact or blowing hot air. In the case of contact melting, the bouterollage is preferably used.
De cette façon, il n'est pas possible de distinguer le bord périphérique 12 du couvercle 11 et la face d'extrémité 13 du manchon 7 après l'étape de déformation à chaud. Pour se faire, on utilise une bouterolle en métal, dont la température est régulée précisément.In this way, it is not possible to distinguish the peripheral edge 12 of the cover 11 and the end face 13 of the sleeve 7 after the hot deformation step. To do this, we use a metal snap, whose temperature is precisely regulated.
La forme de la bouterolle en métal permet de transmettre la chaleur de façon optimale au capuchon 8 et à la face d'extrémité 13 du manchon 7 à sceller. Le bouterollage consiste à fusionner par contact le bord périphériqueThe shape of the metal rivet makes it possible to transmit heat optimally to the cap 8 and to the end face 13 of the sleeve 7 to be sealed. The bouterollage is to merge by contact the peripheral edge
12 du couvercle 11 et la face d'extrémité 13 du manchon 7 en les chauffant localement, jusqu'à atteindre la température de fusion de la matière dudit bord périphérique 12 et de ladite face d'extrémité 13.12 of the cover 11 and the end face 13 of the sleeve 7 by heating them locally, until reaching the melting temperature of the material of said peripheral edge 12 and said end face 13.
Une fois la température de fusion atteinte, les matières thermoplastiques dudit bord périphérique 12 et de ladite face d'extrémité 13 sont rabattues l'une sur l'autre à l'aide de la bouterolle de façon à favoriser la fusion et à unifier la surface de la pièce de protection 8 ainsi formée.Once the melting temperature is reached, the thermoplastics of said peripheral edge 12 and of said end face 13 are folded over one another with the aid of the rivet so as to promote fusion and to unify the surface of the protective part 8 thus formed.
Alternativement, l'étape de déformation à chaud peut également consister à faire fondre avec apport de matière ledit bord périphérique 12 et ladite face d'extrémité 13, par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métier.Alternatively, the hot deformation step may also consist of melting with material supply said peripheral edge 12 and said end face 13, by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
Par exemple, la fonte avec apport de matière est du type soudure thermoplastique.For example, the cast iron with material input is of the thermoplastic welding type.
Le procédé conforme à l'invention peut comporter en outre une étape de marquage consistant à apposer un marquage 14 sur l'élément 11. Ladite étape de marquage peut être réalisée préalablement ou postérieurement à l'étape de déformation à chaud, par moulage, marquage laser ou par tout autre procédé de marquage bien connu de l'homme du métier.The method according to the invention may further comprise a marking step of affixing a marking 14 on the element 11. Said marking step may be performed before or after the hot deformation step, by molding, marking laser or by any other method of marking well known to those skilled in the art.
Plus particulièrement, lorsque l'étape de marquage est réalisée avant l'étape de déformation à chaud, la déformation à chaud par bouterollage permet avantageusement de faire fondre uniquement le bord périphérique 12 du couvercle 11 pour ne pas endommager le marquage 14, la bouterolle étant usinée spécifiquement dans ce cas.More particularly, when the marking step is carried out before the hot deformation step, the hot deformation by snapping advantageously allows to melt only the peripheral edge 12 of the cover 11 to avoid damaging the marking 14, the snap machined specifically in this case.
Par ailleurs, l'étape de déformation à chaud conformément à l'invention peut être suivie d'une étape de mise en forme de la pièce de protection 8.Moreover, the hot deformation step according to the invention can be followed by a step of shaping the protective part 8.
La mise en forme de la pièce de protection 8 est réalisée à l'aide d'un outillage adapté tel qu'un moule de forme appliqué sur la pièce de protection 8 déformée à chaud. La pièce de protection ainsi obtenue présente une forme symétrique et arrondie, conservant un esthétisme général agréable. Le mode de réalisation décrit précédemment présente l'avantage de pouvoir utiliser et garder les pièces constitutives d'un dispositif de protection connu, en augmentant le caractère dissuasif dudit dispositif de protection.The shaping of the protective part 8 is carried out using a suitable tool such as a mold of shape applied to the protective part 8 deformed hot. The protective piece thus obtained has a symmetrical and rounded shape, maintaining a pleasant general aesthetic. The embodiment described above has the advantage of being able to use and keep the constituent parts of a known protection device, by increasing the deterrent nature of said protection device.
De plus, les moyens de clipsage de la pièce de protection permettent de faciliter le positionnement de ladite pièce de protection avant l'étape de déformation à chaud.In addition, the clipping means of the protective part make it easier to position said protective part before the heat deformation step.
Néanmoins, d'autres modes de réalisation sont tout à fait envisageables sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Nevertheless, other embodiments are entirely conceivable without departing from the scope of the invention.
En effet, il suffit que la pièce de protection comporte un élément en un matériau présentant un point de fusion sensiblement identique au point de fusion de la zone externe 13 de la première partie 3 entourant l'ouverture 6.Indeed, it suffices that the protective part comprises an element made of a material having a melting point substantially identical to the melting point of the external zone 13 of the first part 3 surrounding the opening 6.
Ledit élément peut être tout type d'élément rapporté obstruant ou recouvrant ladite ouverture 6.Said element may be any type of element that obstructs or covers said opening 6.
Par exemple, ledit élément peut être simplement un disque (non représenté), de diamètre suffisamment grand pour recouvrir intégralement l'ouverture 6, que l'on vient sceller par déformation à chaud sur le boîtier.For example, said element may simply be a disc (not shown) of sufficiently large diameter to completely cover the opening 6, which is sealed by heat deformation on the housing.
