WO2008000660A1

WO2008000660A1 - Method for producing a cast piece

Info

Publication number: WO2008000660A1
Application number: PCT/EP2007/056084
Authority: WO
Inventors: Rene Jabado; Jens Dahl Jensen; Ursus KRÜGER; Daniel Körtvelyessy; Richard Matz; Ralph Reiche; Michael Rindler; Steffen Walter
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2006-06-27
Filing date: 2007-06-19
Publication date: 2008-01-03
Also published as: DE102006030365B3; EP2033143A1; US20100035084A1; US8846216B2; EP2033143B1

Abstract

The invention relates inter alia to a method for producing a cast piece (100), especially a cast metal piece, comprising at least one information element (5) carrying at least one piece of information. The invention is characterized in that the information element (5) is produced from a magnetizable material (10) and the information is deposited in the magnetizable material and is cast into the information element during casting of the piece, the casting temperature being above the Curie temperature of the magnetizable material of the information element.

Description

description

Method for producing a casting

The invention relates to a method having the features according to the preamble of claim 1.

As is known, metal castings for machines, for example turbine blades for gas turbines, are provided with information elements in order to be able to unambiguously identify the cast parts during maintenance or cleaning work or in the case of warranty claims. When attaching such information elements a variety of technical aspects must be considered: First, the information elements during the later use of the

Casting not disturb or damage, and to ande ren ^¬ must be ensured that subsequent FAEL ^¬ rule or falsification of the information elements mög ^¬ Lich, at least not very expensive. It should be striven for that the information is stored so securely that an economic gain which can possibly be prevented by falsifying the information ^{element is nullified} by the necessary high counterfeiting expenditure, so that counterfeiting is not worthwhile at all.

The publication DE 102 07 279 discloses a method for producing a gas turbine blade, in which a part identification number is impressed by corresponding shaping of a casting mold directly into the surface of the gas turbine blade. The corresponding surface section of

Gas turbine blade thus forms an information element that carries as information the part identification number. The US Patent 1,561,427 discloses a method for marking a molded part, wherein the characters of a mate rial ^¬ with a higher melting temperature than the melting temperature of the casting during its manufacture in this einge- be poured.

US Pat. No. 4,161,830 discloses a method for inscribing a cast part having the features according to the preamble of claim 1. In this method, signs made of a heat-resistant material with a dovetail shape, viewed in cross-section, are each connected to a holding magnet. The resulting units are each attached to the wall of a mold, wherein the Hal ^¬ tekräfte generated by the holding magnets. Subsequently, the characters are poured into the casting by filling a casting material into the casting mold.

Based on a method of the type described above, the invention has for its object to admit a method for producing a casting with an information ^{element ¬} that can be easily performed and offers a particularly high level of security against falsification of Informa ^¬ tion of the information element ,

This object is achieved on the basis of a method of the type specified according to the invention by the characterizing features of claim 1.

A significant advantage of the method according to the invention is the fact that can be characterized with this casting very forgery-proof. This is initially due to the fact that the information element is cast in the casting and therefore is not visible from the outside. Only the manufacturer of the casting knows that such Information element is contained in the casting, and only he knows the exact position of the information element to read the ^¬ ses subsequently. Strangers, for example buyers or users of the casting, thus do not readily have an opportunity to access the information ^element and to read it out.

Another significant advantage of the method according to the invention is that falsification of the information element is virtually eliminated, at least very expensive, since the information element is cast in the casting and thus embedded. A replacement or replacement of the information element would make it necessary to selectively melt at least a portion of the casting in order to get to the information element embedded therein. However, such a melting is very expensive, so that this is usually not worth it for economic reasons and counterfeiting attempts are uninteresting.

A third advantage of the method according to the invention is that during the casting of Gusstei ^¬ les a casting temperature above the Curie temperature of the magnetizable material of the information element is set ^¬ is. The magnetizable material loses its magnetic properties due to this high temperature, so that the stored or stored in the magnetizable material information without a subsequent subsequent Magneti ^¬ tion of the information element are unreadable. A for unauthorized ^¬ ter third party would therefore have to be able to access the information element, first know that in fact an information element is included where this exactly did the ^¬ charged and also that first a "re-magnetization rung" of the information element necessary is to allow a readout of the information contained therein. If a "hiding" of the information element and the information contained therein is not desired, but a simplified reading of the information is to be ensured, it is considered advantageous if after completion of the casting of the casting a subsequent magnetization of the magnetizable material takes place in order to enable an immediate reading of the information of the information element, for example with a magnetic head reader or the like.

For example, the information can be stored by recesses, in particular depressions or holes, being introduced into the magnetizable material or magnetisable material being removed in a location-dependent manner. Preferably, a kind of punched card structure is introduced in the magnetizable material, in which logical ones and logical zeroes are deposited by a hole coding. Such Lochcodie ^¬ tion can be made to, for example, by drilling holes or wells in the magnetizable material ^¬. The holes or depressions can be formed by a conventional drilling process with a drill, by laser material removal or by a chemical or electrochemical Ät ^¬ zen.