La présente invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples du dispositif de protection qui viennent d'être décrits et porte dans sa généralité sur tous les dispositifs de protection envisageables à partir des indications générales fournies dans l'exposé de l'invention. The present invention is not limited to the examples of the protection device which have just been described and relates in general to all the protection devices that can be envisaged from the general indications provided in the description of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de protection contre l'ouverture frauduleuse d'un boîtier (1 ) d'un appareil comprenant une première et une deuxième (3,4) parties maintenues fermées l'une par rapport à l'autre par un moyen de fixation (5) accessible depuis l'extérieur du boîtier (1 ) via une ouverture (6) pratiquée dans la première partie (3), le dispositif de protection étant du type comportant une pièce de protection (8) maintenue au niveau de l'ouverture (6) en regard du moyen de fixation (5) de façon à empêcher l'accès au moyen de fixation (5), caractérisé en ce que la pièce de protection (8) comporte un élément (11 ) en un matériau présentant un point de fusion sensiblement identique au point de fusion d'une zone externe (13) de la première partie (3) entourant ladite ouverture (6), ledit élément (11 ) étant maintenu au niveau de ladite zone externe (13) par un scellement résultant d'une déformation à chaud dudit élément (11) et de ladite zone externe (13), de façon à recouvrir intégralement ladite ouverture (6).1. Protective device against the fraudulent opening of a housing (1) of an apparatus comprising first and second (3,4) parts kept closed relative to one another by a fixing means ( 5) accessible from the outside of the housing (1) via an opening (6) made in the first part (3), the protection device being of the type comprising a protective part (8) held at the opening ( 6) opposite the fastening means (5) so as to prevent access to the fastening means (5), characterized in that the protective piece (8) comprises an element (11) made of a material having a point of melting substantially identical to the melting point of an outer zone (13) of the first portion (3) surrounding said opening (6), said element (11) being held at said outer zone (13) by a sealing resulting from a hot deformation of said element (11) and said external zone (13), so to completely cover said opening (6).
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le matériau de l'élément (11 ) et le matériau de la zone externe (13) sont des matériaux thermoplastiques. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the element (11) and the material of the outer zone (13) are thermoplastic materials.
3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de l'élément (11 ) et le matériau de la zone externe (13) sont un même matériau thermoplastique.3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the material of the element (11) and the material of the outer zone (13) are the same thermoplastic material.
4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la pièce de protection (8) comporte des moyens de clipsage (9).4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the protective part (8) comprises clipping means (9).
5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comporte un marquage (14) apposé sur ledit élément (11 ).5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the device comprises a marking (14) affixed to said element (11).
6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier (1) est un boîtier de compteur volumétrique. 6. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the housing (1) is a volumetric meter housing.
7. Procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de protection contre l'ouverture frauduleuse d'un boîtier (1 ) d'un appareil comprenant une première et une deuxième (3,4) parties, maintenues fermées l'une par rapport à l'autre par un moyen de fixation (5) accessible depuis l'extérieur du boîtier (1 ) via une ouverture (6) pratiquée dans la première partie (3), le dispositif de protection étant du type comportant une pièce de protection (8) destinée à être maintenue au niveau de l'ouverture (6) en regard du moyen de fixation (5) de façon à empêcher l'accès au moyen de fixation (5), le procédé étant caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes successives suivantes de :7. A method of manufacturing a protection device against the fraudulent opening of a housing (1) of an apparatus comprising a first and a second (3,4) parts, kept closed with respect to the other by a fixing means (5) accessible from the outside of the housing (1) via an opening (6) made in the first part (3), the protection device being of the type comprising a protection part (8) intended to be held at the opening (6) facing the fastening means (5) so as to prevent access to the fastening means (5), the method being characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps from:
- positionnement de ladite pièce de protection (8) au niveau de l'ouverture (6) en regard du moyen de fixation (5), la pièce de protection (8) comportant un élément (11 ) en un matériau présentant un point de fusion sensiblement identique au point de fusion d'une zone externe (13) de la première partie (3) entourant ladite ouverturepositioning said protective piece (8) at the opening (6) facing the fastening means (5), the protective piece (8) comprising a member (11) made of a material having a melting point substantially identical to the melting point of an outer zone (13) of the first portion (3) surrounding said opening
(6), et(6), and
- scellement dudit élément (11) au niveau de ladite zone externe (13) par une déformation à chaud dudit élément (11 ) et de ladite zone externe (13), de façon à recouvrir intégralement ladite ouverture (6). - Sealing said element (11) at said outer zone (13) by hot deformation of said element (11) and said outer zone (13), so as to completely cover said opening (6).
8. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de déformation à chaud consiste à faire fondre sans apport de matière l'élément (11 ) et la zone externe (13).8. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, characterized in that the hot deformation step consists of melting without adding material the element (11) and the outer zone (13).
9. Procédé de fabrication selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de déformation à chaud consiste à faire fondre avec apport de matière l'élément (11 ) et la zone externe (13).9. The manufacturing method according to claim 7, characterized in that the hot deformation step is to melt with material supply the element (11) and the outer zone (13).
10. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le procédé comprend en outre l'étape de marquage de l'élément (11 ).10. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the method further comprises the step of marking the element (11).
11. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 10, une étape de marquage est préalable à l'étape de scellement.11. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, a marking step is prior to the sealing step.
12. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11 , l'étape de marquage est postérieure à l'étape de scellement. 12. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, the marking step is subsequent to the sealing step.
13. Procédé de fabrication selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le procédé comprend en outre une étape de mise en forme de la pièce de protection (8). 13. The manufacturing method according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the method further comprises a shaping step of the protective part (8).
PCT/FR2007/051414 2006-06-26 2007-06-12 Protection against the fraudulent opening of an appliance WO2008000987A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0652652 2006-06-26
FR0652652A FR2902874B1 (en) 2006-06-26 2006-06-26 PROTECTION AGAINST THE FRAUDULENT OPENING OF AN APPLIANCE