For reasons of space, it is considered advantageous when the hole pattern is configured in two dimensions, and forms a two dimensional matrix ^¬.

The recesses or holes can be filled, for example, with a non-magnetizable material in order to bring about the greatest possible difference between the magnetic properties of the magnetizable material and the region of the recesses or holes. Alternatively, you can instead of a non-magnetizable material and another magnetizable material are used, the other may ^¬ genetic properties than the rest of magnetizable Mate ^¬ rial.

Moreover, storing the information in the information element can also be effected in that at least two mate rials ^¬ ^¬ which areas of the information element to form a Co- dation be arranged with different magnetization in various. In this embodiment, therefore, no holes or recesses must be formed within the magnetizable material, but instead two different materials are used from the outset and arranged locally differently, to - preferably in the context of a matrix - to form a coding and the information store.

The information is stored within the binary information element before ^¬ preferably to allow a trouble-free and reliable as possible readout.

In order to ensure that the information stored in the information element can only be read by persons who are authorized to do so, it is considered advantageous if the information is stored encrypted in the magnetizable material. For this purpose the magneti ^¬ matable material is preferably divided into at least two sections, namely below into a first portion in which an encryption key is stored which is required for decrypting a payload, and a second portion in which at least the payload Use of the encryption key is stored encrypted. With regard to the greatest possible information density, it is also considered advantageous here if both the first section and The second section may also be configured in two-dimensional matrix form.

In order to ensure protection of the magnetizable material during the casting process, it will be seen ^¬ be advantageous when the magnetizable material is embedded before the start of the casting process ^¬ between two ceramic layers, which have a high temperature stability.

Especially with very high-quality castings such example ^¬ as in turbine blades is an attachment of identification numbers and other information, such as lung parameters to herstel ^¬ the place of manufacture, the manufacturing time and the manufacturer, it is important to allow for targeted tes wait the component and prolong its life ^¬ life. For this reason, it is considered to be advantageous ^¬ if machine components, in particular turbine ^¬ nenteile such as turbine blades, are prepared by the method described.

The invention also relates to a casting, in particular a metal casting, with an information ^element carrying at least one information.

In order to ensure the highest level of security against falsification of the information contained in the information element in such a casting, the characterizing features of claim 11 are provided according to the invention.

The invention is explained in detail below with reference ^of an exemplary ^embodiment. This is shown by way of example FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of an information ^element which is suitable for pouring into a cast part, and

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a finished cast part, in which the information element according to FIG

Figure 1 is poured.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, for the sake of clarity, the same reference numerals are always used for identical or comparable components.

FIG. 1 shows an information element 5 with a magnetizable material 10 in the form of a magnetizable ceramic plate 20, which is subdivided into two sections 30 and 40.

In the first section 30, a coding key 50 in the form of a hole structure 60 is deposited. The hole structure 60 is designed two-dimensionally and forms a matrix in order to achieve a minimum space requirement or a maximum information density.

In the second section 40, a payload 70 in the form of another hole structure 80 is deposited, but which is encrypted. To the payload 70 of the second to understand from ^¬ section 40, it is necessary to use the encryption key 50 from the first section 30 and a white ^¬ direct complementary encryption key to decrypt. The further complementary coding key is not contained in the magnetizable material 10 and is also not stored in the information element; it is single ^¬ Lich known to the manufacturer of the information element, the secret holding these and makes accessible only to the persons belonging to a readout of the payload 70 from the second Section 40 should be entitled. The coding key 50 and the other not included in the information element Co ^¬ decoding key preferably form a key pair, wherein the further encryption key from the encryption key 50 is not available, as is well known in the field of encryption technology.

The hole structure 60 and the further hole structure 80 are preferably formed by recesses or holes 90 are introduced into the magnetizable material 10. The off ^¬ recesses or holes 10 can be formed by drilling, Lasermaterialabtrag or by a chemical or electro-chemical etching in the ceramic plate 20 and thus in the magnetizable Ma ^¬ TERIAL.

Characterized in that the perforated structure 60 as well as the additional hole structure ge ^¬ forms a mechanical manner in the ceramic plate 20 80, the information formed by the two hole structures is captively written in the magnetizable material 10, irrespective of whether the magnetizable material 10 is magnetized or unmagnetized is. If, in the course of further processing, the information element is exposed to a temperature which is above the Curie temperature of the magnetizable material 10, any magnetization of the magnetizable material 10 which may already be present will indeed be lost, but the information itself remains mechanically in the form of the two Hole structures 60 and 80 fixed captive.

The ceramic plate 20 may, for example, in the context of a

Sandwich structure between two other dielectric ceramic plates are embedded in order to protect them during the casting process in front of the liquid casting material. The two further ceramic plates are not shown in the figure 1 for the sake of clarity.

FIG. 2 shows a casting 100 in the form of a turbine blade with an airfoil 102 and a foot 103 in a three-dimensional representation. In the casting 100, the information element 5 is cast according to Figure 1 at a pre ^¬ given point 110. In the example according to FIG. 2, the information element 5 is cast in the blade 102, or, alternatively, it may also be cast in the base 103, which may be preferable in individual cases for stability reasons.

The information element 5 is located within the cast part 100 and thus can not be directly recognized from the outside. Since a temperature which is above the Curie temperature of the magnetizable material 10 of the information element 5 is used during the production of the casting 100, neither the useful information 70 nor the coding key 50 can be read directly from the outside.

It is thus initially necessary to magnetize the information element 5 in order to be able to read out the hole structures 60 and 80 contained in the magnetizable material 10, for example in a magnetic manner. Once such nachträgli ^¬ che magnetization has been made, can be detected 60 and 80 by means of a magnetic head reader, the hole structures contained in the magnetizable material 10 and thus so ^¬ probably the coding key 50 and the payload 70 are read out.

If it is in the reading-out person to an authorized person, it will be owned by the complementary to the co ^¬ commanding key 50 and coding key thus be able to decrypt and understand the encoded payload 70.

Is it, however, when reading about a person who is not entitled thereto, these further com ^¬ tary coding key does not possess and thus not be able to decrypt the payload 70th

In summary, it can thus be stated that the information element 5 located in the casting 100 is very difficult to read out or distorted by unauthorized persons, since it is not directly accessible from the outside and an additional coding key is required to understand the information contained therein, which is not known to unauthorized persons is.

As already mentioned, readout of the hole structures 60 and 80 can take place magnetically by means of a magnetic head reader or the like; Alternatively, it is also conceivable to use an electrical eddy current method in which eddy currents are generated in the magnetizable material 10 in a targeted manner, which in turn lead to magnetic fields and enable reading of both the coding key 50 and the useful information 70.

Instead of a magnetizable ceramic plate 20, the information element 5 can also be equipped with a "normal" ferrite layer forming the magnetic material 10 of the infor ^¬ mationselements. 5

Since the payload 70 and the coding key 50 are stored with ^¬ means of mechanical structures in the hole magnetizable material 10, the information element is 5 high tempe ^¬ raturbeständig, since a loss of information only then occurring can occur when temperatures above the melting temperature of the magnetizable material 10 are reached or exceeded and the hole structures 60 and 80 disappear by melting. As long as the melting temperature is not reached, the stored information remains available and readable even when the Curie temperature of the magnetizable material is exceeded and the magnetizable material 10 as such becomes non-magnetic; because by a simple Nachmagnetisieren or re-magnetization, which can be carried out easily for example by the application of a magnetic field from the outside, a readout of the two hole structures 60 and 80 can be made possible again.

Claims

claims

1. A method for producing a cast part (100), in particular a metal casting, with an information element (5) carrying at least one information, wherein

The information element (5) with a magnetizable

Material is prepared (10), - is poured during the casting of the casting, the information element in the casting and - a casting temperature above the Curie temperature of the magnetizable material of the information element verwen ^¬ det, characterized in that the information in the magnetizable material of the Information ^element is stored such that it remains readable even after heating the magnetizable material to a temperature above the Curie temperature of the magnetizable material and after magnetizing the magnetizable material by magnetic means is readable or read by within the Informationsele ^¬ zones are formed with different magnetizability.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after casting of the casting magnetizing the magnetizable material of the information element takes place.

3. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the storage of the information by introducing recesses (90), in particular recesses or holes, is made in the magnetizable material.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the recesses (90) are filled with a non-magnetizable material.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the information is stored by at least two materials with different magnetizability in different zones of the information element are arranged to form a coding.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the information is stored in binary.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the information is stored encrypted in the magnetizable material.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetizable material in at least two Ab ^¬ sections (30, 40) is divided, namely in a first section (30) in which a coding key (50) is deposited, the for decrypting a payload (70), and a second portion (40) in which the payload (70) is encrypted using the decryption key (50).

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized that the magnetizable material between two ceramic ^¬ layers is embedded.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a machine component, in particular a Tur ^¬ binenteil or a turbine blade is produced as a casting.

11. casting (100), in particular metal casting, with an information element carrying at least one information

(5), wherein -the information element comprises a magnetizable material (10) and

The information element is cast in the casting, characterized

- That the information in the magnetizable material is stored captive so that it remains readable even after heating the magnetizable material to a temperature above the Curie temperature of the magnetizable material and is magnetically readable or readable after magnetizing the magnetizable material,

- wherein the information of the information element is stored in the magnetizable material of the information element is formed by within the information element zones with different magnetizability.