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102236813A (en) * 2010-05-04 2011-11-09 安利奎·达马多 Electronic identification system

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2985850B1 (en) * 2012-01-12 2015-02-06 Hydrelis ELECTRONIC DEVICE IN A CASE WITH ACTIVATION KEY

Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB565107A (en) * 1943-04-22 1944-10-26 Metropolitan Gas Meters Ltd Improvements relating to gas meters
DE3019581A1 (en) * 1979-06-06 1980-12-18 Telefongyar Plumb seal for bolt head - has strip with bore for bolt bent over head and secured by fusing pin
EP0121943A1 (en) * 1983-04-11 1984-10-17 The Singer Company Tamper resistant seal plug
GB2274871A (en) * 1993-01-23 1994-08-10 Siemens Measurements Ltd Improvements in or relating to utility supply meters

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB565107A (en) * 1943-04-22 1944-10-26 Metropolitan Gas Meters Ltd Improvements relating to gas meters
DE3019581A1 (en) * 1979-06-06 1980-12-18 Telefongyar Plumb seal for bolt head - has strip with bore for bolt bent over head and secured by fusing pin
EP0121943A1 (en) * 1983-04-11 1984-10-17 The Singer Company Tamper resistant seal plug
GB2274871A (en) * 1993-01-23 1994-08-10 Siemens Measurements Ltd Improvements in or relating to utility supply meters

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102236813A (en) * 2010-05-04 2011-11-09 安利奎·达马多 Electronic identification system

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FR2902874A1 (en) 2007-12-28
FR2902874B1 (en) 2008-08-22

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